CN114410154A - 一种超疏水金属网膜及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种超疏水金属网膜及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种超疏水金属网膜及其制备方法和应用,属于环保新材料领域。本发明制备的超疏水金属网膜涂覆有超疏水涂层,该涂层利用疏水性胶黏树脂作为中间层,强力粘结超疏水涂层及金属网膜基底,并以该胶黏层作为耐磨缓冲层强化超疏水网膜的机械耐久性,同时通过对金属网膜基底进行预粗糙化处理来增强网膜和涂层间的机械锚定效应并以此进一步增强涂层与金属基底间的结合力,制备出的网膜具有优异的油水分离性能及耐磨性能,以此金属网膜制备出的超疏水滤芯可用于油水混合物的高效分离,在含油污水处理工程中具有广阔的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及环保新材料技术领域,特别是一种超疏水金属网膜及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
随着仿生科学的不断发展,对水/油具有不同润湿性从而可以选择性的让油/水通过的超浸润网膜因其高效的分离表现和良好的规模化能力在含油污水治理领域受到了广泛关注。超浸润网膜主要分为“油过水不过”(超疏水超亲油网膜)和“水过油不过”(超亲水水下疏油/超亲水超疏油)两种存在方式,其中,超疏水/超亲油材料构造原理相对简单,且具有良好的分离效果而在含油污水处理领域大放异彩。近年来,随着国家治理水体污染和促进资源回收利用的力度加大,越来越多的超疏水网膜因其优越的分离性能与环保性而被广泛应用在含油污水的精细化回收处理中。但目前,行业内使用的超疏水超亲油金属网膜耐久性较差,在实际的服役过程中网膜上的涂层极易在外界应力如水流冲击、大颗粒杂质摩擦碰撞等影响下产生脱落,极易导致网膜的失效,影响污水处理工程的作业效率,也带来极大的环境风险与经济损失。目前学术界关于提高超疏水超亲油分离膜耐久性的研究有很多,但基本都存在制备工艺复杂,成本居高不下的问题,此外所制备的分离膜在复杂环境下的化学稳定性也有待提升。
因此,为了解决石化、食品、制造等行业对于高效耐久含油污水分离器具的迫切需要,一种高效耐久的超疏水超亲油金属网膜的研发显得尤为重要。
发明内容
解决的技术问题:本发明公开了一种超疏水金属网膜及其制备方法和应用,制备出的网膜具有优异的油水分离性能及耐磨性能,克服了传统超疏水亲油分离网膜耐磨性差,极易在一定的外界应力作用下产生涂层脱落从而使得分离器具失效的技术难题,以此金属网膜为核心过滤器件的制备的超疏水滤芯可用于油水混合物的高效分离,在含油污水处理工程中具有广阔的应用前景。
技术方案:一种超疏水金属网膜的制备方法,包括以下步骤:(1)基底预粗糙化处理:在30-55℃水浴加热条件下,将金属网膜依次用无水乙醇、去离子水超声清洗,取出后晾干,将清洗干净的金属网膜浸泡在FeCl3溶液中,随后取出用去离子水冲洗网膜表面去除残留溶液,晾干备用;(2)制备粘接树脂涂料: 以重量计,取3-12份共混树脂和2-8份固化剂分散于10-30质量份的挥发性有机溶剂中,搅拌混匀得到澄清混合溶液,随后向其中加入0.3-1.2质量份聚四氟乙烯纳米粉或氟硅烷改性二氧化硅纳米粉,搅拌混匀后获得粘接树脂涂料;(3)制备超疏水涂料:以重量计,称取55-100份的无水乙醇,向其中加入20-50份负载修复剂的超疏水二氧化硅粉体,在30-55℃℃水浴加热环境下搅拌,即可得到所述超疏水涂料;(4)制备超浸润网膜:先将上述粘接树脂涂料喷涂、刷涂或浸涂在步骤(1)得到的金属网膜上,室温固化后,将上述获得的超疏水涂料喷涂、刷涂或浸涂于其上,固化后获得超疏水金属网膜。
上述FeCl3溶液的配制方法为:将1-10份FeCl3粉末分散在10-50份无水乙醇及30-100份去离子水的混合溶液中,并向其中逐滴滴加5-10份盐酸,室温下搅拌混合均匀制成。
上述共混树脂为氟碳树脂、聚氨酯树脂、有机硅树脂、丙烯酸树脂、酚醛树脂和环氧树脂中的至少一种;所述固化剂为六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、异佛尔酮二单氰酸酯、缩二脲多异氰酸酯、过氧化苯甲酰中的至少一种;所述挥发性有机溶剂为酮类、醇类、氟碳类或醚类中的至少一种。
上述负载修复剂的超疏水二氧化硅粉体通过如下方法制备:(1)将10-30份烷基或氟烷基改性的二氧化硅纳米颗粒加入100份无水乙醇中,超声分散10-30min,获得悬浮液;纳米颗粒尺寸10-300nm,;(2)将5-10份修复剂逐滴加入上述悬浮液中,继续超声10-30min后,在80℃下进行喷雾干燥,获得尺寸1-10μm的负载修复剂的超疏水二氧化硅粉体;所述修复剂为C4-C8的烷基硅氧烷中的任一种,所述纳米颗粒为中空二氧化硅。
上述金属网膜目数为200-3000目,材质为316不锈钢、304不锈钢或钛合金。
上述方法制得的超疏水金属网膜,在空气中具有超疏水性及超亲油性,对水的接触角>150°,水滴滚动角<10°,对油的小触角<5°;油水分离效率大于98%,循环分离四氯化碳/水混合物55次后仍能保证金属网膜水接触角>150°,滚动角<10°;承受手指打磨1800次后静态水接触角>140°,能够在强酸(pH=2)、强碱(pH=12)、有机溶剂环境下浸泡7天后润湿性不发生明显变化;能够承受50Kpa至少80分钟的水流冲击后维持水接触角>150°,承受10wt.%含砂溶液以800r/min的转速搅拌300min后维持水接触角>150°。
上述超疏水金属网膜在制备超疏水滤芯中的应用。
上述超疏水金属网膜在含油污水处理领域中的应用。
有益效果:(1)本发明所制备的超疏水网膜在空气中具有超疏水及超亲油特性,对水的接触角>150°,水滴滚动角<10°,对油的小触角<5°;油水分离效率大于98%,可高效快速分离含油污水;(2)为了有效的提升涂层与金属网膜间结合力,对网膜创新性的进行了FeCl3的预粗糙化处理, 能够有效通过机械锚定效应增强涂层的附着力,并引入疏水性树脂粘接层,粘合超疏水涂层与金属网膜基底,保证网膜的超疏水性能,且其可作为缓冲层,减缓因表层超疏水层磨损而导致的网膜失效,进一步增强网膜使用寿命;(3)本发明所制备超疏水网膜可耐手磨至少1800次后仍然保持超疏水性,在强酸、强碱、有机溶剂中浸泡7天后接触角也未发生明显变化,可耐水冲击、耐砂洗具有极强的耐久性,且分离含油污水55次循环后网膜润湿性基本不变,具有极高的使用寿命;(4)本发明所制备的超疏水网膜结构简单,配方简易,施工难度低,制备能耗小,原材料来源广泛,成本低,重复性好,具有良好的规模化生产应用前景;(5)普通超疏水涂层在使用较久后涂层部分改性颗粒上的低表面能分子会水解,使表面丧失超疏水性,失去实际使用性能,本专利利用中空颗粒负载烷基硅氧烷修复剂,结合胶囊缓释原理,成功制得了长耐久的超疏水涂层;通过中空二氧化硅作为微胶囊负载修复剂,可在服役期间通过缓慢释放烷基硅氧烷进行原位修复,保持超疏水性能,从而显著提升了网膜涂层的稳定性。
附图说明
图1为实施例1中本发明超疏水金属网膜的SEM照片。
图2为实施例1中本发明超疏水金属网膜的疏水亲油性能,其中a为超疏水金属网膜的空气中静态水(3μL)接触角;b为超疏水金属网膜的空气中静态大豆油(3μL)接触角;c为超疏水金属网膜的空气中水滴滚动角(10μL)。
图3为实施例1中本发明超疏水金属网膜进行油水分离的静态照片。
图4为实施例2中本发明超疏水金属网膜循环分离含油污水55次后的分离效率变化与润湿性变化。
图5为实施例3中本发明超疏水金属网膜耐久性能测试,其中a为超疏水金属网膜手磨1800次期间的接触角变化;b为超疏水金属网膜手磨1800次后网膜微观SEM照片。
图6为实施例4中本发明超疏水金属网膜进行的耐久性测试,其中a为超疏水金属网膜进行水冲击试验80分钟期间水接触角变化;b为超疏水金属网膜进行砂洗试验300分钟期间水接触角变化。
图7为实施例4中发明超疏水金属网膜的中空二氧化硅胶囊负载修复剂的SEM照片(左侧为初始形貌,右侧为水流冲击磨损后形貌)。
图8为实施例5中本发明超疏水金属网膜浸泡实验,其中a为超疏水网膜分别在pH=2、pH=12的溶液中浸泡7天期间的润湿性变化;b为超疏水网膜分别在石油、正己烷、丙酮中浸泡7天期间的润湿性变化。
图9为本发明超疏水金属网膜制备的超疏水滤芯的实物图与结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步描述。以下实施例只为说明本发明的技术构思和特点,不应理解为本发明的限制。在不背离本发明精神和实质的情况下,对本发明方法、步骤或条件所作的修改和替换,均属于本发明的范围。若未特别指明,实施例中所用的技术手段为本领域技术人员所熟知的常规手段。
实施例1
将经水浴40℃环境下无水乙醇清洗10min、去离子水清洗10min、网眼目数为10μm的316不锈钢丝网浸泡在由5g FeCl3粉末分散在6g盐酸、50g无水乙醇、50g去离子水均匀混合的溶液中2min,随后取出用去离子水冲洗干净并烘干备用。称取60g的无水乙醇,向其中加入20g的负载修复剂的超疏水二氧化硅粉体,在50℃水浴加热环境下搅拌30分钟,即可得到超疏水涂料,所述负载修复剂的超疏水二氧化硅粉体的制备方法为:先将10g辛基硅烷改性的二氧化硅纳米颗粒加入100g无水乙醇中,超声分散30min,获得悬浮液;随后将5g C8的烷基硅氧烷修复剂逐滴加入上述悬浮液中,继续超声30min后,在80℃下进行喷雾干燥所得。随后取8g氟碳树脂、2g酚醛树脂和2g缩二脲多异氰酸酯固化剂分散于28g质量份的无水乙醇中,搅拌混匀得到澄清混合溶液,向其中加入0.8g聚四氟乙烯纳米粉,搅拌混匀后获得疏水性粘接树脂涂料;先将粘接树脂涂料按0.5ml/cm2用量喷涂在前述不锈钢丝网上,随后将超疏水涂料按2ml/cm2用量喷涂于其上,烘箱内80℃烘干2小时,得到超疏水超亲油金属网膜。网膜上包覆的涂层布满微纳结构如图1所示,在空气中呈超疏水性及超亲油性(图2),水接触角>150°,水滴滚动角<5°,大豆油接触角<5°;网膜的油水分离效率达到99.65%(图3)。
实施例2
将经水浴40℃环境下无水乙醇清洗10min、去离子水清洗10min、网眼目数为10μm的316不锈钢丝网浸泡在由5g FeCl3粉末分散在6g盐酸、50g无水乙醇、50g去离子水均匀混合的溶液中2min,随后取出用去离子水冲洗干净并烘干备用。称取80g的无水乙醇,向其中加入35g的负载修复剂的超疏水二氧化硅粉体,在50℃水浴加热环境下搅拌30分钟,即可得到超疏水涂料,所述负载修复剂的超疏水二氧化硅粉体为先将15g十七氟烷改性的二氧化硅纳米颗粒加入100g无水乙醇中,超声分散30min,获得悬浮液;随后将7gC6的烷基硅氧烷修复剂逐滴加入上述悬浮液中,继续超声30min后,在80℃下进行喷雾干燥所得。随后取8g氟碳树脂、2g酚醛树脂和2g过氧化苯甲酰固化剂分散于28g质量份的醋酸丁酯中,搅拌混匀得到澄清混合溶液,向其中缓慢加入0.8g聚四氟乙烯纳米粉,搅拌混匀后获得疏水性粘接树脂涂料;先将粘接树脂涂料按喷涂在前述不锈钢丝网上,随后将超疏水涂料按1.5ml/cm2用量喷涂于其上,烘箱内80℃烘干2小时,得到超疏水超亲油金属网膜。网膜的油水分离效率达到99.8%,在经过55次的四氯化碳/水循环分离试验后,网膜的分离效率仍然保持在99%以上(图4:a),且水接触角与滚动角均为发生明显变化(图4:b)。
实施例3
将经水浴40℃环境下无水乙醇清洗10min、去离子水清洗10min、网眼目数为10μm的316不锈钢丝网浸泡在由3g FeCl3粉末分散在2g盐酸、28g无水乙醇、28g去离子水均匀混合的溶液中2min,随后取出用去离子水冲洗干净并烘干备用。称取100g的无水乙醇,向其中加入50g的负载修复剂的超疏水二氧化硅粉体,在50℃水浴加热环境下搅拌30分钟,即可得到超疏水涂料,所述负载修复剂的超疏水二氧化硅粉体为先将20g辛基硅烷改性的二氧化硅纳米颗粒加入120g无水乙醇中,超声分散30min,获得悬浮液;随后将10g C8的烷基硅氧烷修复剂逐滴加入上述悬浮液中,继续超声30min后,在80℃下进行喷雾干燥所得。随后取3g氟碳树脂、3g环氧树脂和1g缩二脲多异氰酸酯固化剂分散于20g质量份的挥发性有机溶剂中,搅拌混匀得到澄清混合溶液,向其中缓慢加入0.6g聚四氟乙烯纳米粉,搅拌混匀后获得疏水性粘接树脂涂料;先将粘接树脂涂料按0.7ml/cm2用量喷涂在前述不锈钢丝网上,随后将超疏水涂料按2.5ml/cm2用量喷涂于其上,烘箱内80℃烘干2小时,得到超疏水超亲油金属网膜。网膜的油水分离效率达到99.6 %,手磨1800次后,网膜的水接触角仍然保持在145°以上(图5:a),且仍然具有大量的粗糙微纳结构(图5:b)
实施例4
将经水浴40℃环境下无水乙醇清洗10min、去离子水清洗10min、网眼目数为10μm的316不锈钢丝网浸泡在由3g FeCl3粉末分散在2g盐酸、28g无水乙醇、28g去离子水均匀混合的溶液中2min,随后取出用去离子水冲洗干净并烘干备用。称取65g的无水乙醇,向其中加入15g的负载修复剂的超疏水二氧化硅粉体,在50℃水浴加热环境下搅拌30分钟,即可得到超疏水涂料,所述负载修复剂的超疏水二氧化硅粉体为先将7g环乙氧基硅烷改性的二氧化硅纳米颗粒加入85g无水乙醇中,超声分散30min,获得悬浮液;随后将5gC4的烷基硅氧烷修复剂逐滴加入上述悬浮液中,继续超声30min后,在80℃下进行喷雾干燥所得。随后取6g氟碳树脂、1g环氧清漆和1.1g六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、异佛尔酮二单氰酸酯共混固化剂分散于20g质量份的挥发性有机溶剂中,搅拌混匀得到澄清混合溶液,向其中缓慢加入0.6g聚四氟乙烯纳米粉,搅拌混匀后获得疏水性粘接树脂涂料;先将粘接树脂涂料按0.8ml/cm2用量喷涂在前述不锈钢丝网上,随后将超疏水涂料按2.5ml/cm2用量喷涂于其上,烘箱内80℃烘干2小时,得到超疏水超亲油金属网膜。将网膜以45°倾斜角度耐受50Kpa的水流冲击,记录80分钟内超疏水网膜的水接触角变化(图6:a),同时将网膜静置在含沙量10%wt的无水乙醇中,以1000r/min的速度进行磁力搅拌,记录300分钟内超疏水网膜的水接触角变化(图6:b),结果表明,在这两者测试中,网膜的水接触角均未发生明显下降。
实施例5
将经水浴40℃环境下无水乙醇清洗10min、去离子水清洗10min、网眼目数为10μm的316不锈钢丝网浸泡在由3g FeCl3粉末分散在2g盐酸、28g无水乙醇、28g去离子水均匀混合的溶液中2min,随后取出用去离子水冲洗干净并烘干备用。称取75g的无水乙醇,向其中加入17.5g的负载修复剂的超疏水二氧化硅粉体,在50℃水浴加热环境下搅拌30分钟,即可得到超疏水涂料,所述负载修复剂的超疏水二氧化硅粉体为先将7g辛基乙氧基硅烷改性的二氧化硅纳米颗粒加入85g无水乙醇中,超声分散30min,获得悬浮液;随后将5g C7的烷基硅氧烷修复剂逐滴加入上述悬浮液中,继续超声30min后,在80℃下进行喷雾干燥所得。随后取6g氟碳树脂、1g环氧清漆和1.1g缩二脲多异氰酸酯固化剂分散于20g质量份的醋酸丁酯中,搅拌混匀得到澄清混合溶液,向其中缓慢加入0.6g聚四氟乙烯纳米粉,搅拌混匀后获得疏水性粘接树脂涂料;先将粘接树脂涂料按0.5mL/cm2用量喷涂在前述不锈钢丝网上,随后将超疏水涂料按2mL/cm2用量喷涂于其上,烘箱内80℃烘干2小时,得到超疏水超亲油金属网膜。将网膜以45°倾斜角度耐受50Kpa的水流冲击80分钟,随后对比发现冲击前后网膜空气中水接触角基本不变,对网膜表面进行SEM对比,发现经受水流冲击后,涂层内的中空二氧化硅颗粒破裂,缓慢裸露出微球状烷基硅氧烷修复剂(图7),保证网膜的润湿性。
实施例6
将经水浴40℃环境下无水乙醇清洗10min、去离子水清洗10min、网眼目数为10μm的316不锈钢丝网浸泡在由2.5g FeCl3粉末分散在1.5g盐酸、20g无水乙醇、20g去离子水均匀混合的溶液中2min,随后取出用去离子水冲洗干净并烘干备用。称取50g的无水乙醇,向其中加入10g的负载修复剂的超疏水二氧化硅粉体,在50℃水浴加热环境下搅拌30分钟,即可得到超疏水涂料,所述负载修复剂的超疏水二氧化硅粉体为先将5g三乙氧基硅烷改性的二氧化硅纳米颗粒加入70g无水乙醇中,超声分散30min,获得悬浮液;随后将5g C8的烷基硅氧烷修复剂逐滴加入上述悬浮液中,继续超声30min后,在80℃下进行喷雾干燥所得。随后取2g氟碳树脂、2g丙烯酸树脂和0.6g异佛尔酮二单氰酸酯固化剂分散于15g质量份的无水乙醇中,搅拌混匀得到澄清混合溶液,向其中缓慢加入0.3g聚四氟乙烯纳米粉,搅拌混匀后获得疏水性粘接树脂涂料;先将粘接树脂涂料按0.5mL/cm2用量喷涂在前述不锈钢丝网上,随后将超疏水涂料按2.5mL/cm2用量喷涂于其上,烘箱内80℃烘干2小时,得到超疏水超亲油金属网膜。将超疏水网膜浸泡在pH=2、pH=12(图8:a)及无水乙醇(图8:b)中,记录浸泡7天期间网膜的水接触角随时间的变化,数据说明超疏水网膜在强酸强碱及有机溶剂中浸泡7天后仍然能够保持超疏水性。
Claims (8)
1.一种超疏水金属网膜的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:(1)基底预粗糙化处理:在30-55℃水浴加热条件下,将金属网膜依次用无水乙醇、去离子水超声清洗,取出后晾干,将清洗干净的金属网膜浸泡在FeCl3溶液中,随后取出用去离子水冲洗网膜表面去除残留溶液,晾干备用;(2)制备粘接树脂涂料: 以重量计,取3-12份共混树脂和2-8份固化剂分散于10-30质量份的挥发性有机溶剂中,搅拌混匀得到澄清混合溶液,随后向其中加入0.3-1.2质量份聚四氟乙烯纳米粉或氟硅烷改性二氧化硅纳米粉,搅拌混匀后获得粘接树脂涂料;(3)制备超疏水涂料:以重量计,称取55-100份的无水乙醇,向其中加入20-50份负载修复剂的超疏水二氧化硅粉体,在30-55℃℃水浴加热环境下搅拌,即可得到所述超疏水涂料;(4)制备超浸润网膜:先将上述粘接树脂涂料喷涂、刷涂或浸涂在步骤(1)得到的金属网膜上,室温固化后,将上述获得的超疏水涂料喷涂、刷涂或浸涂于其上,固化后获得超疏水金属网膜。
2.根据权利要求1所述超疏水金属网膜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述FeCl3溶液的配制方法为:将1-10份FeCl3粉末分散在10-50份无水乙醇及30-100份去离子水的混合溶液中,并向其中逐滴滴加5-10份盐酸,室温下搅拌混合均匀制成。
3.根据权利要求1所述超疏水金属网膜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述共混树脂为氟碳树脂、聚氨酯树脂、有机硅树脂、丙烯酸树脂、酚醛树脂和环氧树脂中的至少一种;所述固化剂为六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、异佛尔酮二单氰酸酯、缩二脲多异氰酸酯、过氧化苯甲酰中的至少一种;所述挥发性有机溶剂为酮类、醇类、氟碳类或醚类中的至少一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述超疏水金属网膜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述负载修复剂的超疏水二氧化硅粉体通过如下方法制备:(1)将10-30份烷基或氟烷基改性的二氧化硅纳米颗粒加入100份无水乙醇中,超声分散10-30min,获得悬浮液;纳米颗粒尺寸10-300nm,;(2)将5-10份修复剂逐滴加入上述悬浮液中,继续超声10-30min后,在80℃下进行喷雾干燥,获得尺寸1-10μm的负载修复剂的超疏水二氧化硅粉体;所述修复剂为C4-C8的烷基硅氧烷中的任一种,所述纳米颗粒为中空二氧化硅。
5.根据权利要求1所述超疏水金属网膜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述金属网膜目数为200-3000目,材质为316不锈钢、304不锈钢或钛合金。
6.权利要求1-5任一所述方法制得的超疏水金属网膜,其特征在于,在空气中具有超疏水性及超亲油性,对水的接触角>150°,水滴滚动角<10°,对油的小触角<5°;油水分离效率大于98%,循环分离四氯化碳/水混合物55次后仍能保证金属网膜水接触角>150°,滚动角<10°;承受手指打磨1800次后静态水接触角>140°,能够在强酸(pH=2)、强碱(pH=12)、有机溶剂环境下浸泡7天后润湿性不发生明显变化;能够承受50Kpa至少80分钟的水流冲击后维持水接触角>150°,承受10wt.%含砂溶液以800r/min的转速搅拌300min后维持水接触角>150°。
7.权利要求6所述超疏水金属网膜在制备超疏水滤芯中的应用。
8.权利要求6所述超疏水金属网膜在含油污水处理领域中的应用。
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