CN102389052A - Special compound feed for platichthys stellatus pallas adult fish and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Special compound feed for platichthys stellatus pallas adult fish and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a special compound feed for platichthys stellatus pallas adult fish. The compound feed comprises, by weight, 32-40% of fish meal, 8-15% of bean pulp, 5-12% of peanut meal, 6-10% of cotton meal, 5-10% of flour, 2-4% of alpha-starch, 1-3% of cuttlefish visceral meal, 4-7% of fish oil, 3-6% of soya-bean oil, 1-2% of compound vitamin, 1-3% of compound mineral substance, 0.2-0.4% of choline chloride, 0.3-0.7% of lysine, 0.3-0.6% of methionine, 2-3% of calcium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.01-0.02% of phytase. The preparation method comprises steps of: (1) weighing raw materials; (2) mixing main feeds for a first time; (3) crushing the main feeds for a first time; (4) crushing the main feeds by an ultra-micro pulverizer for a second crushing; (5) adding an additive and mixing for a second time; (6) heating and curing; (7) pelletizing; (8) drying; (9) spraying oil; (10) cooling; (11) packaging. The invention employs vegetable protein to substitute part of the fish meal, and raw material proportion and additive amount of choline are adjusted, so as to realize reasonable nutrient composition, promote digestion and absorption of platichthys stellatus pallas and accelerate growth of the platichthys stellatus pallas.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of aquaculture feed, is a kind of special-purpose mixed feed of great flounder adult fish and preparation method thereof of culturing specifically.
Background technology
Great flounder (
Platichthys stellatus, Pallas 1788) and claim asropyle platichthys stellatus pallas again, be subordinate to Pleuronectiformes, Pangasiidae, flounder genus, be the higher cold warm nature fish of a kind of economic worth.Have fast growth, advantages such as resistance against diseases is strong, visceral mass is little, dressing percentage is high, the wide salt of wide temperature, be suitable for the high density intensive culture.This fish is of high nutritive value, and mouthfeel is unique, and freezing back meat is constant basically, well received on the market at home and abroad.
In recent years, the intensive culture of great flounder had obtained developing rapidly in China, and breed scale and quantity enlarge day by day.Because what great flounder was cultured starts late, the research and development of great flounder special compound feed do not grow up, and therefore, the raiser often adopts the seawater carp compound feed of traditional iced trash fish of throwing something and feeding, autogamy feed or other kind of feeding., ingest inadequately ferociousness docile because of great flounder disposition; Its sinking speed of physical characteristic requirement to feed is slow, water stability is high; And conventional feed all can't reach this requirement; So can cause results such as efficiency of feed utilization is low, water environment pollution is serious after using these forage feed great flounders, restrict health, the sustainable development of this kind aquaculture greatly.Simultaneously; Whether the collocation of each nutritive index of great flounder special compound feed has rationally determined the quality of feed, and nutritive index levels such as too high protein, fat not only can cause the loss waste of nutrition, and can strengthen the pollution to breeding environment; On the contrary; The too low fish body subalimentation that then can cause of trophic level, the speed of growth is slow, degradation under the resistance against diseases.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to solve the deficiency that above-mentioned prior art exists, artifical compound feed of a kind of suitable great flounder intensive culture and preparation method thereof is provided.
Feeding habits and eating habit according to great flounder are chosen good raw material; Through regulating the ratio of each raw material between prescription; Make protein level in the feed, fat level, microelement level etc. meet the nutritional requirements of great flounder; And, improve the growth performance and the anti-adversity ability of great flounder through adding additives such as lysine, methionine, choline.
The present invention realizes through following technical scheme:
Great flounder adult fish special compound feed, its technical scheme mainly comprises Formula Design and technology.
Great flounder special compound feed, its special feature are that the percentage by weight of each component is respectively in the feed: fish meal 32-40%, dregs of beans 8-15%, peanut meal 5-12%, cotton dregs 6-10%; Flour 5-10%, alphalise starch 2-4%, squid visceral meal 1-3%, fish oil 4-7%; Soya-bean oil 3-6%, B B-complex 1-2%, composite mineral matter 1-3%, Choline Chloride 0.2-0.4%; Lysine 0.3-0.7%, methionine 0.3-0.6%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2-3%, phytase 0.01-0.02%.
Further the percentage by weight of each component is respectively in the great flounder special compound feed: fish meal 32-40%, dregs of beans 10-15%, peanut meal 8-12%, cotton dregs 8-10%; Flour 8-10%, alphalise starch 3-4%, squid visceral meal 2-3%, fish oil 5-7%; Soya-bean oil 3-5%, B B-complex 1-2%, composite mineral matter 2-3%, Choline Chloride 0.2-0.4%; Lysine 0.3-0.7%, methionine 0.3-0.6%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2-3%, phytase 0.01-0.02%.
B B-complex and composite mineral matter all adopt commercially available seawater fish specific complex vitamin and seawater fish specific complex mineral matter.
Bulking process is adopted in the making of above-mentioned mixed feed; Material is through technologies such as continuous mixing, modulation, intensification, extruding, slakings; Reach the density of adjustment feed; Optimize the sinking speed of feed granules, improve the stability of feed in water, improve the food ration and the purposes such as digestion, absorptivity of great flounder.
Making step:
1), with the percentage by weight weighing of fish meal, dregs of beans, peanut meal, cotton dregs, flour, alphalise starch, squid visceral meal, fish oil, soya-bean oil, B B-complex and composite mineral matter by each raw material components;
2), load weighted raw material carried out the first time mix, incorporation time is 80-100 second;
3), mixed material carries out coarse crushing, gained meal granularity is through the 2.5mm screen cloth;
4), utilize micronizer to carry out the second time to pulverize, crushing rear material granularity to 80 order, the standard screen oversize is less than 5%;
5), Choline Chloride, lysine, methionine, calcium dihydrogen phosphate and phytase are added in the material after pulverizing for the second time by component ratio separately, carry out second time and mix stirring, incorporation time is 60-90 second;
6), mixed material is passed through modulator heating, slaking: modulating time 1.5-2.0min, refining temperature are 85-95 ℃, and modulation moisture reaches 25-30%, the full 0.4-0.5MPa of steam pressure;
7), extruder granulates: the granulation pore size of template is 2.5mm, 3.0mm, 4.0mm, 5.0mm, 6.0mm, 7.5mm, 9.0mm, 11.0mm, totally 8 kinds of specifications, general 2 times of requiring less than grain diameter of granulation length;
8), oven dry: bake out temperature is controlled at 80-85 ℃, and the material moisture after the oven dry must not surpass 12%;
9), grease spraying: the quantity of spraying grease is controlled at about 3% of weight of material;
10), cooler cooling: temperature of charge is cooled in the scope that is not higher than 8 ℃ of ambient temperature;
11), finished product packing.
The coefficient of variation of said mixer≤5%.
For actual effect of the present invention is described, below provide the selection and the foundation of optimum formula of the present invention:
At first to grasp the proper technique parameter, comprise the selection of feed main material and confirming of adequate proteins level selection, processing and the processing technology screening of particulate material; Confirming of the suitable addition of granulated fodder additive; The screening of processing technology.
1, feed adequate proteins level confirms
With the fish meal is protein sources; Regulate the protein gradient with tapioca and cellulose; The feed such as ability such as grade of 5 different protein levels of preparation is divided into 5 groups (D1, D2, D3, D4, D5), and feed crude protein measured value is respectively 34.85%, 40.48%, 46.54%, 51.54% and 56.69%.After all feedstock analysis nutritional labelings, pulverized 80 mesh sieves, mixed, be machined to the granular mixed feed that diameter is 4.5 mm, dried and be stored in the refrigerator subsequent use through screw extrusion by adding a certain amount of fresh fish oil and suitable quantity of water after the proportioning weighing.Feed formula and trophic level are seen table 1.
Table 1 test feed prescription and conventional trophic component (%)
Table 2 different proteins level is to the influence of feed effect
The segmented line model analysis of forage protein level and rate of body weight gain relation is referring to accompanying drawing 1.
Comprehensive above result, research shows that the suitable addition of protein is 51.54%～53.56% in the great flounder feed.
2, on the basis of confirming protein level, confirm that fish meal substitutes level
Table 3 test feed proportioning and trophic component (%)
Different fish meal content are to the influence of fish growth in table 4 feed
According to experimental result, in the great flounder compound feed for young is produced,, reduce production costs for reducing the fish meal consumption, use fish meal through the compound protein raw material alternative 52% that overregulates amino acid balance, great flounder juvenile growth performance there is not obvious influence.
3, fat level confirms
Table 5 test feed prescription and conventional trophic component (%)
The different fat levels of table 6 feed are to great flounder juvenile growth Effect on Performance
The segmented line model analysis of feed fat level and rate of body weight gain relation is referring to accompanying drawing 2.
From above result, under given trophic level, the righttest fat level should be about 10.62%.
4, choline requirement
Table 7 test feed prescription and trophic component (%)
Feed choline level is to the impact analysis of great flounder juvenile fish specific growth rate, referring to accompanying drawing 3.
Feed choline level is evaluation index with the specific growth rate to the influence of great flounder juvenile fish specific growth rate, according to segmented line model [Y=1.365-0.0002 (1891.80-X), X≤1891.80,
R 2 =0.9921] drawing the great flounder juvenile fish is the 1891.80mg/kg feed to the top requirement quantity of choline in the feed.
5, end formulation parameter regulation
Through various experiments, the present invention confirms that on the basis of account cost and growth result great flounder adult fish special compound feed prescription is following: fish meal 32-40%, dregs of beans 10-15%, peanut meal 8-12%; Cotton dregs 8-10%, flour 8-10%, alphalise starch 3-4%; Squid visceral meal 2-3%, fish oil 5-7%, soya-bean oil 3-5%; B B-complex 1-2%, composite mineral matter 2-3% Choline Chloride 0.2-0.4%, lysine 0.3-0.7%; Methionine 0.3-0.6%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2-3%, phytase 0.01-0.02%.
The contrast of the present invention and prior art has following characteristics:
1. reduce the use of fish meal according to the feeding habits characteristics of great flounder, utilized comparatively cheap vegetable protein to substitute fish meal, under the situation that does not influence the fish bulk-growth, reduced feed cost;
2. on the basis of experiment, form, improve the utilization rate of protein through the amino acid that adds in the essential amino acid balanced feeds such as suitable lysine, methionine;
3. through adding the metabolism needs that suitable choline satisfies fish;
4. adopt the advanced processing technology to have improved the stability of feed, reduced scattering and disappearing of nutriment in the feed, have good sinking speed concurrently, meet the eating habit of great flounder.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1: the segmented line model analysis chart of forage protein level and rate of body weight gain relation;
Fig. 2: the segmented line model analysis chart of feed fat level and rate of body weight gain relation;
Fig. 3: feed choline level is to the impact analysis figure of great flounder juvenile fish specific growth rate.
The specific embodiment
Below provide the specific embodiment of the present invention, be used for formation of the present invention is further specified.
Embodiment 1
A kind of great flounder special compound feed, the percentage by weight of each component is respectively in the feed: fish meal 32%, dregs of beans 14%, peanut meal 11%, cotton dregs 7%; Flour 9%, alphalise starch 4%, squid visceral meal 3%, fish oil 7%; Soya-bean oil 4%, B B-complex 2%, composite mineral matter 2.3%, Choline Chloride 0.4%; Lysine 0.7%, methionine 0.58%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 3%, phytase 0.02%.
Used B B-complex of present embodiment and composite mineral matter are compound vitamin additive, the composite mineral matter trace mineral supplement that Chengdu three friendly pharmaceutcal corporation, Ltds produce.
The preparation method of above-mentioned great flounder special compound feed may further comprise the steps:
With preparation great flounder special compound feed is example for 1000 kilograms
1), the percentage by weight by raw material components takes by weighing 320 kilograms of fish meal, 140 kilograms of dregs of beans, 110 kilograms of peanut meals, 70 kilograms of cotton dregs, 90 kilograms in flour, 40 kilograms of alphalise starch, 30 kilograms of squid visceral meals, 70 kilograms in fish oil, 40 kilograms in soya-bean oil, 20 kilograms of compound vitamin additives, 23 kilograms of composite mineral matter trace mineral supplements;
2), load weighted raw material carried out the first time mix, incorporation time is 80-100 second;
3), mixed material carries out coarse crushing, gained meal granularity is through the 2.5mm screen cloth;
4), utilize micronizer to carry out the second time to pulverize, crushing rear material granularity to 80 order, the standard screen oversize is less than 5%;
5), take by weighing 0.2 kilogram of 4 kilograms of Choline Chlorides, 7 kilograms of lysines, 5.8 kilograms of methionine, 30 kilograms of calcium dihydrogen phosphates and phytase component separately added in the material after pulverizing for the second time, carry out second time and mix stirring, incorporation time is 60-90 second;
6), mixed material is passed through modulator heating, slaking: modulating time 1.5-2.0min, refining temperature are 85-95 ℃, and modulation moisture reaches 25-30%, the full 0.4-0.5MPa of steam pressure;
7), extruder granulates: the granulation pore size of template is 2.5mm, 3.0mm, 4.0mm, 5.0mm, 6.0mm, 7.5mm, 9.0mm, 11.0mm, totally 8 kinds of specifications, general 2 times of requiring less than grain diameter of granulation length;
8), oven dry: bake out temperature is controlled at 80-85 ℃, and the material moisture after the oven dry must not surpass 12%;
9), grease spraying: the quantity of spraying grease is controlled at about 3% of weight of material;
10), cooler cooling: temperature of charge is cooled in the scope that is not higher than 8 ℃ of ambient temperature;
11), finished product packing.
The coefficient of variation of mixer≤5%.
Embodiment 2
Present embodiment and embodiment 1 difference are
The great flounder special compound feed is respectively by the percentage by weight of each component: fish meal 38%, dregs of beans 13%, peanut meal 10%, cotton dregs 8%; Flour 8%, alphalise starch 3%, squid visceral meal 2.2%, fish oil 6%; Soya-bean oil 4%, B B-complex 2%, composite mineral matter 2%, Choline Chloride 0.3%; Lysine 0.5%, methionine 0.49%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2.5%, phytase 0.01%.
Preparing 1000 kilograms of required raw materials that take by weighing of great flounder special compound feed is respectively:
380 kilograms of fish meal, 130 kilograms of dregs of beans, 100 kilograms of peanut meals, 80 kilograms of cotton dregs, 80 kilograms in flour, 30 kilograms of alphalise starch, 22 kilograms of squid visceral meals, 60 kilograms in fish oil, 40 kilograms in soya-bean oil, 20 kilograms of compound vitamin additives, 20 kilograms of composite mineral matter trace mineral supplements;
3 kilograms of Choline Chlorides, 5 kilograms of lysines, 4.9 kilograms of methionine, 25 kilograms of calcium dihydrogen phosphates, 0.1 kilogram of phytase.
Embodiment 3
Present embodiment and embodiment 1 difference are
The great flounder special compound feed comprises following component, is respectively by the percentage by weight of each component: fish meal 40%, dregs of beans 12%, peanut meal 9%; Cotton dregs 10%, flour 8%, alphalise starch 3%, squid visceral meal 2%, fish oil 5%; Soya-bean oil 5%, B B-complex 1.1%, composite mineral matter 2%, Choline Chloride 0.2%; Lysine 0.3%, methionine 0.39%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2%, phytase 0.01%.
Preparing 1000 kilograms of required raw materials that take by weighing of great flounder special compound feed is respectively:
400 kilograms of fish meal, dregs of beans 120 kg, 90 kilograms of peanut meals, 100 kilograms of cotton dregs, 80 kilograms in flour, 30 kilograms of alphalise starch, 20 kilograms of squid visceral meals, 50 kilograms in fish oil, 50 kilograms in soya-bean oil, 11 kilograms of compound vitamin additives, 20 kilograms of composite mineral matter trace mineral supplements;
2 kilograms of Choline Chlorides, 3 kilograms of lysines, 3.9 kilograms of methionine, 20 kilograms of calcium dihydrogen phosphates, 0.1 kilogram of phytase.
The great flounder special compound feed that the present invention produced; Satisfying on the basis of great flounder to the nutriment demand, using vegetable protein farthest to substitute fish meal, and through improving the physical property that processing technology improves feed; Reduce the cost of feed; Improve the utilization rate of fish body to nutriment, the speed of growth ratio of fish is thrown something and fed and is improved more than 20% from batching, and feed coefficient is less than 1.1; Feed cost reduces above 30%, and aspects such as the build of fish body, body colour, vigor, meat are all near wild fish.
The use great flounder special compound feed that the present invention produced can be with reference to following feeding volume (seeing table 8)
The table 8 feedstuff feeding amount and the number of times of throwing something and feeding:
Test examples:
1, Ganyu, Jiangsu sea is sent out the choice seafood aquiculture field and on May 10th, 2008 was bought the long 8-10cm great flounder of body seed 50,000 tails, 30,000 tails this feed of feeding wherein, other 20,000 tails autogamy feed of feeding; Under the equal condition such as breeding density, water temperature, quantity of exchanged water; Fed 5 months, promptly October 10 the same year, results of measuring was following: the feed coefficient 1.02 of this feed of feeding, fish body average weight 242g; Survival rate 98.7%, 1.75 yuan/tail of bait investment; The feed coefficient 1.57 that the self-control of feeding is expected, the average weight 213g of fish body, survival rate 97%, 2.4 yuan/tail of bait cost.Conclusion shows the growing requirements of feed product of the present invention great flounder preferably, and its feed coefficient of feeding is low, and the fish bulk-growth is fast, and survival rate is high, and the raising consuming cost is low, and advantage is outstanding.
2, Shandong Prov. Marine Aquatic Product Inst Dongying cultivation base on July 9th, 2009 from Shandong sunshine buy the long 5-8cm great flounder of body seed 2.5 ten thousand tails, breeding way adopts the closed circulating water system cultivating system, breeding process is accomplished the innoxious breed of zero-emission; And omnidistance this feed that uses; To on August 2nd, 2010, the average body of the fish body 620g that weighs, survival rate reaches 98%; Feed coefficient uses this feed of proof can satisfy the needs of low-carbon (LC), environmental protection, innoxious aquaculture production fully less than 1.2.
3, since 2008 more than 3 years in the time; From Nantong in Jiangsu, Lianyun Harbour successively all used this product to the nearly various schools of thinkers great flounder breeding enterprise in areas such as sunshine in Shandong, Weihai, Laizhou, Haiyang; Result of use has obtained numerous raisers' approval, and culture benefit is remarkable.
Claims (5)
1. the great flounder special compound feed is characterized in that the percentage by weight of each component is respectively in the feed: fish meal 32-40%, dregs of beans 8-15%, peanut meal 5-12%, cotton dregs 6-10%; Flour 5-10%, alphalise starch 2-4%, squid visceral meal 1-3%, fish oil 4-7%; Soya-bean oil 3-6%, B B-complex 1-2%, composite mineral matter 1-3%, Choline Chloride 0.2-0.4%; Lysine 0.3-0.7%, methionine 0.3-0.6%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2-3%, phytase 0.01-0.02%.
2. according to the said great flounder special compound feed of claim 1, it is characterized in that wherein the percentage by weight of each component is respectively: fish meal 32-40%, dregs of beans 10-15%, peanut meal 8-12%, cotton dregs 8-10%; Flour 8-10%, alphalise starch 3-4%, squid visceral meal 2-3%, fish oil 5-7%; Soya-bean oil 3-5%, B B-complex 1-2%, composite mineral matter 2-3%, Choline Chloride 0.2-0.4%; Lysine 0.3-0.7%, methionine 0.3-0.6%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2-3%, phytase 0.01-0.02%.
3. according to claim 1 or 2 described great flounder special compound feeds, it is characterized in that said B B-complex and composite mineral matter all adopt commercially available seawater fish specific complex vitamin and seawater fish specific complex mineral matter.
4. the preparation method of claim 1 or 2 said great flounder special compound feeds is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
1), with the percentage by weight weighing of fish meal, dregs of beans, peanut meal, cotton dregs, flour, alphalise starch, squid visceral meal, fish oil, soya-bean oil, B B-complex and composite mineral matter by each raw material components;
2), load weighted raw material carried out the first time mix, incorporation time is 80-100 second;
3), mixed material carries out coarse crushing, gained meal granularity is through the 2.5mm screen cloth;
4), utilize micronizer to carry out the second time to pulverize, crushing rear material granularity to 80 order, the standard screen oversize is less than 5%;
5), Choline Chloride, lysine, methionine, calcium dihydrogen phosphate and phytase are added in the material after pulverizing for the second time by component ratio separately, carry out second time and mix stirring, incorporation time is 60-90 second;
6), mixed material is passed through modulator heating, slaking: modulating time 1.5-2.0min, refining temperature are 85-95 ℃, and modulation moisture reaches 25-30%, the full 0.4-0.5MPa of steam pressure;
7), extruder granulates: the granulation pore size of template is 2.5mm, 3.0mm, 4.0mm, 5.0mm, 6.0mm, 7.5mm, 9.0mm, 11.0mm, totally 8 kinds of specifications, general 2 times of requiring less than grain diameter of granulation length;
8), oven dry: bake out temperature is controlled at 80-85 ℃, and the material moisture after the oven dry must not surpass 12%;
9), grease spraying: the quantity of spraying grease is controlled at about 3% of weight of material;
10), cooler cooling: temperature of charge is cooled in the scope that is not higher than 8 ℃ of ambient temperature;
11), finished product packing.
5. according to the preparation method of the said great flounder special compound feed of claim 4, it is characterized in that the coefficient of variation≤5% of said mixer.
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| CN107183329A (en) * | 2017-06-30 | 2017-09-22 | 界首市康泽家庭农场 | A kind of great flounder scrod feed containing chicken powder |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103478497A (en) * | 2013-10-10 | 2014-01-01 | 山东升索鱼用饲料研究中心 | Sea fish mixed feed for deepwater net cage culture and manufacturing method thereof |
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| CN105767594A (en) * | 2016-03-16 | 2016-07-20 | 连云港恒图农牧开发有限公司 | High-protein-content growth-promoting environment-friendly fish feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN107183329A (en) * | 2017-06-30 | 2017-09-22 | 界首市康泽家庭农场 | A kind of great flounder scrod feed containing chicken powder |
| CN107183329B (en) * | 2017-06-30 | 2018-10-02 | 界首市康泽家庭农场 | A kind of great flounder scrod feed containing chicken powder |
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Application publication date: 20120328 |