CN101002597B - Puffed, granulated compounding feed for grown golden pomfret - Google Patents
Puffed, granulated compounding feed for grown golden pomfret Download PDFInfo
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- CN101002597B CN101002597B CN2007100084596A CN200710008459A CN101002597B CN 101002597 B CN101002597 B CN 101002597B CN 2007100084596 A CN2007100084596 A CN 2007100084596A CN 200710008459 A CN200710008459 A CN 200710008459A CN 101002597 B CN101002597 B CN 101002597B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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Abstract
A puffed granular composite bait for middle-age golden pampus is proportionally prepared from fish powder, wheat flour, bean dregs, fine corn protein, fish oil, beer yeast, minerals, choline chloride, and polyvitamin.
Description
Technical field the present invention relates to the fish feed field, relates in particular to golden butterfish field of fodder.
The avette silvery pomfret Ajigasawa of background technology gold butterfish formal name used at school, party name yellow cured silvery pomfret in ground is the water warm pelagic fishes, and build is bigger, and big individuality has 5 kilograms～10 kilograms.The delicacy of gold butterfish meat, delicious U.S. is famous and precious edible fishes, only output is little, so can be used as the object of sea-farming.The gold butterfish is heavy, and digestion is fast, and growth is rapid, and mainly contain two types bait at present at its characteristics: a class is a small fish, and a class is an artifical compound feed.Less because of golden butterfish face, small fish must be bright, and will blend to prevent fish-bone from blocking throat by hungry to death,, therefore aquaculture cost is higher when propagating golden butterfish artificially.
Production cost is low, digestive utilization ratio is high, aquaculture cost is low because it has for artificial system expanded pellet feed, to breeding water body pollute less, advantage such as raw material source is extensive, demonstrate the trend that replaces conventional feed at present in the fish feed field gradually, show huge market potential.
Now existing multiple fish are adopted expanded pellet feed when propagating artificially, as patent of invention " a kind of swamp eel floating forage " (patent No.: CN200410026444.9) disclose a kind of expanded pellet diet that is used for culture of swamp eel.And on golden butterfish was cultured, more existing abroad countries and regions began to adopt expanded pellet feed.The Taiwan of China also is to culture the more area of golden butterfish, also begins to promote the use of golden butterfish expanded pellet feed in recent years and substitutes small fish, has all obtained certain result of use.But because golden butterfish expanded pellet feed compares with small fish, it is yellow that its golden butterfish body colour of culturing out is owed, and has influence on commodity value, simultaneously if feed formula science not also will cause its aquaculture cost to be higher than the aquaculture cost that uses small fish.Therefore, adopt expanded material of golden butterfish feed to be used to propagate artificially golden butterfish and still be in the popularization stage.
Because golden butterfish feeding habits have tangible stage, the nutritional requirement of the growth and development stage that they are different also exists bigger difference, therefore propagating artificially golden butterfish is according to its different breed stage, various raw materials is carried out scientific matching form different mixed feeds.
Summary of the invention the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of its production cost and is used for the cost that golden butterfish cultures all lower, and adult fish puffing granule feed in the higher golden butterfish that is suitable for adult fish stage breeding in the golden butterfish of the golden butterfish quality of being cultured.
For achieving the above object, the golden butterfish in adult fish stage during the present invention is suitable for feeding, be that body weight restrains to the golden butterfish in the middle adult fish stages of 600 grams 200, it is a kind of mixture of being made by the processing method of expanded pellet feed by each component, and its component and content comprise:
Fish meal 40～50%
Flour 20～25%
Dregs of beans 8～15%
Corn protamine 2～8%
Fish oil 2～6%
Brewer's yeast 2～6%
Mineral matter 1～3%
Choline Chloride 0.3～1%
Seawater fish multidimensional 0.2%
All percentages are percetage by weight.
Wherein, fish meal mainly provides protein sources and energy.Since the golden butterfish in middle adult fish stage to crude protein require minimum, so the content of the fish meal among the present invention relatively other in stages the gold butterfish content minimum, be 40～50%, when its content greater than 50%, feed cost strengthens, and less than 40% o'clock, feed conversion rate reduced;
Flour mainly is to be beneficial to raw mix shaping particles and tool good stable when being used for expanded granulation, when its content greater than 25% the time, the crude protein of feed is reduced, be shaped less than then particle was difficult in 20% o'clock;
Dregs of beans, corn protamine mainly provide protein sources and energy, and its addition is subjected to cost impact, but feed conversion rate descends during too high levels; The corn protamine is also more remarkable to the pigmentation of golden butterfish body colour simultaneously.
Fish oil mainly provides energy, and plays the food calling effect, and add when excessive requirements such as technological requirement to product, feed storage all can increase when it, and adds when not enough, and functions such as the energy of feed, food calling all descend;
Brewer's yeast mainly provides protein sources, and peptic function, unfavorable finished product granulating and forming when addition is too high;
Mineral matter, Choline Chloride and seawater fish multidimensional etc. play the effect of extra-nutrition all as additive, and fish body trace elements necessary is provided, and promote the metabolism of fish body, and its addition is all not high.
Above-mentioned various raw material components all can be purchased on market.
For improving the service time of product of the present invention, can in material composition of the present invention, add mould inhibitor, its content is 0.05～0.15%.Mould inhibitor mainly plays the killing fungus effect, so its content must reach certain amount and just work, and excessively also can cause adverse effect to golden butterfish fish body but add.
For making product efficacy of the present invention better, can add calcium dihydrogen phosphate in addition in its raw material components, its content is 0.3%; Liver protectant, its content are 0.1%; Antioxidant, its content are 0.02%.Wherein, calcium dihydrogen phosphate is mainly used in additional calcium, P elements; Liver protectant is mainly used in protective money butterfish liver and gall, promotes digestion; Antioxidant is mainly used in and prevents raw material such as protein, fatty oxidized in the feed.Above-mentioned each raw material components is trace to be added.
Add man-hour, generally adopt bile acid as liver protectant, antioxidant then generally adopts ethoxyquinoline.
The present invention also can be added with the additive that is beneficial to pigment deposition in raw material components, make to culture golden butterfish body colour near natural effect, and this additive is sea-tangle, fish oil, corn protamine and shrimp shell meal, its addition is a sea-tangle 1%, shrimp shell meal 1%, fish oil 2%, corn protamine 2%.
Warp under the identical management mode condition, adopts the middle adult fish puffing feed of following each component and content to descend at most culture efficiency the best with respect to its feed cost of small fish in same plant:
Fish meal 47%;
Flour 25%;
Dregs of beans 8.78%;
Corn protamine 6%;
Fish oil 5%;
Brewer's yeast 4%;
Mineral matter 1%;
Choline Chloride 0.5%;
Seawater fish multidimensional 0.2%;
Calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.3%;
Liver protectant 0.1%;
Antioxidant 0.02%;
Sea-tangle powder 1%;
Shrimp shell meal 1%;
Mould inhibitor 0.1%.
The schistostoma of adult fish gold butterfish is bigger in considering, therefore feed particle diameter of the present invention should be 7.0～15.0mm.
Below by concrete experiment compared with prior art, analyze its beneficial effect with the present invention:
Test one: utilize the present invention and small fish to carry out scheduling to last the golden butterfish culture experiment of 45d, found that the present invention compares with small fish, have good stable and higher feed efficiency, but normally the ingesting and grow of guarantee fund butterfish, and can reduce the breeding feed cost, alleviate pollution, improve the uniformity of golden butterfish growth water quality.
1, experimental condition:
The test net cage---cube shaped, 3m * 3m * 3m, totally 18 casees;
Water condition---water temperature, current, salinity are respectively: 25～32 ℃, 25～40cm/s, 16～33 ‰ in breed;
Test fish---seed size total length 10～16cm, body weight 55g;
Test feed---adult fish swelling particle mixed feed in the golden butterfish of the present invention (its raw material components comprises fish meal, flour, dregs of beans, fish oil, mineral matter, vitamin, Choline Chloride etc.) and small fish, its nutritional labeling sees Table 1;
The nutritional labeling of table 1 test feed (%)
| Feed | Thick protein | Crude fat | Methionine | Lysine | Moisture |
| Adult fish swelling particle mixed feed in the gold butterfish | 41.3 | 9.0 | 1.2 | 2.8 | 8.0 |
| Small fish | 17.2 | 2.3 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 78 |
Test net cage number---6 casees, the test net cage number of wherein throwing in adult fish swelling particle mixed feed in the golden butterfish of the present invention are 3 mouthfuls of 1#～3# net cage, and the test net cage number that small fish is fed in contrast is 3 mouthfuls of 4#～6# net cage;
Time, specification, mantissa, weight that golden butterfish is put in test net cage area and test in a suitable place to breed see Table 2.
2, process of the test:
Feedstuff feeding: the test fish behind the branch mailbox begins the test feed of throwing something and feeding after the transition of 3d is cultured.Feed divides early, throws something and feeds for late twice, and a day feeding rate is controlled at 1.5%～5.0%, and ingest time is controlled at about 30min.Pick up when residual bait is arranged and weigh, and from daily ration, feeding quantity, deduct, as food ration when meal;
Daily management: the situations such as feeding activity that observe and write down weather, culture water, water temperature, pH value and golden butterfish every day, as the foundation of adjusting daily ration, feeding quantity, the generation of sterilization to ward off disease in good time.
3, check and accept:
End on November 27, in experimental period from 14 days to 2006 October in 2006, amounts to 45d.During off-test, FCL is tested fish caught and weigh.Result of the test sees Table 2.
Each cage culture situation of table 2 cultivation base
4, analysis of experiments: through calculating, computing formula is as follows:
Daily gain rate (%)=((net gain ÷ starting weight)/(n-1)) * 100% (n=cultures fate);
Feed efficiency (the %)=total food ration of total augment weight ÷ * 100%;
Weightening finish cost=feed price ÷ feed efficiency.
The gaining effect and the feed efficiency of this test see Table 3.
Table 3 gaining effect and feed efficiency
By analysis, feed efficiency of the present invention is compared higher with small fish:
(1), expanded material in manufacture process, raw material is through modified, slaking, puffing process, starch is by gelatinization, destroys simultaneously and the cell membrane of softening fibre structure, makes feed nutrition more help digesting and assimilating, the raising feed efficiency;
(2), the fat content ratio small fish material of expanded material exceeds 6.0%, played the effect of saving protein;
Need when (3), small fish prepares because of it to be blended, easily sink after being sprinkled in the water, the gold butterfish need spend bigger strength to go to fight for, and behind the expanded material input water, because of himself toughness, can moltenly not loose in water, and it has certain buoyancy, is dispersed in the bigger water surface, is easy to golden butterfish and ingests, the consumption of gold butterfish self-energy is lower, and this has also improved feed efficiency to a certain extent.
5, conclusion (of pressure testing):
Gaining effect: under this experimental condition, the test fish average daily gain rate of the expanded material of throwing something and feeding all is higher than the test fish average daily gain rate of the small fish material of throwing something and feeding, and shows the normal growth of expanded material energy guarantee test fish;
Feed efficiency: under this experimental condition, the average feed efficiency of expanded material is higher than the average feed efficiency of small fish material, shows that expanded material is easy to be tested fish digestion, absorbs and utilizes.
The situation of ingesting: the feed that golden butterfish ingests changes expanded material into by the small fish material, needs a bit of transit time.This tests the golden butterfish expanded material of can having ingested well, and the speed of ingesting is also very fast, and ingesting in 20min～30min basically finishes, and illustrates that expanded material can adapt to the custom of ingesting of golden butterfish.
Economic benefit: the throw something and feed weightening finish cost of expanded material of test fish is lower than the weightening finish cost of small fish material, promptly cultures the golden butterfish feed cost of ton and descends.
Test two: by carry out the test in 1 year by a definite date in plant, obtained effect preferably, the present invention's 2006 annual value of production reach hundreds of 100,000 yuan, and customer responsiveness is good, reaches the result of use of expection.
1, experimental condition:
The test place---oily deep water mesh cage is cultured company-cultivation base, Lingshui in Hainan
Test feed---adult fish swelling particle mixed feed in the golden butterfish of the present invention
Test period---2006 years
2, process of the test: feed the golden butterfish that the used test feed in above-mentioned test site has carried out a year by a definite date.
3, check and accept: newly-increased golden butterfish output reaches 585 tons, tests golden butterfish and ingests in order, stablizes, and culture experiment water quality is good, golden butterfish health, and the body colour golden yellow is cultured easy to use.
4, analysis of experiments: in 20,000 yuan/ton of qualified specification fish prices,
Ten thousand yuan of new output values=newly-increased golden butterfish output * fish price=585*2=1170.
Culture the ton cost and need 1.7 ten thousand/ton approximately, it is 3,000 yuan/ton that ton is cultured profit.
The new profit=ton is cultured ten thousand yuan of the newly-increased golden butterfish output=0.3*585=175.5 of profit *.
5, conclusion (of pressure testing): use the present invention to be used for golden butterfish and culture, compare with traditional small fish material, the new profit has reduced the pollution to water environment simultaneously effectively effectively, can obtain favorable social and economic benefits.
In sum, the present invention has the following advantages:
Compare with the small fish material:
1, comprehensive nutrition, product are rich in various essential amino acids, trace element, special-purpose minerals and vitamins etc., satisfy the demand of each different growth phases of golden butterfish to various nutritional labelings, the feed conversion rate height;
2, digestive utilization ratio height: average feed efficiency of the present invention is higher than the average feed efficiency of small fish material, and it is easier to be digested, absorb and utilize;
3, aquaculture cost is low: the feed cost that uses the present invention to culture golden butterfish is about 9969 yuan/ton, and uses the breeding feed cost of small fish material to be about 10656 yuan/ton, cultures the golden butterfish feed cost of ton and can descend 687 yuan;
4, few to the breeding water body pollution: the back is as can not in time being eaten by golden butterfish in the small fish input water, bigger to the cultivation water environment pollution, and expanded pellet diet nutrient in water body does not run off, few to the pollution of breeding water body, protect water resource effectively, promote culture fishery health to develop sustainably;
5, raw material source is extensive: under the pressure that be becoming tight stock of fish day in the world at present, have the external competitiveness that wide raw material source will strengthen enterprise;
6, the user is easy to use: after small fish will being worn into the fish slurry before the small fish material uses, just can throw something and feed, workload causes nutrition leak and water pollution greatly and easily, and expanded pellet feed only needs feed poured in the feed frame and gets final product, and promptly makes things convenient for to be easy to grasp daily ration, feeding quantity again.
Compare with existing golden butterfish expanded pellet feed:
1, feed conversion rate height: the present invention has further improved the proteopepsis rate of feedstuff, the ANFs of having degraded to greatest extent, and fully satisfy golden butterfish to demands such as essential amino acid, unrighted acid and trace elements.
2, green non-pollution: it is natural that the golden butterfish of this product of ingesting has body colour, and fish body health, medication are few, and characteristics such as it is fast to grow can have been brought higher economic benefit, social benefit and ecological benefits for this enterprise and raiser.
Description of drawings Fig. 1 is a technological process of production schematic diagram of the present invention.
The specific embodiment is following, and the present invention is described in further detail by specific embodiment, but the present invention is not limited to following examples.
Body weight at the middle adult fish gold butterfish that the present invention cultured is generally 200～600g, and feed particle diameter of the present invention is generally 7.0～15.0mm.
Embodiment 1: component and content that the present invention is the most basic comprise:
Fish meal 45%;
Flour 22.42%;
Dregs of beans 10.78%;
Corn protamine 6%;
Fish oil 6%;
Brewer's yeast 6%;
Mineral matter 3%;
Choline Chloride 0.5%;
Seawater fish multidimensional 0.2%;
Mould inhibitor 0.1%.
Embodiment 2: component and content that the present invention adds behind an amount of additive comprise:
Fish meal 40%;
Flour 25%;
Dregs of beans 8%;
Corn protamine 8%;
Fish oil 6%;
Brewer's yeast 6%;
Mineral matter 3%;
Choline Chloride 1%;
Seawater fish multidimensional 0.2%;
Mould inhibitor 0.15%.
Calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.3%;
Liver protectant 0.1%;
Antioxidant 0.02%;
Sea-tangle powder 1%;
Shrimp shell meal 1.23%;
Embodiment 3: component and content that the present invention adds behind an amount of additive comprise:
Fish meal 50%;
Flour 25%;
Dregs of beans 15%;
Corn protamine 2%;
Fish oil 2%;
Brewer's yeast 2%;
Mineral matter 1%;
Choline Chloride 0.3%;
Seawater fish multidimensional 0.2%;
Calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.3%;
Liver protectant 0.1%;
Antioxidant 0.02%;
Sea-tangle powder 1.03%;
Shrimp shell meal 1%;
Mould inhibitor 0.05%.
Embodiment 4: component and content that the present invention adds behind an amount of additive comprise:
Fish meal 45%;
Flour 20%;
Dregs of beans 10.78%;
Corn protamine 6%;
Fish oil 6%;
Brewer's yeast 6%;
Mineral matter 3%;
Choline Chloride 0.5%;
Seawater fish multidimensional 0.2%;
Calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.3%;
Liver protectant 0.1%;
Antioxidant 0.02%;
Sea-tangle powder 1%;
Shrimp shell meal 1%;
Mould inhibitor 0.1%.
Embodiment 5: the component and the content of culture efficiency the best of the present invention comprise:
Fish meal 47%;
Flour 25%;
Dregs of beans 8.78%;
Corn protamine 6%;
Fish oil 5%;
Brewer's yeast 4%;
Mineral matter 1%;
Choline Chloride 0.5%;
Seawater fish multidimensional 0.2%;
Calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.3%;
Liver protectant 0.1%;
Antioxidant 0.02%;
Sea-tangle powder 1%;
Shrimp shell meal 1%;
Mould inhibitor 0.1%.
The present invention is a kind of mixture of being made by the processing method of expanded pellet feed by each component, and above-mentioned various raw material components all can be purchased on market.Adding man-hour, generally adopting bile acid as liver protectant, antioxidant then generally adopts ethoxyquinoline.
Product of the present invention is in the production technology that adds man-hour as shown in Figure 1:
Claims (3)
1. adult fish swelling particle mixed feed in the golden butterfish, the golden butterfish in adult fish stage in being suitable for feeding, be that golden butterfish is by the body weight golden butterfish in adult fish stage in 200 grams restrain to 600, it is a kind of mixture of being made by the processing method of expanded pellet feed by each component, it is characterized in that its component and content are:
Fish meal 40-50%;
Flour 20-25%;
Dregs of beans 8-15%;
Corn protamine 2-8%;
Fish oil 2-6%;
Brewer's yeast 2-6%;
Mineral matter 1-3%;
Choline Chloride 0.3-1%;
Seawater fish multidimensional 0.2%;
All percentages are percetage by weight;
Mould inhibitor is arranged in the component, and its content is 0.05-0.15%;
Calcium dihydrogen phosphate is arranged in the component, and its content is 0.3%; Liver protectant is a bile acid, and its content is 0.1%: antioxidant is an ethoxyquinoline, and its content is 0.02%;
It is sea-tangle powder and shrimp shell meal that additive is arranged in the component, and its addition is a sea-tangle powder 1%, shrimp shell meal 1%.
2. adult fish gold butterfish puffing granule compound feed in the golden butterfish, it is characterized in that: its component and content are:
Fish meal 45%;
Flour 20%:
Dregs of beans 10.78%;
Corn protamine 6%;
Fish oil 6%;
Brewer's yeast 6%;
Mineral matter 3%;
Choline Chloride 0.5%;
Seawater fish multidimensional 0.2%;
Calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.3%;
Liver protectant 0.1%
Antioxidant 0.02%;
Sea-tangle powder 1%;
Shrimp shell meal 1%;
Mould inhibitor 0.1%.
3. adult fish swelling particle mixed feed in the golden butterfish as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that: its feed particle diameter is 7.0-15.0mm.
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| CN2007100084596A CN101002597B (en) | 2007-01-17 | 2007-01-17 | Puffed, granulated compounding feed for grown golden pomfret |
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| CN2007100084596A CN101002597B (en) | 2007-01-17 | 2007-01-17 | Puffed, granulated compounding feed for grown golden pomfret |
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| CN101002597B true CN101002597B (en) | 2011-04-13 |
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Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101579067B (en) * | 2009-04-30 | 2011-09-21 | 福州天马饲料有限公司 | Swelling granular mixed feed for parr of siganidae |
| CN102125174A (en) * | 2010-12-09 | 2011-07-20 | 通威股份有限公司 | Golden pompano feed applicable to deep-sea cage culture |
| CN102771672A (en) * | 2012-08-13 | 2012-11-14 | 湖北维普生物科技股份有限公司 | Golden pompano feed |
| CN102835607A (en) * | 2012-09-25 | 2012-12-26 | 北海恒兴特种饲料有限公司 | Seawater pompano extruded and expanded compound feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN104286575A (en) * | 2014-10-31 | 2015-01-21 | 福建天马科技集团股份有限公司 | Slow-sedimentation puffed particle formula feed for adult butterfishes |
| CN105309841A (en) * | 2015-10-28 | 2016-02-10 | 湛江粤华水产饲料有限公司 | Expanded feed capable of improving trachinotus ovatus meat quality and preparation method for expanded feed |
| CN112617059A (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-04-09 | 广西海世通食品股份有限公司 | Trachinotus ovatus nutrition-enhanced feed formula and preparation method thereof |
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