CN114287248A - Insect-preventing disease-resistant seedling raising method for roxburgh rose - Google Patents
Insect-preventing disease-resistant seedling raising method for roxburgh rose Download PDFInfo
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Images
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of roxburgh rose seedling culture, in particular to an insect-proof disease-resistant seedling culture method of roxburgh rose, aiming at the problem of lower survival rate of roxburgh rose seedlings in the prior art, the invention provides the following scheme, which comprises the following operation steps: s1, collecting cutting shoots, and collecting branches which grow vigorously and have no diseases and insect pests as the cutting shoots on a stock plant which grows for 6-20 years and has a good variety; s2, pretreating cutting slips, bundling 50 cutting slips in each bundle, uniformly facing the cutting openings, placing the cutting slips in indoor and outdoor cool and ventilated places, flatly placing the cutting slips in order, and soaking the base parts of the cutting slips for 1-2 hours by using rooting powder solution before cutting. The method not only effectively improves the survival rate of the roxburgh rose seedlings, but also is convenient for field management of the seedlings and easy to popularize and use.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of roxburgh rose seedling culture, in particular to an insect-proof disease-resistant seedling culture method for roxburgh rose without thorn.
Background
Rosa roxburghii Tratt, Rosa of Rosaceae, has spiny branches, complex leaves with odd feathers, and has pale red or pink flowers with burrs on the surface, so it is commonly called spiny pineapple. The roxburgh rose contains rich nutrient substances such as fiber, sucrose, glucose, fructose, protein, amino acid, vitamin, trace elements and the like, wherein the roxburgh rose contains high content of vitamin C, and the vitamin is called vitamin C king.
The roxburgh rose is one of roxburgh roses, the roxburgh rose plant in the prior art is propagated asexually by adopting a cutting mode, but the survival rate of roxburgh rose seedlings is lower because the roxburgh rose seedlings are easily affected by insect pests, and therefore the scheme provides the insect-preventing disease-resistant seedling culture method of the roxburgh rose.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an insect-prevention disease-resistant seedling raising method for roxburgh rose, which solves the problem of low survival rate of roxburgh rose seedlings in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an insect-preventing disease-resistant seedling raising method for roxburgh rose comprises the following operation steps:
s1, collecting cutting shoots, and collecting branches which grow vigorously and have no diseases and insect pests as the cutting shoots on a stock plant which grows for 6-20 years and has a good variety;
s2, pretreating cutting slips, bundling 50 cut slips in a bundle, uniformly facing and bundling the cut openings, placing the bundle in an indoor and outdoor cool and ventilated place, flatly placing the bundle in order, and soaking the base parts of the cutting slips for 1-2 hours by using rooting powder solution before cuttage;
s3, preparing soil, deeply ploughing soil of the cutting soil, crushing large soil into uniform small blocks, and arranging the small blocks on the arranged soil to form a cutting bed;
s4, soil disinfection, namely, disinfecting the soil of the cutting bed prepared in the step S3;
s5, applying base fertilizer, applying farmyard manure or compound fertilizer on the cutting bed after the disinfection treatment in the S2 step, and keeping the soil moist;
s6, cutting the cutting shoots, namely cutting the cutting shoots processed in the step S2 in the soil processed in the step S5, and cutting the cutting shoots according to the distance of 35 +/-5 multiplied by 35 +/-5 cm of the cutting shoots, wherein the cutting depth is 6-8 cm;
s7, field management, namely weeding, killing insects, watering or draining the soil according to the growth of weeds and the hardened condition of the soil, and keeping the soil moist;
and S8, topdressing, namely topdressing with urea in the middle and last ten days of 5 months to the last ten days of 7 months after the cutting shoots survive, and topdressing every 20-30 days for 2-3 times.
Preferably, the thickness of the cutting slip in the step S1 is preferably 50mm to 100mm, the collection length of the cutting slip is 8cm to 12cm, and the cut of the cutting slip is inclined downward at an angle of 45 ° to 60 °.
Preferably, the concentration of the rooting powder solution used in the step S2 is 30-50mg/kg, and the depth of the cutting shoot soaked in the rooting powder solution is 2-4 cm.
Preferably, the cutting land in the step S3 is selected from loam which has gentle topography, is leeward, is exposed to the sun, has sufficient water source, is convenient to drain and irrigate, has loose soil quality and is fertile, the soil layer thickness is more than 60cm, and the pH value is 5.5-6.5.
Preferably, the depth of the deep ploughing of the cutting soil in the step S3 is greater than 30cm, the deep ploughed soil is broken into small pieces with relatively uniform sizes, and the soil surface is finished to be smooth.
Preferably, the width of the cuttage bed in the step S3 is 0.9-1m, the height of the cuttage bed is 20-25cm, the length of the cuttage bed is determined by the length of the cuttage land, the surface of the cuttage bed is flat, and a footpath with the width of 35-40cm is arranged between the cuttage beds.
Preferably, the soil disinfection agent used in the step S4 is a mixture of 75% quintozene and 50% phoxim or a mixture of zineb and 50% phoxim for disinfecting the cutting bed, wherein the dosage of 75% quintozene is 2-4g/m250% of phoxim is calculated according to 3g/m2The dosage of the zineb is 2g/m2When the insecticide is used, 75% of quintozene, 50% of phoxim and zineb are uniformly mixed with a proper amount of fine soil and then are uniformly thrown on a cutting bed to kill insects and sterilize the soil of the cutting bed.
Preferably, the application amount of farmyard manure in the S5 step is 4.5 +/-0.5 kg/m2Counting N, P, K and K in the compound fertilizer, wherein the application amount of the compound fertilizer is 85-95g/m2And (6) counting.
Preferably, the pest control in the step S7 mainly aims at Grapholitha molesta Busck, Long-tube rose aphid, white rose verticillium lecanii and powdery mildew, and the like, and is mainly implemented by spraying 1500 times of liquid diluted by 40% dimethoate emulsion or 2000 times of liquid diluted by 80% dichlorvos to control Grapholitha molesta Busck, Grapholitha molesta Busck and Long rose aphid, spraying 5-degree lime sulfur mixture to control Blania rosa blume in winter, spraying 1000 times of liquid diluted by 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder or spraying 1500 times of liquid diluted by 155-triadimefon wettable powder to control powdery mildew, and regarding the pest control of the spiny pear to cut off seedlings with field pest-rotten buds.
Preferably, the step S8 is to use the additional fertilizer in which urea is urea: and (3) uniformly spraying the urea diluent at the position of the soil close to the root of the cutting slips during each fertilization, wherein the water is the urea diluent with the ratio of 1: 500.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the cutting slips are identified before collection, so that the cutting slips have certain insect-resistant and disease-resistant capabilities, the downward shearing opening is inclined, the exposed area of the shearing opening is effectively enlarged, the cutting slips are conveniently inserted into a secondary cutting bed, and cutting slips seedlings are easy to root after being soaked by rooting powder, so that the survival rate of the cutting slips is maintained.
2. Through killing insects and disinfecting to the cuttage soil, for the cutting shoot makes good cuttage environment, the lower cutting shoot receives the threat from pest and germ at the cuttage initial stage, guarantees the survival rate of cutting shoot, and the interval between the cutting shoots of cuttage is great, when the disease and pest harm cutting shoot appears, can reduce the influence of the cutting shoot of disease to adjacent cutting shoot, the later stage of being convenient for carries out the pest control to no thorn pear seedling.
The method not only effectively improves the survival rate of the roxburgh rose seedlings, but also is convenient for field management of the seedlings and easy to popularize and use.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating the operation steps of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the operation steps of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1-2, an insect-preventing disease-resistant seedling raising method for roxburgh rose comprises the following operation steps:
s1, collecting cutting slips, collecting branches which grow robustly and do not have diseases and insect pests on thorny-free roxburgh rose stock plants which grow for 6-20 years and have excellent varieties as the cutting slips, wherein the thickness of the cutting slips is preferably 50-100 mm, the collection length of the cutting slips is 8-12cm, the cut of the cutting slips inclines downwards at an angle of 45-60 degrees, and the collection is preferably carried out after 11-12 months of roxburgh rose leaves fall every year;
s2, pretreating cutting slips, bundling 50 cut slips in a bundle, uniformly facing and bundling cutting openings, placing the cut slips at an indoor and outdoor cool and ventilated place, flatly and tidily placing the cut slips, soaking the base parts of the cut slips for 1-2 hours by using rooting powder solution before cuttage, wherein the concentration of the rooting powder solution is 30-50mg/kg, the depth of the cut slips soaked in the rooting powder solution is 2-4cm, and when the exposed preservation time of the cut slips exceeds 6 hours, before the rooting powder solution is soaked, cutting the bottom of the cut slips by 0.3-0.5cm along the original cutting openings to promote the rooting powder solution to be absorbed by the cut slips as much as possible;
s3, soil preparation, namely selecting soil with gentle topography, leeward, sunny exposure, sufficient water source, convenient irrigation and drainage, loose soil quality and fertile soil, preferably soil with the soil layer thickness of more than 60cm and the pH value of 5.5-6.5 as cutting soil, deeply ploughing the soil of the cutting soil, wherein the deep ploughing depth of the soil is more than 30cm, crushing the deeply ploughed soil into small blocks with relatively uniform size, finishing the soil surface to flatten the soil surface, finishing and making a cutting bed on the finished soil, wherein the width of the cutting bed is 0.9-1m, the height of the cutting bed is 20-25cm, the length of the cutting bed is determined by the length of the cutting soil, the surface of the cutting bed is smooth, and a step road with the width of 35-40cm is arranged between the cutting beds;
s4, soil disinfection, namely disinfecting and killing the cuttage bed by using a mixture of 75% quintozene and 50% phoxim as a disinfectant used for soil disinfection, uniformly mixing the 75% quintozene and 50% phoxim with a proper amount of fine soil when in use, uniformly throwing the mixture on the cuttage bed, and killing insects and sterilizing the cuttage bed soil, wherein the using amount of the 75% quintozene is 2-4g/m2Calculated by 50 percent of phoxim, the using amount is 3g/m2Or sterilizing the cutting bed by using a mixture of zineb and 50% phoxim, and mixing the zineb and 50% phoxim with a proper amount of fine soil when in useUniformly mixing, uniformly throwing on a cutting bed, and performing insect killing and sterilization on soil of the cutting bed, wherein the using amount of the zineb is 2g/m2The usage amount of 50 percent phoxim is 3g/m2Counting;
s5, applying base fertilizer, and applying farmyard manure or compound fertilizer on the cutting bed sterilized in the step S2, wherein the application amount of the farmyard manure is 4.5 +/-0.5 kg/m2Counting N, P, K and K in the compound fertilizer, wherein the application amount of the compound fertilizer is 85-95g/m2Measuring and keeping the soil moist;
s6, cutting the cutting shoots, namely cutting the cutting shoots processed in the step S2 in the soil processed in the step S5, and cutting the cutting shoots at the distance of 35 +/-5 multiplied by 35 +/-5 cm, wherein the cutting depth is 6-8cm, so that the tops of the cutting shoots are exposed out of the soil surface by 2-4 cm;
s7, field management, weeding the soil according to the growth of weeds and the soil hardening condition, paying attention to pest control, watering the soil at random, keeping the soil moist, paying attention to waterlogging, keeping a good land drainage system, mainly aiming at Grapholitha molesta Busck, Leptochlamus roseus and powdery mildew, spraying 40% dimethoate emulsion to dilute 1500 times or 80% dichlorvos to dilute 2000 times, controlling Grapholitha molesta Busck, Grapholitha molesta Busck and Rosa laevigata, spraying 5-degree lime sulphur to control Grapholitha molesta in winter, spraying 70% thiophanate wettable powder to dilute 800 times or 155 times of liquid and spraying 1500 times of wettable powder of triadimefon pink rust powder to control powdery mildew, for the pest control of the thorn-free rosa roxburghii tratt, cutting off seedling plants infected with diseases and pests and withered buds in the field is important, and the seedling plants infected with the pests are prevented from infecting other seedling plants;
s8, topdressing, and topdressing with urea in the middle and last ten days of the next 5 months to the last 7 months after the cutting shoots survive: and (3) uniformly spraying the urea diluent at the position of the soil close to the root of the cutting slips in each fertilization, and applying the fertilizer once every 20-30 days for 2-3 times.
The working principle is as follows: when the method is used, soil in which roxburgh roses are not planted in the last 3 years is selected 11-12 months per year, the soil is sorted, after the soil is turned, crushed and leveled, a plurality of cuttage beds with the width of 0.9-1m and the height of 20-25cm are made on the surface of the soil, a step with the width of 35-40cm is arranged among the cuttage beds, then the plurality of cuttage beds are subjected to insect killing and sterilization, then base fertilizer is applied to the cuttage beds, the soil sorting is completed, branches which grow robustly and have no diseases and insect pests are collected as cuttings while the soil is sorted, the cut cuttings are bundled according to 50 cuttings in a unified direction, the cuttings are placed in an indoor and outdoor cool and ventilated place and are placed in a flat tidy mode, the base parts of the cuttings are soaked for 1-2 hours by using rooting powder solution before cuttage, when the cuttings are stored for more than 6 hours in an open air, the original cutting openings need to be cut before the rooting powder solution is soaked, cutting off 0.3-0.5cm of the bottom of the cutting slips to facilitate the rooting powder solution to be absorbed by the cutting slips as much as possible, cutting the cutting slips according to the distance of 35 +/-5 multiplied by 35 +/-5 cm, wherein the cutting depth is 6-8cm, so that the top of the cutting slips is exposed out of 2-4cm of the soil surface, namely, the preliminary planting of the roxburgh rose cutting slips is completed, weeding is carried out in time, waterlogging is noticed, insect damage is noticed, and seedling plants which are sick and withered in the field are cleared up in time in the later field management process.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", and the like, indicate orientations and positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the equipment or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be considered as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An insect-preventing disease-resistant seedling raising method for roxburgh rose is characterized by comprising the following operation steps:
s1, collecting cutting shoots, and collecting branches which grow vigorously and have no diseases and insect pests as the cutting shoots on a stock plant which grows for 6-20 years and has a good variety;
s2, pretreating cutting slips, bundling 50 cut slips in a bundle, uniformly facing and bundling the cut openings, placing the bundle in an indoor and outdoor cool and ventilated place, flatly placing the bundle in order, and soaking the base parts of the cutting slips for 1-2 hours by using rooting powder solution before cuttage;
s3, preparing soil, deeply ploughing soil of the cutting soil, crushing large soil into uniform small blocks, and arranging the small blocks on the arranged soil to form a cutting bed;
s4, soil disinfection, namely, disinfecting the soil of the cutting bed prepared in the step S3;
s5, applying base fertilizer, applying farmyard manure or compound fertilizer on the cutting bed after the disinfection treatment in the S2 step, and keeping the soil moist;
s6, cutting the cutting shoots, namely cutting the cutting shoots processed in the step S2 in the soil processed in the step S5, and cutting the cutting shoots according to the distance of 35 +/-5 multiplied by 35 +/-5 cm of the cutting shoots, wherein the cutting depth is 6-8 cm;
s7, field management, namely weeding, killing insects, watering or draining the soil according to the growth of weeds and the hardened condition of the soil, and keeping the soil moist;
and S8, topdressing, namely topdressing with urea in the middle and last ten days of 5 months to the last ten days of 7 months after the cutting shoots survive, and topdressing every 20-30 days for 2-3 times.
2. The pest-preventing disease-resistant seedling raising method for roxburgh roses according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the cutting slips in the step S1 is preferably 50mm to 100mm, the collection length of the cutting slips is 8cm to 12cm, and the cut of the cutting slips is inclined downward at an angle of 45 ° to 60 °.
3. The pest-preventing disease-resistant seedling raising method for roxburgh roses according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of the rooting powder solution used in the step S2 is 30-50mg/kg, and the depth of the cutting shoots soaked in the rooting powder solution is 2-4 cm.
4. The pest-preventing disease-resistant seedling raising method for roxburgh roses according to claim 1, wherein the cutting land in the step S3 is selected from loam soil with gentle topography, leeward, sunny, sufficient water source, convenient irrigation and drainage, loose soil, fertile soil, soil layer thickness of more than 60cm and pH value of 5.5-6.5.
5. The pest-preventing disease-resistant seedling raising method for roxburgh roses according to claim 1, wherein the cutting soil in the step S3 is deeply ploughed to a depth of more than 30cm, the deeply ploughed soil is broken into small pieces with relatively uniform sizes, and the soil surface is finished to be smooth.
6. The method for raising an insect-protected and disease-resistant seedling of Rosa roxburghii according to claim 1, wherein the width of the cutting bed in the step S3 is 0.9-1m, the height of the cutting bed is 20-25cm, the length of the cutting bed is determined by the length of the cutting land, the surface of the cutting bed is flat, and a footpath with a width of 35-40cm is provided between the cutting beds.
7. The method for raising seedlings of Rosa roxburghii according to claim 1, wherein the sterilizing agent used for soil sterilization in the step S4 is a mixture of 75% quintozene and 50% phoxim or a mixture of zineb and 50% phoxim for sterilizing the cutting bed, wherein the dosage of 75% quintozene is 2-4g/m250% by weight of octyl sulfideThe amount of phosphorus used is 3g/m2The dosage of the zineb is 2g/m2When the insecticide is used, 75% of quintozene, 50% of phoxim and zineb are uniformly mixed with a proper amount of fine soil and then are uniformly thrown on a cutting bed to kill insects and sterilize the soil of the cutting bed.
8. The pest-preventing disease-resistant seedling raising method for roxburgh roses according to claim 1, wherein in the step S5, farmyard manure is applied in an amount of 4.5 +/-0.5 kg/m2Counting N, P, K and K in the compound fertilizer, wherein the application amount of the compound fertilizer is 85-95g/m2And (6) counting.
9. The pest control and disease resistance seedling raising method for spiny pears as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pest control in the step S7 is mainly directed at Grapholitha molesta and Grapholitha persica, Long-tube rose aphid, white rose coccid and powdery mildew, and the like, and the method is mainly characterized in that 1500 times of liquid diluted by 40% dimethoate emulsion or 2000 times of liquid diluted by 80% dichlorvos is sprayed, the Grapholitha molesta, the small-tube peach moths and the long rose aphids are controlled, the Ericerus canicola is controlled by spraying 5 degrees lime sulphur agent in winter, the powdery mildew is controlled by spraying 800 times of wettable powder of 70% thiophanate-methyl and 1000 times of liquid diluted by 800 times of wettable powder or spraying 155 times of wettable powder of triadimefon pink rust agent for controlling powdery mildew, and the pest control of spiny pears should be taken care of cutting off the field plant with the blight buds.
10. The pest-control disease-resistant seedling raising method for roxburgh roses according to claim 1, wherein the additional fertilizer in the step S8 is urea: and (3) uniformly spraying the urea diluent at the position of the soil close to the root of the cutting slips during each fertilization, wherein the water is the urea diluent with the ratio of 1: 500.
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