CN114271406A - Micropterus salmoides fry domesticating micro-pellet feed formula and application thereof - Google Patents
Micropterus salmoides fry domesticating micro-pellet feed formula and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L zinc;1-(5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)-3-[(1s,2s)-2-(6-fluoro-2-hydroxy-3-propanoylphenyl)cyclopropyl]urea;diacetate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C([C@H]2[C@H](C2)NC(=O)NC=2N=CC(=CC=2)C#N)=C1O UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000679 carrageenan Substances 0.000 claims description 5
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Images
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention discloses a micropellet feed formula for domesticating larval black bass fries, which takes squid meal as a main protein source of the feed, optimizes an amino acid mode, promotes feeding of larval fish, and is easy to digest and absorb, thereby achieving the purposes of advancing feeding domestication time of larval black bass fries and improving feeding domestication success rate of the larval black bass fries. The popularization and the implementation of the method can greatly improve the food domestication success rate of the micropterus salmoides, save the culture cost and create great economic value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fish culture, and particularly relates to a micropellet feed formula for domesticating and feeding of micropellet fries, and also relates to application of the feed formula in domesticating and feeding of micropellet fries.
Background
Lateolabrax japonicus (Micropterus salmoides), also known as Micropterus salmoides, belongs to Perciformes (Perciformes), Poteolabradae (Centrarchidae), Perpterus (Micropterus) fish, originally produced in Canada and the United states. The fish is high-quality freshwater fish in China, has the advantages of strong adaptability, quick growth, easy capture, short culture period and the like, and is delicious and tender in meat quality, free of thorns among muscles, attractive in appearance and popular with culturists and consumers.
And a feeding domestication and material transferring stage is needed in the fry breeding period, the larval fish has large specification difference and self-complementary cannibalism due to the fact that the larval fish is not suitable for artificial feed in the feeding domestication process, and meanwhile, the problems that the larval fish has high deformity rate and slow growth due to dyspepsia due to the fact that the larval fish is not completely developed by the digestive system of the larval fish after eating the artificial feed in the early stage can occur.
At present, the feeding habit of the largemouth bass begins 15 to 30 days after the largemouth fish opens, a large amount of biological bait needs to be consumed, the largemouth bass is easy to be sick, and meanwhile, the micro-pellet feed for the feeding habit of the largemouth bass is similar to adult fish feed in raw material and proportion, and the granulation is hard. The application of the feed is not beneficial to the digestion of larval black bass, so that the domestication success rate is low and the larval fish grow slowly.
Therefore, the invention provides a micropellet feed formula for domesticating larval bass fry, if the invention is popularized and implemented, the domesticating time of larval is greatly advanced, the domesticating success rate is improved, the larval is enabled to grow rapidly, meanwhile, the breeding cost is saved, and a huge economic value is created.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a micropellet feed formula for domesticating largemouth bass fries, the formula has balanced nutrient components and good palatability, can be used for advancing the feeding time of the largemouth fries to 6 days after opening, improving the feeding success rate, enabling the largemouth fries to grow quickly and saving the breeding cost.
The micropellet feed formula for domesticating largemouth bass fingerlings is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass:
preferably, the micropellet feed formula for domesticating the largemouth bass fries is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass:
the additive is composed of vitamins and mineral salts.
Wherein the vitamins comprise the following components in parts by weight:
wherein the mineral salt comprises the following components in parts by weight:
the preparation method of the micropellet feed formula for domesticating largemouth bass fingerlings comprises the following steps:
A. micronizing all powder materials including fish meal, krill meal, Loligo chinensis Gray powder, alpha-starch, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, carboxymethyl cellulose, and additives, and sieving with 200 mesh sieve;
B. respectively weighing fish meal, krill meal, squid meal, alpha-starch, monocalcium phosphate, carboxymethyl cellulose and additives, uniformly mixing, and carrying out secondary superfine grinding to obtain a premix a;
C. adding soybean lecithin, fish oil and magnesium ascorbyl phosphate into the premix a, and uniformly mixing to obtain a premix b;
D. adding 40ml of distilled water into every 10g of premix b, and homogenizing;
E. continuously stirring the feed in a water bath at 80 ℃, and slowly adding carrageenan;
F. freezing in a refrigerator for 24 hours, freeze-drying, crushing, sieving particles with the particle size of 350 mu m and 150 ℃, and placing in the refrigerator at the temperature of minus 20 ℃ for later use.
The method is simple and convenient to operate, can ensure the nutrient components and physical properties of the feed, has a good food calling effect on larval bass of larval bass, and also has water resistance (1 h).
The invention also provides a largemouth bass fingerling domesticating method, which comprises the following steps: selecting larval micropterus salmoides 6 days after shedding, feeding the micropterus salmoides with the artemia for eight times a day, continuously feeding for 10-15 days, and changing the proportion of the artemia once every 3 days until the micropterus salmoides are fed completely.
The method can lead the domestication time of the largemouth bass fry to be earlier than the 6 th day after the largemouth bass fry by using a special micro-particle feed formula, and the prior method is usually 15 to 30 days. The advancing of the feeding domestication time can not only save a large amount of biological bait, but also reduce the morbidity of the fry.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects:
the squid powder is used as a main protein source of the feed, the amino acid mode is optimized, the fry is promoted to ingest and is easy to be digested and absorbed, and therefore the purposes of advancing the food habit domestication time of larval black bass and improving the food habit domestication success rate are achieved. The feed preparation method is simple and convenient to operate, can be produced and processed in any feed processing factory, and can ensure the nutritional ingredients and the physical properties of the feed only by mixing according to the formula. The produced feed has good food calling effect on larval bass of micropterus salmoides and also has water resistance (1 h). The application and operation of the invention are simple and convenient, and the larval black bass domestication success rate can be obviously improved and the larval black bass can grow rapidly as long as 1 plus or minus 0.2mg of larval black bass of the 6 th day after the larval mouth is selected, the larval black bass and the artemia are fed with the micro-pellet feed in the text in a combined manner on time and gradually replace the artemia. If the method is popularized and implemented, the food domesticating success rate of the largemouth bass is greatly improved, the breeding cost is saved, and a huge economic value is created. The method specifically comprises the following points:
(1) the nutrition requirement of the largemouth bass is completely met, the palatability is good, and the digestion and utilization rate is high;
(2) advancing the feeding habit of the largemouth bass to the 6 th day after the opening, and ensuring the growth of the largemouth bass;
(3) the raw materials are stable in source, low in price and simple in production process;
(4) simple application, can finish domestication in a short time, and ensures that the domestication can absorb the nutrition of the feed and grow rapidly.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a graph showing weight changes of five groups of larval fish.
Fig. 2 is a comparison graph of specific growth rates of different growth stages of the squid powder group and the biological bait group fry.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
The micropellet feed formula for domesticating largemouth bass fingerlings is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass:
the additive comprises the following components: vitamin mixtures and mineral mixtures.
Wherein the vitamin mixture consists of the following components:
wherein the mineral salt mixture consists of the following components:
the fish meal is Peru fish meal, the crude protein is more than or equal to 60 percent, and the crude fat is more than or equal to 8 percent.
The krill powder is prepared by freeze-drying fresh krill and then crushing, wherein the crude protein is more than or equal to 50%, and the crude fat is more than or equal to 8%.
The squid powder is prepared by freeze-drying and crushing iced fresh squids, wherein the crude protein is more than or equal to 75 percent, and the crude fat is more than or equal to 3 percent.
The alpha-Starch is named as alpha-Starch in English, and is named as pre-gelatinized Starch in Chinese classification; CAS number: 9005-84-9, (C6H10O5) n, an amyloid white powder, odorless and tasteless. Is insoluble in water at normal temperature and forms colloidal liquid with water. Is stable to alkali.
The fish oil is deep sea fish oil type, and the acid value is less than or equal to 2.0; the peroxide value is less than or equal to 6.0; the water content is less than or equal to 0.1; the impurity is less than or equal to 0.1; iodine value is more than or equal to 12.0.
The Soybean Lecithin has the English name of Soybean Lecithin and the Chinese name of Soybean Lecithin; CAS number: 8002-43-5, is a by-product of the refining process of soybean oil, obtained by solvent extraction followed by centrifugation and then alcohol washing.
The Carrageenan is named kappa-Carrageenan in English and is named Carrageenan in Chinese classification; CAS number: 9000-07-1 is a hydrophilic colloid.
The Magnesium ascorbyl phosphate is named as Magnesium ascorbyl phosphate in English and is named as Magnesium ascorbyl phosphate in Chinese; CAS number: 113170-55-1, is a white or yellowish powder.
The preparation method of the micro-particle feed formula comprises the following steps:
A. micronizing all powder materials including fish meal, krill meal, Loligo chinensis Gray powder, alpha-starch, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, carboxymethyl cellulose, and additives, and sieving with 200 mesh sieve;
B. respectively weighing fish meal, krill meal, squid meal, alpha-starch, monocalcium phosphate, carboxymethyl cellulose and additives, uniformly mixing, and carrying out secondary superfine grinding to obtain a premix a;
C. adding soybean lecithin, fish oil and magnesium ascorbyl phosphate into the premix a, and uniformly mixing to obtain a premix b;
D. adding 40ml of distilled water into every 10g of premix b, and homogenizing;
E. continuously stirring the feed in a water bath at 80 ℃, and slowly adding carrageenan;
F. freezing in a refrigerator for 24 hours, freeze-drying, crushing, sieving particles with the particle size of 350 mu m and 150 ℃, and placing in the refrigerator at the temperature of minus 20 ℃ for later use.
Example 2
In the embodiment, the growth performance and the nutritional composition of the larval black bass fed by the main protein sources of different feeds are researched.
The experimental fish is the larval fish with the average weight of 1mg, and the standard is consistent and healthy. Respectively taking artemia and commercial feed as control groups, taking three different main protein source feeds as experimental groups, and respectively feeding 3 repeated fish in each group with the length of 800 fish in a blue heat-preserving barrel with the diameter of 140cm and the height of 70cm in a range of 0.6m3In a net cage (100cm × 100cm × 60cm), the breeding period is 28 days. The water temperature is 24 + -0.6 deg.C, the dissolved oxygen is 6.6 + -0.5 mg/L, and the pH is 7.5 + -0.3 during cultivation. Feeding artemia 5 days before the experiment; feeding the micro-particle feed and the artemia in a combined manner every 6 to 18 days, wherein the proportion of the artemia feed is changed once every 3 days until the micro-particle feed is completely fed; the cultivation is continued for 10 days, and the feed is fed for 8 times per day (8:30, 11:30, 14:30, 17:30, 20:30, 23:30, 2:30, 5: 30). Sampling after the whole experiment is finished, calculating the survival rate and the feed coefficient of the larval micropterus salmoides, and measuring the growth characters and the nutritional composition of the larval micropterus salmoides.
After the 28-day culture period is finished, the survival rate, the growth character and the feed efficiency of the larval micropterus salmoides are shown in table 1. In four groups of feed groups (three groups of experimental groups and commercial feed groups), the feed efficiency, the protein efficiency and the specific growth rate of the micro-particle feed taking the squid powder as the main protein source are obviously higher than those of the other three groups. The results show that: the micro-particle feed taking the squid powder as the main protein source is more suitable for the digestion of the larval fish, and has high protein deposition rate and high growth speed.
Table one: growth index
The weight increase of five groups of fry is shown in figure 1, and the daily specific growth rate of the artemia group and the squid powder group is shown in figure 2. The results show that: compared with other feed groups, the squid powder group fry has better growth; compared with the specific growth rate of the artemia group and the squid powder group, the specific growth rate of the artemia group is obviously higher than that of the squid powder group in 6-12 days, but the specific growth rate of the squid powder group is already obviously higher than that of the artemia group in 23-28 days, which shows that the phenomenon of slow short-term growth of the fry occurs because the fry is not suitable for the micro-pellet feed in the initial feeding habit domestication stage, but the micro-pellet feed taking the squid powder as a main protein source can provide better growth for the fry compared with the artemia after the feeding habit domestication is finished.
The experimental results are as follows: compared with other feeds, the micro-pellet feed taking the squid powder as the main protein source is easier for feeding, absorbing and utilizing the fry, and can obtain better growth performance while advancing the feeding habit of the fry; meanwhile, after the domestication is finished, the larval fish can be provided with better growth compared with the artemia.
Claims (8)
1. A micropellet feed formula for domesticating largemouth bass fingerlings is characterized in that: the composite material is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass:
2. the micropellet feed formula for domesticating largemouth bass offspring seeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the composite material is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass:
3. the micropellet feed formula for domesticating largemouth bass offspring seeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the additive is composed of vitamins and mineral salts.
4. The micropellet feed formula for domesticating largemouth bass fries according to claim 3, wherein the vitamins consist of the following components in parts by weight:
5. the micropellet feed formula for domesticating largemouth bass fries according to claim 3, wherein the mineral salt consists of the following components in parts by weight:
6. the method for preparing a micropellet feed formula for domesticating micropellet fries according to any one of claims 1 to 5, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A. micronizing all powder materials including fish meal, krill meal, Loligo chinensis Gray powder, alpha-starch, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, carboxymethyl cellulose, and additives, and sieving with 200 mesh sieve;
B. respectively weighing fish meal, krill meal, squid meal, alpha-starch, monocalcium phosphate, carboxymethyl cellulose and additives, uniformly mixing, and carrying out secondary superfine grinding to obtain a premix a;
C. adding soybean lecithin, fish oil and magnesium ascorbyl phosphate into the premix a, and uniformly mixing to obtain a premix b;
D. adding 40ml of distilled water into every 10g of premix b, and homogenizing;
E. continuously stirring the feed in a water bath at 80 ℃, and slowly adding carrageenan;
F. freezing in a refrigerator for 24 hours, freeze-drying, crushing, sieving particles with the particle size of 350 mu m and 150 ℃, and placing in the refrigerator at the temperature of minus 20 ℃ for later use.
7. Use of a micro-pellet feed formulation as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5 for domesticating largemouth bass offspring.
8. A largemouth bass fingerling domesticating method is characterized by comprising the following steps: selecting largemouth bass 6 days after shedding, feeding the micro-pellet feed formula of any one of claims 1-5 with artemia eight times a day, continuously feeding for 10-15 days, and changing the proportion of the artemia every 3 days until the micro-pellet feed formula is completely fed.
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| US20060099305A1 (en) * | 2004-05-17 | 2006-05-11 | Lee Chong M | Bioproduction of hydrolysate from squid processing byproducts for aquaculture feed ingredient and organic fertilizer |
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