CN108077596A - A kind of largemouth bass starter diet and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of largemouth bass starter diet and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108077596A CN108077596A CN201810008318.2A CN201810008318A CN108077596A CN 108077596 A CN108077596 A CN 108077596A CN 201810008318 A CN201810008318 A CN 201810008318A CN 108077596 A CN108077596 A CN 108077596A
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- largemouth bass
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of largemouth bass starter diets and preparation method thereof.The feed is made of the component of following mass percent：Fish meal 10~50%, chicken meal 5~20%, egg powder 3~10%, brewer's yeast 3~10%, squid powder 5~15%, flour 5~10%, soya-bean oil 1~5%, phosphatidase 1~3%, EPA1~3, DHA1~5, glycine betaine 1~3%, vitamin mixtures 1~4%, mineral element mixture 2~5%, phagostimulant 1~2%.The largemouth bass opening material of the present invention meets the nutritional need rule of largemouth bass fry, can significantly be effectively facilitated larva and juvenile growth, and attractant is strong, has the advantages of enhancing aperture opening ratio, significantly improve larva and juvenile survival rate, promote fry healthy growth.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of aquaculture.More particularly, to a kind of largemouth bass starter diet and its preparation side
Method.
Background technology
Largemouth bass scientific name Micropterus salmoides (Micropterus salmoides), originates in North America, is that the U.S. is most important
One of game fishes.The 1980s is from external introduction and obtains the success of cultivation, breeding, and meat is solid, meat flavour faint scent,
In addition live body lists, in restaurant restaurant aquarium eater can also be allowed to watch and selected, therefore for less than local perch and mandarin fish,
It is top grade in fish, in very great demand, price is also just higher.In addition, Micropterus salmonoides are fished for tourist, so being subject to the world each
The vast trip angler in ground likes that this undoubtedly swims development and fishes fishery, and attract tourists sightseeing, and it is highly beneficial to increase income
's.
Influenced by biological characteristics and breeding way etc., largemouth bass and other fishes also exist on nutritional need compared with
Big difference.Simultaneously because largemouth bass is in different growth and development stages, nutritional requirement also there is larger difference, it is necessary to according to
The various raw materials of artifical compound feed are carried out different scientific matchings and form different mixed feeds by different cultivation stages.
In addition, the opening of fry has great importance, the survival rate and rate of body weight gain for fry have vital
It influences.Before opening, fry is affected by environment very big, and the death rate is very high；After opening, every Survival outcome substantially increases.At present,
Very few on the dedicated opening material research of largemouth bass, mostly using natural bait as opening material, there are water quality of high cost, easy to pollute, matter
Measure unstable, the shortcomings of being easily introduced the cause of diseases such as parasite, bacterium and virus.And do not account for different fries opening rule,
Nutritional need and the factors such as preference of ingesting, phagostimulating effect is poor, and promotion fry growth that can not be highly desirable is developed.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defects of the above-mentioned prior art and deficiency, it is special to provide a kind of largemouth bass
With starter diet, research and development are designed for the nutritional need rule of largemouth bass fry, can significantly be effectively facilitated larva and juvenile growth, and
Attractant is strong, has the advantages of enhancing aperture opening ratio, significantly improve larva and juvenile survival rate, promote fry healthy growth.
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of largemouth bass starter diets.
Above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：
A kind of largemouth bass starter diet, is made of the component of following mass percent：Fish meal 10~50%, chicken meal 5~
20%th, egg powder 3~10%, brewer's yeast 3~10%, squid powder 5~15%, flour 5~10%, soya-bean oil 1~5%, phosphatidase 1
~3%, EPA 1~3%, DHA 1~5%, glycine betaine 1~3%, vitamin mixtures 1~4%, mineral element mixture 2~
5%th, phagostimulant 1~2%.
Preferably, the largemouth bass starter diet is made of the component of following mass percent：Fish meal 20~50%, chicken
Powder 5~15%, egg powder 5~10%, brewer's yeast 5~10%, squid powder 5~10%, flour 5~10%, soya-bean oil 2~5%,
Phosphatidase 1~3%, EPA 1~3%, DHA 1~4%, glycine betaine 1~3%, vitamin mixtures 1~3%, mineral element mixing
Object 3~5%, phagostimulant 1~2%.
It is highly preferred that the largemouth bass starter diet is made of the component of following mass percent：Fish meal 34%, chicken meal
15%th, egg powder 8%, brewer's yeast 8%, squid powder 10%, flour 6%, soya-bean oil 3%, phosphatidase 2 %, EPA 2%, DHA
3%th, glycine betaine 2%, vitamin mixtures 2%, mineral element mixture 4%, phagostimulant 1%.
Furthermore it is preferred that the phagostimulant is dried orange peel and the mixture of bamboo fungus.
It is highly preferred that the mass ratio of dried orange peel and bamboo fungus is 1~2：1.
Preferably, the vitamin mixtures include：Vitamin A, vitamine D3, vitamin E, Vitamin K3, vitamin
B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, niacin, calcium pantothenate, biotin, inositol, folic acid, vitamin C.
It is highly preferred that in terms of the total amount of the vitamin mixtures, the content of each component is as follows：35~45g/kg vitamins
A, 2~4g/kg vitamine D3s, 65~75g/kg vitamin Es, 5~8g/kg Vitamin K3s, 35~45g/kg vitamin B1s, 2~
5g/kg vitamin B2s, 60~80g/kg vitamin B6s, 5~7g/kg vitamin B12s, 20~40g/kg niacin, 20~40g/kg
Calcium pantothenate, 0.2~0.25g/kg biotins, 180~280g/kg inositols, 5~8g/kg folic acid, 300~500g/kg vitamin Cs.
Preferably, the mineral element mixture includes：Copper sulphate, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, cobalt chloride, Asia
Sodium selenate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, zeolite powder.
It is highly preferred that in terms of the total amount of the mineral element mixture, the content of each component is as follows：15~30g/ of copper sulphate
Kg, 100~120g/kg of ferrous sulfate, 30~50g/kg of zinc sulfate, 10~15g/kg of manganese sulfate, 0.3~0.8g/kg of cobalt chloride,
0.3~0.8g/kg of sodium selenite, 15~25g/kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 15~25g/kg of sodium dihydrogen phosphate, zeolite powder 700~
850g/kg。
In addition, the preparation method of above-mentioned largemouth bass starter diet is as follows：
S1. by protein sources raw material ultramicro grinding into micro mist；
S2. gained micro mist and remaining raw material are sufficiently mixed, water is added to be emulsified after sizing mixing, be prepared into underflow, homogeneous；
S3. the product of step S2 by spraying, dry, sub-sieve, after cooling particle opening material.
Wherein, protein sources raw material described in step S1 is fish meal, chicken meal, egg powder, brewer's yeast, squid powder, flour.
Preferably, in step S1 ultramicro grinding to 285~410 mesh.
Preferably, the time emulsified in step S2 is 10~30min.
It is highly preferred that the time emulsified in step S2 is 20min.
Preferably, the mass concentration of underflow is 15~45% in step S2.
Preferably, homogeneous is carried out under the conditions of 0.6~12MPa in step S2.
It is highly preferred that homogeneous is carried out under the conditions of 8MPa in step S2.
The invention has the advantages that：
The present invention provides a kind of largemouth bass dedicated openings feeds, are with the addition of suitable unrighted acid EPA and DHA,
By the optimization for controlling EPA/DHA ratios and being entirely formulated, larval development and survival rate are remarkably improved；Low starch simultaneously
Content reduces burden of the larva and juvenile to glycometabolism, promotes fry healthy growth.
Importantly, the largemouth bass dedicated openings feed of the present invention meets the nutritional need rule of largemouth bass fry, lure
Feeding habits are stronger；Have the advantages that enhance aperture opening ratio, promote growth and improve survival rate.
In addition, the grain size of the invention for preparing largemouth bass starter diet meets the high request of largemouth bass nursery, starter diet grain
Footpath can reach tens to hundreds of microns, meets requirement of the different size larva and juvenile to grain size palatability, and is added in technique
Grinding particle size and modulation time, the property digested and assimilated of feed is added, increases its attractant；Simultaneously in the situation of low starch
Under, using the albumen raw material characteristic of itself, increase homogenizing time, make to be in granular form, and its water resistance is added, it breaches existing
There is the shortcomings that feed suspension is poor, and sinking speed is fast.
The largemouth bass dedicated openings feed of the present invention can well solve largemouth bass meat and be supported with poor taste, high density
It grows, the problems such as disease takes place frequently, the bodily form is poor.
Specific embodiment
Further illustrated the present invention below in conjunction with specific embodiment, but embodiment the present invention is not done it is any type of
It limits.Unless stated otherwise, the reagent of the invention used, method and apparatus is the art conventional reagent, methods and apparatus.
Unless stated otherwise, following embodiment agents useful for same and material are purchased in market.
Embodiment 1
1st, a kind of largemouth bass starter diet, is made of the component of following mass percent：Fish meal 34%, chicken meal 15%,
Egg powder 8%, brewer's yeast 8%, squid powder 10%, flour 6%, soya-bean oil 3%, phosphatidase 2 %, EPA 2%, DHA 3%, beet
Alkali 2%, vitamin mixtures 2%, mineral element mixture 4%, phagostimulant 1%.
Wherein, the phagostimulant is mass ratio 1.5：1 dried orange peel and the mixture of bamboo fungus.
The composition of the vitamin mixtures is：In terms of the total amount of the vitamin mixtures, the content of each component is as follows：
40g/kg vitamin As, 3g/kg vitamine D3s, 70g/kg vitamin Es, 6g/kg Vitamin K3s, 40g/kg vitamin B1s, 4g/kg
Vitamin B2,70g/kg vitamin B6s, 6g/kg vitamin B12s, 30g/kg niacin, 30g/kg calcium pantothenates, 0.2g/kg biotins,
260g/kg inositols, 6g/kg folic acid, 434.8g/kg vitamin Cs.
The composition of the mineral element mixture is：In terms of the total amount of the mineral element mixture, each component contains
Amount is as follows：Copper sulphate 24g, ferrous sulfate 120g, zinc sulfate 45g, manganese sulfate 15g, cobalt chloride 0.7g, sodium selenite 0.7g, phosphorus
Acid dihydride potassium 26g, sodium dihydrogen phosphate 26g, zeolite powder 742.6g.
2nd, the preparation method of above-mentioned largemouth bass starter diet is as follows：
S1. by protein sources raw material ultramicro grinding into 285~410 mesh micro mists；
S2. gained micro mist and remaining raw material are sufficiently mixed, water is added to emulsify 20min after sizing mixing, be prepared into mass concentration 15
~45% underflow, the homogeneous under the conditions of 8MPa；
S3. the product of step S2 by spraying, dry, sub-sieve, after cooling particle opening material.
Wherein, protein sources raw material described in step S1 is fish meal, chicken meal, egg powder, brewer's yeast, squid powder, flour.
Embodiment 2
A kind of largemouth bass starter diet, is made of the component of following mass percent：Fish meal 48%, chicken meal 8%, egg
Powder 8%, brewer's yeast 8%, squid powder 8%, flour 8%, soya-bean oil 2%, phosphatidase 1 %, EPA1%, DHA 1%, glycine betaine 1%,
Vitamin mixtures 1%, mineral element mixture 3.5%, phagostimulant 1.5%.
Preparation method is the same as embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3
A kind of largemouth bass starter diet, is made of the component of following mass percent：Fish meal 20%, chicken meal 15%, chicken
Powdered egg 10%, brewer's yeast 10%, squid powder 10%, flour 10%, soya-bean oil 4%, phosphatidase 3 %, EPA 3%, DHA 4%, sweet tea
Dish alkali 3%, vitamin mixtures 3%, mineral element mixture 4%, phagostimulant 1%.
Preparation method is the same as embodiment 1.
Embodiment 4
1. a kind of largemouth bass starter diet, is made of the component of following mass percent：Fish meal 10%, chicken meal 17%,
Egg powder 10%, brewer's yeast 10%, squid powder 15%, flour 10%, soya-bean oil 5%, phosphatidase 3 %, EPA 3%, DHA 5%,
Glycine betaine 3%, vitamin mixtures 4%, mineral element mixture 3%, phagostimulant 2%.
Preparation method is the same as embodiment 1.
Embodiment 5
1. a kind of largemouth bass starter diet, is made of the component of following mass percent：Fish meal 49%, chicken meal 15%,
Egg powder 6%, brewer's yeast 6%, squid powder 10%, flour 5%, soya-bean oil 1%, phosphatidase 1 %, EPA 1%, DHA 1%, beet
Alkali 1%, vitamin mixtures 1%, mineral element mixture 2%, phagostimulant 1%.
Preparation method is the same as embodiment 1.
Embodiment 6
1st, the fry that the opening material cultivation largemouth bass of Examples 1 to 5 has just been hatched is utilized respectively, with conventional natural bait
For control, culture experiment is carried out.
2nd, experiment packet
The largemouth bass fry that same batch has just been hatched is selected, is divided into six groups and is tested, every group of 3 repetitions, Mei Gechong
Multiple 2000 tails or so fry.Data statistics is averaged.
Feeding management is operated according to conventional cultivation field.Timing is fed once when 2-4 is small.
3rd, result counts
Observation statistics initial feeding situation, record have fry to start the time ingested for the first time.In order to reduce mistake as far as possible
Difference, three batch datas of three repetitions of each group are completed by three personal responsibilities, are as a result averaged respectively.
It counts each group and respectively repeats fry Initial total weight and the total weight after 30 days, calculate and increase weight in 30 days.
Rate of body weight gain (%)=100 × (last weight-initial weight)/initial weight
The survival rate of fry after statistics calculates 45.
Meanwhile it counts and calculates feed conversion rate and specific growth rate：
Feed conversion rate (%)=100 × (last weight-initial weight)/feed weight
Specific growth rate (%)=100 × (ln ends weight-ln initial weight)/t (cultivation number of days)
4th, the results are shown in Table 1.From experimental result, in the largemouth bass dedicated openings material of the present invention, each component and
It matches the organic whole for foring the coordinating and unifying, shows apparent synergistic function, can improve opening effect, significantly
The attractant of feed is promoted, largemouth bass juvenile fish is liked ingesting, and contributes to the growth and development of fry.Moreover, feed conversion rate is high, it can
To significantly improve survival rate and growth rate.
Table 1
Embodiment 7
Method reference implementation example 6, the difference is that：It is fry opening to be hatched to feed feeding time, and schistostoma broadens
Afterwards, start to feed feed；Statistics has that fry starts to ingest the time and fry more than half ingests the time.The results are shown in Table 2.
Table 2
| Group | Start the time of ingesting | Fries more than half ingest the time |
| Embodiment 1 | After 4min | After 35min |
| Embodiment 2 | After 18min | After 2h |
| Embodiment 3 | After 18min | After 2h |
| Embodiment 4 | After 30min | After 5h |
| Embodiment 5 | After 40min | After 6.5h |
| Control group | After 60min | After 8h |
From experimental result, largemouth bass dedicated openings material of the invention has significant attractant, the happiness of largemouth bass juvenile fish
It vigorously ingests, contributes to the growth and development of fry.
Embodiment 8
1st, based on embodiment 1, the difference is that replacing the food calling combination in feed, a series of opening materials are prepared,
It is tested；Screen optimal food calling scheme.Every group sets 3 repetitions, and results are averaged.
Method reference implementation example 6, the difference is that：It is fry opening to be hatched to feed feeding time, and schistostoma broadens
Afterwards, start to feed feed.
2nd, the results are shown in Table 3
Table 3
Experimental result shows that largemouth bass fry has apparent feeding preference, for the juvenile fish seedling of opening phase, different food callings
Combining the attractant effect to largemouth bass fry has significant difference.From data, largemouth bass opening phase fry more preference
The combination of dried orange peel and bamboo fungus.
Embodiment 9
The state of feed in water mainly swims in the water surface, suspends in water, sinks under water three kinds.Various aquatic livestocks
Since life habit is different, the requirement to the sink-float of feed is also different.Usual aquatic seedling water feeding at the middle and upper levels, due to
The prelarva travelling ability just hatched is weak, and prey ability is poor, in continual feeding state, to the rate of settling of open-mouthed bait with
Water stability (dry matter retention rate) proposes higher requirement.
The feed that the present embodiment is prepared with embodiment 1 tests the property of opening material of the present invention, stablizes including suspension and water
Property.
1st, test method
The detection of suspension：The suspension of feed is often weighed with suspensibility.100ml distilled water is added in 100ml beakers,
Weigh certain mass m1(g) feed is uniformly spread on distillation water surface, after standing a period of time, is taken out and suspended along liquid level with pipette
Suspended solid after filtering, is put into 80 DEG C of baking ovens that drying to constant weight, obtains solid, quality is respectively labeled as m by liquid2(g)。
Suspensibility (%)=m2/m1×100
The water stability of feed measures the method with reference to U.S. feed Industry Association, feed mg is taken, as the sieve of 200 mesh
On uniformly spread out and be slowly put into 27 DEG C of glass containers for filling 40L deionized waters, impregnate respectively 10min, 30min and 1h,
2h, 4h, 6h, 12h take out sieve, dry, weigh, and calculate different soaking time feeds respectively to dry matter retention rate, every group
If 3 repetitions, water stability is the percentage that final dry matter weight accounts for initial dry matter weight.
2nd, the results are shown in Table 2, and opening material of the invention has excellent suspension and water stability.
2 feed water dispersible of table and water stability (suspensibility, %)
| Index | 10min | 30min | 1h | 2h | 4h | 8h | 12h |
| Suspension | 95.61% | 70.62% | 65.71% | 61.84% | 58.21% | 46.28 | 39.34% |
| Water stability | 96.72% | 92.12% | 88.72% | 84.01% | 79.01% | 60.43% | 53.02% |
Above-described embodiment is the preferable embodiment of the present invention, but embodiments of the present invention and from above-described embodiment
Limitation, other any Spirit Essences without departing from the present invention with made under principle change, modification, replacement, combine, simplification,
Equivalent substitute mode is should be, is included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of largemouth bass starter diet, which is characterized in that be made of the component of following mass percent：Fish meal 10~50%, chicken
Digested tankage 5~20%, egg powder 3~10%, brewer's yeast 3~10%, squid powder 5~15%, flour 5~10%, soya-bean oil 1~5%, phosphatide
1~3%, EPA 1~3%, DHA 1~5%, glycine betaine 1~3%, vitamin mixtures 1~4%, mineral element mixture 2~5%,
Phagostimulant 1~2%.
2. largemouth bass starter diet according to claim 1, which is characterized in that be made of the component of following mass percent：
Fish meal 20~50%, chicken meal 5~15%, egg powder 5~10%, brewer's yeast 5~10%, squid powder 5~10%, flour 5~10%,
Soya-bean oil 2~5%, phosphatidase 1~3%, EPA 1~3%, DHA 1~4%, glycine betaine 1~3%, vitamin mixtures 1~3%, mineral member
Plain mixture 3~5%, phagostimulant 1~1.5%.
3. largemouth bass starter diet according to claim 1, which is characterized in that be made of the component of following mass percent：
Fish meal 34%, chicken meal 15%, egg powder 8%, brewer's yeast 8%, squid powder 10%, flour 6%, soya-bean oil 3%, phosphatidase 2 %, EPA 2%,
DHA 3%, glycine betaine 2%, vitamin mixtures 2%, mineral element mixture 4%, phagostimulant 1%.
4. according to any largemouth bass starter diet of claims 1 to 3, which is characterized in that the phagostimulant is dried orange peel and bamboo
The mixture of sheng, a reed pipe wind instrument.
5. according to any largemouth bass starter diet of claims 1 to 3, which is characterized in that be prepared by the following method：
S1. by protein sources raw material ultramicro grinding into micro mist；
S2. gained micro mist and remaining raw material are sufficiently mixed, water is added to be emulsified after sizing mixing, be prepared into underflow, homogeneous；
S3. the product of step S2 by spraying, dry, sub-sieve, after cooling particle opening material.
6. largemouth bass starter diet according to claim 5, which is characterized in that ultramicro grinding is to 285~410 in step S1
Mesh.
7. largemouth bass starter diet according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the time emulsified in step S2 for 10~
30min。
8. largemouth bass starter diet according to claim 5, which is characterized in that in step S2 the mass concentration of underflow for 15~
45%。
9. largemouth bass starter diet according to claim 5, which is characterized in that homogeneous is in 0.6~12MPa items in step S2
It is carried out under part.
10. largemouth bass starter diet according to claim 5, which is characterized in that protein sources raw material described in step S1 is fish
Powder, chicken meal, egg powder, brewer's yeast, squid powder, flour.
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