CN101028042B - Slow-settling swelling granular complex feed for large-yellow croaker - Google Patents
Slow-settling swelling granular complex feed for large-yellow croaker Download PDFInfo
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- CN101028042B CN101028042B CN2007100085673A CN200710008567A CN101028042B CN 101028042 B CN101028042 B CN 101028042B CN 2007100085673 A CN2007100085673 A CN 2007100085673A CN 200710008567 A CN200710008567 A CN 200710008567A CN 101028042 B CN101028042 B CN 101028042B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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Abstract
A slow-depositing composite puffed particle feed for the middle-aged and adult large yellow croaker is proportionally prepared from fish powder, wheat flour, bean dregs, refined corn protein, fish oil, beer yeast, shrimp shell, minerals, choline chloride, and vitamins.
Description
Technical field the present invention relates to the fish feed field, relates in particular to the large yellow croaker field of fodder.
Background technology large yellow croaker formal name used at school: Pseudosciaena crocea, another name: yellow croaker, ivy gourd, cucumber, cucumber fish, belong to Sciaenidae, yellow croaker genus, be warm moist mass migration fish, its feeding habits are wide, nearly hundred kinds of bait kinds.Large yellow croaker meat exquisiteness, delicious flavour are rich in protein, are the famous and precious seafood fish of top grade, " fish maw " that air bladder is can drying one-tenth famous and precious and " yellow glue ", and the tool medical value has the function of moistening lung invigorating the spleen, inrigorating qi and promoting blood circulation.Existing domestic and international market is big to the large yellow croaker demand, and vast potential for future development is arranged.
Large yellow croaker mainly is distributed in the South Sea, the East Sea and southern Yellow Sea, is one of main economic fish in Fujian Province.National unique inner bay large yellow croaker spawning ground-Guan Jingyang is also in the our province Ningde Prefecture.The eighties, the scientific and technical personnel of Fujian Province obtained large yellow croaker whole artificial propagation and Study on Seedling Cultivation Technique achievement, and multiple spot was grown seedlings and tried to form merit the beginning of the nineties, had now entered commercial production.
Large yellow croaker is predacious fish, and is higher to protein requirement.The large yellow croaker breeding bait is aided with mixed feed generally based on freezing mackerel pompano at present, throws something and feeds after processing.According to preliminary test, the protein content of the artifical compound feed of forming stage is being advisable about 45%, and the content of carbohydrate should be controlled at about 5%.
Because freezing mackerel is easy to oxidation in course of defrosting, darken, meat is soft, quality obviously descends, and easily causes and cultures the fish disease evil; Because its viscosity is poor, cause a large amount of pollutions simultaneously, be unfavorable for the sustainable development of industry culturing the sea area.Along with the protection to water environment of the growing tension of marine resources and breeding process, people require to ban use of nursing large yellow croakers such as freezing mackerel pompano day by day and change the use artifical compound feed.But because lower floor fish in the large yellow croaker genus, it is imperative therefore to research and develop slow falling type compound fish bait used specially for pseudosciaena crocea.
Because the ichthyovorous stage of rheum officinale, the nutritional requirement of the large yellow croaker of different growth and development stages also exists bigger difference, so also there is stage in the slow falling type mixed feed of large yellow croaker.
Summary of the invention the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of its production cost and is used for the slow falling expanded pellet feed of adult fish in the large yellow croaker that is suitable for large yellow croaker adult fish stage breeding that cost is all lower and quality of large yellow croaker that cultured is higher that large yellow croaker cultures.
For achieving the above object, the large yellow croaker in adult fish stage during the present invention is suitable for feeding, promptly body weight more than 150 grams in the large yellow croaker in adult fish stage, it is a kind of mixture of being made by the processing method of expanded pellet feed by each component, its component and content comprise:
Fish meal 43～55%
Flour 12～15%
Dregs of beans 10～16%
Corn protamine 2～8%
Fish oil 3～6%
Brewer's yeast 2～6%
Shrimp chaff 3～6%
Mineral matter 1～3%
Choline Chloride 0.3～1%
Seawater fish multidimensional 0.2%
All percentages are percetage by weight.
Wherein, fish meal mainly provides protein sources and energy.Since the large yellow croaker in middle adult fish stage to crude protein require minimum, so the content of the fish meal among the present invention relatively other in stage large yellow croaker content minimum, be 43～55%, when its content greater than 55%, feed cost strengthens, and less than 43% o'clock, feed conversion rate reduced;
Flour mainly is to be beneficial to the raw mix swelling granular when being used for expanded granulation to be shaped and the tool good stable, when its content greater than 15% the time, feed is easily bubbled through the water column, be shaped less than then swelling granular was difficult in 12% o'clock;
Dregs of beans, corn protamine mainly provide protein sources and energy, and its addition is subjected to cost impact, but feed conversion rate descends during too high levels; The corn protamine is also more remarkable to the pigmentation of large yellow croaker body colour simultaneously.
Fish oil mainly provides energy, and plays the food calling effect, and add when excessive requirements such as technological requirement to product, feed storage all can increase when it, and adds when not enough, and functions such as the energy of feed, food calling all descend;
Brewer's yeast mainly provides protein sources, and peptic function, unfavorable finished product granulating and forming when addition is too high;
The shrimp chaff mainly provides protein sources, and the good food calling effect of energy, unfavorable finished product granulating and forming when interpolation is excessive;
Mineral matter, Choline Chloride and seawater fish multidimensional etc. play the effect of extra-nutrition all as additive, and fish body trace elements necessary is provided, and promote the metabolism of fish body, and its addition is all not high.
Above-mentioned various raw material components all can be purchased on market.
For improving the service time of product of the present invention, can in material composition of the present invention, add mould inhibitor, its content is 0.05～0.15%.Mould inhibitor mainly plays the killing fungus effect, so its content must reach certain amount and just work, and excessively also can cause adverse effect to the large yellow croaker body but add.
For making product efficacy of the present invention better, can add calcium dihydrogen phosphate in addition in its raw material components, its content is 0.3%; Liver protectant, its content are 0.1%; Antioxidant, its content are 0.02%.Wherein, calcium dihydrogen phosphate is mainly used in additional calcium, P elements; Liver protectant is mainly used in protection large yellow croaker liver and gall, promotes digestion; Antioxidant is mainly used in and prevents raw material such as protein, fatty oxidized in the feed.Above-mentioned each raw material components is trace to be added.
Add man-hour, generally adopt bile acid as liver protectant, antioxidant then generally adopts ethoxyquinoline.
The present invention also can be added with the additive that is beneficial to pigment deposition in raw material components, make the cultured large yellow croaker body colour near natural effect, and this additive is sea-tangle, fish oil and corn protamine, and its addition is a sea-tangle 1%, fish oil 2%, corn protamine 1%.
Warp under the identical management mode condition, adopts the middle adult fish puffing feed of following each component and content to descend at most culture efficiency the best with respect to its feed cost of conventional feed in same plant:
Fish meal 47%;
Flour 15%;
Dregs of beans 15%;
Corn protamine 6%;
Fish oil 5.78%;
Brewer's yeast 4%;
Shrimp chaff 4%;
Mineral matter 1%;
Choline Chloride 0.5%;
Seawater fish multidimensional 0.2%;
Calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.3%;
Liver protectant 0.1%;
Antioxidant 0.02%;
Sea-tangle powder 1%;
Mould inhibitor 0.1%.
The schistostoma of adult fish large yellow croaker is bigger in considering, its feed should be fit to it to be swallowed, and therefore feed particle diameter of the present invention should be 8.8～18.0mm.
Below by concrete experiment compared with prior art, analyze its beneficial effect with the present invention:
Test one: utilize the present invention and conventional feed to carry out scheduling to last the large yellow croaker culture experiment of 45d, found that the present invention compares with conventional feed, have good stable and higher feed efficiency, can guarantee normally ingesting and growing of large yellow croaker, and can reduce the breeding feed cost, alleviate pollution, improve the uniformity of large yellow croaker growth water quality.
1, experimental condition:
The test net cage---cube shaped, 3m * 3m * 3m, totally 6 casees;
Water condition---water temperature, current, salinity are respectively: 25～29.1 ℃, 25～40cm/s, 16～33 ‰ in breed;
Test fish---seed size total length 21.0～22.0cm, body weight 105g;
Test feed---slow falling puffing granule compound feed of adult fish (its raw material components comprises fish meal, flour, dregs of beans, fish oil, mineral matter, vitamin, Choline Chloride etc.) and conventional feed in the large yellow croaker of the present invention, its nutritional labeling sees Table 1;
The nutritional labeling of table 1 test feed (%)
| Feed | Thick protein | Crude fat | Methionine | Lysine | Moisture |
[0058]?
| The slow falling puffing granule compound feed of adult fish in the large yellow croaker | 40.5 | 8.0 | 1.2 | 2.0 | 9.2 |
| Conventional feed | 17.2 | 2.3 | 0.7 | 1.2 | 78 |
Test net cage number-6 case, the test net cage number of wherein throwing in the slow falling puffing granule compound feed of adult fish in the large yellow croaker of the present invention are 3 mouthfuls of 1#～3# net cage, and the test net cage number that conventional feed is fed in contrast is 3 mouthfuls of 4#～6# net cage;
Time, specification, mantissa, weight that large yellow croaker is put in test net cage area and test in a suitable place to breed see Table 2.
2, process of the test:
Feedstuff feeding: the test fish behind the branch mailbox begins the test feed of throwing something and feeding after the transition of 5d is cultured.Feed divides early, throws something and feeds for late twice, and a day feeding rate is controlled at 1.0%～3.0%, and ingest time is controlled at about 30min.
Daily management: the situations such as feeding activity that observe and write down weather, culture water, water temperature, pH value and large yellow croaker every day, as the foundation of adjusting daily ration, feeding quantity, the generation of sterilization to ward off disease in good time.
3, check and accept:
End on May 15, in experimental period from 1 day to 2006 April in 2006, amounts to 45d.During off-test, FCL is tested fish caught and weigh.Result of the test sees Table 2.
Feed conversion rate=net gain/feeding volume * 100%
Each cage culture situation of table 2 cultivation base
4, analysis of experiments: through calculating, computing formula is as follows:
Daily gain rate (%)=((net gain ÷ starting weight)/(n-1)) * 100% (n=cultures fate);
Feed efficiency (the %)=total food ration of total augment weight ÷ * 100%;
Weightening finish cost=feed price ÷ feed efficiency.
The gaining effect and the feed efficiency of this test see Table 3.
Table 3 gaining effect and feed efficiency
By analysis, feed efficiency of the present invention is compared higher with conventional feed:
(1), slow falling swelling granule material in manufacture process, raw material is through modified, slaking, puffing process, starch is by gelatinization, destroys simultaneously and the cell membrane of softening fibre structure, makes feed nutrition more help digesting and assimilating, the raising feed efficiency;
(2), the fat content conventional feed of slow falling swelling granule material exceeds 5.5%, played the effect of saving protein;
(3), after slow falling swelling granule material drops into water, be slow sinking, be easy to large yellow croaker and ingest, and emerge frightened and cause ingesting undesired, meet the natural eating habit of large yellow croaker.
5, conclusion (of pressure testing):
Gaining effect: under this experimental condition, the test fish average daily gain rate of the expanded material of throwing something and feeding all is higher than the test fish average daily gain rate of the conventional feed of throwing something and feeding, and shows the normal growth of expanded material energy guarantee test fish;
Feed efficiency: under this experimental condition, the average feed efficiency of expanded material is higher than the average feed efficiency of conventional feed, shows that expanded material is easy to be tested fish digestion, absorbs and utilizes.
The situation of ingesting: the feed that large yellow croaker ingests changes expanded material into by conventional feed, needs a bit of transit time.This test through 5 days transition after, the large yellow croaker expanded material of can ingesting well, and the speed of ingesting is also very fast, ingesting in 20min～30min basically finishes, and illustrates that expanded material can adapt to the custom of ingesting of large yellow croaker.
Economic benefit: the throw something and feed weightening finish cost of expanded material of test fish is lower than the weightening finish cost of conventional feed, promptly cultures a ton large yellow croaker feed cost and descends.
Test two: by carry out the test in 1 year by a definite date in plant, obtained effect preferably, the present invention's 2006 annual value of production reach hundreds thousand of units, and customer responsiveness is good, reaches the result of use of expection.
1, experimental condition:
Test place---large yellow croaker cultivation base, green hill, Ningde, Fujian
Test feed---the slow falling puffing granule compound feed of adult fish cooperates slow-settling swelling granular complex feed for large-yellow croaker scrod and slow-settling swelling ranular complex feed for large-yellow croaker scrod in the large yellow croaker of the present invention.
Test period---2006 years
2, process of the test: feed the large yellow croaker that the used test feed in above-mentioned test site has carried out a year by a definite date.
3, check and accept: newly-increased large yellow croaker output reaches 11 tons, and the test large yellow croaker ingests in order, stablizes, and culture experiment water quality is good, large yellow croaker health, and the body colour golden yellow is cultured easy to use.
4, analysis of experiments: in 20,000 yuan/ton of qualified specification fish prices,
Ten thousand yuan of new output values=newly-increased large yellow croaker output * fish price=11 * 2=22.
Culture the ton cost and need 1.8 ten thousand/ton approximately, it is 2,000 yuan/ton that ton is cultured profit.
The new profit=ton is cultured ten thousand yuan of profit * newly-increased large yellow croaker output=0.2 * 11=2.2.
5, conclusion (of pressure testing): use the present invention to be used for large yellow croaker and culture, compare with traditional conventional feed, the new profit has reduced the pollution to water environment simultaneously effectively effectively, can obtain favorable social and economic benefits.
In sum, the present invention has the following advantages:
Compare with conventional feed:
1, comprehensive nutrition, product are rich in various essential amino acids, trace element, special-purpose minerals and vitamins etc., satisfy the demand of each different growth phases of large yellow croaker to various nutritional labelings, the feed conversion rate height.
2, digestive utilization ratio height: average feed efficiency of the present invention is higher than the average feed efficiency of conventional feed, and it is easier to be digested, absorb and utilize.
3, aquaculture cost is low: use the feed cost of cultured large yellow croaker of the present invention to be about 11163 yuan/ton, and use the breeding feed cost of conventional feed to be about 11765 yuan/ton, culture ton large yellow croaker feed cost and can descend 602 yuan.
4, few to the breeding water body pollution: compare with conventional feed, expanded pellet diet nutrient in water body does not run off, and is few to the pollution of breeding water body, protects water resource effectively, promotes culture fishery health to develop sustainably.
5, raw material source is extensive: under the pressure that be becoming tight stock of fish day in the world at present, have the external competitiveness that wide raw material source will strengthen enterprise.
6, the user is easy to use: after conventional feed will being worn into the fish slurry before conventional feed is used, just can throw something and feed.Workload causes nutrition leak and water pollution greatly and easily.And expanded pellet feed only needs feed poured in the feed frame and gets final product, and promptly makes things convenient for to be easy to grasp daily ration, feeding quantity again.
Compare with existing large yellow croaker expanded pellet feed:
1, feed conversion rate height: the present invention has further improved the proteopepsis rate of feedstuff, the ANFs of having degraded to greatest extent, and fully satisfy large yellow croaker to demands such as essential amino acid, unrighted acid and trace elements.
2, green non-pollution: it is natural that the large yellow croaker of this product of ingesting has body colour, and fish body health, medication are few, and characteristics such as it is fast to grow can have been brought higher economic benefit, social benefit and ecological benefits for this enterprise and raiser.
Description of drawings Fig. 1 is a technological process of production schematic diagram of the present invention.
The specific embodiment is following, and the present invention is described in further detail by specific embodiment, but the present invention is not limited to following examples.
Body weight at the middle adult fish large yellow croaker that the present invention cultured is generally more than the 150g, and feed particle diameter of the present invention is generally 8.8～18.0mm.
Embodiment 1: component and content that the present invention is the most basic comprise:
Fish meal 43%;
Flour 15%;
Dregs of beans 16%;
Corn protamine 3.65%;
Fish oil 6%;
Brewer's yeast 6%;
Shrimp chaff 6%
Mineral matter 3%;
Choline Chloride 1%;
Seawater fish multidimensional 0.2%;
Mould inhibitor 0.15%.
Embodiment 2: component and content that the present invention adds behind an amount of additive comprise:
Fish meal 43%;
Flour 15%;
Dregs of beans 16%;
Corn protamine 2%;
Fish oil 6%;
Brewer's yeast 6%;
Shrimp chaff 6%
Mineral matter 3%;
Choline Chloride 1%;
Seawater fish multidimensional 0.2%;
Calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.3%;
Liver protectant 0.1%;
Antioxidant 0.02%;
Sea-tangle powder 1.23%;
Mould inhibitor 0.15%.
Embodiment 3: component and content that the present invention adds behind an amount of additive comprise:
Fish meal 55%;
Flour 12%;
Dregs of beans 10%;
Corn protamine 8%;
Fish oil 3%;
Brewer's yeast 2%;
Shrimp chaff 6%
Mineral matter 1%;
Choline Chloride 0.3%;
Seawater fish multidimensional 0.2%;
Calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.3%;
Liver protectant 0.1%;
Antioxidant 0.02%;
Sea-tangle powder 2.03%;
Mould inhibitor 0.05%.
Embodiment 4: component and content that the present invention adds behind an amount of additive comprise:
Fish meal 53%;
Flour 14%;
Dregs of beans 15%;
Corn protamine 6%;
Fish oil 2%;
Brewer's yeast 3.78%;
Shrimp chaff 3%;
Mineral matter 1%;
Choline Chloride 0.5%;
Seawater fish multidimensional 0.2%;
Calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.3%;
Liver protectant 0.1%;
Antioxidant 0.02%;
Sea-tangle powder 1%;
Mould inhibitor 0.1%.
Embodiment 5: the component and the content of culture efficiency the best of the present invention comprise:
Fish meal 47%;
Flour 15%;
Dregs of beans 15%;
Corn protamine 6%;
Fish oil 5.78%;
Brewer's yeast 4%;
Shrimp chaff 4%;
Mineral matter 1%;
Choline Chloride 0.5%;
Seawater fish multidimensional 0.2%;
Calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.3%;
Liver protectant 0.1%;
Antioxidant 0.02%;
Sea-tangle powder 1%;
Mould inhibitor 0.1%.
The present invention is a kind of mixture of being made by the processing method of expanded pellet feed by each component, and above-mentioned various raw material components all can be purchased on market.Adding man-hour, generally adopting bile acid as liver protectant, antioxidant then generally adopts ethoxyquinoline.
As shown in Figure 1,---screen scarifier 2 removal of impurities primary dcreening operations------pulverizer 4 ultramicro grinding------screening machine 6 postsearch screenings---------dryer 9 oven dry---dust removal machine 10 dedustings---oil-injection machine 11 oil spouts---cooler bin 12 coolings---the screening machine 13 sieves---packing that weighs that granulator 8 extrusions are granulated that modified case 7 is modified that mixer 5 mixes for the second time that mixer 3 mixes for the first time that the production technology of product of the present invention processing is: big part raw material and smallclothes mixture are dropped into hopper 1.
Claims (6)
1. the slow falling puffing granule compound feed of adult fish in the large yellow croaker, the large yellow croaker in adult fish stage in being suitable for feeding, the large yellow croaker in adult fish stage in being body weight more than 150 grams, it is a kind of mixture of being made by the processing method of slow falling expanded pellet feed by each component, it is characterized in that: its component and content comprise:
Fish meal 43-55%
Flour 12-15%
Dregs of beans 10-16%
Corn protamine 2-8%
Fish oil 3-6%
Brewer's yeast 2-6%
Shrimp chaff 3-6%
Mineral matter 1-3%
Choline Chloride 0.3-1%
Seawater fish multidimensional 0.2%
All percentages are percetage by weight;
In its component mould inhibitor is arranged, its content is 0.05-0.15%;
In its component calcium dihydrogen phosphate is arranged, its content is 0.3%; Liver protectant, its content are 0.1%; Antioxidant, its content are 0.02%.
2. slow-settling swelling ranular complex feed for large-yellow croaker scrod as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: this liver protectant is a bile acid, and antioxidant is an ethoxyquinoline.
3. as the slow falling puffing granule compound feed of the described large yellow croaker adult fish of one of claim 1 to 2, it is characterized in that: help the additive of pigment deposition in its component, this additive is sea-tangle, fish oil and corn protamine, and its addition is a sea-tangle 1%, fish oil 2%, corn protamine 1%.
4. the slow falling puffing granule compound feed of large yellow croaker adult fish as claimed in claim 3, its
Be characterised in that: its component and content are:
Fish meal 47%;
Flour 15%;
Dregs of beans 15%;
Corn protamine 6%;
Fish oil 5.78%;
Brewer's yeast 4%;
Shrimp chaff 4%;
Mineral matter 1%;
Choline Chloride 0.5%;
Seawater fish multidimensional 0.2%;
Calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.3%;
Liver protectant 0.1%;
Antioxidant 0.02%;
Sea-tangle powder 1%;
Mould inhibitor 0.1%.
5. as claim 1, the slow falling puffing granule compound feed of 2 or 4 described large yellow croaker adult fishes, it is characterized in that: its feed particle diameter is 8.8-18.0mm.
6. the slow falling puffing granule compound feed of large yellow croaker adult fish as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that: its feed particle diameter is 8.8-18.0mm.
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| CN102805261B (en) * | 2012-08-15 | 2013-08-21 | 福建天马科技集团股份有限公司 | Soft pellet large yellow croaker and juvenile fish compound feed |
| CN103039750B (en) * | 2013-01-09 | 2014-12-31 | 华南师范大学 | Floating expanded feed for puffer fish |
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