CN114466884A - 氟树脂的表面改性方法 - Google Patents
氟树脂的表面改性方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114466884A CN114466884A CN202080067442.1A CN202080067442A CN114466884A CN 114466884 A CN114466884 A CN 114466884A CN 202080067442 A CN202080067442 A CN 202080067442A CN 114466884 A CN114466884 A CN 114466884A
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- fluororesin
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- copolymer
- meth
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Abstract
提供:能够在比以往更低的温度下接枝聚合的、氟树脂的表面改性方法。一种氟树脂的表面改性方法,其中,在有机金属化合物的存在下使氟树脂与自由基反应性化合物反应。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及氟树脂的表面改性方法。
背景技术
氟树脂具有化学稳定性及热稳定性优异、且摩擦系数低的特征。根据这些特征,氟树脂在以光电子学领域、生物技术领域及医疗领域为首的各种领域中的应用备受期待。
氟树脂有时与其他材料复合化并使用。然而,氟树脂的表面能低、且化学稳定,因此与其他材料的粘接性低。为了最大限度的发挥氟树脂的性能,适于使用目的的表面改性技术的开发是不可或缺的。
非专利文献1中记载了:通过物理吸附自由基接枝技术,将作为两性离子单体的磺酸甜菜碱甲基丙烯酸酯(SBMA)接枝于聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)膜的表面,从而提高亲水性。
非专利文献1记载的氟树脂的表面改性方法中,在偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)的存在下,在氟树脂薄膜的表面接枝具有亲水性基团的自由基反应性化合物。该方法具有如下优点:(1)与使用具有亲水性基团的含氟聚合物而构成薄膜的情况相比,不易损害氟树脂的性能;(2)与对氟树脂薄膜的表面实施涂布的情况相比,耐久性优异,且无需进行等离子处理、电晕放电处理等涂布的前处理,生产率高;(3)与进行使用电子束、放射线等的接枝聚合的情况相比,对人体及环境的负担小,且可以抑制氟树脂薄膜的劣化等。
现有技术文献
非专利文献
非专利文献1:Li,Mi-Zi、及其他6人、Grafting zwitterionic brush onthesurface of PVDF membrane using physisorbed free radical graftingtechnique、Journal of Membrane Science、2012年7月、第405-406卷、p.141-148
发明内容
发明要解决的问题
然而,非专利文献1记载的氟树脂的表面改性方法在70℃以上的高温下进行接枝聚合,因此容易发生副反应。
本发明的课题在于,提供能够在比以往更低的温度下接枝聚合的、氟树脂的表面改性方法。
用于解决问题的方案
[1]一种氟树脂的表面改性方法,其中,在有机金属化合物的存在下使氟树脂与自由基反应性化合物反应。
[2]根据[1]所述的氟树脂的表面改性方法,其中,前述氟树脂为薄膜状或颗粒状。
[3]根据[1]或[2]所述的氟树脂的表面改性方法,其中,前述氟树脂为选自由乙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物、全氟(烷基乙烯基醚)-四氟乙烯共聚物、偏二氟乙烯聚合物、氟乙烯聚合物、偏二氟乙烯-六氟丙烯共聚物、四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯-偏二氟乙烯共聚物、四氟乙烯-丙烯共聚物、四氟乙烯-偏二氟乙烯-丙烯共聚物、六氟丙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物、乙烯-六氟丙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物、氯三氟乙烯聚合物、乙烯-氯三氟乙烯共聚物、聚四氟乙烯、及丙烯-氯三氟乙烯共聚物组成的组中的至少1种。
[4]根据[1]~[3]中任一项所述的氟树脂的表面改性方法,其中,前述有机金属化合物包含选自由12族元素、13族元素及15族元素组成的组中的至少1种元素。
[5]根据[1]~[4]中任一项所述的氟树脂的表面改性方法,其中,前述有机金属化合物为选自由二烷基锌络合物及三烷基硼组成的组中的至少1种。
[6]根据[1]~[5]中任一项所述的氟树脂的表面改性方法,其中,前述有机金属化合物为选自由二乙基锌1,10-菲咯啉络合物、二乙基锌2,2’-联吡啶络合物及三丁基硼组成的组中的至少1种。
[7]根据[1]~[6]中任一项所述的氟树脂的表面改性方法,其中,前述自由基反应性化合物为选自由(甲基)丙烯酸、(甲基)丙烯酸酯、(甲基)丙烯腈、N-取代(甲基)丙烯酰胺、乙烯基酯、乙烯基醚、芳香族系乙烯基化合物及杂环系乙烯基化合物组成的组中的至少1种。
[8]根据[1]~[7]中任一项所述的氟树脂的表面改性方法,其中,使前述氟树脂与前述自由基反应性化合物在5~65℃的反应温度下反应。
[9]根据[1]~[8]中任一项所述的氟树脂的表面改性方法,其中,在前述有机金属化合物及助催化剂的存在下使前述氟树脂与前述自由基反应性化合物反应。
[10]根据[9]所述的氟树脂的表面改性方法,其中,前述助催化剂为分子氧。
发明的效果
通过本发明,可以提供能够在比以往更低的温度下接枝聚合的、氟树脂的表面改性方法。
另外,通过本发明,可以将自由基反应性化合物对氟树脂的表面的接枝率控制在更适宜的范围内。
另外,通过本发明,能够抑制氟树脂薄膜的变形且对氟树脂薄膜的表面进行改性。
附图说明
图1为示出例3的接枝聚合前后的ETFE薄膜的FT-IR测定结果的图表。
图2为示出例6的接枝聚合前后的ETFE薄膜的FT-IR测定结果的图表。
图3为示出例7的接枝聚合前后的ETFE薄膜的FT-IR测定结果的图表。
图4为示出例3、6、7的接枝聚合前后的ETFE薄膜的FT-IR测定结果的图表。
图5为示出例8的接枝聚合前后的PVDF薄膜的FT-IR测定结果的图表。
图6为示出例9的接枝聚合前后的ETFE薄膜的FT-IR测定结果的图表。
图7为示出例10的接枝聚合前后的ETFE薄膜的FT-IR测定结果的图表。
图8为示出例12的接枝聚合前后的ETFE薄膜的FT-IR测定结果的图表。
图9为示出例13的接枝聚合前后的PVDF薄膜的FT-IR测定结果的图表。
图10为示出例14的接枝聚合前后的PFA薄膜的FT-IR测定结果的图表。
图11为示出例15的接枝聚合前后的ETFE颗粒的FT-IR测定结果的图表。
图12为示出例17的接枝聚合前后的ETFE薄膜的FT-IR测定结果的图表。
图13为示出例17的接枝聚合前后的ETFE薄膜的外观的照片(左:接枝聚合前、右:接枝聚合后)。
图14为示出例18的接枝聚合前后的ETFE薄膜的FT-IR测定结果的图表。
图15为示出例18的接枝聚合后的ETFE薄膜的外观的照片。
图16为示出例20的接枝聚合前后的PFA薄膜的FT-IR测定结果的图表。
图17为示出例21的接枝聚合前后的ETFE薄膜的FT-IR测定结果的图表。
图18为示出例22(使用甲苯)、例23(不使用溶剂)的接枝聚合前后的PTFE薄膜的FT-IR测定结果的图表。
具体实施方式
使用“~”表示的数值范围包括“~”的两侧的数值。
“(甲基)丙烯酸”包括丙烯酸及甲基丙烯酸。同样地,“(甲基)丙烯酸酯”包括丙烯酸酯及甲基丙烯酸酯。另外,同样地,“(甲基)丙烯腈”包括丙烯腈及甲基丙烯腈。
[氟树脂的表面改性方法]
本发明的氟树脂的表面改性方法的特征在于,在有机金属化合物的存在下使氟树脂与自由基反应性化合物反应。
<氟树脂>
前述氟树脂为含有源自包含氟原子的烯烃的单元的聚合物。
前述氟树脂的具体例为:乙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物(ETFE)、全氟(烷基乙烯基醚)-四氟乙烯共聚物(PFA)、偏二氟乙烯聚合物(PVDF)、氟乙烯聚合物、偏二氟乙烯-六氟丙烯共聚物、四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯-偏二氟乙烯共聚物、四氟乙烯-丙烯共聚物、四氟乙烯-偏二氟乙烯-丙烯共聚物、六氟丙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物、乙烯-六氟丙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物、氯三氟乙烯聚合物、乙烯-氯三氟乙烯共聚物、聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)、及丙烯-氯三氟乙烯共聚物。
作为前述氟树脂,优选为选自由这些氟树脂组成的组中的至少1种,更优选为选自由ETFE、PFA、PVDF及PTFE组成的组中的至少1种,特别优选为ETFE。
ETFE、PFA及PVDF的机械强度、耐热性及成型性优异,可以用于广泛的用途。其中,ETFE为保持优异的耐化学药品性和电性质且兼具机械特性和成型加工性的、取得了平衡的氟树脂。
前述氟树脂的形状为薄膜状或颗粒状均可。
前述氟树脂为薄膜状时,薄膜的厚度优选为10~1000μm,更优选为12~500μm,进一步优选为15~200μm。薄膜的厚度在该范围内时,薄膜的强度与柔软性的平衡良好,因此容易处理,更容易发挥氟树脂的特性。
此处,氟树脂的薄膜的厚度为基于测微器的测定值。
前述氟树脂为颗粒状时,颗粒的平均粒径优选为0.1~1000μm,更优选为0.5~500μm,进一步优选为1~200μm。颗粒的平均粒径在该范围内时,加工性、处理容易度优异,更容易发挥氟树脂的特性。
此处,氟树脂的颗粒的平均粒径通过激光衍射/散射法等测定。
<自由基反应性化合物>
前述自由基反应性化合物为通过自由基链式反应进行聚合反应的化合物。
前述自由基反应性化合物的具体例为:(甲基)丙烯酸、(甲基)丙烯酸酯、(甲基)丙烯腈、N-取代(甲基)丙烯酰胺、乙烯基酯、乙烯基醚、芳香族系乙烯基化合物及杂环系乙烯基化合物。
作为前述自由基反应性化合物,优选选自由这些化合物组成的组中的至少1种,更优选选自由(甲基)丙烯酸、(甲基)丙烯酸甲酯、(甲基)丙烯酸乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-羟基乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-羟基丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、乙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、聚乙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、新戊二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、乙酸乙烯酯、丙酸乙烯酯、苯乙烯及N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮组成的组中的至少1种,进一步优选选自由(甲基)丙烯酸、(甲基)丙烯酸甲酯、(甲基)丙烯酸乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸缩水甘油酯及N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮组成的组中的至少1种,特别优选(甲基)丙烯酸甲酯。
丙烯酸系的化合物、例如(甲基)丙烯酸、(甲基)丙烯酸酯、(甲基)丙烯腈及N-取代(甲基)丙烯酰胺由于容易获得各种化合物且容易聚合,因此容易适宜选择与需要的表面状态相应的化合物,故优选。
对于前述自由基反应性化合物的用量,氟树脂为薄膜状时,优选平均每1m2被处理面的表面积为0.001~1000摩尔,优选为0.01~500摩尔,进一步优选为0.05~400摩尔。需要说明的是,制造时的规模大的情况下等,优选为0.001~50摩尔,更优选为0.01~20摩尔,进一步优选为0.05~10摩尔。氟树脂为颗粒状时,例如在平均粒径为1~100μm的颗粒的情况下,优选平均每1m2被处理面的表面积为0.0001~100摩尔,优选为0.001~50摩尔,进一步优选为0.01~10摩尔。
前述自由基反应性化合物的用量在该范围内时,能够以更短时间进行接枝聚合。
<有机金属化合物>
前述有机金属化合物在本发明的氟树脂的改性方法中作为自由基引发剂起作用。前述有机金属化合物能够在比以往更低的温度下、具体而言能够在65℃以下的温度下产生自由基。
作为前述有机金属化合物,优选包含选自由IUPAC(国际纯粹与应用化学联合会)周期表的12族元素、13族元素及15族元素组成的组中的至少1种元素。前述12族元素的例子为锌、镉及汞,前述13族元素的例子为硼及铝,前述15族元素的例子为锑。
作为前述有机金属化合物,更优选选自由二烷基锌络合物及三烷基硼组成的组中的至少一种。作为二烷基锌络合物及三烷基硼的烷基,优选碳数1~6的烷基,其中优选乙基及丁基。作为二烷基锌络合物及三烷基硼,进一步优选选自由二乙基锌1,10-菲咯啉络合物、二乙基锌2,2’-联吡啶络合物及三丁基硼组成的组中的至少1种,特别优选二乙基锌1,10-菲咯啉络合物。
二烷基锌络合物及三烷基硼的状态根据烷基的碳数、温度范围而不同。例如在反应温度范围中,二乙基锌1,10-菲咯啉络合物为固体、三丁基硼为液体。液体的情况下可以直接用于反应,也可用溶剂稀释并用于反应。固体的情况下可以用溶剂稀释并用于反应,自由基反应性化合物为液体的情况下可以直接用于反应。直接用于反应时,由于未被稀释,因此反应容易进行。
二烷基锌络合物及三烷基硼即使在50℃以下的低温下也能以24小时以下的短时间进行接枝聚合。
另外,对于三烷基硼而言,即使改变自由基反应性化合物、氟树脂的种类,也容易进行接枝聚合,因此优选作为自由基引发剂。
有机金属化合物可以购买市售品而使用,或可以通过以往公知的合成方法合成而使用。例如,二乙基锌1,10-菲咯啉络合物(Phen-DEZ)可以通过后述实施例记载的方法合成。
相对于前述自由基反应性化合物1mol,前述有机金属化合物的用量优选为0.001~1摩尔,更优选为0.001~0.5摩尔,进一步优选为0.005~0.05摩尔。
<助催化剂>
本发明的氟树脂的改性方法中,可以在前述有机金属化合物及助催化剂的存在下使前述氟树脂与前述自由基反应性化合物反应。
使用前述助催化剂时,能够促进或调节源自前述有机金属化合物的自由基生成。
前述助催化剂的例子为金属氧化物、醇、醌类、对苯二酚类、氧、二硫化碳、胺、水及过氧化氢。
作为前述助催化剂,优选选自由这些化合物组成的组中的至少1种,更优选氧,进一步优选分子氧(O2)。
将氧用作助催化剂时,自由基生成反应更高效地进行,即使在65℃以下的低温下,也能以更短时间进行接枝反应。
<溶剂>
本发明的氟树脂的改性方法中,也可使用溶剂。
对于前述溶剂,只要能够溶解或分散前述有机金属化合物、前述自由基反应性化合物、使用时的前述助催化剂,就没有特别限定。
作为前述溶剂,优选能够溶解或分散前述有机金属化合物,可以根据前述有机金属化合物的种类进行适宜选择。
例如,前述有机金属化合物为二烷基锌络合物时,优选甲苯、二甲苯等非极性溶剂。
使用溶剂时的二烷基锌络合物的浓度并无特别限定,优选为0.01~5.0M,更优选为0.02~3.0M,进一步优选为0.05~2.0M。
另外,例如前述有机金属化合物为三烷基硼时,优选:将前述三烷基硼溶解于己烷等非极性的有机溶剂后,与包含表面活性剂的水混合,以水包油型乳液的形式使用。前述表面活性剂可以使用十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)等。前述表面活性剂的浓度并无特别限定,优选为0.001~5.0质量%,更优选为0.005~3.0质量%,进一步优选为0.01~1.0质量%。
使用溶剂时的三烷基硼的浓度并无特别限定,优选为0.01~5.0M,更优选为0.02~3.0M,进一步优选为0.05~2.0M。
前述溶剂的用量并无特别限定,但过多时,前述有机金属化合物及前述自由基反应性化合物的浓度会降低,因此反应速度会变小,不优选。
本发明的氟树脂的改性方法中,若前述有机金属化合物在反应温度范围内为液体,则理想的是不使用溶剂。
<反应条件>
反应温度优选为65℃以下,更优选为60℃以下,进一步优选为55℃以下。反应温度的下限并无特别限定,通常为0℃,优选为5℃。
反应时间优选为0.1~36小时,更优选为0.2~24小时,进一步优选为0.5~18小时,特别优选为1~12小时。反应时间可以根据前述有机金属化合物及前述自由基反应性化合物的种类及量、反应温度等适宜设定。
反应气氛优选非氧化气氛。非氧化气氛优选氩气气氛、氮气气氛或氢气气氛。通过在非氧化气氛下进行接枝反应,从而能够进一步抑制副产物的生成。
<接枝率>
通过本发明的氟树脂的表面改性方法而实现的接枝率通常为0.0005~25%,优选为0.001~20%,更优选为0.001~10%。
此处,接枝率通过下式求出。
接枝率(%)={(表面改性后的氟树脂的质量-表面改性前的氟树脂的质量)/表面改性前的氟树脂的质量}×100(%)
[表面改性氟树脂]
通过本发明的氟树脂的表面改性方法得到的表面改性氟树脂(以下称作“本发明的表面改性氟树脂”。)在氟树脂的表面接枝有自由基反应性化合物。
与未处理的氟树脂的表面相比,本发明的表面改性氟树脂的表面的表面特性发生变化。
具体而言,本发明的表面改性氟树脂的表面相对于水的接触角(以下有时简称作“水接触角”。)比未处理的氟树脂的表面的水接触角小。
本发明的表面改性氟树脂的表面的水接触角通常小于95°,优选为90°以下,更优选为80°以下,进一步优选为70°以下。
此处,水接触角是如下值:在25℃、50%RH的条件下,使用接触角测定装置(Testing Machines Inc.制PGX)测定置于基材表面的、约2μL的蒸馏水的接触角而得到的值。
另外,本发明的表面改性氟树脂的吸水量比未处理的氟树脂的吸水量大。
本发明的表面改性氟树脂的吸水量以1g本发明的表面改性树脂能够吸收的水的克数表示,优选为0.05g/g以上,更优选为0.1g/g以上,进一步优选为0.4g/g以上。吸水量的上限并无特别限定,通常为1g/g。
吸水量(g/g)通过下式计算。
吸水量(g/g)=(吸水后的氟树脂的质量-吸水前的氟树脂的质量)/吸水前的氟树脂的质量(g/g)
本发明的氟树脂的表面改性方法中,在氟树脂的表面接枝自由基反应性化合物,因此为了增大吸水量,优选增大平均每1kg氟树脂的表面积。例如,使用颗粒状的氟树脂、减少颗粒的平均粒径时,可以增大平均每1kg的表面积。
实施例
以下,通过实施例对本发明进行更具体的说明。本发明并不限定于后述的实施例,只要不改变本发明的主旨,就能够进行各种变形。
需要说明的是,例1~15、19~23相当于实施例,例16~18相当于比较例。
实施例中使用的缩写如下。
·氟树脂
ETFE···乙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物
PVDF···偏二氟乙烯聚合物
PFA···全氟(烷基乙烯基醚)-四氟乙烯共聚物
PTFE···聚四氟乙烯
·引发剂
Phen-DEZ···二乙基锌1,10-菲咯啉络合物
TBB···三丁基硼
BPO···磷酸硼
AIBN···偶氮二异丁腈
·自由基反应性化合物
MMA···甲基丙烯酸甲酯
GMA···甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯
VP···乙烯基吡咯烷酮
AA···丙烯酸
[Phen-DEZ的合成]
在氩气气氛下,在50mL的两口烧瓶中添加1,10-菲咯啉1.08g及己烷15mL,在23℃下搅拌。然后,在烧瓶内滴加二乙基锌0.7mL,进而搅拌24小时。搅拌后,过滤析出的红橙色的粉末状固体,真空干燥12小时,得到1,10-菲咯啉-二乙基锌络合物(Phen-DEZ)1.64g(收率85%)。
[例1]
接枝聚合在氩气气氛下进行。将10mm×10mm的ETFE薄膜(Fluon(注册商标)ETFE、AGC株式会社制;厚度100μm)浸渍于混合有Phen-DEZ0.40mmol(120mg)及MMA 40mmol的反应液中。边搅拌边添加与Phen-DEZ等摩尔(0.40mmol)的分子氧(O2),在23℃下继续搅拌18小时。将ETFE薄膜提起,为了去除未接枝的MMA,使用氯仿进行12小时索氏提取。通过基于傅立叶变换红外光谱法(FT-IR)的测定(测定条件后述),能够确认到源自MMA的C=O吸收峰。另外,通过基于扫描电子显微镜-能量色散X射线分析法(SEM-EDX)的测定,能够在聚合物表面确认到O原子的峰。
对于接枝率,通过基于FT-IR的测定确认到源自MMA的C=O的吸收峰后,通过下述式计算。
接枝率(%)={(表面改性后的氟树脂的质量-表面改性前的氟树脂的质量)/表面改性前的氟树脂的质量}×100(%),例1中,“表面改性后的氟树脂”含义为接枝聚合后的ETFE薄膜,“表面改性前的氟树脂”含义为接枝聚合前的ETFE薄膜。
对于FT-IR的测定,使用日本分光株式会社制FT/IR-480plus,利用透射法测定。
[例2~4]
如表1所示地变更了反应温度及反应时间,除此以外与例1同样地进行接枝聚合。
计算接枝率,示于表1的“接枝率”一栏。
对于例4,求出进行了表面改性的ETFE薄膜的表面的水接触角。将结果示于表1的“水接触角”一栏。
水接触角的测定方法按照上述的方法。
图1~4示出例3、6、7的接枝聚合前后的ETFE薄膜的FT-IR测定结果。
[例5]
使用甲苯2.0mL作为溶剂,除此以外与例4同样地进行接枝聚合。
计算接枝率,示于表1的“接枝率”一栏。
[例6、7]
将自由基反应性化合物变更为表1所示的GMA或VP,将反应温度及反应时间变更为表1所示,除此以外与例1同样地进行接枝聚合。
计算接枝率,示于表1的“接枝率”一栏。
[例8]
使用PVDF薄膜(Kynar(注册商标)PVDF、ARKEMA公司制;厚度130μm)代替ETFE薄膜,将反应温度及反应时间变更为如表1所示,除此以外与例1同样地进行接枝聚合。
计算接枝率,示于表1的“接枝率”一栏。
例8中,PVDF薄膜的厚度在接枝聚合前为120μm,在接枝聚合后增加至130μm。
图5示出例8的接枝聚合前后的PVDF薄膜的FT-IR测定结果。
[例9~11]
以表1示出的量使用TBB(浓度0.1M的己烷溶液)代替Phen-DEZ,以表1示出的量使用VP作为自由基反应性化合物,以表1示出的量使用SDS水溶液(100mL的水溶液中包含20g的SDS)作为溶剂,如表1所示地变更了反应温度及反应时间,除此以外与例1同样地进行接枝聚合。
对于例11,将计算出的接枝率示于表1的“接枝率”一栏。
图6示出例9的接枝聚合前后的ETFE薄膜的FT-IR测定结果。
图7示出例10的接枝聚合前后的ETFE薄膜的FT-IR测定结果。
[例12~14]
如表1所示使用ETFE薄膜、PVDF薄膜或PFA薄膜(Fluon(注册商标)PFA、AGC株式会社制;厚度100μm),以表1示出的量使用TBB(浓度1.0M的己烷溶液)代替Phen-DEZ,将反应温度及反应条件变更为如表1所示,除此以外与例1同样地进行接枝聚合。
将计算出的接枝率示于表1的“接枝率”一栏。
例12中,ETFE薄膜的厚度在接枝聚合前为100μm,在接枝聚合后增加至120μm。
例13中,PVDF薄膜的厚度在接枝聚合前为120μm,在接枝聚合后增加至132μm。
例14中,PFA薄膜的厚度在接枝聚合前为100μm,在接枝聚合后增加至105μm。
图8示出例12的接枝聚合前后的ETFE薄膜的FT-IR测定结果。
图9示出例13的接枝聚合前后的PVDF薄膜的FT-IR测定结果。
图11示出例14的接枝聚合前后的PFA薄膜的FT-IR测定结果。
[例15]
接枝聚合在氩气气氛下进行。将215mg的ETFE粉末(Fluon(注册商标)ETFE C-88AXX、AGC株式会社制、平均粒径100μm)装入烧瓶中,添加Phen-DEZ 120mg、MMA 3.77g、溶剂。边搅拌边添加与Phen-DEZ等摩尔量的氧,在50℃下继续搅拌24小时。过滤ETFE粉末,为了去除未接枝的聚合物,使用氯仿进行12小时索氏提取。根据FT-IR的测定结果,可以确认到源自PMMA的C=O吸收峰。另外,根据SEM-EDX的测定,在聚合物表面可以确认到O原子的峰。
图11示出例15的接枝聚合前后的ETFE颗粒的FT-IR测定结果。
[例16]
不对10mm×10mm的ETFE薄膜(Fluon(注册商标)ETFE、AGC株式会社制;厚度100μm)进行表面改性并使用。
将测定的水接触角示于表1的“水接触角”一栏。
将通过下式计算的吸水量示于表1的“吸水量”一栏。
吸水量(g/g)=(吸水后的氟树脂的质量-吸水前的氟树脂的质量)/吸水前的氟树脂的质量
[例17、18]
如表1所示使用BPO或AIBN作为引发剂,将自由基反应性化合物(MMA)及溶剂(甲苯)的用量设为表1示出的量,未使用助催化剂(O2),以及将反应温度及反应时间变更为如表1所示,除此以外与例1同样地进行接枝聚合。
将计算出的接枝率示于表1的“接枝率”一栏。
图12示出例17的接枝聚合前后的ETFE薄膜的FT-IR测定结果。
图13示出例17的接枝聚合前后的ETFE薄膜的外观(左:接枝聚合前、右:接枝聚合后)。
图14示出例18的接枝聚合前后的ETFE薄膜的FT-IR测定结果。
图15示出例18的接枝聚合后的ETFE薄膜的外观。
[例19、20]
例19中,除未使用助催化剂(O2)以外,与例14同样地进行接枝聚合。将计算出的接枝率示于表1的“接枝率”一栏。
例20中,除使用6.0mL甲苯作为溶剂以外,与例14同样地进行接枝聚合。将计算出的接枝率示于表1的“接枝率”一栏。
[例21]
例21中,如表1所示,将自由基反应性化合物变更为表1所示的GMA,以表1示出的量使用TBB(浓度1.0M的己烷溶液)代替Phen-DEZ,使用4.0mL甲苯作为溶剂,将反应温度及反应时间变更为如表1所示,除此以外与例1同样地进行接枝聚合。将计算出的接枝率示于表1的“接枝率”一栏。
[例22、23]
如表1所示使用PTFE薄膜(7-358-02NAFLON(注册商标)带(PTFE)、NICHIASCorporation制;厚度0.1mm)),以表1示出的量使用TBB(浓度1.0M的己烷溶液)代替Phen-DEZ,将反应温度及反应条件变更为如表1所示,除此以外与例1同样地进行接枝聚合。
将计算出的接枝率示于表1的“接枝率”一栏。
图16示出例20的接枝聚合前后的PFA薄膜的FT-IR测定结果。
图17示出例21的接枝聚合前后的ETFE薄膜的FT-IR测定结果。
图18示出例22(使用甲苯)、例23(不使用溶剂)的接枝聚合前后的PTFE薄膜的FT-IR测定结果。
[表1]
需要说明的是,表1中的*1~*3如下。
TBB*1:TBB的0.1M浓度的正己烷溶液
TBB*2:TBB的1M浓度的正己烷溶液
SDS水溶液*3:SDS(十二烷基硫酸钠)的0.2质量%浓度的水溶液
[结果的说明]
相当于实施例的例1~15、19~23能够以65℃以下的低温进行基于接枝聚合的氟树脂的表面改性。氟树脂的薄膜未确认到翘曲等外观上的变化。
相当于比较例的例17、18以70℃以上的高温进行了基于接枝聚合的氟树脂的表面改性,但接枝率过高,因此薄膜确认到翘曲。
相当于比较例的例16为未处理的ETFE薄膜。水接触角为95°,表面的亲水性低。另外,吸水量为0.029g/g,吸水性低。
相当于实施例的例4中,能够将水接触角减小至66°,亲水性提高。
相当于实施例的例11中,能够将吸水量增大至0.473g/g,吸水性提高。
需要说明的是,将2019年9月27日申请的日本专利申请2019-177652号的说明书、权利要求书、附图及说明书摘要的全部内容引用于此,作为本发明的说明书的公开内容并入。
Claims (10)
1.一种氟树脂的表面改性方法,其中,在有机金属化合物的存在下使氟树脂与自由基反应性化合物反应。
2.根据权利要求1所述的氟树脂的表面改性方法,其中,所述氟树脂为薄膜状或颗粒状。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的氟树脂的表面改性方法,其中,所述氟树脂为选自由乙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物、全氟(烷基乙烯基醚)-四氟乙烯共聚物、偏二氟乙烯聚合物、氟乙烯聚合物、偏二氟乙烯-六氟丙烯共聚物、四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯-偏二氟乙烯共聚物、四氟乙烯-丙烯共聚物、四氟乙烯-偏二氟乙烯-丙烯共聚物、六氟丙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物、乙烯-六氟丙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物、氯三氟乙烯聚合物、乙烯-氯三氟乙烯共聚物、聚四氟乙烯、及丙烯-氯三氟乙烯共聚物组成的组中的至少一种。
4.根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述的氟树脂的表面改性方法,其中,所述有机金属化合物包含选自由12族元素、13族元素及15族元素组成的组中的至少一种元素。
5.根据权利要求1~4中任一项所述的氟树脂的表面改性方法,其中,所述有机金属化合物为选自由二烷基锌络合物及三烷基硼组成的组中的至少一种。
6.根据权利要求1~5中任一项所述的氟树脂的表面改性方法,其中,所述有机金属化合物为选自由二乙基锌1,10-菲咯啉络合物、二乙基锌2,2’-联吡啶络合物及三丁基硼组成的组中的至少一种。
7.根据权利要求1~6中任一项所述的氟树脂的表面改性方法,其中,所述自由基反应性化合物为选自由(甲基)丙烯酸、(甲基)丙烯酸酯、(甲基)丙烯腈、N-取代(甲基)丙烯酰胺、乙烯基酯、乙烯基醚、芳香族系乙烯基化合物及杂环系乙烯基化合物组成的组中的至少一种。
8.根据权利要求1~7中任一项所述的氟树脂的表面改性方法,其中,使所述氟树脂与所述自由基反应性化合物在5~65℃的反应温度下反应。
9.根据权利要求1~8中任一项所述的氟树脂的表面改性方法,其中,在所述有机金属化合物及助催化剂的存在下使所述氟树脂与所述自由基反应性化合物反应。
10.根据权利要求9所述的氟树脂的表面改性方法,其中,所述助催化剂为分子氧。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2019177652 | 2019-09-27 | ||
JP2019-177652 | 2019-09-27 | ||
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CN118126399A (zh) * | 2024-03-28 | 2024-06-04 | 南通市志成科技有限公司 | 一种用于半导体封装的etfe薄膜的制备方法 |
CN118126399B (zh) * | 2024-03-28 | 2024-08-06 | 南通市志成科技有限公司 | 一种用于半导体封装的etfe薄膜的制备方法 |
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