CN114391437A - Method for cultivating outdoor summer squash in plateau area - Google Patents
Method for cultivating outdoor summer squash in plateau area Download PDFInfo
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- 240000001980 Cucurbita pepo Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 235000009852 Cucurbita pepo Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 31
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 235000009804 Cucurbita pepo subsp pepo Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 235000000832 Ayote Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 235000009854 Cucurbita moschata Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 235000015136 pumpkin Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 235000009364 Cucurbita pepo var ovifera Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 235000015510 Cucumis melo subsp melo Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- FJJCIZWZNKZHII-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4,6-bis(cyanoamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]cyanamide Chemical group N#CNC1=NC(NC#N)=NC(NC#N)=N1 FJJCIZWZNKZHII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 244000241257 Cucumis melo Species 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 241000194108 Bacillus licheniformis Species 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 241000408747 Lepomis gibbosus Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000020236 pumpkin seed Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004016 soil organic matter Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- NNBFNNNWANBMTI-UHFFFAOYSA-M brilliant green Chemical compound OS([O-])(=O)=O.C1=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)=C1C=CC(=[N+](CC)CC)C=C1 NNBFNNNWANBMTI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002362 mulch Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 abstract description 5
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 241000219130 Cucurbita pepo subsp. pepo Species 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000003954 Cucurbita pepo var melopepo Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 241000219112 Cucumis Species 0.000 description 15
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 5
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000009335 monocropping Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003621 irrigation water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241001638069 Rigidoporus microporus Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010169 landfilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention particularly relates to a cultivation method of outdoor pumpkin in a plateau area, and solves the problems that the existing planting mode is high in seedling shortage rate, large in plant disease hazard, weak in melon bearing property, premature in aging and low in land yield, and the development of the outdoor pumpkin industry is limited. A cultivation method of field pumpkin in plateau areas is realized by the following steps: s1: cleaning the field, eradicating weeds and removing stubbles; deeply ploughing soil, and filling soil in the field to enable the field surface to be flat; applying decomposed organic fertilizer, and leveling land; s2: high ridges are transversely made, the ridge surfaces and inter-row mulching films are fully covered, and drip irrigation is preferably paved under the films; s3: opening planting holes and watering for three times; s4: sowing by a dibbling method, covering moist fine soil with the thickness of 2.5cm after planting, and sealing the film opening by the moist fine soil; s5: watering and fertilizing after 1-2 zucchini fruits are caught; s6: and harvesting the fruits when the mass of the single pumpkin reaches 200g-300 g. The method achieves the purposes of high yield and high efficiency by protecting seedlings, cultivating strong seedlings, enhancing melon bearing performance and preventing premature senility of plants.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a method for cultivating outdoor summer squash in a plateau area.
Background
The pumpkin, also known as American pumpkin, belongs to an annual dicotyledonous herbaceous plant belonging to the pumpkin genus, can be planted in China all the year round, and is one of important melon vegetables.
Since the first hybrid 'early green first generation' of the summer squash is bred by our unit in 1975 and is popularized in a large area, the summer squash has great progress in variety updating, planting facilities and cultivation methods. The plateau area has unique geographical environment and climatic characteristics, and some produced vegetables play an important role in filling in a light or deficient area. In the development of plateau special agriculture, the summer squash occupies a certain area in facilities and open field production due to the characteristics of relative heat resistance, low temperature resistance, strong melon formation property, strong adaptability and the like. As the outdoor summer squash is produced, vegetable farmers have planting enthusiasm due to better benefit. However, in the technical development, due to the particularity of its geographical and climatic conditions, there are the following problems: the land margin plots have poor smoothness, are drought and waterlogging and cannot be sown in time; the direct seeding is influenced by the soil moisture condition, the germination rate is low, and the seedling shortage rate is high; high temperature drought, severe virus diseases and more medicine; continuous cropping, high temperature and high humidity, serious root rot in low-lying areas and the like and more dead seedlings; close planting, extension of plant internodes and vigorous growth; these all restrict the development of the industry.
Therefore, the cultivation method of the outdoor cucurbita pepo in the plateau area is needed to be invented, the yield is high, and the problems that the existing planting mode is high in seedling shortage rate, large in plant disease harmfulness, weak in melon bearing performance, premature senility and low in land yield, and the development of the outdoor cucurbita pepo industry is limited are solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a cultivation method of outdoor cucurbita pepo in a plateau area, aiming at solving the problems that the existing planting mode is high in seedling shortage rate, large in plant disease hazard, weak in melon formation, premature in aging and low in land yield and limits the development of the outdoor cucurbita pepo industry.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a cultivation method of field pumpkin in plateau areas is realized by the following steps:
s1: cleaning the field, eradicating weeds and removing stubbles; deeply ploughing soil, and filling soil in the field to enable the field surface to be flat; applying decomposed organic fertilizer, preparing land and raking, and planting in plots with soil organic matter content greater than 30 g/kg;
when selecting the field, attention should be paid to avoid continuous cropping of the pumpkin and other melons; the organic matter content of the used field is detected every two years to ensure that the organic matter content of the soil is more than 30 g/kg;
s2: making high ridges with the width of the ridge surface of 80-100 cm and the height of the ridge of 10-15 cm along the transverse direction, and fully covering the ridge surface and the inter-row mulching film;
s3: opening planting holes to enable the row spacing to be 95-100 cm and the plant spacing to be 60-65 cm, and enabling the plants in two adjacent rows to be distributed in a staggered mode along the transverse direction; the planting hole is 10cm-15cm in hole length, 10cm-15cm in hole width and 6cm in hole depth; watering for three times by adopting a ground watering water belt;
in the invention, the three-time watering of the ground water belt adopts uniform watering, so that the planting holes are thoroughly watered, and the aim of keeping the soil humidity before sowing is fulfilled.
S4: sowing seeds of the outdoor pumpkin by a dibbling method, enabling dibbling depth to be consistent, covering wet fine soil with the thickness of 2.5cm after planting, and sealing a film opening by the wet fine soil;
according to the method, the field pumpkin seeds are sown according to the conventional depth, and the sowing depth of each plant is consistent; the planting hole is a conical planting hole; after dibbling, directly covering soil above the seeds of the field pumpkin, wherein the thickness of the covered soil is less than the depth of the planting holes, and planting pits are left on the field surface after covering the soil, so that seedling emergence is facilitated.
S5: watering and fertilizing after 1-2 outdoor pumpkin fruits are caught; the fertilizing amount is per 667m25kg of compound fertilizer and 1-2 times of microbial agent are applied, and the dosage of the microbial agent is 100g-150 g/time.
S6: and harvesting when the mass of the single pumpkin reaches 200g-300 g.
Furthermore, the outdoor pumpkin seeds are relatively upright in plant stem, emerald green, multi-resistant, strong in melon bearing property, high in yield and strong in adaptabilityZucchini F1And (4) hybridizing.
Further, in step S1, the field soil is loam, sandy loam or a mixed soil composed of loam and sandy loam; the depth of the deep scarification soil is more than 35 cm; the fertilizing amount is 5m per mu3-6m3Decomposing organic fertilizer.
Further, in step S2, mulching films are covered on the high ridges and between the high ridge rows, and shallow trenches are formed between the plant rows for connection; drip irrigation is laid under the mulch in areas with good conditions, and 12m of water is dripped before sowing3Mu-15 m 3Per mu.
Further, in step S3, when the planting holes are opened, the plants in the odd-numbered rows are arranged in alignment, the plants in the even-numbered rows are arranged in alignment, and the first plant in the even-numbered rows and the first plant in the odd-numbered rows are transversely arranged at a spacing of 30cm to 32.5cm from each other, so that the plants in two adjacent rows are transversely staggered.
Further, in step S4, placing 1-2 exposed zucchini seeds in each planting hole in a flat manner or with the seed buds facing downwards when the exposed zucchini seeds are sown; the outdoor cucurbita pepo seeds are soaked and sprouted cucurbita pepo seeds or coated cucurbita pepo seeds coated by a microbial agent containing bacillus licheniformis; when the outdoor pumpkin seeds subjected to seed soaking and germination acceleration are used, the seed soaking and germination acceleration conditions comprise that the seeds are soaked in water at the temperature of 20-25 ℃ for 4 hours, the seeds are subjected to germination acceleration at the temperature of 25 ℃, and the seeds are sown when 70-80% of the seeds germinate.
In practice, the seeds of the outdoor coated summer squash do not need to be soaked for germination.
Further, in step S4, the sowing position is intra-membrane midline planting; the fine soil is composed of 2 parts of sieved garden soil and 1 part of seedling raising matrix or composed of 2 parts of sieved garden soil and 1 part of sieved decomposed organic fertilizer.
The sowing position is planting in the film, namely sowing the seeds of the field pumpkin in the middle of the ridge surface paved with the mulching film. Before preparing the fine soil for covering soil, the garden soil and the decomposed organic fertilizer are sieved to obtain the fine soil with the particle size meeting the requirement, and the fine soil is mixed with each other or with a seedling culture substrate according to a proportion.
Further, in step S5, the compound fertilizer is an 18-18-18 type compound fertilizer; the microbial agent is a bacillus licheniformis microbial agent.
The invention provides a cultivation method of outdoor summer squash in plateau areas, which has the following beneficial effects compared with the existing cultivation method:
(1) the invention adopts comprehensive measures of avoiding continuous cropping of the cucurbita pepo and other melons, deeply ploughing soil by more than 35cm, leveling land filling shape in a field, applying decomposed organic fertilizer, measuring soil once in two years and the like, and selecting loam and sandy loam with soil organic matter content of more than 30g/kg and cucurbita pepo F with multiple resistance and strong adaptability1The hybrid seeds and the bacillus licheniformis microbial agent are coated in a seed dressing manner, so that the flatness of the planted field is improved, water and fertilizer are preserved, and virus diseases and root rot diseases can be prevented.
(2) The invention reduces weeds and saves labor and cost by the full coverage of the mulching film; the agricultural irrigation water belt is used for laying and drip irrigation so as to improve the utilization rate of irrigation water; by the methods of seed soaking and germination accelerating, uniform water irrigation and full planting, uniform dibbling depth, wet fine soil coverage of 2.5cm and the like, fine soil consisting of 2 parts of sieved garden soil and 1 part of seedling raising matrix or consisting of 2 parts of sieved garden soil and 1 part of sieved decomposed organic fertilizer is selected, bottom moisture is preserved, covering, water retention and ventilation are carried out, drought is avoided, seedling is preserved, strong seedlings are cultivated, and the number of the seedling-preserved plants reaches 1000 plus 1100 plants/mu.
(3) The invention realizes the dislocation of plants by planting the flower arrangement in the central line of the spacing between two adjacent lines of plants, scientifically thinly plants the plants, and selects the variety with the relatively upright plant stem, thereby achieving the effects of ventilation and light transmission; the sustainability of the plants is strong by applying measures such as compound fertilizer, bacillus licheniformis microbial agent and the like.
(4) The invention achieves the purposes of high yield and high efficiency by protecting and cultivating strong seedlings, enhancing the melon bearing property and preventing the premature senility of plants.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A cultivation method of field pumpkin in plateau areas is realized by the following steps:
s1: cleaning the field, eradicating weeds and removing stubbles; deep ploughing soilThe depth of the deep ploughing loose soil is 35cm, and the field soil is loam; filling soil in the field to enable the field surface to be smooth; applying decomposed organic fertilizer with the fertilizing amount of 5m per mu3Decomposing organic fertilizer, preparing land and raking, and planting in plots with soil organic matter content of 30.1 g/kg;
s2: making high ridges with the ridge surface width of 80cm and the ridge height of 10cm along the transverse direction, covering mulching films on the high ridges and between the high ridges, and making shallow trenches between the rows of plants for connection;
s3: opening planting holes to enable the row spacing to be 100cm and the plant spacing to be 60cm, enabling the plants in the odd rows to be arranged in an aligned mode, enabling the plants in the even rows to be arranged in an aligned mode, and enabling the first plants in the even rows and the first plants in the odd rows to be arranged at a distance of 30cm along the transverse direction, so that the plants in two adjacent rows are distributed in a staggered mode along the transverse direction; the planting hole is 10cm in hole length, 10cm in hole width and 6cm in hole depth; watering for three times by adopting a ground watering water belt;
s4: sowing field summer squash F with relatively upright plant stem, emerald green, multiple resistance, strong melon bearing property, high yield and strong adaptability by the dibbling method1Seeds of the hybrid species; the outdoor pumpkin seeds are subjected to seed soaking and germination accelerating; soaking in 20 deg.C water for 4 hr, accelerating germination at 25 deg.C, and sowing when 70% of seeds germinate; planting in a film at the sowing position; 1 open field pumpkin seed is placed in each planting hole in a flat placing mode during sowing; dibbling depth is consistent, moist fine soil with the thickness of 2.5cm is covered after planting, and the film opening is covered by the moist fine soil; the fine soil consists of 2 parts of screened garden soil and 1 part of seedling raising matrix;
s5: watering and fertilizing after 1 outdoor pumpkin fruit is caught; the fertilizing amount is per 667m2Applying 5kg of 18-18-18 type compound fertilizer and 1 time of bacillus licheniformis microbial agent, wherein the dosage of the microbial agent is 100 g/time.
S6: and (5) harvesting when the mass of the single pumpkin in the field reaches 200 g.
By applying the method disclosed by the embodiment to cultivate the outdoor pumpkin, the number of seedlings is kept to be 1080/mu, weeds are reduced, labor is saved, cost is reduced, the rate of emergence is improved by 6.4%, and the survival rate of grown plants is improved by 9.1%.
Example 2
A cultivation method of field pumpkin in plateau areas is realized by the following steps:
s1: cleaning the field, eradicating weeds and removing stubbles; deeply ploughing soil, wherein the depth of the deeply ploughed loose soil is 36cm, and the field soil is sandy loam; filling soil in the field to enable the field surface to be smooth; applying decomposed organic fertilizer with the fertilizing amount of 6m per mu3Decomposing organic fertilizer, preparing land and raking, and planting in a land block with the soil organic matter content of 35.5 g/kg;
s2: making high furrows with the furrow surface width of 100cm and the furrow height of 15cm along the transverse direction, laying drip irrigation under the high furrows, and covering mulching films between the high furrows and the high furrows;
s3: 15m of water is dripped before sowing3Per mu. Planting holes are formed, the row spacing is 100cm, the plant spacing is 63cm, the plants in odd rows are arranged in an aligned mode, the plants in even rows are arranged in an aligned mode, and the distance between the first plant in even rows and the first plant in odd rows is 31.5cm along the transverse direction, so that the plants in two adjacent rows are distributed in a staggered mode along the transverse direction; the planting hole is 15cm in hole length, 15cm in hole width and 6cm in hole depth;
s4: sowing field summer squash F with relatively upright plant stem, emerald green, multiple resistance, strong melon bearing property, high yield and strong adaptability by the dibbling method1Seeds of the hybrid species; the outdoor pumpkin seeds are coated by a microbial agent containing bacillus licheniformis; planting in a film at the sowing position; during sowing, 2 outdoor cucurbita pepo seeds are placed in each planting hole in a way that one seed is placed horizontally and the other seed has a downward bud; dibbling depth is consistent, moist fine soil with the thickness of 2.5cm is covered after planting, and the film opening is covered by the moist fine soil; the fine soil consists of 2 parts of screened garden soil and 1 part of screened decomposed organic fertilizer;
s5: watering and fertilizing after 2 outdoor pumpkin fruits are caught; the fertilizing amount is per 667m2Applying 5kg of 18-18-18 type compound fertilizer and 2 times of bacillus licheniformis microbial agent, wherein the dosage of the microbial agent is 150 g/time.
S6: and (5) harvesting when the mass of the single pumpkin in the field reaches 300 g.
By applying the method disclosed by the embodiment to cultivate the outdoor pumpkin, the number of seedlings is 1040 plants/mu, weeds are reduced, labor is saved, cost is reduced, the rate of emergence is improved by 8.3%, and the survival rate of grown plants is improved by 11.8%.
Example 3
A cultivation method of field pumpkin in plateau areas is realized by the following steps:
s1: cleaning the field, eradicating weeds and removing stubbles; deeply ploughing soil, wherein the depth of the deeply ploughed loose soil is 37cm, and the field soil is sandy loam; filling soil in the field to enable the field surface to be smooth; applying decomposed organic fertilizer with the fertilizing amount of 6m per mu3Decomposing organic fertilizer, preparing land and raking, and planting in a land block with soil organic matter content of 34.6 g/kg;
s2: making high furrows with a ridge surface width of 85cm and a ridge height of 13cm along the transverse direction, covering mulching films on the high furrows and between the high furrows, and making shallow trenches between the rows of the plants for connection;
s3: opening planting holes to enable the row spacing to be 95cm and the plant spacing to be 63cm, enabling the plants in the odd rows to be arranged in an aligned mode, enabling the plants in the even rows to be arranged in an aligned mode, and enabling the first plant in the even rows and the first plant in the odd rows to be arranged at a distance of 31.5cm along the transverse direction, so that the plants in two adjacent rows are distributed in a staggered mode along the transverse direction; the planting hole is 12cm in hole length, 13cm in hole width and 6cm in hole depth; watering for three times by adopting a ground watering water belt;
s4: sowing field summer squash F with relatively upright plant stem, emerald green, multiple resistance, strong melon bearing property, high yield and strong adaptability by the dibbling method1Seeds of the hybrid species; the outdoor pumpkin seeds are coated by a microbial agent containing bacillus licheniformis; planting in a film at the sowing position; during sowing, 2 outdoor cucurbita pepo seeds are placed in each planting hole in a mode that the seed buds face downwards; dibbling depth is consistent, moist fine soil with the thickness of 2.5cm is covered after planting, and the film opening is covered by the moist fine soil; the fine soil consists of 2 parts of screened garden soil and 1 part of screened decomposed organic fertilizer;
s5: watering and fertilizing after 1 outdoor pumpkin fruit is caught; the fertilizing amount is per 667m2Applying 5kg of 18-18-18 type compound fertilizer and 1 time of bacillus licheniformis microbial agent, wherein the dosage of the microbial agent is 130 g/time.
S6: and (5) harvesting when the mass of the single pumpkin in the field reaches 250 g.
By applying the method disclosed by the embodiment to cultivate the outdoor pumpkin, the number of seedlings is kept at 1100/mu, weeds are reduced, labor is saved, cost is reduced, the emergence rate is improved by 7.5%, and the survival rate of the grown plants is improved by 10.2%.
Example 4
A cultivation method of field pumpkin in plateau areas is realized by the following steps:
s1: cleaning the field, eradicating weeds and removing stubbles; deeply ploughing soil, wherein the depth of the deeply ploughed loose soil is 35cm, and the field soil is mixed soil consisting of loam and sandy soil; filling soil in the field to enable the field surface to be smooth; applying decomposed organic fertilizer with the fertilizing amount of 5.5m per mu3Decomposing organic fertilizer, preparing land and raking, and planting in plots with the soil organic matter content of 33.9 g/kg;
s2: making high furrows with a furrow surface width of 90cm and a furrow height of 10cm along the transverse direction, covering mulching films between the high furrows and the high furrows, and making shallow trenches between the rows of plants for connection;
s3: planting holes are formed, the row spacing is 100cm, the plant spacing is 65cm, the plants in odd rows are arranged in an aligned mode, the plants in even rows are arranged in an aligned mode, and the distance between the first plant in even rows and the first plant in odd rows is 32.5cm along the transverse direction, so that the plants in two adjacent rows are distributed in a staggered mode along the transverse direction; the planting hole is 12cm in hole length, 12cm in hole width and 6cm in hole depth; watering for three times by adopting a ground watering water belt;
s4: sowing field summer squash F with relatively upright plant stem, emerald green, multiple resistance, strong melon bearing property, high yield and strong adaptability by the dibbling method1Seeds of the hybrid species; the outdoor pumpkin seeds are subjected to seed soaking and germination accelerating; soaking seeds in water at 25 deg.C for 4h, accelerating germination at 25 deg.C, and sowing when 80% of seeds germinate; planting in a film at the sowing position; 1 open field pumpkin seed is placed in each planting hole in a flat placing mode during sowing; dibbling depth is consistent, moist fine soil with the thickness of 2.5cm is covered after planting, and the film opening is covered by the moist fine soil; the fine soil consists of 2 parts of screened garden soil and 1 part of seedling raising matrix;
s5: watering and fertilizing after 1 outdoor pumpkin fruit is caught; the fertilizing amount is per 667m2Applying 5kg of 18-18-18 type compound fertilizer and 1 time of bacillus licheniformis microbial agent, wherein the dosage of the microbial agent is 100 g/time.
S6: and harvesting the fruits of the outdoor pumpkin when the quality of the outdoor pumpkin single melons reaches 280 g.
By applying the method disclosed by the embodiment to cultivate the outdoor pumpkin, the number of seedlings is 1000 per mu, weeds are reduced, labor is saved, cost is reduced, the rate of emergence is improved by 5.8%, and the survival rate of the grown plants is improved by 7.5%.
Example 5
A cultivation method of field pumpkin in plateau areas is realized by the following steps:
s1: cleaning the field, eradicating weeds and removing stubbles; deeply ploughing soil, wherein the depth of the deeply ploughed loose soil is 37cm, and the field soil is mixed soil consisting of loam and sandy soil; filling soil in the field to enable the field surface to be smooth; applying decomposed organic fertilizer with the fertilizing amount of 5m per mu3Decomposing organic fertilizer, preparing land and raking, and planting in a land block with soil organic matter content of 34.3 g/kg;
s2: making high furrows with the furrow surface width of 100cm and the furrow height of 15cm along the transverse direction, covering mulching films on the high furrows and the high furrows, and making shallow trenches between the plants and the rows to be connected; drip irrigation is laid under the film;
s3: dripping 12m before sowing3Per mu. Opening planting holes to enable the row spacing to be 97cm and the plant spacing to be 65cm, enabling the plants in the odd rows to be arranged in an aligned mode, enabling the plants in the even rows to be arranged in an aligned mode, and enabling the first plant in the even rows and the first plant in the odd rows to be arranged at a distance of 32.5cm along the transverse direction, so that the plants in two adjacent rows are distributed in a staggered mode along the transverse direction; the planting hole is 12cm in hole length, 11cm in hole width and 6cm in hole depth;
s4: sowing field summer squash F with relatively upright plant stem, emerald green, multiple resistance, strong melon bearing property, high yield and strong adaptability by the dibbling method1Seeds of the hybrid species; the outdoor pumpkin seeds are subjected to seed soaking and germination accelerating; the seed soaking and germination accelerating condition is that the seeds are soaked in water with the temperature of 20 ℃ for 4 hours, the seeds are germinated at the temperature of 25 ℃, and the seeds are sown when 75 percent of the seeds germinate;planting in a film at the sowing position; 1 open field pumpkin seed is placed in each planting hole during sowing in a mode that the seed bud faces downwards; dibbling depth is consistent, moist fine soil with the thickness of 2.5cm is covered after planting, and the film opening is covered by the moist fine soil; the fine soil consists of 2 parts of screened garden soil and 1 part of screened decomposed organic fertilizer;
s5: watering and fertilizing after 2 outdoor pumpkin fruits are caught; the fertilizing amount is per 667m2Applying 5kg of 18-18-18 type compound fertilizer and 1 time of bacillus licheniformis microbial agent, wherein the dosage of the microbial agent is 150 g/time.
S6: and harvesting the fruits of the outdoor pumpkin when the mass of the outdoor pumpkin single melons reaches 230 g.
By applying the method disclosed by the embodiment to cultivate the outdoor pumpkin, the number of seedlings is 1050 plants/mu, weeds are reduced, labor is saved, cost is reduced, the rate of emergence is improved by 5.9%, and the survival rate of grown plants is improved by 8.8%.
Claims (8)
1. A cultivation method of outdoor summer squash in plateau areas is characterized in that: the method is realized by adopting the following steps:
s1: cleaning the field, eradicating weeds and removing stubbles; deeply ploughing soil, and filling soil in the field to enable the field surface to be flat; applying decomposed organic fertilizer, preparing land and raking, and planting in plots with soil organic matter content greater than 30 g/kg;
s2: making high ridges with the width of the ridge surface of 80-100 cm and the height of the ridge of 10-15 cm along the transverse direction, and fully covering the ridge surface and the inter-row mulching film;
s3: opening planting holes to enable the row spacing to be 95-100 cm and the plant spacing to be 60-65 cm, and enabling the plants in two adjacent rows to be distributed in a staggered mode along the transverse direction; the planting hole is 10cm-15cm in hole length, 10cm-15cm in hole width and 6cm in hole depth; watering for three times by adopting a ground watering water belt;
s4: sowing seeds of the outdoor pumpkin by a dibbling method, enabling dibbling depth to be consistent, covering wet fine soil with the thickness of 2.5cm after planting, and sealing a film opening by the wet fine soil;
s5: watering and fertilizing after 1-2 outdoor pumpkin fruits are caught; the fertilizing amount is per 667m2Applying 5kg of compound fertilizer and 1-2 times of microbial agent,the dosage of the microbial agent is 100g-150 g/time;
s6: and harvesting when the mass of the single pumpkin reaches 200g-300 g.
2. The method for cultivating the field pumpkin in the plateau area as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the outdoor cucurbita pepo seeds are cucurbita pepo F with relatively upright plant stems, emerald green color, multiple resistance, strong melon bearing property, high yield and strong adaptability1And (4) hybridizing.
3. The method for cultivating the field pumpkin in the plateau area as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step S1, the field soil is loam, sandy loam or mixed soil composed of loam and sandy loam; the depth of the deep scarification soil is more than 35 cm; the fertilizing amount is 5m per mu3-6m3Decomposing organic fertilizer.
4. The method for cultivating the field pumpkin in the plateau area as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step S2, mulching films are covered on the high ridges and the high ridge row spaces; drip irrigation is laid under the mulch in areas with good conditions, and 12m of water is dripped before sowing3Mu-15 m 3Per mu.
5. The method for cultivating the field pumpkin in the plateau area as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step S3, when planting holes are opened, the plants in odd-numbered rows are arranged in alignment, the plants in even-numbered rows are arranged in alignment, and the first plant in even-numbered rows and the first plant in odd-numbered rows are arranged in the transverse direction at a spacing of 30cm to 32.5cm from each other, thereby realizing the staggered arrangement of the plants in two adjacent rows in the transverse direction.
6. The method for cultivating the field pumpkin in the plateau area as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step S4, 1-2 outdoor pumpkin seeds are placed in each planting hole when the outdoor pumpkin seeds are sowed, and the placing mode is flat placement or the seed buds are downward; the outdoor cucurbita pepo seeds are soaked and sprouted cucurbita pepo seeds or coated cucurbita pepo seeds coated by a microbial agent containing bacillus licheniformis; when the outdoor pumpkin seeds subjected to seed soaking and germination acceleration are used, the seed soaking and germination acceleration conditions comprise that the seeds are soaked in water at the temperature of 20-25 ℃ for 4 hours, the seeds are subjected to germination acceleration at the temperature of 25 ℃, and the seeds are sown when 70-80% of the seeds germinate.
7. The method for cultivating the field pumpkin in the plateau area as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step S4, planting in the film is the sowing position; the fine soil is composed of 2 parts of sieved garden soil and 1 part of seedling raising matrix or composed of 2 parts of sieved garden soil and 1 part of sieved decomposed organic fertilizer.
8. The method for cultivating the field pumpkin in the plateau area as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step S5, the compound fertilizer is 18-18-18 type compound fertilizer; the microbial agent is a bacillus licheniformis microbial agent.
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| CN106719844A (en) * | 2016-12-26 | 2017-05-31 | 山西省农业科学院蔬菜研究所 | A kind of biological seed coating agent of cucurbita pepo root rot and preparation method thereof |
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| CN106719844A (en) * | 2016-12-26 | 2017-05-31 | 山西省农业科学院蔬菜研究所 | A kind of biological seed coating agent of cucurbita pepo root rot and preparation method thereof |
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