CN114365711A - Selenium-rich oyster cultivation method - Google Patents
Selenium-rich oyster cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114365711A CN114365711A CN202210079154.9A CN202210079154A CN114365711A CN 114365711 A CN114365711 A CN 114365711A CN 202210079154 A CN202210079154 A CN 202210079154A CN 114365711 A CN114365711 A CN 114365711A
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- 241000237502 Ostreidae Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 124
- 235000020636 oyster Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 124
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
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- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
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- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 6
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- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 235000015170 shellfish Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/54—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of bivalves, e.g. oysters or mussels
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a selenium-rich oyster cultivation method, which solves the technical problem of the blank research and development of the existing selenium-rich oyster cultivation method and comprises the following steps: (1) splitting and cleaning the oyster fattening in the breeding sea area, and transferring the oyster into an indoor breeding pond; (2) putting oysters in a culture basket, and stacking the culture basket into a culture pond; (3) filtering and sterilizing seawater, and introducing into a culture pond, wherein the seawater in the culture pond submerges the culture basket at the uppermost layer; during the culture period, the seawater in the culture pond is not circulated, the temperature of the seawater is 16-18 ℃, and the salinity of the seawater is 30-32 per mill; (4) feeding selenium-rich oyster feed to the seawater in the culture pond regularly, wherein the feeding amount is 50-100mg/kg of the water body in the culture pond; (5) the seawater in the culture pond is emptied once at regular intervals, the culture pond and the culture basket are washed, and after the washing is finished, the seawater which is filtered, sterilized and adjusted in temperature and salinity is introduced, wherein the seawater temperature is 16-18 ℃, and the salinity of the seawater is 30-32 per mill, so that the method can be widely applied to the technical field of aquaculture.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to a selenium-rich oyster cultivation method.
Background
Oyster is common shellfish in coastal areas of China, called oyster in Fujian and Guangdong, oyster yellow in Zhejiang and Jiangsu, oyster or oyster in Liaoning and Shandong. The oysters are shellfish with economic value, rich nutrition and delicious meat taste, dry matter of a soft body part contains 45-57% of protein, 7-11% of fat, 19-38% of liver glycogen, 200 times of iodine content higher than milk or egg yolk, and a large amount of vitamins, and the oyster is a high-protein low-fat marine product, also called as 'marine milk'.
Selenium is a trace nutrient element necessary for human body, and at present, it is proved that selenium is an important component for forming 30 kinds of selenium-containing proteins and selenium-containing enzymes in the body of mammals, such as glutathione peroxidase, thioredoxin and iodothyronine deiodinase, and its main function is to participate in the synthesis of enzymes, avoid the over-oxidation of cell membranes, protect its structure and function, have multiple biological functions of improving immunity, resisting oxidation, resisting tumor, preventing cardiovascular disease, epilepsy, delaying senility, etc., and is known as "life fire", "anticancer king", etc.
In 1973, the WHO and the international nutrition organization regulated selenium to be a micronutrient essential to humans and animals. There are over 40 countries and regions around the world, with about 5-10 million people lacking selenium. Two thirds of areas in China belong to selenium deficiency areas, and 30 percent of the areas are serious selenium deficiency areas. The selenium intake of human bodies is recommended to be 50-200 mug/d by the Chinese society of nutrition, while the selenium intake of urban residents in China is only 26-32 mug/d, and is seriously low.
The biological conversion method is used for converting inorganic selenium into organic selenium, so that the selenium content in food is increased, and the method is an important way for improving selenium nutrition of human bodies. The selenium source is supplemented through diet, the immunity of the human body is improved, the health and the long life of people are realized, and the selenium-enriched health-care food is a national problem which is focused on by all countries in the world. The selenium-rich agricultural product is a high-value agricultural product with a health care function, and can be used for scientifically supplementing selenium. The selenium is scientifically supplemented by selenium-rich agricultural products, and the per-capita selenium intake of residents in selenium-deficient countries such as British, Finland, Australia and the like is effectively improved.
With the vigorous development of domestic electric power business, the oysters which can be eaten by only residents in coastal areas originally walk into dining tables of residents in inland cities and countryside, and the requirement that the oysters are delicious by single eating and have integrated health care function is generated. At present, oyster cultivation is developed to be hung in deep water by utilizing floating rafts, in the oyster cultivation process, cultivation facilities float on the sea surface, wide sea surface is opened, strong wind power and strong sea waves directly impact the floating rafts, so that the selenium-rich oyster feed cannot be fed, and the blank of the research and development of the domestic selenium-rich oyster cultivation method needs to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical defects and provide a method for culturing selenium-rich oysters on the basis of ensuring the survival rate.
Therefore, the invention provides a method for culturing selenium-rich oysters, which comprises the following steps:
(1) splitting and cleaning the oyster fattening in the breeding sea area, and then transferring the oyster to an indoor breeding pond for breeding;
(2) putting oysters in a shallow tray cultivation basket with holes, and stacking the cultivation basket into a cultivation pond;
(3) filtering and sterilizing seawater, and introducing into a culture pond, wherein the seawater in the culture pond submerges the culture basket at the uppermost layer; during the culture period, the seawater in the culture pond is not circulated, the temperature of the seawater is controlled to be 16-18 ℃, and the salinity of the seawater is controlled to be 30-32 per mill;
(4) feeding selenium-rich oyster feed to the seawater in the culture pond regularly, wherein the feeding amount is 50-100mg/kg of the water body in the culture pond;
(5) emptying seawater of the culture pond once periodically, flushing the culture pond and the culture basket, and introducing seawater which is filtered, sterilized, and adjusted in temperature and salinity after flushing, wherein the temperature of the seawater is controlled to be 16-18 ℃, and the salinity of the seawater is controlled to be 30-32 per thousand.
Preferably, the culture pond is filled with 30m3Seawater, the weight of the oysters cultured in each pond is 500-1000 kg.
Preferably, 3 layers of oysters are stacked in each cultivation basket, and the cultivation baskets are stacked to the depth of 4/5 below the water depth of the cultivation pond.
Preferably, the bottom, the wall and the cultivation basket of the cultivation pond are washed by a water gun every 5 days.
Preferably, the selenium content in the selenium-rich oyster feed is 0.50-1.50mg/kg, and the feed is fed for 1-2 times per day.
Preferably, the oyster cultivation period is 20-30 days.
Preferably, the bottom and the wall of the cultivation basket are provided with water through holes.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a method for culturing selenium-rich oysters, which is characterized in that the oysters fattened in a culturing sea area are fed with selenium-rich oyster feed in a culturing pond for the first time, the culturing method ensures the survival rate of the oysters, and compared with the oysters fattened in the culturing sea area, the cultured oysters can provide selenium-rich oysters, and the oysters rich in selenium can supplement selenium source through diet, thereby being an important way for improving the selenium nutrition of human bodies and improving the immunity of human bodies. The invention fills the domestic technical blank and has great popularization value.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the invented basket.
The labels in the figure are: 1. a water hole.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects to be solved by the present application clearer, the present application is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. The method used in the invention is a conventional method if no special provisions are made; the raw materials and the apparatus used are, unless otherwise specified, conventional commercially available products.
Example 1
The invention provides a method for culturing selenium-rich oysters, which comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting the monomeric oysters with the weight of between 100 and 150g from the fattening oyster in the breeding sea area, splitting and cleaning the monomeric oysters, and transferring the monomeric oysters to an indoor breeding pond for breeding;
(2) putting oysters in the shallow tray cultivation baskets with holes as shown in figure 1, stacking 3 layers of oysters in each cultivation basket, and stacking the cultivation baskets in a cultivation pond;
(3) filtering seawater, sterilizing, introducing into culture pond with 30m3Seawater, wherein the weight of the oysters cultured in each pond is 1000kg, the seawater in the culture pond submerges the culture basket at the uppermost layer, and the culture baskets are stacked to be below 4/5 of the water depth of the culture pond; during the culture period, the seawater in the culture pond is not circulated, the temperature of the seawater is controlled at 16 ℃, and the salinity of the seawater is controlled at 30 per mill;
(4) feeding selenium-rich oyster feed to seawater in the culture pond, wherein the content of selenium in the selenium-rich oyster feed is 0.50mg/kg, feeding the feed for 2 times every day, and the feeding amount of each time is 50mg/kg of the water body in the culture pond;
(5) emptying the seawater of the culture pond once every 5 days, flushing the bottom, the wall and the basket of the culture pond by using a water gun, and introducing filtered and sterilized seawater with well regulated temperature and salinity after flushing, wherein the temperature of the seawater is controlled at 16 ℃, and the salinity of the seawater is controlled at 30 per thousand.
(6) The oyster cultivation period is 30 days, and after the selenium-rich oysters are cultivated, the selenium-rich oysters are cleaned, boxed and packaged to form the selenium-rich oysters for sale.
Example 2
The invention provides a method for culturing selenium-rich oysters, which comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting the monomeric oysters with the weight of between 100 and 150g from the fattening oyster in the breeding sea area, splitting and cleaning the monomeric oysters, and transferring the monomeric oysters to an indoor breeding pond for breeding;
(2) putting oysters in the shallow tray cultivation baskets with holes as shown in figure 1, stacking 3 layers of oysters in each cultivation basket, and stacking the cultivation baskets in a cultivation pond;
(3) filtering seawater, sterilizing, introducing into culture pond with 30m3Sea water per unitThe weight of the oysters cultured in the pond is 1000kg, seawater in the culture pond submerges the culture basket at the uppermost layer, and the culture baskets are stacked to be below 4/5 of the water depth of the culture pond; during the culture period, the seawater in the culture pond is not circulated, the temperature of the seawater is controlled at 17 ℃, and the salinity of the seawater is controlled at 31 per mill;
(4) feeding selenium-rich oyster feed to seawater in the culture pond, wherein the content of selenium in the selenium-rich oyster feed is 1.00mg/kg, feeding the feed for 1 time every day, and the feeding amount of each time is 75mg/kg of the water body in the culture pond;
(5) emptying the seawater of the culture pond once every 5 days, flushing the bottom, the wall and the basket of the culture pond by using a water gun, and introducing filtered and sterilized seawater with well regulated temperature and salinity after flushing, wherein the temperature of the seawater is controlled at 17 ℃, and the salinity of the seawater is controlled at 31 per thousand.
(6) The oyster cultivation period is 25 days, and after the selenium-rich oysters are cultivated, the selenium-rich oysters are cleaned, boxed and packaged to form the selenium-rich oysters for sale.
Example 3
The invention provides a method for culturing selenium-rich oysters, which comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting the monomeric oysters with the weight of between 100 and 150g from the fattening oyster in the breeding sea area, splitting and cleaning the monomeric oysters, and transferring the monomeric oysters to an indoor breeding pond for breeding;
(2) putting oysters in the shallow tray cultivation baskets with holes as shown in figure 1, stacking 3 layers of oysters in each cultivation basket, and stacking the cultivation baskets in a cultivation pond;
(3) filtering seawater, sterilizing, introducing into culture pond with 30m3Seawater, wherein the weight of the oysters cultured in each pond is 1000kg, the seawater in the culture pond submerges the culture basket at the uppermost layer, and the culture baskets are stacked to be below 4/5 of the water depth of the culture pond; during the culture period, the seawater in the culture pond is not circulated, the temperature of the seawater is controlled at 18 ℃, and the salinity of the seawater is controlled at 32 per mill;
(4) feeding selenium-rich oyster feed to seawater in the culture pond, wherein the content of selenium in the selenium-rich oyster feed is 1.50mg/kg, feeding the feed for 1 time every day, and the feeding amount of each time is 100mg/kg of the water body in the culture pond;
(5) emptying the seawater of the culture pond once every 5 days, flushing the bottom, the wall and the basket of the culture pond by using a water gun, and introducing filtered and sterilized seawater with well regulated temperature and salinity after flushing, wherein the temperature of the seawater is controlled at 18 ℃, and the salinity of the seawater is controlled at 32 per thousand.
(6) The oyster cultivation period is 30 days, and after the selenium-rich oysters are cultivated, the selenium-rich oysters are cleaned, boxed and packaged to form the selenium-rich oysters for sale.
The bottom and wall of the cultivation basket used in the above examples 1 to 3 are provided with water holes 1 for passing seawater and selenium-rich oyster feed, as shown in fig. 1. When oysters are placed in the breeding basket, one side of each oyster with the groove faces downwards, one side of each oyster with the groove faces upwards, the oysters are placed next to one another, after the first layer in the breeding basket is filled with oysters, the second layer is filled with oysters in the first layer by the same method, and the third layer is filled with oysters in the second layer by the same method.
In the above examples 1 to 3, the cultivation baskets are stacked below 4/5 of the depth of the cultivation pond, that is, the upper edge of the uppermost cultivation basket is at least 1/5 of the total depth of seawater from the water surface. Because the selenium-rich oyster feed is suspended in seawater, if the cultivation baskets are stacked too high, the feed intake of oysters positioned in the upper cultivation basket is influenced.
In the above embodiments 1 to 3, oxygen is supplied to the cultivation pond during the cultivation of the oysters, so as to increase the oxygen content in the cultivation pond.
Comparative example 1
The method comprises the steps of selecting the oyster which is fattened and finished in a fattening breeding mode of a breeding sea area, selecting the monomeric oyster with the weight of between 100 and 150g, and directly detecting the selenium content in the oyster after splitting and cleaning. The oysters used in the above examples 1-3 and comparative example 1 are all from the same batch of cage fattening cultivation in the cultivation sea area.
The contents of selenium and survival rate of oysters of examples 1 to 3, and the selenium content of comparative example 1 were determined, and the results are shown in the following table:
| selenium content | Survival rate | |
| Comparative example 1 | 0.58mg/kg | / |
| Example 1 | 2.07mg/kg | 94.6％ |
| Example 2 | 2.41mg/kg | 95.1％ |
| Example 3 | 2.83mg/kg | 94.9％ |
The survival rate (%) of the oysters is shown above as the weight of the surviving oysters/total weight of oysters.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a method for culturing selenium-rich oysters, which is characterized in that the oysters fattened in a culturing sea area are fed with selenium-rich oyster feed in a culturing pond for the first time, the culturing method ensures the survival rate of the oysters, and compared with the oysters fattened in the culturing sea area, the cultured oysters can provide selenium-rich oysters, and the oysters rich in selenium can supplement selenium source through diet, thereby being an important way for improving the selenium nutrition of human bodies and improving the immunity of human bodies. The invention fills the domestic technical blank and has great popularization value.
The above description is only exemplary of the present application and should not be taken as limiting the present application, as any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (7)
1. The method for culturing the selenium-rich oysters is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) splitting and cleaning the oyster fattening in the breeding sea area, and then transferring the oyster to an indoor breeding pond for breeding;
(2) putting oysters in a shallow tray cultivation basket with holes, and stacking the cultivation basket into a cultivation pond;
(3) filtering and sterilizing seawater, and introducing the seawater into the culture pond, wherein the seawater in the culture pond submerges the culture basket on the uppermost layer; during the culture period, the seawater in the culture pond is not circulated, the temperature of the seawater is controlled to be 16-18 ℃, and the salinity of the seawater is controlled to be 30-32 per mill;
(4) feeding selenium-rich oyster feed to the seawater in the culture pond regularly, wherein the feeding amount is 50-100mg/kg of the water body in the culture pond;
(5) and periodically emptying the seawater of the culture pond once, flushing the culture pond and the culture basket, and introducing seawater which is filtered, sterilized and adjusted in temperature and salinity after flushing is finished, wherein the temperature of the seawater is controlled to be 16-18 ℃, and the salinity of the seawater is controlled to be 30-32 per thousand.
2. The method for culturing the selenium-rich oysters according to claim 1, wherein 30m of selenium is introduced into the culture pond3Seawater, the weight of the oysters cultured in each pond is 500-1000 kg.
3. The method for culturing the oysters rich in selenium according to claim 1, wherein 3 layers of oysters are stacked in each culture basket, and the culture baskets are stacked to a depth of 4/5 below the water depth of the culture pond.
4. The method for culturing the selenium-rich oysters according to claim 1, wherein the bottom and the walls of the culture pond and the culture basket are flushed with water guns every 5 days.
5. The method for culturing the selenium-rich oysters according to claim 1, wherein the selenium content in the selenium-rich oyster feed is 0.50-1.50mg/kg, and the feed is fed for 1-2 times per day.
6. The method for culturing the oysters rich in selenium according to claim 5, wherein the oyster culture cycle is 20-30 days.
7. The method for cultivating the selenium-rich oysters according to claim 1, wherein the bottom and the wall of the cultivation basket are provided with water through holes.
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