CN114391445A - Method for intercropping Jujun grass and bulbil konjak - Google Patents
Method for intercropping Jujun grass and bulbil konjak Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for intercropping Jujun grass and bulbil konjak, and belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation. The intercropping method comprises the following steps: ditching is carried out according to the interval of 1 ridge for 2-3 ridges, the pennisetum hydridum is planted at the position where no ridge is formed in 11-12 months in the previous year, the ridge is coated with a film, and the bulbil konjac is planted on the ridge in 4-5 months. The invention adopts a compound ecological planting mode, reasonably matches intercropping, can not only improve the land utilization rate and increase the biodiversity, but also can increase the yield of the unit area of the young rubber garden with low investment and high benefit; aiming at the growth characteristics of two crops (Xiyin moisture-resistant, bulbil konjak and Xiyang long-stalked giant-stalked-fungus grass), the two crops can be mutually compensated in time and space, the requirements are respectively obtained, the advantages and the characteristics of hot-area resources are fully exerted, and the green sustainable development of the rubber tree planting industry is comprehensively promoted.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for intercropping pennisetum hydridum and amorphophallus bulbifer.
Background
The traditional rubber garden planting mode takes rubber trees as single dominant trees, the land utilization rate is low, the labor input is large, the water and soil loss is serious, the product output is single, and the economic benefit is greatly influenced by the market. By developing the planting of cash crops under the rubber garden forest, improving the land utilization rate of the rubber garden, increasing the biological diversity of the rubber garden, increasing the output per unit area, improving the ecological function of the rubber garden, maintaining the production confidence of rubber farmers and enhancing the production enthusiasm. The bulbil konjac group native to the southwest border of China and the adjacent south Asia and southeast Asia countries has the advantages of strong disease resistance, high yield and the like, is suitable for high-temperature and high-humidity environments with rubber trees, prefers scattered light and weak light, is a typical tropical overcast crop, but cannot realize large-area planting of the bulbil konjac in a conventional juvenile rubber garden, a wide-row dense-plant rubber young forest and all full-light or nearly full-light conditions, and can grow well under the condition that the shading degree is 40% -70% because the bulbil konjac belongs to shade-tolerant plants.
In the prior art, a method for intercropping konjak or high-stalk plants in a glue garden exists, such as a method for intercropping amorphophallus wartshank in a glue garden which is opened in a south-north row direction in a whole period (application No. 201510009050.0), a cultivation method for intercropping corn and konjak (application No. 201810701498.2) and a method for intercropping konjak by high-stalk plants in a north direction (application No. 201710746943.2). The corn of the high-stalk plant can play a part of shading and improving the land utilization rate and the like in the regions from subtropical regions to warm temperature regions by intercropping with the traditional amorphophallus konjac, but the amorphophallus konjac is shorter than the growth period due to insufficient shading of the corn in the tropical regions, and needs to be re-planted in the coming year after mature harvest, so that the growth environment of the amorphophallus konjac is influenced, and the land and light energy utilization rate is reduced. Further, the "ecological cultivation method for weed control by intercropping konjak and pennisetum hydridum" (application No. 202110913164.3) is a method of cultivation which involves rough management and cannot fully exhibit the excellent characteristics of the variety of amorphophallus bulbifer.
Therefore, how to adopt a composite ecological planting mode aiming at the young forest period of a single rubber forest which is as long as about 7 years and other full-light or near full-light strong light conditions, reasonably collocate intercropping in a rubber garden to improve the land utilization rate and increase the biological diversity, and can increase the output of the rubber garden in unit area with low investment and high benefit needs to provide a more appropriate solution.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a method for intercropping jujun grass and amorphophallus bulbifer, which can improve the land utilization rate and increase the biodiversity, and can increase the yield per unit area of the young glue garden with low investment and high benefit.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method for intercropping Jujun grass and bulbil konjak comprises the following steps:
ditching at intervals of 1 ridge according to' 2-3 ridges, planting Jujun grass at the position without ridges for 11-12 months, covering the ridges with films, and planting bulbil konjak on the ridges 4-5 months in the next year.
Preferably, the ridging specification is as follows: the width of the ridge base is 1.0m-1.2m, the width of the ridge surface is 0.8m-1.1m, the height of the ridge is 20-40cm, and the distance between the two ridges is 20cm-40 cm; the distance between every two adjacent ridges is 0.8-1.2 m.
Preferably, the amorphophallus bulbifer propagation material comprises underground corms, leaf surface amorphophallus bulbifer, tissue culture seedlings or seedling seeds.
More preferably, the propagation material is underground bulbs, and the row spacing of the plants is 50-60cm × 50-60 cm.
More preferably, the propagation material is leaf surface bulbil, tissue culture seedling or seedling seed, and the row spacing of the plants is 20-30cm multiplied by 20-30 cm.
Preferably, the pennisetum hydridum is planted by cutting pennisetum hydridum stem sections containing 1-2 cryptocephalic buds, and the planting spacing is 30-50 cm.
Preferably, the Jujun grass is planted in 2-3 zones in the middle of the non-ridging position.
Preferably, the base fertilizer is applied before ditching, and comprises 60-100kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 1000-1500kg of organic fertilizer, 60-100kg of calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer and 75-120kg of quick lime.
Preferably, after the leaves of the amorphophallus bulbifer are completely unfolded, the high-potassium foliar fertilizer is sprayed for 1 to 2 times per month.
Preferably, after the pennisetum hydridum is fixedly planted, the pennisetum hydridum is mowed for 1 time in the next 2-3 months, the konjaku bulbifer is mowed for 1 time before being planted in 4-5 months, and the konjaku is mowed for 1 time in the later period basically every two months until the konjaku is harvested.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a method for intercropping Jujun grass and bulbil konjak, wherein the Jujun grass can play a role in shading, improving the land utilization rate and the like. Because the maize is not enough shaded in tropical regions and has shorter growth period than the bulbil konjak, and the maize needs to be planted again in the next year after being ripened and harvested, the growth environment of the konjak is influenced, and the utilization rate of land and light energy is reduced; after the giant fungus grass with long planting period and higher plant height is planted, the giant fungus grass can be mutually compensated in time and space, the resource advantages of the hot area are fully exerted, the giant fungus grass can be harvested for many years after being planted for 1 time, and the giant fungus grass can be continuously mowed to continuously provide breeding feed every year.
Aiming at the young forest period of a single rubber forest and other full-light or nearly full-light conditions, the invention adopts a compound ecological planting mode, reasonably matches intercropping, can not only improve the land utilization rate and increase the biological diversity, but also can increase the yield of the young rubber garden in unit area with low investment and high benefit; aiming at the growth characteristics of two crops (Xiyin moisture-resistant, bulbil konjak and Xiyang long-stalked giant-stalked-fungus grass), the two crops can be mutually compensated in time and space, the requirements are respectively obtained, the advantages and the characteristics of hot-area resources are fully exerted, and the green sustainable development of the rubber tree planting industry is comprehensively promoted.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for intercropping Jujun grass and bulbil konjak, which comprises the following steps: ditching at intervals of 1 ridge according to' 2-3 ridges, planting Jujun grass at the position without ridges for 11-12 months, covering the ridges with films, and planting bulbil konjak on the ridges 4-5 months in the next year.
The preferable ridging specification of the invention is as follows: the width of the ridge base is 1.0m-1.2m, the width of the ridge surface is 0.8m-1.1m, the height of the ridge is 20-40cm, the distance between two ridges is 20cm-40cm, and the distance between every two ridges is 0.8-1.2 m; further preferably, the width of the ridge base is 1.1m, the width of the ridge surface is 0.90m, the height of the ridge is 30cm, the distance between two ridges is 30cm, and the distance between every two ridges is 1.0 m.
The method preferentially applies base fertilizer before ditching, and comprises applying 60-100kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 1000-1500kg of organic fertilizer, 60-100kg of calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer and 75-120kg of quick lime per mu; further preferably applying 80kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, 1250kg of organic fertilizer, 80kg of calcium, magnesium and phosphate fertilizer and 100kg of quick lime according to mu.
The preferable propagation material of the amorphophallus bulbifer comprises underground corms, leaf surface bulbels, tissue culture seedlings or seedling seeds, and the plant-row spacing is adjusted according to the variety and the size of the propagation material. Further preferably, when the underground corms are used as propagation materials, the row spacing of the plants is 50-60cm multiplied by 50-60 cm; more preferably 50X 60 cm; when leaf surface bulbels, tissue culture seedlings or seedling seeds are used as propagation materials, the row spacing of the plants is 20-30cm multiplied by 20-30cm, more preferably the row spacing of the bulbels is 30cm multiplied by 30cm, and the row spacing of the plants of the tissue culture seedlings or the seedling seeds is 30cm multiplied by 25 cm. The planting depth of the invention is preferably 8-12cm, and more preferably 10 cm.
When the pennisetum hydridum is preferably planted, stem sections of the pennisetum hydridum containing 1-2 cryptocephalic buds are cut and planted, and the planting spacing is 30-50 cm; further preferably cutting and planting pennisetum hydridum stem segments containing 2 cryptocephalic buds, wherein the planting spacing is 40 cm.
The method preferably plants the Jujun grass in 2-3 zones transversely or longitudinally to the middle of the reserved position with no ridge forming of 0.8-1.2 m; further preferably, the planting depth is 10 to 30cm, more preferably 20 cm. As an implementation mode, after the pennisetum hydridum is planted, the soil is covered and compacted, and sufficient root fixing water is poured.
According to the invention, after the leaves of the bulbil konjak are preferably and completely unfolded, the high-potassium foliar fertilizer is sprayed for 1-2 times per month; as an implementation mode, the potassium-containing foliar fertilizer is monopotassium phosphate and the like.
After the preferred giant mycorrhiza grass is fixedly planted, the giant mycorrhiza grass is mowed for 1 time in the next 2-3 months, the mowed konjac is mowed for 1 time before the bulbar konjac is planted in 4-5 months, and is mowed for 1 time (6-7 months, 8-9 months and 10-11 months) in the later period basically every two months, and is mowed for 1 time after the konjac is harvested in about 12 months. More preferably, the reserved height of the cut stubble is within the range of 30-100cm, and the cut stubble can be mowed for shading the bulbil konjak.
The invention preferably adopts a proper prevention and control method according to the occurrence of diseases, insect pests and weeds in the growth period of the amorphophallus bulbifer and the pennisetum giganteum.
In the invention, the preferred bulbil konjak is bulbil yellow konjak, which is known as bulbil konjak miller (a. muellelliri).
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
(1) Selecting materials: selecting underground corms of amorphophallus bulbifer as propagation material;
(2) land preparation: before planting, 80kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 1250kg of organic fertilizer, 80kg of calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer and 100kg of quick lime are applied per mu, and the surface soil is turned over; preparing soil in a planting area by adopting machinery, planting bulbil yellow konjac in a ridging way, wherein the width of a ridge base is 1.1m, the width of a ridge surface is 0.90m, the height of the ridge is 30cm, the distance between two ridges is 30cm, and no ridge is formed at the interval of 1.0m after 3 ridges are formed;
(3) the planting method comprises the following steps: setting the row spacing of the amorphophallus bulbifer yellow konjac plants to be 50cm multiplied by 60cm, punching a mulching film according to the row spacing in advance, cutting out giant fungus grass stem sections containing 2 hidden head buds in 11 months in the previous year, transversely placing the giant fungus grass stem sections in the middle of the reserved positions where no ridges are formed by 1.0m according to the row spacing of 40cm, ditching for 20cm for planting, then covering soil and compacting, and pouring enough root fixing water; covering the punched mulching film on the surface of the finished ridge in 4 months, and planting the bulbil amorphophallus rivieri on the ridge with the planting depth of 10 cm;
(4) fertilizing in the field: conventionally, dressing high-potassium foliar fertilizer for 2 times every month;
(5) and (4) mowing: cutting for a plurality of years after the giant fungus grass is planted in 11 months in the 1 st year, cutting for 1 st time after the giant fungus grass grows for 2-3 months in the next year, cutting for 1 time before the amorphophallus rivieri is planted in 4-5 months, cutting for 1 time (6-7 months, 8-9 months and 10-11 months) in the later period basically every two months, and cutting for 1 time after the amorphophallus rivieri is harvested in about 12 months.
Example 2
(1) Selecting materials: selecting bulbil of bulbil yellow konjak as a propagation material;
(2) land preparation: before planting, 60kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 1000kg of organic fertilizer, 60kg of calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer and 75kg of quicklime are applied per mu, and the surface soil is turned over; preparing soil in a planting area by adopting machinery, planting bulbil yellow konjac in a ridging way, wherein the width of a ridge base is 1.0m, the width of a ridge surface is 0.8m, the height of the ridge is 20cm, the distance between two ridges is 20cm, and no ridge is formed at the interval of 0.8m after 2 ridges are formed;
(3) the planting method comprises the following steps: setting the row spacing of the amorphophallus bulbifer yellow konjac plants to be 30cm multiplied by 30cm, punching a mulching film according to the row spacing in advance, cutting 1 pennisetum hydridum stem section containing the cryptocephalic buds in 12 months in the previous year, longitudinally placing the pennisetum hydridum stem section in the middle of a reserved position where no ridge is formed by 0.8m according to the row spacing of the plants and the rows, ditching for 10cm for planting, then covering soil and compacting, and pouring enough root fixing water; covering the punched mulching film on the surface of the finished ridge in 5 months, and planting the bulbil yellow konjac on the ridge with the planting depth of 8 cm;
(4) fertilizing in the field: conventionally, dressing high-potassium foliar fertilizer for 1 time every month;
(5) and (4) mowing: the method comprises the following steps of planting the giant salamander in 12 months in the 1 st year, harvesting for a plurality of years, harvesting the giant salamander for the 1 st time in 2-3 months in the next year, harvesting 1 time (6-7 months, 8-9 months and 10-11 months) in the later period basically every two months, and harvesting 1 time after the konjak is harvested in about 12 months.
Example 3
(1) Selecting materials: selecting the tissue culture seedling of the amorphophallus bulbifer as a propagation material;
(2) land preparation: before planting, 100kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 1500kg of organic fertilizer, 100kg of calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer and 120kg of quicklime are applied per mu, and the surface soil is turned over; preparing soil in a planting area by adopting machinery, planting bulbil yellow konjac in a ridging way, wherein the width of a ridge base is 1.2m, the width of a ridge surface is 1.1m, the height of the ridge is 40cm, the distance between two ridges is 40cm, and no ridge is formed at the interval of 1.2m after 2 ridges are formed;
(3) the planting method comprises the following steps: setting the row spacing of the amorphophallus bulbifer yellow konjac plants to be 30cm multiplied by 25cm, punching a mulching film according to the row spacing in advance, cutting 2 pennisetum hydridum stem sections containing the latent cephalanoplos in 11 months in the previous year, transversely placing the pennisetum hydridum stem sections in the middle of a reserved position where no ridge is formed by 1.2m according to the row spacing of 50cm, ditching for 30cm for planting, then covering soil and compacting, and pouring enough root fixing water; covering the punched mulching film on the surface of the finished ridge in 4 months, and planting the bulbil yellow konjac on the ridge with the planting depth of 12 cm;
(4) fertilizing in the field: conventionally, dressing high-potassium foliar fertilizer for 2 times every month;
(5) and (4) mowing: the method comprises the following steps of planting the giant salamander in 11 months in the 1 st year, harvesting for a plurality of years, harvesting the giant salamander in the 1 st year after 2-3 months in the next year, harvesting the giant salamander in the 1 st time basically every two months in the later period (6-7 months, 8-9 months and 10-11 months), and harvesting the konjak again after about 12 months.
Example 4
And (3) experimental design:
adopting a random block design, planting bulbiferous yellow konjac in soil preparation, ridging and pennisetum hydridum intercropping manner according to the method of example 1, respectively setting CK (conventional fertilization and no film mulching), processing 1 (double fertilization and no film mulching), processing 2 (conventional fertilization and film mulching) and processing 3 (double fertilization and film mulching), selecting 60 plants for each processing, recording the growth amount and yield, and recording the total of 4 processing times 3 times of repetition times 20 plants per repetition time to 240 plants;
and (3) conventional fertilization: applying 40kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 625kg of organic fertilizer, 40kg of calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer and 50kg of quick lime to each mu;
double fertilization: 80kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 1250kg of organic fertilizer, 80kg of calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer and 100kg of quick lime are applied to each mu.
The determination method comprises the following steps:
1) selecting 3 periods (head changing period, expanding period and mature period) of the amorphophallus bulbifer to measure the growth amount;
2) postharvest yields were recorded for each treatment (weighed with an electronic scale after harvest).
And (3) test results:
TABLE 1 influence of fertilization and mulching on the amount and yield of amorphophallus bulbifer
As can be seen from table 1, from the results of comparing the fertilization factors with the two fertilization treatments, the growth amount of each period of the double fertilization treatment is higher than that of the conventional fertilization treatment, and the double fertilization yield is also higher than that of the conventional fertilization treatment, but there is no significant difference; from the results of comparing the film-free treatment and the film-containing treatment by the film covering factor, the growth amount of each period of the film covering treatment is higher than that of the film-free treatment, and the yield of the film covering treatment is obviously higher than that of the film-free treatment; from the combined application result of the fertilization factors and the film covering factors, the yield of the double fertilization and film covering treatment is obviously higher than that of other treatments, and particularly, the yield increasing effect is doubled compared with that of CK treatment.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The method for intercropping the pennisetum hydridum and the bulbil konjak is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
ditching at intervals of 1 ridge according to' 2-3 ridges, planting Jujun grass at the position without ridges for 11-12 months, covering the ridges with films, and planting bulbil konjak on the ridges 4-5 months in the next year.
2. The intercropping method of claim 1, wherein the ridging specification is: the width of the ridge base is 1.0m-1.2m, the width of the ridge surface is 0.8m-1.1m, the height of the ridge is 20-40cm, and the distance between the two ridges is 20cm-40 cm; the distance between every two adjacent ridges is 0.8-1.2 m.
3. The intercropping method of claim 1, wherein the bulbil konjac propagation material comprises subterranean bulbs, foliar bulbils, tissue culture seedlings, or seedling seeds.
4. The intercropping method of claim 3, wherein the propagation material is subterranean bulbs and the plant row spacing is 50-60cm x 50-60 cm.
5. The intercropping method of claim 3, wherein the propagation material is foliar bulblets, tissue culture seedlings or seedling seeds, and the plant row spacing is 20-30cm x 20-30 cm.
6. The intercropping method of claim 1, wherein pennisetum hydridum is planted in pennisetum hydridum stem segments containing 1-2 cryptocephalic buds at a planting spacing of 30-50 cm.
7. The intercropping method of claim 1, wherein the pennisetum hydridum is planted in 2-3 zones in the middle of the non-ridging position.
8. The intercropping method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the base fertilizer application before ditching comprises applying 60-100kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 1000kg of organic fertilizer, 1500kg of calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer and 75-120kg of quick lime per mu.
9. The intercropping method of claim 1, wherein after the leaves of amorphophallus bulbifer are fully unfolded, the high-potassium foliar fertilizer is sprayed for 1-2 times per month.
10. The intercropping method of claim 1, wherein after the pennisetum hydridum is planted, the pennisetum hydridum is mowed for 1 time in the next 2-3 months, before the amorphophallus rivieri is planted for 4-5 months, and after the amorphophallus rivieri is planted, the pennisetum hydridum is mowed for 1 time in the later period basically every two months, and after the amorphophallus rivieri is harvested, the pennisetum hydridum is mowed for 1 time.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109429956A (en) * | 2017-08-28 | 2019-03-08 | 陈耀辉 | A kind of method of the high culm plant intercropping and cultivating konjak in the north |
| CN112772329A (en) * | 2021-01-11 | 2021-05-11 | 富源县金地魔芋种业有限公司 | Cultivation method for intercropping and breeding sugarcane and bulbil konjak |
| CN113519364A (en) * | 2021-08-10 | 2021-10-22 | 富源县金地魔芋种业有限公司 | Ecological cultivation method for preventing and controlling weeds by intercropping konjak and Jujun grass |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109429956A (en) * | 2017-08-28 | 2019-03-08 | 陈耀辉 | A kind of method of the high culm plant intercropping and cultivating konjak in the north |
| CN112772329A (en) * | 2021-01-11 | 2021-05-11 | 富源县金地魔芋种业有限公司 | Cultivation method for intercropping and breeding sugarcane and bulbil konjak |
| CN113519364A (en) * | 2021-08-10 | 2021-10-22 | 富源县金地魔芋种业有限公司 | Ecological cultivation method for preventing and controlling weeds by intercropping konjak and Jujun grass |
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