CN103478497B - Sea fish mixed feed for deepwater net cage culture and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Sea fish mixed feed for deepwater net cage culture and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a sea fish mixed feed for deepwater net cage culture and a manufacturing method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of forage processing. The mixed feed comprises the following components by weight: 0-15 parts of fish meal, 50-70 parts of an enzymatic protein raw material, 5-12 parts of soybean meal, 8-14 parts of flour, 4-6 parts of squid visceral meal, 4-6 parts of fish oil, 1.5-2.5 parts of mineral premix, 0.8-1.2 parts of vitamin premix, 0.3 -0.7 part of choline chloride, 0.5-1.5 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5-1 part of coated lysine, 0.2-0.5 part of coated methionine, 0.4-0.8 part of an adhesive. The processing steps are as below: 1) preparing an enzymatic hydrolysis protein raw material; 2) preparing materials; 3) crushing; 4) mixing; 5) hardening and tempering, and granulating; 6) drying; and 7) cooling. The invention ha scientific formula and reasonable technology; and the forage can satisfy nutrition for juvenile fish growth, has excellent stability, durability and sedimentation velocity, is convenient for eating by fish, realizes high utilization rate and reduces environmental pollution.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of the fish mixed feed and the preparation method that are suitable for deep-water net cage culture, belong to feed processing technology field.
Background technology
In recent years, because fishery overfishing and environmental pollution increase the weight of, marine fishery resources fails day by day, and marine product can not be met the need of market far away, and development sea-farming can only be relied on to alleviate the pressure of marine product demand.
Stormy waves resistant net cage for deep sea cultivation is a kind of intensive, modern marine culture and stock enhancement mode, has and improves cultivating condition, improves quality of fish, accelerates fish growth, and reduce disease harm, storm resisting is attacked, the plurality of advantages such as science content is high, and management regulation is orderly.The research of China's stormy waves resistant net cage for deep sea aspect is started late, but develop very rapid, the stormy waves resistant net cage for deep sea facility of development is also promoted rapidly, but still there is larger gap in box system, environmental management, disease control, bait and the supporting technology such as to throw something and feed.
The many employings of current domestic deep-water net cage culture are thrown something and fed chilled trash fish and buoyancy mixed feed.Chilled trash fish heavy damage marine resources, polluted water, feed coefficient is high, and due to nutritional imbalance, and cultivation fish is easily ill, and aquaculture cost is high, benefit is low, of poor quality; Mixed feed is according to animal Different growth phases, different physiological nutritional need, and based on the experiment of feedstuff assessment of nutritional value and research, by scientific formula the raw material of multiple separate sources, according to certain proportion Homogeneous phase mixing, and by the feed that the technological process of regulation is produced.It has balance of nutrients, and nutrient digestive utilization ratio is high, and fully can meet the nutritional need of cultivated animals, resource utilization is high, and due in its process through hot and humid process, its biological safety obtains larger raising.Buoyancy mixed feed is the one of perfect compound feed, because its density is lower than density of sea water, thus float on seawater surface, buoyancy feed has to be convenient to throw something and feed and observe the advantages such as fish, is the mixed feed be most widely used in current China seawater cage culture, but also there is shortcomings: one, because buoyancy feed floats on seawater surface, cultivation fish need arrive water body upper strata and ingest, shorter for ingest time, it is very fierce to compete between the shoal of fish, can cause the waste of energy of ingesting; Two, feed floats on water surface, easily concentrates to net cage edge by Lidar Equation, is unfavorable for cultivating ingesting of fish; Three, due to buoyancy feedstuff feeding time, the time of soaking in water body is longer, and due to the bad assurance of feeding volume, easily produces a large amount of residual bait, after residual bait disintegration, not only cause the wasting of resources, and can cause larger pollution to water quality.Along with the development of domestic and international feeding technology, and the adaptability scientific with it of throwing something and feeding under water becomes main flow gradually and to throw something and feed mode, and buoyancy feed can not be used for device for feeding fish bait under water, thus also limit its application prospect.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to the deficiency solving the existence of above-mentioned prior art, a kind of fish mixed feed being suitable for deep-water net cage culture and preparation method thereof is provided, adopt the feed that the method is produced, the nutritional need of deep-water net cage culture principal item grouper, avette Chang Ajigasawa etc. can be met, Nutrient Availability is high, and feed sinking speed in water is slow, is conducive to fish and searches for food, and improves efficiency of feed utilization.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
Be suitable for a fish mixed feed for deep-water net cage culture, its special feature is to be made up of following raw material, and each ingredients weight parts is respectively:
Fish meal 0 ~ 15 part, enzymolysis protein raw material 50 ~ 70 parts, dregs of beans 5 ~ 12 parts, 8 ~ 14 parts, flour, squid visceral meal 4 ~ 6 parts, 4 ~ 6 parts, fish oil, mineral substance premix 1.5 ~ 2.5 parts, vitamin premix 0.8 ~ 1.2 part, Choline Chloride 0.3 ~ 0.7 part, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.5 ~ 1.5 part, coating lysine 0.5 ~ 1 part, coating methionine 0.2 ~ 0.5 part, 0.4 ~ 0.8 part, adhesive.
The above-mentioned preparation method being suitable for the fish mixed feed of deep-water net cage culture, comprises the following steps:
1) enzymolysis protein raw material is made: carrying out enzymolysis by adding complex enzyme after fresh fish, bean cake powder, peanut meal powder, cottonseed flour, soyabean protein powder, blood cell powder, meat meal tankage, corn protein powder mixing, obtaining enzymolysis protein raw material through freeze drying.
2) get the raw materials ready: take various raw material by the weight portion of each component.
3) pulverize: by step 2) in load weighted fish meal, enzymolysis protein raw material, dregs of beans, flour, squid visceral meal carry out first time mixing, carry out meal after mixing, meal fineness passes through 2.0mm screen cloth; Then adopt micronizer to carry out second time to pulverize, more than smashing fineness to 80 order, standard screen oversize retention amount is less than 7%.
4) secondary mixing: by step 2) load weighted additive, comprise coating lysine, coating methionine, vitamin premix, mineral substance premix, calcium dihydrogen phosphate Choline Chloride and fish oil add separating twice after material in, carry out second time mix and blend, incorporation time is 90-120 second.
5) modified with granulation: mixed for secondary material to be heated by quality-adjusting device, slaking, its charging controlled frequency 65 ~ 75Hz, quality-adjusting device temperature is 93 ~ 96 DEG C, and main barrel temperature is 93 ~ 96 DEG C, main frame frequency is 40 ~ 50 Hz, and selects suitable template to granulate according to required granular size.
6) dry: bake out temperature controls at 80-85 DEG C, and the material moisture after oven dry must not more than 12%.
7) cooling and packaging: temperature of charge is cooled in the scope not higher than ambient temperature 8 DEG C, carries out finished product packing.
Described vitamin premix adopts commercially available aquatic products specific complex vitamin, and mineral substance premix adopts commercially available aquatic products specific complex mineral matter.
Described enzymolysis protein raw material is fresh fish, dregs of beans, peanut meal, cottonseed protein, soybean protein, blood cell powder, meat meal tankage, corn protein powder are made through complex enzyme zymohydrolysis postlyophilization after mixing in proportion.
Described a kind of fish mixed feed being suitable for deep-water net cage culture, preferably adopt following raw material composition, each ingredients weight parts is respectively:
Fish meal 10 parts, enzymolysis protein raw material 55 parts, dregs of beans 10 parts, 10 parts, flour, squid visceral meal 5 parts, 4 parts, fish oil, mineral substance premix 2 parts, vitamin premix 1 part, Choline Chloride 0.5 part, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1 part, coating lysine 0.6 part, coating methionine 0.4 part, 0.5 part, adhesive.
Be suitable for a preparation method for the fish mixed feed of deep-water net cage culture, making enzymolysis protein material process described in its step 1) is:
1) complex enzyme is prepared: papain (6000000 U/g), trypsase (2500000U/g) are prepared according to the ratio of weight ratio 1:1, fully stir and evenly mix.
2) grind fresh fish slurry: fresh fish and water are worn into fish in the ratio of 1:5 ~ 1:10 and starches, fish slurry granularity requirements crosses 80 mesh sieve holes
.
3) enzymolysis: get bean cake powder 3 ~ 5 parts, peanut meal powder 1 ~ 3 part, cottonseed flour 1 ~ 2 part, soyabean protein powder 1 ~ 3 part, 1 ~ 2 part, blood cell powder, meat meal tankage 1 ~ 2 part, corn protein powder 1 ~ 3 part by weight respectively, mix, composition mixed protein raw material, add in fresh fish slurry, the part by weight that mixed protein raw material and fresh fish are starched is 1:8 ~ 1:10, makes enzymolysis raw material; Then complex enzyme is added, the weight ratio of complex enzyme and enzymolysis raw material is 1:50 ~ 1:100, stir, put into the container with agitating function and temp. control function, be warming up to 54 ~ 56 DEG C, enzymolysis 4 ~ 6 hours, then vacuum freeze drying 24 hours at-60 DEG C, obtain moisture lower than 10% powdery enzymolysis protein raw material.
Adopt the mixed feed that the inventive method makes, its crude protein is 45 ~ 48%, crude fat 5 ~ 8%, and energy is 18 ~ 20KJ/g, lysine >2.5%, methionine >1.0%.
The present invention and prior art contrast has following characteristics:
1. scientific formulation, rational technology, improves the ratio of novel protein in mixed feed, and trophic component balances, and fish meal content controls below 20%, farthest reduces the discharge of phosphorus, alleviates the pollution of feed to water quality, and does not affect fish bulk-growth.
2. supplement amino acid, limiting amino acid by appropriateness, improve the utilization rate of fish to vegetable protein enzymolysis thing, facilitate the absorption of nutrition.
3. adopted processing technology improves the water stability of feed, reduce scattering and disappearing of feed Middle nutrition material, and feed has suitable sinking speed in water, meets the eating habit of cage-farming.
Applicable object of the present invention is the fish of mature stage, and compared with the feed of conventional formulation manufacture, efficiency of feed utilization is higher, and specific growth rate is faster.
Detailed description of the invention
Below provide the specific embodiment of the present invention, be used for being further described formation of the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
Be suitable for a fish mixed feed for deep-water net cage culture, be made up of following raw material, each ingredients weight parts is respectively: fish meal 10 parts, enzymolysis protein raw material 55 parts, dregs of beans 10 parts, 10 parts, flour, 4 parts, fish oil, squid visceral meal 5 parts, mineral substance premix 2 parts, vitamin premix 1 part, Choline Chloride 0.5 part, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1 part, coating lysine 0.6 part, coating methionine 0.4 part, 0.5 part, adhesive.
Vitamin premix adopts commercially available aquatic products specific complex vitamin, and mineral substance premix adopts commercially available aquatic products specific complex mineral matter.
Enzymolysis protein raw material is fresh fish slurry, dregs of beans, peanut meal, cottonseed protein, soybean protein, blood cell powder, meat meal tankage, corn protein powder drying after enzymolysis are made.
The above-mentioned preparation method being suitable for the fish mixed feed of deep-water net cage culture, comprises the following steps:
1) enzymolysis protein raw material is made: after adding complex enzyme zymohydrolysis after fresh fish slurry, bean cake powder, peanut meal powder, cottonseed flour, soyabean protein powder, blood cell powder, meat meal tankage, corn protein powder mixing, freeze drying obtains enzymolysis protein raw material.
Making the concrete operation of enzymolysis protein raw material is:
(1) complex enzyme is prepared: papain (6000000 U/g), trypsase (2500000U/g) are prepared according to the ratio of weight ratio 1:1, fully stir and evenly mix.
(2) grind fresh fish slurry: fresh fish and water are worn into fish in the ratio of 1:5 ~ 1:10 and starches, fish slurry granularity requirements crosses 80 mesh sieve holes
.
(3) enzymolysis: get bean cake powder 3 ~ 5 parts, peanut meal powder 1 ~ 3 part, cottonseed flour 1 ~ 2 part, soyabean protein powder 1 ~ 3 part, 1 ~ 2 part, blood cell powder, meat meal tankage 1 ~ 2 part, corn protein powder 1 ~ 3 part by weight respectively, mix, composition mixed protein raw material, add in fresh fish slurry, the part by weight that mixed protein raw material and fresh fish are starched is 1:8 ~ 1:10, makes enzymolysis raw material; Then complex enzyme is added, the weight ratio of complex enzyme and enzymolysis raw material is 1:50 ~ 1:100, stir, put into the container with agitating function and temp. control function, be warming up to 54 ~ 56 DEG C, enzymolysis 4 ~ 6 hours, then vacuum freeze drying 24 hours at-60 DEG C, obtain moisture lower than 10% powdery enzymolysis protein raw material.
2) get the raw materials ready: take various raw material by the weight portion of each component.
3) pulverize: by step 2) in load weighted fish meal, enzymolysis protein raw material, dregs of beans, flour, squid visceral meal carry out first time mixing, carry out meal after mixing, meal fineness passes through 2.0mm screen cloth; Then adopt micronizer to carry out second time to pulverize, more than smashing fineness to 80 order, standard screen oversize retention amount is less than 7%.
4) secondary mixing: by step 2) load weighted additive, comprise coating lysine, coating methionine, vitamin premix, mineral substance premix, calcium dihydrogen phosphate Choline Chloride and fish oil add separating twice after material in, carry out second time mix and blend, incorporation time is 90-120 second.
5) modified with granulation: mixed for secondary material to be heated by quality-adjusting device, slaking, its charging controlled frequency 65 ~ 75Hz, quality-adjusting device temperature is 93 ~ 96 DEG C, and main barrel temperature is 93 ~ 96 DEG C, main frame frequency is 40 ~ 50 Hz, and selects suitable template to granulate according to required granular size.
6) dry: bake out temperature controls at 80-85 DEG C, and the material moisture after oven dry must not more than 12%.
7) cooling and packaging: temperature of charge is cooled in the scope not higher than ambient temperature 8 DEG C, carries out finished product packing.
Embodiment 2:
The present embodiment difference from Example 1 is:
The fish mixed feed being suitable for deep-water net cage culture of the present embodiment, is made up of following raw material, is respectively by the weight portion of each component: fish meal 15 parts, enzymolysis protein raw material 50 parts, dregs of beans 12 parts, 8 parts, flour, 5 parts, fish oil, squid visceral meal 4 parts, mineral substance premix 1.5 parts, vitamin premix 1.2 parts, Choline Chloride 0.6 part, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.2 parts, coating lysine 0.7 part, coating methionine 0.2 part, 0.7 part, adhesive.
Embodiment 3:
The present embodiment difference from Example 1 is:
The fish mixed feed being suitable for deep-water net cage culture of the present embodiment, is made up of following raw material, is respectively by the weight portion of each component: enzymolysis protein raw material 60 parts, dregs of beans 9 parts, 14 parts, flour, 5 parts, fish oil, squid visceral meal 6 parts, mineral substance premix 2.3 parts, vitamin premix 0.8 part, Choline Chloride 0.4 part, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.8 part, coating lysine 0.8 part, coating methionine 0.3 part, 0.6 part, adhesive.
Embodiment 4:
The present embodiment difference from Example 1 is:
The fish mixed feed being suitable for deep-water net cage culture of the present embodiment, is made up of following raw material, is respectively by the weight portion of each component: enzymolysis protein raw material 68 parts, dregs of beans 5 parts, 11 parts, flour, 6 parts, fish oil, squid visceral meal 5 parts, mineral substance premix 2 parts, vitamin premix 1 part, Choline Chloride 0.5 part, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1 part, coating lysine 0.6 part, coating methionine 0.4 part, 0.5 part, adhesive.
For showing actual effect of the present invention, spy provides the instantiation adopting feed of the present invention cultivation flounder sole:
Adopt the fish mixed feed being suitable for deep-water net cage culture that the inventive method makes, the physical behavior of its feed granules is as table 1, and control group is the commercial feed that common process is produced:
Table 1
From table 1, the mixed feed adopting the inventive method to make, improves the water stability of feed, durability degree, reduces sinking speed in water imbibition, bulk density and water.
Sinking speed is one of main physical behavior of feed, and pellet, according to its different sinking speed, can be divided into floatability, suspension, slow heavy property and sinking property of speed three kinds.Different cultured fishes have different eating habits, adopt the feed of corresponding sinking speed, can improve the utilization rate of feed, alleviate the burden of cultivation water environment.In deep-water net cage culture, the degree of depth of net cage is very large, and slow heavy property feed time of sedimentation in water is long, is conducive to fully searching for food of cultured fishes.
The mixed feed particle sinking speed in the seawater that the inventive method makes reaches 2 ~ 3cm/S, searching for food of convenient cultivation fish, improves efficiency of feed utilization.
The water stability of feed is also one of Main physical proterties of feed, and water stability is high, and the speed of feed granules disintegration in water is slow, and the loss of nutriment is just less, thus improves cultured fishes to the utilization of nutrient, protects the marine environment.
The durability factor of pellet is the relative ability weighing pellet finished product resistant to breakage in conveying and handling process.The feed durability factor of experimental group is significantly higher than control group, and the dust that illustrative experiment group feed produces in transit is significantly less than control group, thus is conducive to the utilization rate improving experimental group feed.
The mixed feed adopting the inventive method to make and the commercial feed produced of common process are thrown something and fed grouper (original body mass the is 100g) 80d of cage culture respectively, and its growth performance is in table 2:
Table 2
Statistical result showed in table 2, compared with control group, the food ration of experimental group fish, rate of body weight gain and protein efficiency ratio, PER have all had remarkable rising, and feed coefficient then significantly reduces.The increase of experimental group food ration, illustrative experiment group feed is more suitable for ingesting of cage-farming, and the raising of protein efficiency ratio, PER, illustrative experiment fish is higher to the utilization rate of protein in experimental group feed, the N of Xiang Shuizhong discharge is less, decrease environmental pollution, the fish of feeding experiment group feed obtains better growth performance simultaneously, and illustrative experiment group feed is more suitable for cultivating fish.
Claims (2)
1. be suitable for a fish mixed feed for deep-water net cage culture, it is characterized in that being made up of following raw material, each ingredients weight parts is respectively:
Fish meal 0 ~ 15 part, enzymolysis protein raw material 50 ~ 70 parts, dregs of beans 5 ~ 12 parts, 8 ~ 14 parts, flour, squid visceral meal 4 ~ 6 parts, 4 ~ 6 parts, fish oil, mineral substance premix 1.5 ~ 2.5 parts, vitamin premix 0.8 ~ 1.2 part, Choline Chloride 0.3 ~ 0.7 part, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.5 ~ 1.5 part, coating lysine 0.5 ~ 1 part, coating methionine 0.2 ~ 0.5 part, 0.4 ~ 0.8 part, adhesive;
The above-mentioned preparation method being suitable for the fish mixed feed of deep-water net cage culture comprises the following steps:
1) enzymolysis protein raw material is made: carrying out enzymolysis by adding complex enzyme after fresh fish, bean cake powder, peanut meal powder, cottonseed flour, soyabean protein powder, blood cell powder, meat meal tankage, corn protein powder mixing, obtaining enzymolysis protein raw material through freeze drying;
2) get the raw materials ready: take various raw material by the weight portion of each component;
3) pulverize: by step 2) in load weighted fish meal, enzymolysis protein raw material, dregs of beans, flour, squid visceral meal carry out first time and mix, carry out meal after mixing, meal fineness passes through screen cloth; Then adopt micronizer to carry out second time to pulverize, more than smashing fineness to 80 order, standard screen oversize retention amount is less than 7%;
4) secondary mixing: by step 2) load weighted additive, comprise coating lysine, coating methionine, vitamin premix, mineral substance premix, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, Choline Chloride and fish oil add separating twice after material in, carry out second time mix and blend, incorporation time is 90-120 second;
5) modified with granulation: mixed for secondary material to be heated by quality-adjusting device, slaking, its charging controlled frequency 65 ~ 75Hz, quality-adjusting device temperature is 93 ~ 96 DEG C, and main barrel temperature is 93 ~ 96 DEG C, main frame frequency is 40 ~ 50 Hz, and selects suitable template to granulate according to required granular size;
6) dry: bake out temperature controls at 80-85 DEG C, and the material moisture after oven dry must not more than 12%;
7) cooling and packaging: temperature of charge is cooled in the scope not higher than ambient temperature 8 DEG C, carries out finished product packing;
Described vitamin premix is commercially available aquatic products specific complex vitamin, and mineral substance premix is commercially available aquatic products specific complex mineral matter;
Described enzymolysis protein raw material is fresh fish, dregs of beans, peanut meal, cottonseed protein, soybean protein, blood cell powder, meat meal tankage, corn protein powder drying after enzymolysis are made;
Making enzymolysis protein material process in described step 1) is:
1) complex enzyme is prepared: papain, trypsase are prepared according to the ratio of weight ratio 1:1, fully stir and evenly mix;
2) grind fresh fish slurry: fresh fish and water are worn into fish in the ratio of 1:5 ~ 1:10 and starches, fish slurry granularity requirements crosses 80 mesh sieve holes;
3) enzymolysis: get bean cake powder 3 ~ 5 parts, peanut meal powder 1 ~ 3 part, cottonseed flour 1 ~ 2 part, soyabean protein powder 1 ~ 3 part, 1 ~ 2 part, blood cell powder, meat meal tankage 1 ~ 2 part, corn protein powder 1 ~ 3 part by weight respectively, mix, composition mixed protein raw material, add in fresh fish slurry, the part by weight that mixed protein raw material and fresh fish are starched is 1:8 ~ 1:10, makes enzymolysis raw material; Then complex enzyme is added, the weight ratio of complex enzyme and enzymolysis raw material is 1:50 ~ 1:100, stir, put into the container with agitating function and temp. control function, be warming up to 54 ~ 56 DEG C, enzymolysis 4 ~ 6 hours, then vacuum freeze drying 24 hours at-60 DEG C, obtain moisture lower than 10% powdery enzymolysis protein raw material.
2., according to the fish mixed feed being suitable for deep-water net cage culture a kind of described in claim 1, it is characterized in that adopting following raw material to form, each ingredients weight parts is respectively:
Fish meal 10 parts, enzymolysis protein raw material 55 parts, dregs of beans 10 parts, 10 parts, flour, squid visceral meal 5 parts, 4 parts, fish oil, mineral substance premix 2 parts, vitamin premix 1 part, Choline Chloride 0.5 part, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1 part, coating lysine 0.6 part, coating methionine 0.4 part, 0.5 part, adhesive.
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| CN107712462A (en) * | 2017-11-08 | 2018-02-23 | 广州智龙生物科技有限公司 | A kind of aquatic products high-efficiency active biological fermentation bait and its preparation method and application |
| CN109329588B (en) * | 2018-10-24 | 2022-02-08 | 浙江海洋大学 | Compound feed for marine fish for deep-water cage culture |
| CN109804952B (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2021-01-26 | 海南晨海水产有限公司 | Artificial breeding method for decapterus maruadsi |
| CN112205520A (en) * | 2019-07-11 | 2021-01-12 | 刘康伟 | Aquaculture feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN110477217A (en) * | 2019-07-15 | 2019-11-22 | 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所 | A kind of tuna mixed feed and preparation method thereof based on South Sea Symeplectoteuthis oualaniensis |
| CN110839757A (en) * | 2019-12-04 | 2020-02-28 | 北京市水产技术推广站 | Goldfish fry starter feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN111466500A (en) * | 2020-05-09 | 2020-07-31 | 山东省海洋资源与环境研究院 | Low-fish-meal turbot feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN111466483A (en) * | 2020-05-09 | 2020-07-31 | 山东省海洋资源与环境研究院 | Preparation method and application of composite enzymatic hydrolysis fish soluble pulp |
| CN113854252A (en) * | 2021-10-28 | 2021-12-31 | 淮阴工学院 | Novel protein peptide bait for fishing crucian and preparation method thereof |
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