CN111466500A - Low-fish-meal turbot feed and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Low-fish-meal turbot feed and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a low-fish meal turbot feed and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of aquaculture feed processing and comprising 30-40% of fish meal, 15-30% of soybean protein concentrate, 1-3% of composite enzymatic hydrolysis fish pulp, 2-6% of peanut meal, 4-12% of soybean meal, 1-3% of corn protein powder, 5-7% of fish oil, 4-12% of α -starch, 0.5-1% of vitamin C, 0.3-1% of taurine, 1-2% of composite vitamin, 1-2% of minerals, 0.2-0.5% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.2-0.5% of choline chloride, 0.2-0.5% of betaine, 0.1-0.4% of coated methionine, 0.1-0.6% of coated lysine and 0-8% of microcrystalline cellulose.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a turbot aquaculture feed and a preparation method thereof, in particular to a turbot feed produced by replacing fish meal with scientific compound animal and plant protein and supplementing a functional feed additive and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of aquaculture feed processing.
Background
China is a big aquaculture country, the total aquaculture yield accounts for about 70% of the total global aquaculture yield, and the total aquatic feed yield accounts for about 60% of the total world aquatic feed yield. Fish meal is used as a main protein source in aquatic feed formulas, and particularly plays a significant role in marine fish. In recent years, with the shortage of global fishery resources, the total amount of products such as global fish meal and the like is basically maintained at about 450-500 ten thousand tons, so that the rapid development of aquaculture industry can not be met, and the contradiction between production and demand is prominent.
The turbot is an important economic breeding variety of the marine fishes, has the characteristics of abundant and white muscles, abundant collagen content and the like, is rich in nutrient substances necessary for human bodies, such as essential amino acid, highly unsaturated fatty acid and the like, is popular among consumers, has large market potential, and has high economic benefit and social benefit, so that the artificial breeding market of the turbot develops rapidly. However, the fish meal content in the existing turbot compound feed is obviously higher, the fish meal content in commercial materials is up to more than 50%, so that the price of the fish meal accounts for more than half of the feed cost, the development of the turbot feed industry is seriously restricted, and in addition, the excessive use of the fish meal in the feed also can cause N, P discharge in a large amount in the aquaculture water environment, thereby causing water environment pollution. The high-protein feed in the market cannot meet the transformation and upgrading of the aquaculture industry, cannot promote the new and old energy transformation and development of the ocean, and does not have a general popularization value any more, so that the problem that how to seek other suitable protein sources and new formula technologies to reduce the using amount of fish meal in the feed becomes a hot spot problem of healthy culture of an offshore granary.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects of overhigh feed cost and increased N, P discharge amount of aquaculture water environment caused by the relatively high fish meal content in the existing turbot compound feed, and provides a formula and a manufacturing method for producing high-quality turbot feed by carrying out enzymolysis on fish meal leftovers, namely fish soluble pulp, and Chinese herbal medicines and then compounding plant protein to partially replace increasingly deficient fish meal.
The fish soluble paste is a by-product in the production process of fish meal, has large annual output, contains more oligopeptides, free amino acids and taurine, keeps the specific unknown growth factors of the fish meal, and has the functions of improving the growth of organisms and the like. The enzymolysis fish soluble paste takes fish soluble paste as a raw material, adopts an enzymolysis processing technology, adds some alkaline protease and flavourzyme, and carries out enzymolysis for 3-5 hours at the temperature of 50-55 ℃ to obtain an enzymolysis fish soluble paste product.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the low-fish-meal turbot feed comprises, by weight, 30-40% of fish meal, 15-30% of soybean protein concentrate, 1-3% of composite enzymatic hydrolysis fish pulp, 2-6% of peanut meal, 4-12% of soybean meal, 1-3% of corn protein powder, 5-7% of fish oil, 3-12% of α -starch, 0.5-1% of vitamin C, 0.3-1% of taurine, 1-2% of special compound vitamins for aquatic products, 1-2% of special minerals for aquatic products, 0.2-0.5% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.2-0.5% of choline chloride, 0.2-0.5% of betaine, 0.1-0.4% of coated methionine, 0.1-0.6% of coated lysine and 0-8% of microcrystalline cellulose.
The preparation method of the composite enzymatic hydrolysis fish soluble paste comprises the following steps:
1) preparing fish soluble paste-Chinese herbal medicine mixed liquid:
decocting 5 parts of Chinese herbal medicine charred hawthorn, 5 parts of fried rice sprout, 5 parts of Chinese yam and 6 parts of dandelion with 105 parts of water to prepare a traditional Chinese medicine liquid, and filtering the traditional Chinese medicine liquid through a 120-160-mesh screen for later use;
mixing the fish soluble paste and the traditional Chinese medicine liquid according to the weight ratio of 1: 2-1: 1;
the water content of the used fish soluble paste is 45-55%;
2) preparing a complex enzyme reaction solution:
taking the weight of fish dissolving pulp-Chinese herbal medicine mixed liquor as a reference substrate, taking 0.08-0.12% of lipase, 0.06-0.12% of trypsin, 0.06-0.3% of flavor enzyme and 0.1-0.5% of non-starch polysaccharidase according to the weight percentage, adding water, stirring to fully dissolve the lipase, putting the mixture into a container with stirring function and temperature control function, and heating to 45-55 ℃;
3) performing composite enzymolysis on fish soluble paste:
adding the fish soluble slurry-Chinese herbal medicine mixed solution into the prepared compound enzyme reaction solution, carrying out enzymolysis reaction in an enzymolysis reaction container, setting the stirring speed to be 30-60 r/min, setting the enzymolysis time to be 4-6 hours, and preparing the compound enzymolysis fish soluble slurry after 4-6 hours.
The lipase and the trypsin are commercially available products, and the activity is required to be more than or equal to 50000U/g.
The non-starch polysaccharide enzyme is a special product for commercial aquatic products, and is required to contain xylanase more than or equal to 8000U/g, β -glucanase more than or equal to 2000U/g, β -mannase more than or equal to 150U/g and cellulase more than or equal to 300U/g.
The flavor enzyme is a commercial product, and the activity is required to be more than or equal to 30000U/g.
The fructus crataegi preparata, fructus oryzae Preparata, rhizoma Dioscoreae, and herba Taraxaci are common Chinese herbal medicine products, and have effects of invigorating spleen, benefiting stomach, promoting digestion, protecting liver and gallbladder, and treating inflammation. The Chinese herbal medicines are decocted and then subjected to enzymolysis, so that the effective ingredients of the Chinese herbal medicines can be released quickly, impurities affecting liquid preparations such as starch, protein, pectin and the like can be decomposed and removed, and certain fat-soluble ingredients with low polarity are promoted to be converted into water-soluble glycosides, thereby being beneficial to extraction.
The preparation method of the low-fish meal turbot feed comprises the following steps:
1) preparing materials: weighing the raw materials according to the weight percentage of each component.
2) Crushing, namely mixing the fish meal, the bean pulp, the peanut meal, the soybean protein concentrate and the corn protein powder weighed in the step 1) for the first time, mixing, then carrying out coarse powder, enabling the coarse powder to pass through a ø 2.0.0 mm screen, and then carrying out secondary crushing by using an ultrafine crusher until the crushing fineness is more than 80 meshes and the oversize of a standard screen is less than 7%.
3) And (3) secondary mixing: adding the compound vitamin, compound mineral, vitamin C, taurine, monocalcium phosphate, choline chloride, betaine, coated methionine, coated lysine and microcrystalline cellulose weighed in the step 1) into the materials subjected to secondary crushing, adding the prepared compound enzymolysis fish soluble paste and fish oil according to the proportion, and carrying out secondary mixing and stirring for 90-120 seconds.
4) Preparing and granulating: heating and curing the secondarily mixed material through a modulator, controlling the feeding speed to be 65-75 Hz, controlling the temperature of the modulator to be 93-96 ℃, the temperature of a main machine cylinder to be 93-96 ℃, and the frequency of the main machine to be 40-50%, and selecting a proper template for granulation according to the particle size.
5) Drying: the drying temperature is controlled to be 60-70 ℃, and the moisture of the dried material is not more than 12%.
6) Cooling and packaging: cooling the material to a temperature not higher than 8 ℃ of the room temperature, and packaging the finished product.
The nutrient contents in fish meal, fish soluble pulp and enzymolysis fish soluble pulp are shown in tables 1 and 2
The fish soluble paste and the enzymolysis fish soluble paste have higher protein content, and compared with fish meal, the fish soluble paste and the enzymolysis fish soluble paste have lower fat and rich peptide content. After the enzymolysis of the fish soluble pulp, the amino acid content of each component is more compared with that of the fish soluble pulp, and the fish soluble pulp can supplement amino acid in other plant protein raw materials, so that the requirement of the growth of turbot on protein amino acid is met.
In view of the high nutritive value of the enzymolysis fish soluble paste, the method has great significance in adding the enzymolysis fish soluble paste into the turbot low-fish-meal feed. Meanwhile, by comparing the nutrient contents of the enzymolysis fish soluble paste and the fish meal, the amino acid composition of a plurality of main amino acids of the enzymolysis fish soluble paste is obviously close to that of the fish meal, and the important protein source of the fish meal can be replaced by the turbot by reasonably matching with other vegetable protein sources.
Research shows that although the problem of unbalanced amino acid can be solved by reasonably matching the animal and plant protein sources, the application of the plant protein sources in the feed for the marine fishes can cause pathological changes of intestinal tissues of the marine carnivorous fishes, block the absorption of nutrient substances and finally cause the reduction of the growth performance of the fishes. In recent years, researches show that the Chinese herbal medicine serving as a green feed additive contains rich bioactive substances and nutrient components, wherein the scorched hawthorn fruit, the parched rice sprout and the Chinese yam have the functions of tonifying spleen and stomach, aiding digestion and the like, and the dandelion can protect liver and gallbladder and treat inflammation. The Chinese herbal medicine is decocted and then is subjected to enzymolysis, so that the effective ingredients of the Chinese herbal medicine can be released quickly, impurities affecting liquid preparations, such as starch, protein, pectin and the like, can be decomposed and removed, and certain fat-soluble ingredients with low polarity are promoted to be converted into water-soluble glycosides, thereby being beneficial to extraction. Therefore, the Chinese herbal medicine enzymolysis product is applied to the aquatic feed, the digestion function of aquatic animals can be improved, the digestion and absorption of nutrient substances can be promoted, the intestinal health can be improved, the nonspecific immunity function of the aquatic animals can be improved, and the problems of overproof medicine residue, medicine resistance and the like caused by chemical medicines and antibiotics can be avoided.
The invention uses a simple and high-efficiency raw material treatment process, combines the fish meal leftovers fish soluble pulp and the Chinese herbal medicines for enzymolysis treatment by using the compound protease, and then properly matches the compound enzymolysis fish soluble pulp product with the terrestrial animal and vegetable protein, thereby strengthening the overall nutritional value of the feed, retaining the specific food calling factors in the fish soluble pulp, improving the digestive function of aquatic animals, promoting the digestive absorption of nutrient substances, improving the intestinal health, improving the nonspecific immunity function of the aquatic animals, avoiding a series of problems of overproof drug residues and drug resistance caused by chemical drugs and antibiotics and the like, and enhancing the immunity of fish bodies. The compound feed prepared by the method has 45-50% of crude protein, 6-10% of crude fat, 18-20 KJ/g of energy, 2.5% of lysine and 1.0% of methionine.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following characteristics:
① the formulation comprises enzymolysis fish soluble paste and Chinese medicinal herbs, which are mixed with terrestrial plant protein to reduce the ratio of fish meal, and the polypeptide enters into fish body to improve the utilization rate of protein, reduce phosphorus emission to the maximum extent, and reduce water pollution.
② vitamin C, taurine, methionine and lysine are supplemented to make up some limiting factors in low fish meal formula, and the fish protein utilization rate is improved.
③ the invention avoids the freeze drying treatment of the enzymolysis reaction liquid, and directly mixes the enzymolysis reaction liquid by scientifically calculating the proportion of the enzymolysis reaction liquid, and carries out compound enzymolysis on the fish soluble pulp and the Chinese herbal medicines, thereby greatly reducing the feed cost.
The fish feed is suitable for fish bodies with the monomer weight of more than 10 g, and compared with feed prepared by the traditional formula, the fish feed reduces the using amount of fish meal, reasonably utilizes fish meal leftovers, reduces water pollution, has higher utilization rate of fish feed, and has faster growth and stronger disease resistance.
Detailed Description
The following provides a specific embodiment of the present invention for further explaining the constitution of the present invention.
Example 1:
the low fish meal turbot feed is prepared from the following raw materials, by weight, 30% of fish meal, 25% of soybean protein concentrate, 3% of composite enzymatic fish pulp, 5% of peanut meal, 6% of soybean meal, 3% of corn protein powder, 7% of fish oil, α -starch 10%, 1% of vitamin C, 1% of taurine, 1% of special compound vitamin for aquatic products, 1% of special mineral substances for aquatic products, 0.5% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.5% of choline chloride, 0.5% of betaine, 0.35% of coated lysine, 0.25% of coated methionine and 4.9% of microcrystalline cellulose.
The preparation method of the composite enzymolysis fish soluble paste comprises the following steps:
1) preparing fish soluble paste-Chinese herbal medicine mixed liquid:
decocting 5 parts of Chinese herbal medicine charred hawthorn, 5 parts of fried rice sprout, 5 parts of Chinese yam and 6 parts of dandelion with 105 parts of water to prepare a traditional Chinese medicine liquid, and filtering the traditional Chinese medicine liquid through a 160-mesh screen for later use;
mixing fish soluble pulp with water content of 50% with the Chinese medicinal liquid at a weight ratio of 1: 1;
2) preparing a complex enzyme reaction solution:
according to the weight percentage of the fish dissolving pulp-Chinese herbal medicine mixed liquor, taking 0.05%, 0.2% and 0.2% of lipase (with activity of 50000U/g) sold on the market, trypsin (with activity of 50000U/g sold on the market), flavor enzyme (with activity of 30000U/g sold on the market and special for aquatic products) and non-starch polysaccharidase (with activity of 8000U/g, β -glucanase 2000U/g, β -mannase 150U/g and cellulase 300U/g sold on the market), mixing the components according to the proportion (the usage amount of the composite enzymolysis fish dissolving pulp is estimated according to the usage amount), adding water, stirring the mixture to fully dissolve the components, putting the mixture into a container with stirring function and temperature control function, and heating the mixture to 50 ℃;
3) performing composite enzymolysis on fish soluble paste:
adding the fish soluble paste-Chinese herbal medicine mixed solution into the prepared compound enzyme reaction solution, carrying out enzymolysis reaction in an enzymolysis reaction container, setting the stirring speed to be 30r/min, and carrying out enzymolysis for 6 hours to prepare the compound enzymolysis fish soluble paste after 6 hours.
The processing method of the low fish meal compound feed for turbots in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
1) preparing materials: weighing various raw materials according to the weight ratio of the components;
2) crushing, namely mixing the fish meal, the bean pulp, the peanut meal, the soybean protein concentrate and the corn protein powder weighed in the step 1) for the first time, mixing, then carrying out coarse powder, enabling the coarse powder to pass through a ø 2.0.0 mm screen, and then carrying out secondary crushing by using an ultrafine crusher until the crushing fineness is more than 80 meshes and the oversize of a standard screen is less than 7%.
3) And (3) secondary mixing: adding the compound vitamin, compound mineral, vitamin C, taurine, monocalcium phosphate, choline chloride, betaine, coated methionine, coated lysine and microcrystalline cellulose weighed in the step 1) into the materials after secondary crushing, adding the prepared compound enzymolysis fish soluble paste product and fish oil according to the proportion, and carrying out secondary mixing and stirring for 100 seconds.
4) Preparing and granulating: heating and curing the secondarily mixed materials through a modulator, controlling the feeding speed to be 65Hz, controlling the temperature of the modulator to be 95 ℃, the temperature of a main machine cylinder to be 95 ℃ and the frequency of the main machine to be 40%, and selecting a proper template for granulation according to the particle size.
5) Drying: the drying temperature is controlled at 60 ℃, and the moisture of the dried material is not more than 12%.
6) Cooling and packaging: cooling the material to a temperature not higher than 8 ℃ of the room temperature, and packaging the finished product.
Example 2
The low-fish-meal compound feed for the turbot is prepared from the following raw materials, by weight, 35% of fish meal, 21% of soybean protein concentrate, 2% of composite enzymatic hydrolysate, 3% of peanut meal, 10% of soybean meal, 3% of corn protein powder, 6.5% of fish oil, α -starch 8%, 0.6% of vitamin C, 0.6% of taurine, 2% of special composite vitamin for aquatic products, 1% of special mineral substances for aquatic products, 0.4% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.4% of choline chloride, 0.5% of betaine, 0.17% of coated lysine, 0.18% of coated methionine and 5.65% of microcrystalline cellulose.
The preparation method of the composite enzymatic hydrolysis fish soluble paste comprises the following steps:
1) preparing fish soluble paste-Chinese herbal medicine mixed liquid:
decocting Chinese herbal medicines including 5 parts of parched fructus crataegi, 5 parts of parched fructus oryzae, 5 parts of rhizoma Dioscoreae and 6 parts of herba Taraxaci in 105 parts of water to obtain a Chinese medicinal liquid, and sieving with a 140-mesh sieve to obtain a filtrate;
mixing fish soluble pulp with water content of 55% with the Chinese medicinal liquid at a weight ratio of 1: 2;
2) preparing a complex enzyme reaction solution:
according to the weight percentage of the fish dissolving pulp-Chinese herbal medicine mixed liquor, taking 0.12%, 0.2% and 0.4% of lipase (with activity of 80000U/g) trypsin (with activity of 80000U/g) special for commercial aquatic products, β -glucanase 4000U/g, β -mannase 200U/g and cellulase 500U/g) and non-starch polysaccharase (special for commercial aquatic products, containing xylanase 10000U/g, β -glucanase 4000U/g, β -mannase 200U/g and cellulase 500U/g) respectively, mixing the components according to the proportion (the usage amount of the composite enzymolysis fish dissolving pulp is estimated according to the usage amount), adding water, stirring the components to fully dissolve the components, putting the components into a container with stirring function and temperature control function, and heating the components to 55 ℃;
3) performing composite enzymolysis on fish soluble paste:
adding the fish soluble paste-Chinese herbal medicine mixed solution into the prepared compound enzyme reaction solution, carrying out enzymolysis reaction in an enzymolysis reaction container, setting the stirring speed to be 30r/min, setting the enzymolysis time to be 5 hours, and preparing the compound enzymolysis fish soluble paste after 5 hours.
The processing method of the low fish meal compound feed for turbots in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
1) preparing materials: weighing various raw materials according to the weight ratio of the components;
2) mixing the fish meal, the bean pulp, the peanut meal, the soybean protein concentrate and the corn protein powder weighed in the step 1) for the first time, mixing, then carrying out coarse powder, enabling the coarse powder to pass through a ø 2.0.0 mm screen, then carrying out secondary crushing by adopting an ultrafine crusher, enabling the crushing fineness to be more than 80 meshes, and enabling the oversize of a standard sieve to be less than 7%.
3) And (3) secondary mixing: adding the compound vitamin, compound mineral, vitamin C, taurine, monocalcium phosphate, choline chloride, betaine, coated methionine, coated lysine and microcrystalline cellulose weighed in the step 1) into the materials subjected to secondary crushing, adding the prepared compound enzymolysis fish soluble paste and fish oil according to the proportion, and carrying out secondary mixing and stirring for 120 seconds.
4) Preparing and granulating: heating and curing the secondarily mixed materials through a modulator, controlling the feeding speed to be 70Hz, controlling the temperature of the modulator to be 96 ℃, the temperature of a main machine cylinder to be 96 ℃, controlling the frequency of the main machine to be 45%, and selecting a proper template for granulation according to the particle size.
5) Drying: the drying temperature is controlled at 65 ℃, and the moisture of the dried material is not more than 12%.
6) Cooling and packaging: cooling the material to a temperature not higher than 8 ℃ of the room temperature, and packaging the finished product.
Example 3
The low fish meal compound feed for the turbot is prepared from the following raw materials, by weight, 40% of fish meal, 18% of soybean protein concentrate, 1% of composite enzymatic hydrolysate, 2% of peanut meal, 12% of soybean meal, 2% of corn protein powder, 6.5% of fish oil, 6% of α -starch, 0.8% of vitamin C, 0.8% of taurine, 1% of special composite vitamin for aquatic products, 1% of special mineral substances for aquatic products, 0.3% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.3% of betaine, 0.3% of choline chloride, 0.56% of coated lysine, 0.12% of coated methionine and 7.32% of microcrystalline cellulose.
The preparation method of the composite enzymatic hydrolysis fish soluble paste comprises the following steps:
1) preparing fish soluble paste-Chinese herbal medicine mixed liquid:
decocting 5 parts of Chinese herbal medicine charred hawthorn, 5 parts of fried rice sprout, 5 parts of Chinese yam and 6 parts of dandelion with 105 parts of water to prepare a traditional Chinese medicine liquid, and filtering the traditional Chinese medicine liquid through a 150-mesh screen for later use;
mixing fish soluble pulp with water content of 45% with the Chinese medicinal liquid at a weight ratio of 1: 1;
2) preparing a complex enzyme reaction solution:
according to the weight percentage of the fish dissolving pulp-Chinese herbal medicine mixed liquor, lipase, trypsin, flavor enzyme and non-starch polysaccharidase are respectively prepared according to the weight ratio of 0.05%, 0.2% and 0.2%, water is added for stirring to fully dissolve the lipase, the trypsin, the flavor enzyme and the non-starch polysaccharidase, the lipase, the trypsin and the non-starch polysaccharidase are placed into a container with stirring function and temperature control function, the temperature is raised to 50 ℃, wherein the lipase is 60000U/g, the trypsin is 60000U/g, the flavor enzyme is 30000U/g, the non-starch polysaccharidase comprises 10000U/g, β -glucanase 2000U/g, β -mannanase 200U/g and cellulase 300U/g.
3) Performing composite enzymolysis on fish soluble paste:
adding the fish soluble paste-Chinese herbal medicine mixed solution into the prepared compound enzyme reaction solution, carrying out enzymolysis reaction in an enzymolysis reaction container, setting the stirring speed to be 40r/min, setting the enzymolysis time to be 6 hours, and preparing the compound enzymolysis fish soluble paste after 6 hours.
The processing method of the low fish meal compound feed for turbots in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
1) preparing materials: weighing various raw materials according to the weight ratio of the components;
2) mixing the fish meal, the bean pulp, the peanut meal, the soybean protein concentrate and the corn protein powder weighed in the step 1) for the first time, mixing, then carrying out coarse powder, enabling the coarse powder to pass through a ø 2.0.0 mm screen, then carrying out secondary crushing by adopting an ultrafine crusher, enabling the crushing fineness to be more than 80 meshes, and enabling the oversize of a standard sieve to be less than 7%.
3) And (3) secondary mixing: adding the compound vitamin, compound mineral, vitamin C, taurine, monocalcium phosphate, choline chloride, betaine, coated methionine, coated lysine and microcrystalline cellulose weighed in the step 1) into the materials subjected to secondary crushing, adding the prepared compound enzymolysis fish soluble paste and fish oil according to the proportion, and carrying out secondary mixing and stirring for 110 seconds.
4) Preparing and granulating: heating and curing the secondarily mixed materials through a modulator, controlling the feeding speed to be 65Hz, controlling the temperature of the modulator to be 95 ℃, the temperature of a main machine cylinder to be 95 ℃ and the frequency of the main machine to be 40%, and selecting a proper template for granulation according to the particle size.
5) Drying: the drying temperature is controlled at 65 ℃, and the moisture of the dried material is not more than 12%.
6) Cooling and packaging: cooling the material to a temperature not higher than 8 ℃ of the room temperature, and packaging the finished product.
In order to show the practical effect of the invention, the specific example of adopting the low-fish meal turbot compound feed to culture turbots is provided:
test site: shandong province ocean resource and environment research institute recirculating aquaculture room
Test time: 7/2019/1/22/2019/3
Grouping and managing the test fishes, namely dividing the initial body mass (37.67 +/-0.00) g of the juvenile turbot into 2 groups after temporary culture for 2 weeks, feeding 3 fishes in each group, repeating 30 fishes in each group, respectively feeding purchased commodity materials and the feed produced by the invention in a whole process for two groups, feeding the commercial materials and the feed for 2 times (8: 30 and 16: 30) every day for 3 and 22 days in 2019, wherein the feeding amount is 1.2-1.5 percent of the fish body mass, during the whole test period, carrying out micro-water-flow circulating water culture for 24 hours, continuously oxygenating water, the water temperature is 15-17 ℃, the pH value is 7.8-8.0, the salinity is 27-28, the dissolved oxygen is more than 6 mg/L, the ammonia nitrogen is less than 0.01 mg/L, and the nitrite is less than 0.01 mg/L.
Taking a water sample: after feeding, the circulating water is sealed, and a sample is taken about 25cm below the water surface after 4 hours.
Challenge experiment, 10 fish are repeatedly taken for challenge experiment, and each fish is injected with 1 × 107CFU/g vibrio anguillarumThen stocking the seeds in an indoor culture tank to ensure sufficient oxygen supply, and counting the accumulated death rate for 48 hours.
The growth performance is shown in the following table:
through comparison tests, the survival rate of the two groups has no obvious difference, the weight gain rate of a test group fed with the feed is increased by 18.58 percent compared with a control group fed with commercial materials, and the feed coefficient is reduced by 5.68 percent.
The total nitrogen content in the aquaculture water used by the test group and the control group is respectively 0.0133 mg/L and 0.0214 mg/L, the total nitrogen content of the test group is reduced by 60.90 percent compared with the control group, the ammonia nitrogen content is respectively 0.0035 mg/L and 0.0056 mg/L, and the ammonia nitrogen content of the test group is reduced by 62.92 percent compared with the control group.
After the juvenile fishes of the test group and the control group are respectively detoxified for 48 hours, the cumulative mortality of the juvenile fishes of the control group is 76.67 percent, and the cumulative mortality of the juvenile fishes of the test material group is 60 percent. The test group feed reduced the cumulative mortality of juvenile fish by 21.74% compared to the control group.
The experimental data results show that the utilization rate of the protein in the experimental group feed by the experimental fish is higher, the N discharged into water is less, the environmental pollution is reduced, the fish eating the experimental group feed obtains better growth performance, and the cumulative mortality of juvenile fish is reduced.
The above-listed embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-listed embodiments, and all technical solutions that can be realized according to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The low-fish-meal turbot feed is characterized by comprising, by weight, 30-40% of fish meal, 15-30% of soybean protein concentrate, 1-3% of composite enzymatic hydrolysis fish pulp, 2-6% of peanut meal, 4-12% of soybean meal, 1-3% of corn protein powder, 5-7% of fish oil, 4-12% of α -starch, 0.5-1% of vitamin C, 0.3-1% of taurine, 1-2% of aquatic product special compound vitamin, 1-2% of aquatic product special mineral matter, 0.2-0.5% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.2-0.5% of choline chloride, 0.2-0.5% of betaine, 0.1-0.4% of coated methionine, 0.1-0.6% of coated lysine and 0-8% of microcrystalline cellulose.
2. The turbot feed with low fish meal content as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the composite enzymatic hydrolysis fish soluble slurry comprises the following steps:
1) preparing fish soluble paste-Chinese herbal medicine mixed liquid:
decocting 5 parts of Chinese herbal medicine charred hawthorn, 5 parts of fried rice sprout, 5 parts of Chinese yam and 6 parts of dandelion with 105 parts of water to prepare a traditional Chinese medicine liquid, and filtering the traditional Chinese medicine liquid through a 120-160-mesh screen for later use;
mixing the fish soluble paste and the traditional Chinese medicine liquid according to the weight ratio of 1: 2-1: 1;
the water content of the used fish soluble paste is 45-55%;
2) preparing a complex enzyme reaction solution:
taking the weight of fish dissolving pulp-Chinese herbal medicine mixed liquor as a reference substrate, taking 0.08-0.12% of lipase, 0.06-0.12% of trypsin, 0.06-0.3% of flavor enzyme and 0.1-0.5% of non-starch polysaccharidase according to the weight percentage, adding water, stirring to fully dissolve the lipase, putting the mixture into a container with stirring function and temperature control function, and heating to 45-55 ℃;
3) performing composite enzymolysis on fish soluble paste:
adding the fish soluble slurry-Chinese herbal medicine mixed solution into the prepared compound enzyme reaction solution, carrying out enzymolysis reaction in an enzymolysis reaction container, setting the stirring speed to be 30-60 r/min, setting the enzymolysis time to be 4-6 hours, and preparing the compound enzymolysis fish soluble slurry after 4-6 hours.
3. The turbot feed with low fish meal content according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials, by weight, 30% of fish meal, 25% of soybean protein concentrate, 3% of composite enzymatic hydrolysate, 5% of peanut meal, 6% of soybean meal, 3% of corn protein powder, 7% of fish oil, α -starch 10%, 1% of vitamin C, 1% of taurine, 1% of aquatic product special compound vitamin, 1% of aquatic product special mineral, 0.5% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.5% of choline chloride, 0.5% of betaine, 0.35% of coated lysine, 0.25% of coated methionine and 4.9% of microcrystalline cellulose.
4. The turbot feed with low fish meal content according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the preparation method of the feed comprises the following steps:
1) preparing materials: weighing various raw materials according to the weight percentage of each component;
2) crushing, namely mixing the fish meal, the bean pulp, the peanut meal, the soybean protein concentrate and the corn protein powder weighed in the step 1) for the first time, mixing, then performing coarse powder, wherein the fineness of the coarse powder passes through a ø 2.0.0 mm screen, and then performing secondary crushing by using an ultrafine crusher until the crushing fineness is over 80 meshes, wherein the oversize of a standard screen is less than 7%;
3) and (3) secondary mixing: adding the compound vitamin, compound mineral, vitamin C, taurine, monocalcium phosphate, choline chloride, betaine, coated methionine, coated lysine and microcrystalline cellulose weighed in the step 1) into the materials subjected to secondary crushing, adding the prepared compound enzymolysis fish soluble paste product and fish oil according to the proportion, and carrying out secondary mixing and stirring for 90-120 seconds;
4) preparing and granulating: heating and curing the secondarily mixed material through a modulator, controlling the feeding speed to be 65-75 Hz, controlling the temperature of the modulator to be 93-96 ℃, the temperature of a main machine cylinder to be 93-96 ℃, and the frequency of the main machine to be 40-50%, and selecting a proper template for granulation according to the particle size;
5) drying: the drying temperature is controlled to be 60-70 ℃, and the moisture of the dried material is not more than 12%;
6) cooling and packaging: cooling the material to a temperature not higher than 8 ℃ of the room temperature, and packaging the finished product.
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