CN116875483B - Composite microbial agent, fermented feed and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Composite microbial agent, fermented feed and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 229940004208 lactobacillus bulgaricus Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 27
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
- A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12R—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
- C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
- C12R2001/01—Bacteria or Actinomycetales ; using bacteria or Actinomycetales
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12R—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
- C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
- C12R2001/01—Bacteria or Actinomycetales ; using bacteria or Actinomycetales
- C12R2001/07—Bacillus
- C12R2001/085—Bacillus cereus
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12R—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
- C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
- C12R2001/01—Bacteria or Actinomycetales ; using bacteria or Actinomycetales
- C12R2001/145—Clostridium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12R—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
- C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
- C12R2001/01—Bacteria or Actinomycetales ; using bacteria or Actinomycetales
- C12R2001/225—Lactobacillus
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12R—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
- C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
- C12R2001/01—Bacteria or Actinomycetales ; using bacteria or Actinomycetales
- C12R2001/46—Streptococcus ; Enterococcus; Lactococcus
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Abstract
The invention relates to a composite microbial agent, a fermented feed and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of livestock breeding. The clostridium butyricum, enterococcus faecium, lactobacillus bulgaricus and bacillus cereus are added to have synergistic effect, so that the mixed composite microbial inoculum prepared by the clostridium butyricum, the enterococcus faecium and the bacillus cereus has excellent antibacterial and growth promoting effects; the clostridium butyricum and enterococcus faecium play a role in inhibiting bacteria from limiting the survival of pathogenic bacteria to pressing the reproduction of the pathogenic bacteria, and on the basis, bacillus cereus and lactobacillus bulgaricus are added to further strengthen the antibacterial effect, stimulate the appetite of animals, improve the utilization rate of feed and promote the growth of the animals. In addition, cellulose decomposing bacteria and acidophilic bacteria are also added into the added composite microbial inoculum, cellulose and complex carbohydrate in the fermented feed are effectively decomposed by the cellulose decomposing bacteria, and organic acids such as lactic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid are produced by fast fermentation by the acidophilic bacteria, so that the quality and the fermentation efficiency of the fermented feed are effectively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of livestock breeding, and particularly relates to a composite microbial inoculant, a fermented feed and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The animal industry has an important task of converting food crops of poor quality, which cannot be directly consumed by humans, into high quality human nutrients such as high quality meat, eggs, milk, etc. At present, the application of the composite microbial inoculum in the feed promotes the production of animals, protects the health of the animals and makes great contribution to the development of intensive breeding industry; the composite microbial agent fermented feed is a feed raw material which is higher in nutrient content, nontoxic and harmless and is easier to digest and absorb by livestock and poultry, and the anti-nutritional factors in plants, animals and minerals are decomposed or converted into the feed raw material by the bacterial strain through the metabolic activity of the bacterial strain under the condition of manual control.
However, the problems existing in the composite microbial agent fermented feed are increasingly apparent with the passage of time, and the composite microbial agent fermented feed is widely paid attention to society; in livestock and poultry breeding industry, the fermented feed is often mildewed and deteriorated, so that livestock and poultry grow slowly after feeding and disease resistance is reduced. Therefore, research on a fermented feed capable of solving the problem that the antibacterial and growth-promoting effects of the fermented feed are poor after the fermented feed is eaten by livestock and poultry is particularly urgent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a composite microbial agent, a fermented feed and a preparation method thereof, and clostridium butyricum, enterococcus faecium, lactobacillus bulgaricus and bacillus cereus are added to have synergistic effect, so that the mixed composite microbial agent is prepared into the fermented feed which has excellent antibacterial and growth promoting effects; the clostridium butyricum and enterococcus faecium play a role in inhibiting bacteria from limiting the survival of pathogenic bacteria to pressing the reproduction of the pathogenic bacteria, and on the basis, bacillus cereus and lactobacillus bulgaricus are added to further strengthen the antibacterial effect, stimulate the appetite of animals, improve the utilization rate of feed and promote the growth of the animals. In addition, cellulose decomposing bacteria and acidophilic bacteria are also added into the added composite microbial inoculum, cellulose and complex carbohydrate in the fermented feed are effectively decomposed by the cellulose decomposing bacteria, and organic acids such as lactic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid are produced by fast fermentation by the acidophilic bacteria, so that the quality and the fermentation efficiency of the fermented feed are effectively improved. Solves the problems of poor bacteriostasis and growth promotion effect of the fermented feed after the livestock and poultry eat the fermented feed in the prior art of the composite microbial inoculum and the fermented feed.
The aim of the invention can be achieved by the following technical scheme:
the composite microbial agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
further, the total viable count of the clostridium butyricum is 1×10 7 -1×10 9 CFU/g; the total viable count of the enterococcus faecium is 1 multiplied by 10 8 -3×10 8 CFU/g。
Further, the total viable count of the Lactobacillus bulgaricus is 1×10 8 -1×10 9 CFU/g; the total viable count of the bacillus cereus is 2 multiplied by 10 9 -2×10 10 CFU/g。
Further, the total viable count of the cellulolytic bacteria is 1×10 9 -3×10 9 CFU/g; the total viable count of the acidophilic bacteria is 1 multiplied by 10 8 -1×10 9 CFU/g。
Further, the preparation method of the composite microbial inoculum comprises the following steps:
and weighing clostridium butyricum, enterococcus faecium, lactobacillus bulgaricus, bacillus cereus, cellulolytic bacteria and acidophilic bacteria, and uniformly mixing to obtain the composite microbial inoculum.
A fermented feed, the preparation method of the fermented feed comprising the steps of:
s1, mixing and crushing basic fermentation raw materials, and then adding water to mix and stir uniformly to obtain a mixture;
s2, adding the composite microbial inoculum, glucose and glucose oxidase into the mixture, uniformly stirring, standing at a constant temperature, and sealing and fermenting to obtain the fermented feed.
Further, the basic fermentation raw materials in the step S1 comprise at least two of corn flour, fish meal, bean pulp, wheat bran, rice bran, bone meal, salt, wheat flour, stone powder, wheat bran, rapeseed meal and cotton seed meal.
Further, the crushing in the step S1 is to crush the basic fermentation raw material to 3-6cm in length; the mass ratio of the basic fermentation raw material to the water is 1:0.3-0.5.
Further, the mass ratio of the mixture to the composite microbial inoculum to the glucose oxidase in the step S2 is 1:0.15-0.35:0.1-0.15:0.3-0.5.
Further, the temperature of constant temperature standing and sealed fermentation in the step S2 is 25-35 ℃ for 3-5 days.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The clostridium butyricum, enterococcus faecium, lactobacillus bulgaricus and bacillus cereus are added to have synergistic effect, so that the mixed composite microbial inoculum prepared by the clostridium butyricum, the enterococcus faecium, the lactobacillus bulgaricus and the bacillus cereus has excellent antibacterial and growth promoting effects.
This is because clostridium butyricum has the dual effects of preventing abnormal proliferation of pathogenic bacteria and spoilage bacteria in the intestinal tract and promoting proliferation and development of beneficial intestinal flora, and can be adhered to the intestinal tract for a long time without being washed away by intestinal peristalsis, thereby limiting survival among pathogenic bacteria; the metabolic products of enterococcus faecium, such as lactic acid and acetic acid, can reduce the pH value of the fermented feed, press pathogenic bacteria of animals to reproduce, improve the growing and reproducing environment of intestinal flora of animals, thereby inhibiting the growth of other microorganisms and maintaining the microecological balance in the intestinal tract; the clostridium butyricum and enterococcus faecium play a bacteriostatic role from limiting the survival of pathogenic bacteria to pressing the reproduction of the pathogenic bacteria;
on the basis, bacillus cereus and lactobacillus bulgaricus are added, the lactobacillus bulgaricus can produce hydrogen peroxide and various antibiotics, balance among flora in intestinal tracts is favorably adjusted, pathogenic bacteria are prevented from being infected when animal immunity is low, so that the animal is protected, and the lactobacillus bulgaricus is rich in natural phagostimulant components such as taste nucleotides, glutamic acid and the like in feed, has unique fermentation fragrance, is favorable for stimulating appetite of the animal, promoting secretion of digestive juice, improving activity of digestive enzymes, accelerating decomposition of nutritional ingredients of the feed, promoting absorption of nutritional substances, and comprehensively improving feed intake and feed intake speed; the bacillus cereus can rapidly consume free oxygen in the environment and activate an immune system to cause an intestinal hypoxia environment and prevent the generation of drug-resistant bacteria, and secondly, the bacillus cereus can generate organic acid, lipase, protease, enzymatic factors and the like, thereby being beneficial to promoting digestion and absorption and improving the utilization rate of feed so as to promote the growth of animals;
based on the bacteriostasis of clostridium butyricum and enterococcus faecium, the lactobacillus bulgaricus and the bacillus cereus are matched to generate a synergistic effect, so that the lactobacillus bulgaricus is used for adjusting the flora balance, preventing infection and promoting feeding, and the bacillus cereus is used for preventing drug-resistant bacteria from generating, promoting digestion and absorption and further promoting animal growth; the four synergistic effects make the compound microbial inoculum have both bacteriostasis and growth promotion effects.
(2) In the fermented feed prepared by the invention, the cellulose decomposing bacteria and acidophilic bacteria are added into the added composite microbial inoculum, so that the quality and the fermentation efficiency of the fermented feed are effectively improved. The cellulose decomposing bacteria can effectively decompose cellulose and complex carbohydrate in the fermented feed, so that the cellulose decomposing bacteria can be rapidly hydrolyzed into micromolecular substances and generate a large amount of soluble nutrient substances and simple saccharides, the bioavailability is improved, acidophilic bacteria can rapidly ferment by utilizing the substances to generate organic acids such as lactic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid, the pH value in the feed is reduced, the digestibility and the taste of the feed are improved, and meanwhile, the degradation of crude fibers of the fermented feed is promoted, so that the quality of the fermented feed is remarkably improved.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The composite microbial agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
wherein the total viable count of the clostridium butyricum is 1 multiplied by 10 8 CFU/g; the total viable count of the enterococcus faecium is 3 multiplied by 10 8 CFU/g; the total viable count of the Lactobacillus bulgaricus is 1×10 8 CFU/g; the total viable count of the bacillus cereus is 2 multiplied by 10 10 CFU/g; the total viable count of the cellulolytic bacteria is 1×10 9 CFU/g; the total viable count of the acidophilic bacteria is 1 multiplied by 10 8 CFU/g。
The preparation method of the composite microbial inoculum comprises the following steps:
weighing the clostridium butyricum, enterococcus faecium, lactobacillus bulgaricus, bacillus cereus, cellulolytic bacteria and acidophilic bacteria, and uniformly mixing to obtain the composite microbial inoculum.
Example 2
The composite microbial agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
wherein the total viable count of the clostridium butyricum is 1 multiplied by 10 9 CFU/g; the total viable count of the enterococcus faecium is 2 multiplied by 10 8 CFU/g; the total viable count of the Lactobacillus bulgaricus is 1×10 9 CFU/g; the total viable count of the bacillus cereus is 2 multiplied by 10 9 CFU/g; the total viable count of the cellulolytic bacteria is 2×10 9 CFU/g; the total viable count of the acidophilic bacteria is 1 multiplied by 10 9 CFU/g。
The preparation method of the composite microbial inoculum comprises the following steps:
weighing the clostridium butyricum, enterococcus faecium, lactobacillus bulgaricus, bacillus cereus, cellulolytic bacteria and acidophilic bacteria, and uniformly mixing to obtain the composite microbial inoculum.
Example 3
The composite microbial agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
wherein the total viable count of the clostridium butyricum is1×10 7 CFU/g; the total viable count of the enterococcus faecium is 1 multiplied by 10 8 CFU/g; the total viable count of the Lactobacillus bulgaricus is 1×10 9 CFU/g; the total viable count of the bacillus cereus is 2 multiplied by 10 9 CFU/g; the total viable count of the cellulolytic bacteria is 3×10 9 CFU/g; the total viable count of the acidophilic bacteria is 1 multiplied by 10 8 CFU/g。
The preparation method of the composite microbial inoculum comprises the following steps:
weighing the clostridium butyricum, enterococcus faecium, lactobacillus bulgaricus, bacillus cereus, cellulolytic bacteria and acidophilic bacteria, and uniformly mixing to obtain the composite microbial inoculum.
Comparative examples 1 to 4
The difference compared with example 3 is that clostridium butyricum, enterococcus faecium, lactobacillus bulgaricus and bacillus cereus in comparative examples 1 to 4 are added in the same amounts and preparation steps and parameters as the rest of raw materials as shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
Comparative example 5
In comparison with example 3, the difference is that no cellulolytic bacteria were added in comparative example 5, and the amounts of the remaining raw materials added, the preparation steps and the parameters were the same.
Comparative example 6
In comparison with example 3, the difference is that acidophiles are not added in comparative example 5, and the addition amounts of the remaining raw materials, the preparation steps and the parameters are the same.
Example 4
A fermented feed, the preparation method of the fermented feed comprising the steps of:
s1, mixing corn flour, fish meal, bean pulp and wheat bran according to the equal mass ratio, crushing the mixture to a length of 5cm, and then adding water to uniformly mix and stir the mixture to obtain a mixture;
s2, adding the composite microbial inoculum, glucose and glucose oxidase prepared in the example 1 into the mixture, uniformly stirring, standing at a constant temperature of 25 ℃ and sealing and fermenting for 3 days to obtain the fermented feed.
The mass ratio of the total mass of the corn flour, the fish meal, the bean pulp and the wheat bran to the mass of the water is 1:0.5; the mass ratio of the mixture to the composite microbial inoculum to the glucose oxidase is 1:0.15:0.13:0.5.
Example 5
A fermented feed, the preparation method of the fermented feed comprising the steps of:
s1, mixing rice bran, bone meal, salt, rapeseed meal and cottonseed meal according to the mass ratio, crushing the mixture to a length of 3cm, and then adding water to uniformly mix and stir the mixture to obtain a mixture;
s2, adding the composite microbial inoculum prepared in the example 3, glucose and glucose oxidase into the mixture, uniformly stirring, standing at a constant temperature of 35 ℃ and sealing and fermenting for 4 days to obtain the fermented feed.
The mass ratio of the total mass of the rice bran, the bone meal, the salt, the rapeseed meal and the cottonseed meal to the water is 1:0.3; the mass ratio of the mixture to the composite microbial inoculum to the glucose oxidase is 1:0.35:0.1:0.4.
Example 6
A fermented feed, the preparation method of the fermented feed comprising the steps of:
s1, mixing corn flour, fish meal, wheat flour, stone powder and wheat bran according to the mass ratio, crushing the mixture to a length of 6cm, and then adding water to uniformly mix and stir the mixture to obtain a mixture;
s2, adding the composite microbial inoculum prepared in the embodiment 2, glucose and glucose oxidase into the mixture, uniformly stirring, standing at a constant temperature of 30 ℃ and sealing and fermenting for 5 days to obtain the fermented feed.
The mass ratio of the total mass of the corn flour, the fish meal, the wheat flour, the stone powder and the wheat bran to the water is 1:0.4; the mass ratio of the mixture to the composite microbial inoculum to the glucose oxidase is 1:0.25:0.15:0.3.
Comparative examples 7 to 12
Compared with example 5, the difference is that the composite microbial inoculum prepared in step S2 of comparative examples 7-12 and prepared in example 3 is replaced by the composite microbial inoculum prepared in comparative examples 1-6 in turn respectively, and the addition amounts of the rest raw materials, the preparation steps and the parameters are the same.
Test example 1
40g (accurate to 0.001 g) of the fermented feed prepared in examples 4-6 and comparative examples 7-10 was weighed into a 250mL triangular flask, 70mL of methanol was added, and after mixing and leaching for 2 hours, the mixture was filtered with 4 layers of gauze and stored at 4℃to obtain a leaching solution. Punching holes on prepared escherichia coli and salmonella pathogen flat plates, adding 100 mu L of the leaching solution into each hole, culturing for 24 hours at 37 ℃, measuring the diameter of a bacteriostasis ring, and recording, thereby testing the bacteriostasis effect of the fermented feed. Experimental results data processing and analysis were performed using Excel2019, SPSS22.0 software. The results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2
As can be seen from Table 2, the added composite microbial inoculum of the fermented feed provided by the invention is added with clostridium butyricum, enterococcus faecium, lactobacillus bulgaricus and bacillus cereus which have synergistic effects, so that the fermented feed has excellent antibacterial effect. This is because clostridium butyricum has the dual effects of preventing abnormal proliferation of pathogenic bacteria and spoilage bacteria in the intestinal tract and promoting proliferation and development of beneficial intestinal flora, and can be adhered to the intestinal tract for a long time without being washed away by intestinal peristalsis, thereby limiting survival among pathogenic bacteria; the metabolic products of enterococcus faecium, such as lactic acid and acetic acid, can reduce the pH value of the fermented feed, press pathogenic bacteria of animals to reproduce, improve the growing and reproducing environment of intestinal flora of animals, thereby inhibiting the growth of other microorganisms and maintaining the microecological balance in the intestinal tract; the clostridium butyricum and enterococcus faecium play a bacteriostatic role from limiting the survival of pathogenic bacteria to pressing the reproduction of the pathogenic bacteria; on the basis, bacillus cereus and lactobacillus bulgaricus are added, so that lactobacillus bulgaricus adjusts the balance among flora in intestinal tracts, the effect of preventing pathogenic bacteria from infecting when animal immunity is low is achieved, bacillus cereus rapidly consumes free oxygen in the environment and activates an immune system, the intestinal tracts are caused to be in a low-oxygen environment, and drug-resistant bacteria are prevented from being produced, so that the antibacterial effect is achieved.
Test example 2
Healthy weaned pigs with similar initial weights (10+/-0.3 kg) were selected and randomly divided into 7 groups of 3 replicates each with 10 replicates each. The fermented feeds prepared in examples 4 to 6 and comparative examples 7 to 10 were fed respectively. During the test period, piglets can eat freely, drink water freely, and have conventional immunity, and the test period is 30 days. The individuals weighed empty stomach at the beginning and end of the test, respectively; during the test period, the growth condition of the pig group, the test weight gain condition and the recorded feed consumption condition are observed every day, so that the average daily gain and average daily feed intake of the piglets are recorded. The data statistics were analyzed by single factor variance analysis using SPSS18.0 statistical software, and the results are expressed as mean.+ -. Standard deviation, and the results are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 Table 3
| Average daily gain (g/d) | Average daily feed intake (g/d) | |
| Example 4 | 405.53±1.38 | 689.59±8.92 |
| Example 5 | 411.02±1.41 | 694.15±8.03 |
| Example 6 | 407.38±1.50 | 691.37±8.66 |
| Comparative example 7 | 384.83±1.94 | 681.73±9.38 |
| Comparative example 8 | 373.26±1.69 | 672.91±9.87 |
| Comparative example 9 | 352.37±1.82 | 660.64±10.15 |
| Comparative example 10 | 369.25±1.74 | 668.02±10.40 |
As can be seen from Table 3, the added composite microbial inoculum of the fermented feed provided by the invention is added with clostridium butyricum, enterococcus faecium, lactobacillus bulgaricus and bacillus cereus which are synergistic, so that the fermented feed has excellent growth promoting effect. The lactobacillus bulgaricus in the composite microbial inoculum is rich in natural phagostimulant components such as taste-developing nucleotide, glutamic acid and the like in the feed, has unique fermentation fragrance, is beneficial to stimulating the appetite of animals, promoting the secretion of digestive juice, improving the activity of digestive enzymes and accelerating the decomposition of nutrient components of the feed, thereby promoting the absorption of nutrient substances and comprehensively improving the feed intake and the feed intake speed; the bacillus cereus can produce organic acid, lipase, protease, enzymatic factors and the like, which is beneficial to promoting digestion and absorption and improving the utilization rate of feed, thereby promoting the growth of animals.
Test example 3
(1) And (3) detecting the fermented feed crude fiber: the fermented feeds prepared in examples 4 to 6 and comparative examples 11 to 12 were subjected to crude fiber detection according to GB/T6434-2006 to determine whether the fermented feeds were fermented successfully, and the detection results are shown in Table 4.
(2) And (3) detecting the quality of the fermented feed:
1) Appearance: and observing whether the fermented feed after fermentation is mildewed or not, wherein if the fermented feed is mildewed, the quality of the fermented feed is poor.
2) Smell: observing whether the fermented feed after fermentation has fishy smell, odor, sour flavor, wine flavor or sauce flavor. If fishy smell or stink exists, the quality of the fermented feed is poor; if the sour flavor or the wine flavor or the sauce flavor exists, the fermented feed product is excellent.
3) Texture: and touching the fermented feed after fermentation. If the touch feeling is soft, the texture of the fermented feed is good; if the touch is cohesive to form a mushy or too hard, this represents a poor texture of the fermented feed.
The quality of the fermented feeds prepared in examples 4 to 6 and comparative examples 11 to 12 was examined in this manner, and the results are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 Table 4
| Crude fiber (%) | Appearance of | Smell of | Texture of | |
| Example 4 | 16.8 | No mildew | Sour flavor, wine flavor | Soft touch |
| Example 5 | 16.5 | No mildew | Sour flavor, wine flavor | Soft touch |
| Example 6 | 16.7 | No mildew | Sour flavor, wine flavor | Soft touch |
| Comparative example 11 | 23.9 | Slightly mildewed | The presence of malodor | Slightly bonded and agglomerated |
| Comparative example 12 | 21.4 | No mildew | Has fishy smell | Slightly bonded and agglomerated |
As can be seen from Table 4, the composite microbial inoculum added in the fermented feed prepared by the invention is added with cellulose decomposing bacteria and acidophilic bacteria, so that the quality and fermentation efficiency of the fermented feed are effectively improved. The cellulose decomposing bacteria can effectively decompose cellulose and complex carbohydrate in the fermented feed, so that the cellulose decomposing bacteria can be rapidly hydrolyzed into micromolecular substances and generate a large amount of soluble nutrient substances and simple saccharides, the bioavailability is improved, acidophilic bacteria can rapidly ferment by utilizing the substances to generate organic acids such as lactic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid, the pH value in the feed is reduced, the digestibility and the taste of the feed are improved, and meanwhile, the degradation of crude fibers of the fermented feed is promoted, so that the quality of the fermented feed is remarkably improved.
In the description of the present specification, the descriptions of the terms "one embodiment," "example," "specific example," and the like, mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The foregoing is merely illustrative and explanatory of the invention, as various modifications and additions may be made to the particular embodiments described, or in a similar manner, by those skilled in the art, without departing from the scope of the invention or exceeding the scope of the invention as defined in the claims.
Claims (4)
1. A method for preparing fermented feed, characterized in that the preparation method comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing and crushing basic fermentation raw materials, and then adding water to mix and stir uniformly to obtain a mixture;
s2, adding a composite microbial inoculum, glucose and glucose oxidase into the mixture, uniformly stirring, standing at a constant temperature, and sealing and fermenting to obtain a fermented feed;
the mass ratio of the mixture to the composite microbial inoculum to the glucose oxidase is 1:0.15-0.35:0.1-0.15:0.3-0.5;
the composite microbial inoculum comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
the total viable count of clostridium butyricum is 1 multiplied by 10 7 -1×10 9 CFU/g; the total viable count of the enterococcus faecium is 1 multiplied by 10 8 -3×10 8 CFU/g；
The total viable count of the Lactobacillus bulgaricus is 1×10 8 -1×10 9 CFU/g; the total viable count of the bacillus cereus is 2 multiplied by 10 9 -2×10 10 CFU/g；
The total viable count of the cellulolytic bacteria is 1×10 9 -3×10 9 CFU/g; the total viable count of the acidophilic bacteria is 1 multiplied by 10 8 -1×10 9 CFU/g；
The preparation method of the composite microbial inoculum comprises the following steps:
and weighing clostridium butyricum, enterococcus faecium, lactobacillus bulgaricus, bacillus cereus, cellulolytic bacteria and acidophilic bacteria, and uniformly mixing to obtain the composite microbial inoculum.
2. The method for preparing fermented feed according to claim 1, wherein the basic fermentation raw materials in step S1 include at least two of corn flour, fish meal, soybean meal, wheat bran, rice bran, bone meal, salt, wheat flour, stone powder, wheat bran, rapeseed meal and cotton seed meal.
3. The method for preparing fermented feed according to claim 1, wherein the crushing in step S1 is crushing the basic fermentation raw material to a length of 3-6cm; the mass ratio of the basic fermentation raw material to the water is 1:0.3-0.5.
4. The method for preparing fermented feed according to claim 1, wherein the constant temperature standing and sealed fermentation in step S2 is performed at 25-35 ℃ for 3-5 days.
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