CN114455990A - Selenium-rich corn hydroponic method - Google Patents
Selenium-rich corn hydroponic method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114455990A CN114455990A CN202011202931.1A CN202011202931A CN114455990A CN 114455990 A CN114455990 A CN 114455990A CN 202011202931 A CN202011202931 A CN 202011202931A CN 114455990 A CN114455990 A CN 114455990A
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- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
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- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
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- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
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- 229940010552 ammonium molybdate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 4
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- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
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- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011684 sodium molybdate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 235000015393 sodium molybdate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- TVXXNOYZHKPKGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium molybdate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O TVXXNOYZHKPKGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229940091258 selenium supplement Drugs 0.000 claims description 41
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- BVTBRVFYZUCAKH-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium selenite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Se]([O-])=O BVTBRVFYZUCAKH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000011781 sodium selenite Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229960001471 sodium selenite Drugs 0.000 claims description 21
- 235000015921 sodium selenite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003501 hydroponics Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 16
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229930002875 chlorophyll Natural products 0.000 description 6
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- ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M chlorophyll a Chemical compound C1([C@@H](C(=O)OC)C(=O)C2=C3C)=C2N2C3=CC(C(CC)=C3C)=[N+]4C3=CC3=C(C=C)C(C)=C5N3[Mg-2]42[N+]2=C1[C@@H](CCC(=O)OC\C=C(/C)CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@H](C)C2=C5 ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 6
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- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Hydroponics (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a selenium-rich nutrient solution for hydroponic selenium-rich corn and a hydroponic method thereof. The selenium-rich nutrient solution comprises a complete nutrient solution and an additive; the complete nutrient solution has the following solutes and concentrations: 950mg/L-952mg/L of calcium nitrate, 808mg/L-810mg/L of potassium nitrate, 500mg/L-502mg/L of magnesium sulfate, 152mg/L-155mg/L of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 15mg/L-25mg/L of EDTA iron sodium salt, 3mg/L-3.01mg/L of boric acid, 2mg/L-2.2mg/L of manganese sulfate, 0.22mg/L-0.23mg/L of zinc sulfate, 0.050mg/L-0.51mg/L of copper sulfate and 0.02mg/L-0.022mg/L of sodium molybdate or ammonium molybdate. The water culture method comprises the following steps: transplanting the corn seedlings into a water culture tank containing selenium-rich nutrient solution for culture. The method for producing the corn does not need soil and is not influenced by seasons, the preparation of the nutrient solution can accurately control the components of the nutrient solution, the root system of the corn is isolated from the soil to prevent diseases and pests from invading and avoid continuous cropping obstacles of the soil, and the corn achieves the selenium-rich effect by adding different gradient selenium.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural cultivation, and particularly relates to a selenium-rich corn hydroponic method.
Background
Corn and annual grassy plants of the gramineae are always praised as long-life food, contain rich protein, fat, vitamins, trace elements, cellulose and the like, and have great potential for developing high-nutrition and high-biological function food; the cold resistance and drought resistance are good, and the environment adaptability is good. The mode of adopting the water planting can effectively completely cut off the contact of corn root system and soil, reduces the emergence of plant diseases and insect pests. Selenium is one of the essential trace elements for human growth and development, and can not only improve human immunity, but also prevent cancer, delay senility, inhibit oxidation, etc. Inorganic selenium is very toxic when being directly taken, so that selenium can be supplemented into plants in a reasonable mode to improve the selenium content of the plants and agricultural products. The selenium supplement is most economical, safe and effective for human body through food chain.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a water culture method of selenium-enriched corns, which is simple and feasible and is rich in trace selenium elements by matching a water culture technology with a nutrient solution and adding sodium selenite.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
one aspect of the invention provides a selenium-rich nutrient solution for hydroponic selenium-rich corn.
The selenium-rich nutrient solution for hydroponic selenium-rich corn provided by the invention comprises a complete nutrient solution and an additive; the complete nutrient solution consists of solute and solvent water (preferably distilled water); the solutes and their concentrations in the corn hydroponics nutrient solution are as follows: 950mg/L-952mg/L of calcium nitrate, 808mg/L-810mg/L of potassium nitrate, 500mg/L-502mg/L of magnesium sulfate, 152mg/L-155mg/L of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 15mg/L-25mg/L of EDTA iron sodium salt, 3mg/L-3.01mg/L of boric acid, 2mg/L-2.2mg/L of manganese sulfate, 0.22mg/L-0.23mg/L of zinc sulfate, 0.050mg/L-0.51mg/L of copper sulfate and 0.02mg/L-0.022mg/L of sodium molybdate or ammonium molybdate.
The additive is a) or b) as follows: a) sodium selenite; b) sodium selenite and humic acid.
The addition amount of sodium selenite in the complete nutrient solution is 5mg/L-15mg/L, and the preferable addition amount is 5mg/L-10 mg/L; the specific addition amount can be 5mg/L, 10mg/L and 15 mg/L.
The pH value of the selenium-rich nutrient solution is about 6.3-6.5.
The addition amount of humic acid in the complete nutrient solution is 1.25 g/L.
In another aspect, the invention provides a method for water culture of selenium-enriched corn.
The invention provides a selenium-rich corn hydroponic method, which comprises the following steps: and (3) protecting the roots of the bred corn seedlings with uniform growth vigor by using a sponge, and then transplanting the corn seedlings into a water culture tank containing the selenium-rich nutrient solution for culture.
The culture time is 20-25 days, specifically 23 days.
The pH value of the nutrient solution is periodically measured during the culture process, and the pH value of the nutrient solution is maintained at about 6.5.
The corn seedling can be obtained by the following method (pre-seed treatment): soaking corn seeds in water at 45-46 ℃ for 8-10 hours, stirring once every two hours, wherein the height of the water surface exceeds the height of the corn seeds by 4-5 cm; and fishing out the soaked seeds, putting every five seeds into a seedling growing paper, rolling up, putting into a large beaker, adding water, changing water once a day for about 10-15 days, and transplanting when the height of the corn seedlings reaches 7-8 cm.
As a preferred technical scheme: the root system of the corn plant can be protected by using the seedling raising paper to raise seedlings, and the corn seedlings can be promoted to grow.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the preparation of the nutrient solution can accurately control the components of the nutrient solution, and can solve the problem of unbalanced consumption of nutrient elements in soil; the operation is simple and easy, and the method is suitable for popularization; can make corn richly contain beneficial element selenium.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the height status of corn plants in different treatment rooms.
FIG. 2 variation of chlorophyll content between different treatments.
FIG. 3 variation of individual plant weight between different treatments.
FIG. 4 total nitrogen content variation of maize plants under different treatments.
FIG. 5 variation of total phosphorus content of maize plants under different treatments.
FIG. 6 Total potassium content of maize plants varied under different treatments.
FIG. 7 Total selenium content of maize plants varied under different treatments.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples. The method is a conventional method unless otherwise specified. The starting materials are commercially available from the open literature unless otherwise specified.
Embodiment 1, a selenium-rich water culture method for corn
1. Test materials and methods
1.1 test materials:
corn seed and nutrient solution
The corn seeds are put into a big beaker filled with distilled water of 45 ℃ and soaked for 8-10 hours, the stirring is carried out once every two hours, and the height of the water surface exceeds the seeds by 4-5 cm. And fishing out the soaked seeds, putting every five seeds into a seedling growing paper, rolling up, putting into a large beaker, adding water, changing water once a day, and transplanting after the corn seedlings grow for 13 days.
The complete nutrient solution consists of solute and distilled water; the solutes and their concentrations in the corn hydroponics nutrient solution are as follows: 950mg/L-952mg/L of calcium nitrate, 808mg/L-810mg/L of potassium nitrate, 500mg/L-502mg/L of magnesium sulfate, 152mg/L-155mg/L of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 15mg/L-25mg/L of EDTA iron sodium salt, 3mg/L-3.01mg/L of boric acid, 2mg/L-2.2mg/L of manganese sulfate, 0.22mg/L-0.23mg/L of zinc sulfate, 0.050mg/L-0.51mg/L of copper sulfate and 0.02mg/L-0.022mg/L of sodium molybdate or ammonium molybdate.
1.2 experimental design: a total of 8 treatments were set up for this experiment, with 3 replicates. 4.5L hydroponic grooves, three corn plants in each hydroponic groove, and 3 groups of treatment repetition in each 9 hydroponic grooves. Adding additives with different dosages into the prepared complete nutrient solution. The additive is humic acid and sodium selenite. Humic acid is set to be 5.00g/4.5L (complete nutrient solution), and sodium selenite is set to be 5mg/L, 10mg/L and 15mg/L in concentration gradient. Treatment 1: complete nutrient solution (root application); and (3) treatment 2: complete nutrient solution + sodium selenite 5mg/L (root application); and (3) treatment: complete nutrient solution + sodium selenite 10mg/L (root application); and (4) treatment: complete nutrient solution + sodium selenite 15mg/L (root application); and (4) treatment 5: complete nutrient solution and 5.00g/4.5L of humic acid (root application); and (6) treatment: complete nutrient solution, 5.00g/4.5L of humic acid and 5mg/L of sodium selenite (applied by roots); and (7) treatment: complete nutrient solution, 5.00g/4.5L of humic acid and 10mg/L of sodium selenite (applied by roots); and (4) treatment 8: complete nutrient solution, 5.00g/4.5L of humic acid and 15mg/L of sodium selenite (applied by roots). Adding additives with different dosages into the prepared complete nutrient solution, filling into a water culture tank (4.5L), and adjusting pH to about 6.5 with potassium hydroxide solution. The pH value of the nutrient solution is periodically measured during the culture so as to be maintained at about 6.5.
1.3 field planting: transplanting the cultured corn seedlings with uniform growth vigor to a water culture tank for culture by using sponges at roots.
1.4 measurement method: measuring plant height and chlorophyll after the corn is cultivated for 23 days; repeatedly loading the eight groups of corn plants into three file bags respectively, and measuring the biomass; and drying the harvested corn plants, and then measuring the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and selenium contents of the plants.
2. Results and analysis
2.1 growth trends and nutrient changes in maize between different treatments
The influence of the addition of sodium selenite and humic acid in the nutrient solution on the plant height of the maize plants is shown in figure 1: the plant height of the corn plant is reduced along with the increase of the selenium application amount; the plant height of the corn plants added with the humic acid is lower than that of the corn plants not added with the humic acid. Compared with the treatment 1, the treatment without adding humic acid has obvious difference through analysis of the formula; compared with treatment 5, the difference of each treatment added with humic acid reaches a significant level through analysis of variance. The sodium selenite added into the water culture nutrient solution is proved to inhibit the growth of the plant height of the corn plants.
The influence of the addition of sodium selenite and humic acid in the nutrient solution on the chlorophyll content of corn is shown in fig. 2: chlorophyll content among the treatments without addition of humic acid is not obvious in difference level through analysis of formula difference; compared with the content of chlorophyll of corn which is not added, the difference of each treatment which is added with humic acid reaches a significant level through analysis of variance. The addition of humic acid in the water culture nutrient solution is proved to reduce the content of chlorophyll in the corn plants.
The fresh weight of the corn plant can reflect the growth condition of the overground part of the corn to a certain extent. As can be seen from fig. 3, treatment 2 did not differ significantly from treatment 1, and treatment 3 and treatment 4 did differ significantly from treatment 1 by the variance analysis, wherein the plant fresh weight of treatment 3 and treatment 4 was reduced by 39.9% and 60.1% respectively compared to treatment 1. The fresh weight of the corn plants treated by adding humic acid 6 and treated by adding humic acid 7 is obviously lower than that of the corn plants treated by treating 2 and treating 3, the whole trend is that the growth of the fresh weight of the corn plants is inhibited by adding humic acid.
The total nitrogen content of maize plants under different treatments varied as shown in figure 4. FIG. 4 shows that: with the increase of selenium application amount, the total nitrogen content in the corn plants is reduced. The highest total nitrogen content in the corn body is 5 percent of the treatment, the nitrogen content reaches 43.80g/kg, and the nitrogen content is increased by 4.7 percent compared with the treatment 1 without humic acid. The test results show that selenium application inhibits the increase of total nitrogen content in corn plants.
The total phosphorus content of maize plants under different treatments varied as shown in figure 5. FIG. 5 shows that: the whole trend is increased along with the selenium application amount, the phosphorus content in the corn plant body is reduced, and the difference reaches a remarkable level through analysis of variance after the treatment of the added humic acid compared with that without the addition. The test result shows that the addition of humic acid can promote the accumulation of phosphorus content in corn plants.
The change in total potassium content of maize plants under different treatments is shown in figure 6. FIG. 6 shows that: with the increase of selenium application amount, the total potassium content in the corn plant body is gradually reduced; compared with the treatment without the humic acid, the difference is not obvious through analysis of variance. The test result shows that the addition of humic acid has no significant effect on the total potassium content in the corn plants.
The influence of the addition of sodium selenite and humic acid in the nutrient solution on the plant height of maize plants is shown in figure 7: the content of total selenium in the corn plants can be obviously improved by adding sodium selenite into the nutrient solution, and the content is increased along with the increase of selenium application amount. Variance analysis shows that the difference reaches a significant level. Compared with the treatment without humic acid, the treatment 5 was not significantly different from the treatment 1, the treatment 6 was not significantly different from the treatment 2, the treatment 7 was significantly different from the treatment 3, and the treatment 8 was significantly different from the treatment 4. Test results show that the content of total selenium in corn plants can be reduced by adding humic acid with high selenium applying amount compared with that without adding humic acid.
In conclusion, as the selenium concentration increases, the weight of each plant of corn tends to decrease. Overall, it can be seen that the appropriate selenium concentration promotes the corn plant weight and phosphorus content. The application of humic acid can improve the plant height, the single plant weight and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents of the corn.
Claims (8)
1. A selenium-rich nutrient solution for hydroponic selenium-rich corn comprises complete nutrient solution and additive; the complete nutrient solution consists of solute and distilled water; the solutes and their concentrations in the complete nutrient solution are as follows: 950mg/L-952mg/L of calcium nitrate, 808mg/L-810mg/L of potassium nitrate, 500mg/L-502mg/L of magnesium sulfate, 152mg/L-155mg/L of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 15mg/L-25mg/L of EDTA iron sodium salt, 3mg/L-3.01mg/L of boric acid, 2mg/L-2.2mg/L of manganese sulfate, 0.22mg/L-0.23mg/L of zinc sulfate, 0.050mg/L-0.51mg/L of copper sulfate and 0.02mg/L-0.022mg/L of sodium molybdate or ammonium molybdate;
the additive is a) or b) as follows: a) sodium selenite; b) sodium selenite and humic acid.
The addition amount of sodium selenite in the complete nutrient solution is 5mg/L-15 mg/L.
2. The selenium-enriched nutrient solution of claim 1, wherein: the addition amount of sodium selenite in the complete nutrient solution is 5mg/L-10 mg/L.
3. A selenium-enriched nutrient solution as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the addition amount of humic acid in the complete nutrient solution is 1.25 g/L.
4. A selenium-enriched nutrient solution as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the pH value of the selenium-enriched nutrient solution is 6.3-6.5.
5. A method for selenium-enriched corn hydroponics comprises the following steps: cultivating corn seedlings with uniform growth vigor, protecting the roots of the corn seedlings by using sponges, and then transplanting the corn seedlings into a water culture tank containing the selenium-rich nutrient solution as defined in any one of claims 1 to 4 for culture.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein: the culture time is 20-25 days.
7. The method according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that: and the pH value of the nutrient solution is periodically measured in the culture process, and the pH value of the selenium-enriched nutrient solution is maintained at 6.3-6.5.
8. The method according to any one of claims 5-7, wherein: the corn seedling can be obtained by the following method: soaking corn seeds in water at 45-46 ℃ for 8-10 hours, stirring once every two hours, wherein the height of the water surface exceeds the height of the corn seeds by 4-5 cm; and fishing out the soaked seeds, putting every five seeds into a seedling growing paper, rolling up, putting into a large beaker, adding water, changing water once a day, and transplanting when the height of the corn seedlings reaches 7-8 cm.
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| CN202011202931.1A CN114455990A (en) | 2020-11-02 | 2020-11-02 | Selenium-rich corn hydroponic method |
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