CN114402871B

CN114402871B - Device and method for trapping and killing underground pests in sweet potato planting

Info

Publication number: CN114402871B
Application number: CN202111420695.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张海燕; 段文学; 解备涛; 董顺旭; 张立明; 汪宝卿
Original assignee: Jining Shortgrass Valley Agricultural Development Co ltd; CROP Research Institute of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Current assignee: Jining Shortgrass Valley Agricultural Development Co ltd; CROP Research Institute of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Priority date: 2021-11-26
Filing date: 2021-11-26
Publication date: 2023-07-04
Anticipated expiration: 2041-11-26
Also published as: CN114402871A

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of crop planting, and particularly relates to a device and a method for trapping and killing underground pests in sweet potato planting. When the device for trapping and killing the underground pests for sweet potato planting is used, the underground bin part is buried in the underground part, the attracting inlet of the overground bin is close to the ground, and the suspended attracting matrix is utilized to attract the underground pests in sweet potato planting into the device and falls into the underground bin. The preparation which is placed in the underground bin and can effectively control the sweet potato underground pests is obtained by taking the umbelliferone as an active ingredient and adopting a loading mode loaded on the surface of fluorite, and the control of the sweet potato underground pests is effectively performed by utilizing the inhibition effect of the umbelliferone on grubs.

Description

Device and method for trapping and killing underground pests in sweet potato planting

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of crop planting, and particularly relates to a device and a method for trapping and killing underground pests in sweet potato planting.

Background

Sweet potato is an important crop product in China, has the advantages of ultrahigh yield and wide adaptability, and is widely valued as a bottom line crop with national grain safety and an energy crop with maximum potential. China is the biggest sweet potato production country in the world, and moderate development of the sweet potato industry accords with the administrative guidelines of central grain storage in the ground, grain storage in the technology and agricultural transformation and upgrading, and is also beneficial to guaranteeing national grain safety. While the pioneer crop serving as the health food, the sweet potato is the best food recommended by the world health organization, and the fresh sweet potato is more and more favored by people.

Grubs are the collective name of underground pests of the scaridae, are also the most main pests in a sweet potato planting system, and have the characteristics of large quantity and high hazard. The grubs can cause holes in the sweet potato blocks after being harmful to the sweet potato, so that not only the sweet potato yield is affected, but also the invasion of germs is easily caused, the occurrence of diseases in the field and in the storage period is aggravated, the quality and commodity rate of fresh sweet potato are seriously affected, and great loss is caused to the economic income of farmers.

At present, high-toxicity and high-residue medicaments such as Shennongdan and carbofuran are mostly used for controlling sweet potato soil insects in production, but the safety of foods and the ecological environment are greatly damaged. Some scholars screen the control agents of the sweet potato soil insects, but most pesticides still have the problems of short duration, unstable control effect and the like. Therefore, the device for effectively preventing and controlling the underground pests of the sweet potatoes in a pest trapping mode is developed, and has positive significance for planting sweet potato crops.

Disclosure of Invention

Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a device for trapping and killing underground pests in sweet potato planting so as to solve the problem of grubs and insect pests in sweet potato planting;

the second technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a method for trapping and killing the soil insects in sweet potato planting based on the device.

In order to solve the technical problems, the device for trapping and killing the underground pests for sweet potato planting provided by the invention comprises an overground bin and an underground bin, wherein the overground bin and the underground bin are communicated with each other;

an attracting inlet is arranged at the position of the ground bin close to the ground;

an attracting matrix capable of attracting underground pests is suspended in the overground bin;

and a prevention and control agent capable of preventing and controlling underground pests is arranged in the underground bin.

Specifically, the height of the underground bin is greater than the height of the overground bin.

Specifically, the transverse sectional area of the underground bin is smaller than that of the overground bin.

Specifically, the number of the attracting inlets is at least 2, which are arranged along the circumferential direction of the overground bin.

Specifically, the number of the attracting inlets is 4, 6 or 8 symmetrically arranged along the circumferential direction of the overground bin.

Specifically, the inner wall of the underground bin is a smooth inner wall.

Specifically, the attracting matrix is a solid matrix containing saccharides and plant volatile matters.

Specifically, the saccharide may include: refined white sugar, coarse sugar, soft sugar, brown sugar, crystal sugar, glucose syrup, glucose powder, malt pieces, maltose syrup, invert syrup, fructose-glucose syrup, mel, molasses, caramel, ribose, lactose, and fructose.

Specifically, the plant volatiles may include: at least one of cis-2-hexenol, trans-2-hexenol, cis-3-hexenyl ester, octanal, phenethyl alcohol, methyl anthranilate, phenethyl propionate, eugenol, 1-methyl-4-propenyl benzene, geraniol, phenyl propionate, alpha-pinene, butyl acetate, phenylacetaldehyde, eugenol, anethol, 1-methyl-4-propenylbenzene, phenethyl propionate, methyl anthranilate, phenol, diisobutyl phthalate, di-n-butyl phthalate.

In particular, the solid matrix may be prepared based on the solidification of added agar.

Specifically, the prevention and control agent comprises fluorite powder loaded with umbelliferone.

Specifically, the preparation method of the prevention and control medicament comprises the following steps:

(1) Dissolving umbelliferone in ethanol solution to obtain umbelliferone solution;

(2) Taking fluorite as a carrier, crushing, and completely soaking in the umbelliferone solution until ethanol is completely volatilized;

(3) And (3) drying the fluorite subjected to the impregnation treatment at a low temperature, and grinding to obtain the fluorite.

Specifically, the ethanol solution is ethanol solution with the volume concentration of 50-70 v/v%.

Specifically, the mass concentration of the umbelliferone solution is 10-50wt%.

Specifically, the mass ratio of fluorite to umbelliferone is 100:20-30.

Specifically, the temperature of the low-temperature drying step is 30-40 ℃.

Specifically, the grinding step is to grind the fluorite to a particle size of less than 1mm.

Specifically, the prevention and control agent also comprises a pesticide preparation capable of preventing and controlling soil insects, such as 30% phoxim microcapsules and the like.

The invention also discloses a method for trapping and killing the soil insects in the sweet potato planting field, which comprises the step of placing the device around the planted sweet potato plants.

When the device for trapping and killing the underground pests for sweet potato planting is used, the underground bin part is buried in the underground part, the attracting inlet of the overground bin is close to the ground, and the suspended attracting matrix is utilized to attract the underground pests in sweet potato planting into the device and falls into the underground bin. The preparation which is placed in the underground bin and can effectively control the sweet potato underground pests is obtained by taking the umbelliferone as an active ingredient and adopting a loading mode loaded on the surface of fluorite, and the control of the sweet potato underground pests is effectively performed by utilizing the inhibition effect of the umbelliferone on grubs.

Drawings

In order that the invention may be more readily understood, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof which are illustrated in the appended drawings, in which,

fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a trapping device according to the present invention;

the reference numerals in the drawings are as follows: 1-ground bin, 2-underground bin, 3-attracting inlet and 4-attracting matrix.

Detailed Description

The device for trapping and killing the underground pests for sweet potato planting comprises an overground bin 1 and an underground bin 2, wherein the overground bin 1 and the underground bin 2 are communicated with each other, the underground bin is buried in an underground part near a plant when the device is used, the overground bin 1 is exposed to the overground part, and the overground bin 1 is provided with an attracting inlet 3 at a position close to the ground so as to facilitate the attracted pests to enter the trapping and killing device. As a preferable configuration, the attracting inlets 3 may be 4, 6 or 8 symmetrically arranged along the circumferential direction of the above-ground bin 1. In order to facilitate the pests entering the trapping and killing device to go in and out, the inner wall of the underground bin 2 is a smooth inner wall, the height of the underground bin 2 is larger than that of the overground bin 1, and the transverse sectional area of the underground bin 2 is smaller than that of the overground bin 1.

As shown in fig. 1, the above-ground bin 1 is suspended with an attracting matrix 4 which can attract underground pests, so that the underground pests in sweet potato planting can be attracted, and the underground bin 2 is internally provided with a prevention and control agent which can prevent and control the underground pests, so that the pests attracted into the underground bin 2 can be only attracted and killed.

In particular, the attracting substrate 4 may be a substance known to those skilled in the art that attracts soil insects, and in the device of the present invention, it is preferable that the attracting substrate is a solid substrate containing saccharides and plant volatiles.

As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the carbohydrate substances that may have an attracting effect on subterranean pests may include: refined white sugar, coarse sugar, soft sugar, brown sugar, crystal sugar, glucose syrup, glucose powder, malt pieces, maltose syrup, invert syrup, fructose-glucose syrup, mel, molasses, caramel, ribose, lactose, and fructose.

As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, plant volatiles that may have an attracting effect on subterranean pests may include: at least one of cis-2-hexenol, trans-2-hexenol, cis-3-hexenyl ester, octanal, phenethyl alcohol, methyl anthranilate, phenethyl propionate, eugenol, 1-methyl-4-propenyl benzene, geraniol, phenyl propionate, alpha-pinene, butyl acetate, phenylacetaldehyde, eugenol, anethol, 1-methyl-4-propenylbenzene, phenethyl propionate, methyl anthranilate, phenol, diisobutyl phthalate, di-n-butyl phthalate.

In the embodiment of the invention, the mixture based on honey and phenethyl alcohol is preferably used as an attractant, agar is added for solidification after the mixture is dissolved in water according to the conventional metering, the required solid matrix can be obtained, and the solid matrix is placed in a filter screen and suspended in the overground bin 1, and the suspension height can be properly adjusted according to the dosage of the added attractant and the released smell.

In the structure shown in fig. 1, the underground bin 2 is provided with a prevention and control agent capable of preventing and controlling underground pests, and in the embodiment of the invention, the prevention and control agent preferably comprises fluorite powder loaded with umbelliferone, and conventional pesticide preparations capable of preventing and controlling underground pests, such as 30% phoxim microcapsules and the like, can be added according to the needs, so that the insects falling into the underground bin 2 can be trapped and killed conveniently.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the control agent is preferably prepared according to the following steps:

(1) Taking 25g of umbelliferone, and dissolving in an ethanol solution with the volume concentration of 60% to obtain umbelliferone solution with the mass concentration of 30wt% for later use;

(2) Taking 100g of fluorite crushed to a micron level, completely soaking the fluorite in the umbelliferone solution, fully mixing and soaking until ethanol is completely volatilized;

(3) Drying the fluorite subjected to the impregnation treatment at a low temperature of 30-40 ℃, and grinding the fluorite until the particle size is smaller than 1mm.

Experimental example

In the following experimental examples, the variety 7 of the sweet potato is taken as an experimental variety, and a mountain-east Linyi planting park is selected for planting in the last ten days of 5 months. The sweet potato planting process is achieved by referring to the conventional planting means.

Seed selection: selecting the seed-state high-quality variety 7 of the sweet potato.

And (3) reapplying a base fertilizer: in the light soil or sandy soil field, main ditches, enclosing ditches and furrows are formed, so that the ditches are smooth, the ditches bottom is straight, and the ditches are stopped in a rainy day. And (3) uniformly spreading 25-30 kg of high-efficiency compound fertilizer with N-P-K of 16-8-16 for each mu, and then leveling and ridging.

High-ridge close planting: selecting 5000 plants planted per mu with ridge bottom width of 1.2m, ridge height of 40cm and ridge surface width of 70cm, 3 rows of staggered pits (marching planting) in each ridge, pit spacing of 33cm, and keeping attention to the density corresponding to the growth habit of the species.

Pocket Shi Yaoji: 3 plots were selected, each with substantially uniform soil conditions, one of which (experimental group) was subjected to hole application at 15kg/hm prior to sowing, with the formulation described in example 2 ² Adding water to form homogeneous suspension, and filling into holes; alternatively, one plot (control) was treated with 30% phoxim microcapsules at 15kg/hm ² Diluting the medicament and filling the medicament into the cavity; the remaining land is used as a blank group without any treatment with any agent.

Cultivating the long rattan in a dish: in the afternoon or in the shade on sunny days, selecting seedling with tip which is not aged by drought, and the seedling has length of 30-40 cm, 8-10 opened green leaves, preferably 2-3 buds with length of 5-10 cm at the seedling base. When planting, firstly, a small ash knife or ash seeds are used for digging pits, then sweet potato seedlings are coiled into a circular ring shape, the soil is filled into the holes with the depth of 10-13 cm and 6-7 knots, the soil filling part is flat, the soil is covered with soil and loosened, and the Sydney leaves and the seedling tips are exposed, so that the seedlings can be stably planted by thoroughly applying human and animal manure water. If the soil is drought, the pond can be opened for watering, and the soil is harvested and planted; if high-temperature strong light is encountered, the rice straw can be used for uncovering the rice straw for 2-3 days, or only three leaves at the tip of the seedling are exposed during planting, and other leaves are buried in the soil, so that the survival of the whole seedling is facilitated.

Topdressing and seedling lifting: cultivating 7-10 days after planting, filling 7-10 kg of 40% high-efficiency compound fertilizer into a pond, and lifting seedlings by human and animal manure water, wherein when vine is She Feng ridges, the mu is sprayed with 0.5 kg of 21.8% zinc sulfate or 0.8 kg of compound zinc fertilizer and 50 kg of water; then, according to the growth condition, 100g of monopotassium phosphate and 150 g of urea are used for each mu, and 50 kg of water is added for foliar spraying for 2-3 times.

Pinching and propagating branches: when the sweet potato seedlings survive, a plurality of seedling points are removed, so that vines can be shortened, branches can be increased, green leaves can be increased, plant types can be improved, and multi-junction sweet potato is facilitated; it should be noted that the rattan is not required to be turned, and a "rattan" is not required, and the overgrown rattan can be tidied, the vine is lifted, the fibrous root is blocked, and the overgrowth is controlled.

Drainage and stain prevention: the ditches are cleaned at any time to remove the sludge, the ridge surface is corrected, and no ponding exists in the ditches.

Harvesting at proper time: harvesting at proper time after the growth is mature.

When sweet potatoes are planted and harvested, each land block selects sweet potatoes at the middle position for block-by-block investigation, the number of the sweet potato blocks at each level is recorded according to a grading standard, and data such as insect bite rate, insect bite index, commodity rate and the like are calculated, so that the control effect of the agent used in the invention on the underground insect pests of the sweet potatoes is comprehensively evaluated.

The potato block insect bite level is classified according to the following standard:

level 0: the surfaces of the potato blocks are smooth without insect bite;

stage 1: 1-2 insect biting holes are formed, the insect biting depth is shallow, the surface of the potato block is smooth, and the commodity rate of the potato block is not affected;

2 stages: 3-4 insect biting holes are formed, the insect biting depth is moderate, obvious insect biting marks are visible on the surfaces of the potato blocks, and the commodity rate of the potato blocks is affected;

3 stages: the number of insect biting holes is more than 5, the insect biting depth is deeper, and the commodity rate of the potato blocks is seriously influenced.

And performing differential significance analysis on the test data by adopting a DPS data processing system. The method specifically comprises the following steps:

insect bite rate = [ (number of 1 level potato blocks+number of 2 level potato blocks+number of 3 level potato blocks)/survey total number of potato blocks ] ×100%;

commodity rate = [ (number of 0 level potato pieces+number of 1 level potato pieces)/total number of investigation ] ×100%;

control effect = [ (white space insect bite rate-treatment area insect bite rate)/white space insect bite rate ] ×100%.

The sweet potato situation of the experimental group land parcels, the control group land parcels and the blank group land parcels were counted respectively, and the results are shown in the following table 1.

TABLE 1 statistical results of sweet potato for each plot

Therefore, the preparation for preventing and controlling the underground pests of the sweet potatoes takes the umbelliferone as an active ingredient, has a good inhibition effect on underground pests such as grubs in sweet potato planting, has a control effect similar to that of a 30% phoxim microcapsule which is recognized in the art, and can effectively ensure safe and efficient planting of the sweet potatoes. The trapping and killing device of the invention uses the attracting substrate to attract the underground pests and uses the action of the control agent to control the underground pests.

It is apparent that the above examples are given by way of illustration only and are not limiting of the embodiments. Other variations or modifications of the above teachings will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. It is not necessary here nor is it exhaustive of all embodiments. While still being apparent from variations or modifications that may be made by those skilled in the art are within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. The device for trapping and killing the underground pests in the sweet potato planting process is characterized by comprising an overground bin (1) and an underground bin (2) which are communicated with each other in an inner cavity;

an attracting inlet (3) is arranged at the position of the ground bin (1) close to the ground;

an attracting matrix (4) capable of attracting underground pests is suspended in the overground bin (1);

an prevention and control agent capable of preventing and controlling underground pests is arranged in the underground bin (2); the prevention and control agent comprises fluorite powder loaded with umbelliferone; the height of the underground bin (2) is larger than that of the overground bin (1); the transverse sectional area of the underground bin (2) is smaller than that of the overground bin (1); the number of the attracting inlets (3) is at least 2, which are arranged along the circumferential direction of the overground bin (1); the inner wall of the underground bin (2) is a smooth inner wall;

the preparation method of the prevention and control medicament comprises the following steps:

2. The device for trapping and killing sweet potato planting soil insects according to claim 1, wherein the trapping inlets (3) are 4, 6 or 8 symmetrically arranged along the circumferential direction of the above-ground bin (1).

3. The device for trapping and killing soil insects for sweet potato planting according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the attracting substrate (4) is a solid substrate containing sugar and plant volatiles.

4. The apparatus for trapping and killing soil insects on sweet potato plants as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the controlling agent further comprises a pesticide preparation for controlling soil insects.

5. A method for the trapping and killing of soil insects in sweet potato plants, comprising the step of placing the device of any one of claims 1-4 around the planted sweet potato plants.