CN114467611A - Plum blossom culture medium and plum blossom culture method - Google Patents
Plum blossom culture medium and plum blossom culture method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114467611A CN114467611A CN202210223755.2A CN202210223755A CN114467611A CN 114467611 A CN114467611 A CN 114467611A CN 202210223755 A CN202210223755 A CN 202210223755A CN 114467611 A CN114467611 A CN 114467611A
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- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000012136 culture method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 4
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000003796 beauty Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 abstract description 9
- ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M chlorophyll a Chemical compound C1([C@@H](C(=O)OC)C(=O)C2=C3C)=C2N2C3=CC(C(CC)=C3C)=[N+]4C3=CC3=C(C=C)C(C)=C5N3[Mg-2]42[N+]2=C1[C@@H](CCC(=O)OC\C=C(/C)CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@H](C)C2=C5 ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M 0.000 abstract description 9
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 abstract description 8
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229930002875 chlorophyll Natural products 0.000 abstract description 7
- 235000019804 chlorophyll Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 abstract description 4
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 abstract description 4
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 abstract description 2
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 32
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 9
- 102000019197 Superoxide Dismutase Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 108010012715 Superoxide dismutase Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 5
- 102000003992 Peroxidases Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 108040007629 peroxidase activity proteins Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 244000018795 Prunus mume Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930002868 chlorophyll a Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 229930002869 chlorophyll b Natural products 0.000 description 2
- NSMUHPMZFPKNMZ-VBYMZDBQSA-M chlorophyll b Chemical compound C1([C@@H](C(=O)OC)C(=O)C2=C3C)=C2N2C3=CC(C(CC)=C3C=O)=[N+]4C3=CC3=C(C=C)C(C)=C5N3[Mg-2]42[N+]2=C1[C@@H](CCC(=O)OC\C=C(/C)CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@H](C)C2=C5 NSMUHPMZFPKNMZ-VBYMZDBQSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000006992 Myrciaria cauliflora Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000170059 Myrciaria cauliflora Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011158 Prunus mume Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003837 high-temperature calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000243 photosynthetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
Abstract
The invention discloses a plum blossom culture medium and a plum blossom culture method, and relates to the technical field of plum blossom culture. The culture medium comprises the following raw materials in percentage by volume: 61.54-71.43% of peat, 7.69-14.29% of coconut coir and 14.29-30.76% of vermiculite. The culture medium has small volume weight, light weight, loose structure and high porosity; water and fertilizer are preserved and the air is ventilated; the insect pest is not easy to cause diseases and insect pests, and the transportation and the management are easy; sufficient nutrition, rich organic matters and the like. The compound slow-release fertilizer also has good growth promoting effect, can improve the ground diameter growth amount, and can improve the chlorophyll content and the antioxidant enzyme content of plant leaves.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plum blossom cultivation, in particular to a plum blossom cultivation substrate and a plum blossom cultivation method.
Background
Plum blossom (Prunus mume) is a traditional famous flower and jaboticaba in China, and the spirit of standing up and fighting snow is praised by people since ancient times. The 'beauty' plum (P.mume 'Meiren') is formed by hybridizing double-petal palace type plum and purple plum, has higher ornamental value and strong resistance, and is suitable for pot culture.
With the improvement of living standard of people, the sales of the flower industry in China is increased year by year, but the occupancy rate of traditional flower and tree pot culture such as plum blossom is not high. The traditional potted plum blossom matrix is mainly garden soil, has the problems of heavy weight, difficult transportation, easy hardening, mixed weed seeds, unstable physicochemical properties and the like, and greatly restricts the further development of the potted plum blossom industry.
In view of this, the invention is particularly proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a plum blossom culture medium and a plum blossom culture method to solve the technical problems.
The light matrix (such as single matrix of peat soil, perlite, vermiculite and the like) or the composite matrix mixed by a plurality of matrixes has the characteristics of light weight, cleanness, sanitation, sufficient nutrients, easy management, stable physicochemical properties and the like, and can reduce labor force and maintain stable nutrient supply for a long time when being matched with the long-acting slow-release fertilizer.
The invention is realized by the following steps:
the invention provides a plum blossom culture medium which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by volume: 61.54-71.43% of peat, 7.69-14.29% of coconut coir and 14.29-30.76% of vermiculite.
The inventor provides a novel plum blossom culture medium which has the advantages of small volume weight, light weight, loose structure and high porosity; water and fertilizer are preserved and the air is ventilated; the insect pest is not easy to cause diseases and insect pests, and the transportation and the management are easy; sufficient nutrition, rich organic matters and the like.
Specifically, the raw materials adopted by the culture medium are simple, the marketization is easy to form, and the physical and chemical properties are stable. Peat is a common substrate, and the organic matter content is rich; the coconut coir is a byproduct or waste after coconut processing, and has the advantages of strong water retention and drainage capacity, good resilience, high rewetting capacity and the like; the vermiculite matrix is formed by high-temperature calcination, so that the vermiculite composite material has the advantages of being sterile, non-toxic, good in chemical stability and the like, and is large in porosity, light in weight, good in permeability and strong in water holding capacity.
The matrix formed by the raw materials is matched with the slow release fertilizer, so that the growth promoting effect is good, the ground diameter growth amount can be increased, and the chlorophyll content of plant leaves can be increased.
Particularly, the plum blossom culture medium has a better growth promotion effect on 'beauty' plum, and has the technical advantages of water retention, air permeability, economy, applicability and balanced nutrients.
In a preferred embodiment of the application of the plum blossom culture medium, the plum blossom culture medium comprises the following raw materials in percentage by volume: 66.67% of peat, 11.11% of coconut coir and 22.22% of vermiculite.
In a preferred embodiment of the application of the plum blossom culture medium, the plum blossom culture medium comprises the following raw materials in percentage by volume: 61.54% of peat, 7.69% of coconut husk and 30.76% of vermiculite.
In the preferred embodiment of the application of the invention, the raw materials comprise the following raw materials in percentage by volume: 71.43 percent of peat, 14.29 percent of coconut coir and 14.29 percent of vermiculite. The inventors have found that when the substrate comprises the raw materials of the above formulation, the photosynthetic pigment content and the antioxidant enzyme content of the potted seedling are significantly increased.
When the substrate comprises the raw materials with the following formula, the weight is lighter, the air permeability is better, the nutrients are more recombined, the content of organic matters is increased by more than 50 percent, and the content of the quick-acting P is increased by 29 times.
Specifically, the culture medium comprises the following raw materials in percentage by volume: 71.43 percent of peat, 14.29 percent of coconut coir and 14.29 percent of vermiculite.
The invention also provides a plum blossom cultivation method, which comprises the following steps: filling the plum blossom culture medium in a culture container, implanting plum blossom seedlings, and applying a slow release fertilizer.
In the preferred embodiment of the invention, 4-12g of slow release fertilizer is applied to each cultivation container. Under the application amount, the plum blossom is not slowly grown or poorly developed due to too small application amount, and the plum blossom is not burnt due to too large application amount.
In the preferred embodiment of the invention, 8-12g of slow release fertilizer is applied to each cultivation container.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the slow release fertilizer is applied every 4-6 months.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the slow release fertilizer is a long-acting slow release fertilizer.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the plum blossom is selected from the 'beauty' plum blossom.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the method further comprises a pretreatment of the coconut coir, which comprises soaking the coconut tiles in water. Impurities such as residual acid and alkali in the coconut brick are removed through water soaking, so that the situation that the pH of the culture medium is influenced by the acid or alkali in the coconut brick and the normal growth and development of the plum blossom are further influenced is avoided.
In an alternative embodiment, the washing can be carried out 3-4 times under running water, and the EC value can be used in the range of 0.5 ms/cm.
The vermiculite is in a flake shape, and the particle size is about 5 mm.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the plum blossom culture medium provided by the invention has the advantages of small volume weight, light weight, loose structure and high porosity; water and fertilizer are preserved and the air is ventilated; the insect pest is not easy to cause diseases and insect pests, and the transportation and the management are easy; sufficient nutrition, rich organic matters and the like. After being matched with the slow release fertilizer, the fertilizer can play a good role in promoting growth. The plum blossom cultivation method is also provided, the cultivation benefit of plum blossom can be improved, the required labor force is less, and the light simplification of plum blossom cultivation and the industrial production of potted seedlings are facilitated.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
The features and properties of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to examples.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a plum blossom culture medium, which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by volume: 66.67% of peat, 11.11% of coconut coir and 22.22% of vermiculite.
In addition, the plum blossom cultivation method is also provided, and comprises the steps of adding 4g of long-acting slow release fertilizer per plant during seedling planting, and placing the plum blossom cultivation substrate into a pot.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a plum blossom culture medium, which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by volume: 61.54% of peat, 7.69% of coconut husk and 30.76% of vermiculite.
In addition, the plum blossom cultivation method is also provided, and comprises the steps of adding 12g of long-acting slow release fertilizer per plant during seedling planting, and placing the plum blossom cultivation substrate into a pot.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a plum blossom culture medium, which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by volume: 71.43 percent of peat, 14.29 percent of coconut coir and 14.29 percent of vermiculite.
In addition, the plum blossom cultivation method is also provided, and comprises the steps of adding 12g of long-acting slow release fertilizer per plant during seedling planting, and placing the plum blossom cultivation substrate into a pot.
Comparative example 1
The embodiment provides a plum blossom culture medium, which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by volume: garden soil, peat and matrix soil each account for 1/3 of the total matrix volume.
Comparative example 2
The embodiment provides a plum blossom culture medium, which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by volume: 40% of peat, 20% of coconut husk and 40% of vermiculite.
In addition, the plum blossom cultivation method is also provided, and comprises the steps of adding 12g of long-acting slow release fertilizer per plant during seedling planting, and placing the plum blossom cultivation substrate into a pot.
Experimental example 1
The above-mentioned culture substrates were prepared in a certain proportion, and the physicochemical properties of each substrate were measured (Table 1). The strong cuttage seedlings grown annually of the 'beauty' plum are potted, and 30 pots are potted on each substrate and numbered. The same watering and pest control principle is adopted, fertilization is carried out according to the formula in 4 months, and fertilization is carried out once every 6 months.
Respectively measuring the ground diameter and the crown width of the plum blossom in months of 4, 6 and 8; the chlorophyll, Peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) contents of the leaves of the potted plants were measured in mid-8 th month.
TABLE 1 physical Properties of the respective matrix formulations
The results in table 1 demonstrate that the volume weight is reduced by 72.88% to 76.27%, the total porosity is increased by 21.33% to 22.18%, the air permeability is increased by 25.95% to 58.83%, and the water holding porosity is also significantly increased for each example compared to comparative example 1. The cultivation substrate provided by the application has the effects of small volume weight, high porosity and water retention and ventilation. However, in the examples, the porosity for water retention was reduced in examples 1 and 3, and the remaining substrates were not significantly different in physical properties, except that the porosity for air permeability was significantly increased in example 1, as compared to comparative example 2.
TABLE 2 chemistry of the respective substrate formulations
As can be seen from table 2, the organic content of example 3 is significantly higher than that of the comparative example, increasing 69.14% and 51.94%, respectively, while example 1 and example 2 are not significantly different from the comparative example. The total N content of example 3 is significantly higher than the comparative example, while the total N content of example 2 is not significantly different from the comparative example. The total P content of all examples, is not significantly different from comparative example 2, but is lower than comparative example 1. Examples 1 and 2 had significantly higher total K content than comparative example 1, but example 3 had no significant difference from comparative example 1, while examples 1 and 3 had lower total K content than comparative example 2. The content of the quick-acting P in all the examples is obviously higher than that in the comparative example, wherein the content of the quick-acting P in the example 3 is respectively increased by 29.22 times and 1.59 times compared with that in the comparative example. The quick-acting K content of all examples was significantly higher than that of comparative example 2, but there was no significant difference compared to comparative example 1. Therefore, compared with the comparative example, the plum blossom culture medium provided by the embodiment has the characteristic of sufficient nutrients.
TABLE 3 growth of 'beauty' plum pot culture
As can be seen from table 3, the increase in the ground diameter of example 3 was the greatest, and increased 46.15% and 216.67% respectively as compared with those of comparative example 1 and comparative example 2, while there was no significant difference between example 1 and comparative example 2 and between example 2 and comparative example 1. The crown of the examples, except example 3, is significantly higher than comparative example 2, with no significant difference compared to the comparative example. The first-order branch number and the second-order branch number of the examples have no significant difference compared with the comparative examples. The plum blossom culture medium provided by the invention has a good growth promoting effect.
TABLE 4 chlorophyll content of 'Meiren' potted plum seedlings leaves
From the viewpoint of chlorophyll content, the chlorophyll content of all the examples is higher than that of the comparative example 1, wherein the chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b content of the example 3 are the highest and reach 21.25mg/g and 12.08mg/g, and compared with the comparative example 1, the chlorophyll a is increased by 50.39 percent, and the chlorophyll b is increased by 151.67 percent. The plum blossom culture medium provided by the invention has a good growth promoting effect. However, the chlorophyll content of all examples was not significantly different from that of comparative example 2.
TABLE 5 SOD and POD enzyme content of leaves of potted American' plum
As can be seen from table 5, the SOD content in the leaves of the 'american' plum leaves under the matrix formulations of example 1 and example 3 was not significantly different from that of the comparative example, but the SOD content in the leaves of example 2 was lower than that of the comparative example. And the POD content in the leaf of the 'beauty' plum in the matrix formula of the example 3 is obviously higher than that in the comparative example 1, and the difference is not obvious compared with that in the comparative example 2.
In conclusion, the plum blossom culture medium provided by the invention has the advantages of small volume weight, light weight, loose structure and high porosity; water and fertilizer are preserved and the air is ventilated; the insect pest is not easy to cause diseases and insect pests, and the transportation and the management are easy; sufficient nutrition, rich organic matters and the like. After being matched with the slow release fertilizer, the fertilizer can play a good role in promoting growth. The plum blossom cultivation method is also provided, the cultivation benefit of plum blossom can be improved, the required labor force is less, and the light simplification of plum blossom cultivation and the industrial production of potted seedlings are facilitated.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The plum blossom culture medium is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in percentage by volume: 61.54-71.43% of peat, 7.69-14.29% of coconut coir and 14.29-30.76% of vermiculite.
2. The plum blossom culture substrate according to claim 1, comprising the following raw materials in a mixed volume percentage: 66.67% of peat, 11.11% of coconut coir and 22.22% of vermiculite.
3. The plum blossom culture substrate according to claim 1, comprising the following raw materials in a mixed volume percentage: 61.54% of peat, 7.69% of coconut husk and 30.76% of vermiculite.
4. The plum blossom culture substrate according to claim 1, comprising the following raw materials in a mixed volume percentage: 71.43 percent of peat, 14.29 percent of coconut coir and 14.29 percent of vermiculite.
5. A plum blossom cultivation method is characterized by comprising the following steps: filling the plum blossom culture medium as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4 in a culture container, implanting plum blossom seedlings, and applying a slow release fertilizer.
6. The plum blossom cultivation method as claimed in claim 5, wherein 4 to 12g of said slow release fertilizer is applied to each cultivation container.
7. The plum blossom cultivation method as claimed in claim 6, wherein 8-12g of said slow release fertilizer is applied to each cultivation container.
8. The plum blossom cultivation method according to claim 5, wherein said slow release fertilizer is applied once every 4 to 6 months;
preferably, the slow release fertilizer is a long-acting slow release fertilizer.
9. The plum blossom cultivation method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the plum blossom is selected from 'beauty' plum blossom.
10. The plum blossom cultivation method as claimed in claim 5, wherein said method further comprises a pretreatment of coconut coir, said pretreatment comprising soaking coconut tiles in water.
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