CN114250152B - 一种六妹羊肚菌黔ms630及其应用 - Google Patents
一种六妹羊肚菌黔ms630及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于食用菌领域,具体公开了一种六妹羊肚菌(Morchellasextelata)菌株黔MS630,其保藏编号为CCTCC NO:M20211231。本发明还公开了该菌株在食品、保健品或饮料中的用途。本发明菌株黔MS630子囊果浅褐色,菇形好,子实体质地紧密、口感细嫩,商品价值高;其次,该菌株产量高,亩产量可达393kg,经济效益高;此外,该菌株栽培周期比现有主栽品种缩短10~15天,其栽培周期短。本发明还公开了黔MS630的分子标记,其对黔MS630特异性强,检测结果准确、可靠,适于在其真实性或侵权鉴定中进行现场和实时检测。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于食用菌领域,具体涉及一种六妹羊肚菌菌株,还涉及该六妹羊肚菌菌株的用途。
背景技术
羊肚菌(Morchella)属于羊肚菌科羊肚菌属,因其菌盖酷似羊肚而得名,是一种珍贵的药食兼用菌。羊肚菌多生长在阔叶林或针阔混交林的腐殖质层上,在世界各地均有分布;我国28个省、市、自治区也均有羊肚菌分布。羊肚菌不仅其味道鲜美,口味独特,而且其营养价值丰富,蛋白质含量高,富含人体必需氨基酸和维生素、微量元素与碳水化合物,脂肪酸种类也十分丰富。羊肚菌子实体还可以入药,据《中华本草》记载,羊肚菌性平,味甘寒,无毒;有益肠胃、助消化、化痰理气、补肾、补脑提神等功效;羊肚菌含抑制肿瘤的多糖,抗菌、抗病毒等活性成分,具有增强机体免疫力、抗疲劳、抗病毒、抑制肿瘤等作用,在欧美等国家一直作为人体营养的高级补品。
六妹羊肚菌(Morchella sextelata)属于羊肚菌科羊肚菌属的一个种,是我国主要的羊肚菌栽培种类。目前六妹羊肚菌栽培中存在的主要问题是:(1)栽培品种少;(2)栽培周期长,栽培周期一般在120天左右;(3)农法季节性栽培受环境影响大,较长的季节性栽培周期意味着面临更多的气候风险,造成生产的不稳定。而培育抗逆性强、性状稳定、出菇快、产量高的六妹羊肚菌是解决上述问题的有效途径。
我国从南到北的广大原始森林中具有丰富的野生食用菌资源,其中包括野生羊肚菌资源。对野生的羊肚菌资源进行开发驯化,不仅可以丰富人们的餐桌,满足人们高水平生活的需要;同时利用其药食兼用的特性,可以开发出附加值更高的食品、饮料和保健品,在提高人们养生和健康水平的同时,增加菇农收入和出口创汇。
发明内容
本发明目的在于提供一种六妹羊肚菌菌株。
本发明另一目的在于提供上述六妹羊肚菌菌株的用途。
本发明的目的通过如下技术方案实现:
本发明一种六妹羊肚菌(Morchella sextelata)菌株黔MS630,保藏于中国典型培养物保藏中心,地址中国武汉武汉大学,保藏编号为CCTCC NO:M20211231,保藏日期为2021年9月28日。
本发明还提供上述菌株黔MS630在食品或保健品中的应用。
本发明还提供一种食品或保健品,所述的食品或保健品中含有上述菌株黔MS630或黔MS630的提取物。
本发明还提供上述菌株黔MS630在饮料中的应用。
本发明还提供一种饮料,所述的饮料中含有上述菌株黔MS630或黔MS630的提取物。
本发明还提供上述菌株黔MS630在制备提高人体免疫力药物上的应用。
本发明还提供一种基因工程六妹羊肚菌,所述的基因工程六妹羊肚菌的出发菌株为上述菌株黔MS630。
用于鉴定上述菌株黔MS630的分子标记,所述的分子标记是指一个长度为712bp的DNA分子片段;所述的DNA分子片段的核苷酸序列如SEQ ID No:1所示。
上述分子标记,所述的分子标记的PCR扩增引物由ITS1和ITS4组成;所述的引物序列如下:
ITS1:5'-TCCGTAGGTGAACCTGCGG-3';
ITS4:5'-TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC-3'。
上述分子标记在菌株黔MS630真实性或侵权鉴定中的应用。
上述六妹羊肚菌菌株黔MS630的栽培方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)母种培养:用灭菌冷却后的接种钩将5mm×5mm的黔MS630菌种块接种于母种培养基平板中央,然后在温度为22℃、空气相对湿度为60~75%、避光条件下培养8天,菌丝长满平板,得黔MS630母种;
(2)原种培养:用灭菌冷却后的菌种铲按照1:30的质量比挖取步骤(1)中所得的黔MS630母种,然后接种于原种培养基上,在温度为20℃、空气相对湿度为60~75%、避光条件下培养25~30天,菌丝长满菌瓶,得黔MS630原种;
(3)栽培种培养:用灭菌冷却后的菌种铲按照1:30的质量比挖取步骤(2)中所得黔MS630原种,然后接种于栽培种培养基上,在温度为20℃、空气相对湿度为60~75%、避光条件下培养25~30天,菌丝长满菌瓶,得黔MS630栽培种;
(4)开畦播种与覆膜:选择pH6~6.5、土质较细的温室大棚内耕地,清除杂草后翻耕土壤,播种前开畦,畦面宽80~100cm,畦之间留50cm的走道,土壤含水量为40~45%;将步骤(3)所得的黔MS630栽培种按照每袋兑入拌种剂30mL搅拌均匀,将菌种掰碎成小颗粒后均匀撒播到畦面,每亩播种黔MS630栽培种500袋,播种后立刻均匀覆盖一层薄土,覆土后盖上黑色聚丙烯膜;
(5)菌丝培养与摆放营养袋:羊肚菌播种后,棚内气温控制在15~20℃、空气相对湿度60~70%、土壤含水量40~45%、光照强度50~100lux条件下8~10天,菌丝长满畦面形成白色“菌霜”,掀开黑色聚丙烯膜;放置营养袋,每个营养袋打40~60个小孔,打孔面紧贴畦面土壤,每亩地均匀摆放营养袋1800个,营养袋摆放完成后重新覆上黑色聚丙烯膜;营养袋在大田摆放40~45天,然后撤除营养袋,并撤除黑色聚丙烯膜;
(6)原基分化:喷洒水使土壤含水量达到45~55%;在子实体生长阶段,控制棚内温度10~20℃、空气相对湿度75~85%、光照强度200~300lux,棚内自然通风,诱导原基形成,喷水后7天形成大量原基,形成原基后7~10天形成1~2cm的幼菇;
(7)出菇管理和采收:控制棚内气温在10~20℃、空气相对湿度70~80%、土壤含水量40~45%、光照强度500~1000lux、二氧化碳浓度500-700ppm,利用喷雾、侧窗通风措施降低高温;从原基发生到子实体成熟为25~30天;当子实体不再增大,菌盖脊与凹坑分明,子囊果部分已基本展开,即为成熟,采收即可。
上述栽培方法步骤(1)中所述的母种培养基的组成成分及其比例为:去皮马铃薯200g取汁,葡萄糖20g,琼脂20g,磷酸二氢钾1g,硫酸镁0.5g,混匀后用纯净水定容至1000mL。
所述的母种培养基的制备方法:将马铃薯200g去皮切成1.5cm左右方块,放入800mL纯净水中煮沸20min,3层纱布过滤取浸提液,再加入葡萄糖20g,琼脂20g,磷酸二氢钾1g,硫酸镁0.5g,混匀后用纯净水定容至1000mL,121℃灭菌30min;倒入直径9cm平板,备用。
上述方法步骤(2)中所述的原种培养基或步骤(3)中所述的栽培种培养基的组成成分及其重量百分比为:小麦80%,腐殖土13%,稻壳5%,石膏1%,碳酸钙1%,培养基含水量为60~65%。
上述栽培方法步骤(2)中所述的原种培养基或步骤(3)中所述的栽培种培养基的制备方法:按重量百分比取小麦80%,腐殖土13%,稻壳5%,石膏1%,碳酸钙1%,混合均匀,然后按照比例加水,搅拌均匀,装入聚丙烯袋(规格16cm×35cm×0.005cm),用聚丙烯绳扎口,121℃灭菌2小时,备用。
上述栽培方法步骤(4)中所述的拌种剂的组成成分及其重量比为:硫酸镁1g,磷酸二氢钾0.5g,磷酸氢二钾0.2g,硫酸锌0.01g,硫酸亚铁0.01g,葡萄糖1g,水1000ml。
所述拌种剂的制备方法,按照比例将各组分加入水中,搅拌均匀即可。
上述栽培方法步骤(5)中所述的营养袋的组成成分及其重量百分比为:小麦90%,谷壳9%,生石灰1%,含水量60~65%。
所述的营养袋的制备方法:按照重量百分比将小麦90%,谷壳9%,生石灰1%,混合均匀,然后按照比例加水,搅拌均匀,得营养料;将营养料装入聚丙烯袋(规格12cm×24cm×0.005cm)中,用聚丙烯绳扎口,得营养袋;121℃灭菌1小时,再冷却至常温;备用。
本发明具有的优点和有益技术效果:(1)本发明菌株黔MS630的子囊果(子实体菌盖)深褐色,菇形好,商品价值高,为消费者提供了一种新的羊肚菌类型。(2)本发明菌株黔MS630产量高,其农业式栽培每亩平均产量为393kg,远高于现有的国家认定品种六妹羊肚菌“川羊肚菌6号”的185kg的亩产量;也远高于目前主栽的六妹羊肚菌品种G8和GYH的150~250kg的亩产量,菇农经济效益高。(3)本发明菌株黔MS630栽培周期短,其从播种到出菇采收的周期为100~110天,比目前主栽的六妹羊肚菌品种G8和GYH的栽培周期缩短10~15天。(4)因其具有药食兼用特性,除了直接烹制食用外,黔MS630还可以作为原料加工成附加值更高的食品、饮料或保健品等,应用前景十分广阔,可大大增加菇农的收入且可出口创汇。(5)本发明分子标记对菌株黔MS630特异性强,检测结果准确、可靠;检测方法简单、速度快,适于在黔MS630的真实性或侵权鉴定中进行现场和实时检测。
生物保藏:本发明六妹羊肚菌(Morchella sextelata)菌株黔MS630是本发明人在贵州省赫章县地区采集,并经筛选、培育而成;该菌株已于保藏于中国典型培养物保藏中心;保藏地址为:地址中国武汉武汉大学;保藏编号为CCTCC NO:M20211231,保藏日期为2021年9月28日。
附图说明:
图1.本发明菌株黔MS630的子实体照片。
图2.本发明菌株黔MS630的系统发育树图。
图3.采用RAPD引物S483扩增的不同六妹羊肚菌菌种的PAPD电泳图谱;其中M为DNA分子量标准;1为黔MS630;2为G8;3为GYH。
具体实施方式
以下通过实例对本发明作进一步说明,但是对本发明不构成任何限制。
实施例1本发明菌株黔MS630的采集、分离驯化过程:
2017年4月,本发明人在贵州省赫章县地区,发现并采集一株野生羊肚菌子实体。将野生羊肚菌的子实体组织分离得到菌丝(菌种),然后将组织分离后的菌种进行栽培出菇试验,再对朵型良好的子实体进行菌种分离,接种于PDA培养基上进行培养,筛选菌丝生长速度快,长势均匀的菌株,继续栽培驯化,经过数代培养,筛选出一个菌丝生长速度快、遗传性状稳定、出菇整齐、出菇周期短的羊肚菌菌株,命名为:黔MS630。
实施例2本发明菌株黔MS630的分类鉴定:
(1)黔MS630的形态学鉴定:
子囊果(子实体菌盖)深褐色,子实体高6~15cm,子囊果长4~11cm,粗2~4cm,圆锥形,下部边缘与菌柄链接,子囊果纵棱发达,纵棱11~18条,横棱较浅,棱上遍布短绒毛,横纵棱纹交叉形成坑,幼嫩时脊较扁平,成熟时变锐;菌柄长2~7cm,粗2~5cm,白色,圆柱形,中空;子囊呈柱状,每个子囊含八个孢子,单纵排列。根据《羊肚菌生物学与栽培技术》(刘伟、张亚等,吉林科学技术出版社,2017)中第64页有关六妹羊肚菌的相应形态特征特征描述及照片,黔MS630与六妹羊肚菌的形态特征一致,说明本发明羊肚菌菌株黔MS630在分类上属于羊肚菌属六妹羊肚菌种(Morchella sextelata)。
(2)黔MS630的分子生物学分类鉴定
采用新型植物基因组DNA提取试剂盒CW0531(北京康为世纪公司)提取黔MS630的基因组DNA,并以ITS1和ITS4为引物进行PCR扩增。所述的引物序列如下:
ITS1:5'-TCCGTAGGTGAACCTGCGG-3';
ITS4:5'-TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC-3'。
ITS-PCR反应体系为:总体积20μL:20-50ng/μL的DNA模板1μL,10×Buffer(withMg2+)2μL,2.5mM dNTP 0.5μL,5U/μl DNA聚合酶0.2μL,0.2μM引物各0.5μL,加双蒸水至20μL。ITS-PCR反应条件为:预变性94℃5min;94℃1min,60℃1min,72℃75s,30个循环;72℃延伸10min。将所得PCR扩增产物进行凝胶电泳。结果所得PCR扩增产物为大小为712bp的DNA分子片段。将该DNA分子片段送交上海生工进行测序,得到该DNA分子片段的核苷酸序列如SEQID No:1所示(ITS序列)。将该DNA分子片段的核苷酸序列在GeneBank上进行BLAST比对,结果发现本发明菌株黔MS630的ITS序列与六妹羊肚菌(Morchella sextelata)的ITS序列相似性最高,其相似度达99.86%;构建系统发育树图。结果(见图2)从系统发育树图可已看出,黔MS630属于六妹羊肚菌。上述结果说明本发明菌株黔MS630在分类上属于羊肚菌属六妹羊肚菌种(Morchella sextelata)。此外,从上述BLAST的对比结果可知,本发明菌株黔MS630与任何已知的六妹羊肚菌菌株不同,是一种新的六妹羊肚菌菌株。
实施例3本发明菌株黔MS630与其他六妹羊肚菌品种的RAPD图谱对比鉴定试验
按照如下方法进行:
采用新型植物基因组DNA提取试剂盒CW0531(北京康为世纪公司)分别提取本发明菌株黔MS630、G8(贵州乐丰公司生产的六妹羊肚菌菌株)、GYH(甘肃临夏地区采集的人工栽培的六妹羊肚菌菌株)3个菌株的基因组DNA,选取20条RAPD引物(见表1)进行PCR扩增。所述的RAPD引物序列如下:
表1 RAPD随机引物序列
引物名称 | 引物序列5’-3’ | 引物名称 | 引物序列5’-3’ |
S01 | TGATCCCTGG | S75 | GACGGATCAG |
S03 | GTAGACCCGT | S76 | CACACTCCAG |
S08 | AGTCAGCCAC | S86 | GTGCCTAACC |
S12 | CCTTGACGCA | S119 | CTGACCAGCC |
S18 | CCACACCAGT | S159 | ACGGCGTATG |
S22 | TGCCGAGCTG | S161 | ACCTGGACAC |
S24 | AATCGGGCTG | S172 | AGAGGGCACA |
S31 | CACACTCCAG | S240 | CAGCATGGTC |
S38 | CTGACGTCAC | S242 | CTGAGGTCTC |
S47 | CTGCATCGTG | S483 | GGTCACCTCA |
RAPD-PCR扩增的反应体系为:总体积20μL:20-50ng/μL的DNA模板1μL,10×Buffer(with Mg2+)2μL,2.5mM dNTP 0.5μL,5U/μl EasyTaq酶0.2μL,0.2μM引物1μL,加双蒸水至20μL。RAPD-PCR反应条件为:预变性95℃5min;94℃45s,36℃1min,72℃2min,35个循环;72℃延伸10min。
结果(见图3)从以S483为引物扩增的RAPDd电泳图谱中可以看出,本发明菌株黔MS630号与六妹羊肚菌菌株G8和GYH之间均存在明显差异的特异性条带(白色箭头处),说明本发明菌株黔MS630与现有的六妹羊肚菌菌株G8和GYH不同,是一个新的六妹羊肚菌菌株。
实施例4本发明菌株黔MS630的栽培试验
按照如下步骤进行:
(1)母种培养:用灭菌冷却后的接种钩将5mm×5mm的黔MS630菌种(本菌种已保藏于中国典型培养物保藏中心,地址中国武汉武汉大学,保藏编号为CCTCC NO:M20211231)接种于母种培养基平板中央,在温度为22℃、空气相对湿度为60~75%、避光条件下培养8天,菌丝长满平板,此时平板形成大量菌核,得黔MS630母种;母种培养基按照如下方法制备:将马铃薯200g去皮切成1.5cm左右方块,放入800mL纯净水中煮沸20min,3层纱布过滤取浸提液,再加入葡萄糖20g,琼脂20g,磷酸二氢钾1g,硫酸镁0.5g,混匀后用纯净水定容至1000mL,121℃灭菌30min;倒入直径9cm平板,备用。
(2)原种培养:用灭菌冷却后的菌种铲按照1:30的质量比挖取步骤(1)中所得黔MS630母种,然后接种于原种培养基上,在温度为20℃、空气相对湿度为60~75%,避光条件下培养25~30天,菌丝长满菌瓶,此时菌瓶形成大量菌核,得黔MS630原种;所述原种培养基的组成成分及其重量百分比为:小麦80%,腐殖土13%,稻壳5%,石膏1%,碳酸钙1%,培养基含水量为60~65%。所述原种培养基按照如下方法制备:按照比例将各组分混合,搅拌均匀,装入聚丙烯袋(规格16cm×35cm×0.005cm)后聚丙烯绳扎口,121℃灭菌2小时,备用。
(3)栽培种培养:用灭菌冷却后的菌种铲按照1:30的质量比挖取步骤(2)中所得黔MS630原种,然后接种于栽培种培养基上,在温度为20℃、空气相对湿度为60~75%,避光条件下培养25~30天,菌丝长满菌瓶,此时菌瓶形成大量菌核,得黔MS630栽培种;所述栽培种培养基的组成成分及制备方法与步骤(2)所述的原种培养基相同。
(4)开畦播种与覆膜:选择pH6~6.5、土质较细的温室大棚内耕地,清除杂草后翻耕土壤,播种前开畦,畦面宽80~100cm,畦之间留50cm的走道,土壤含水量40~45%,将步骤(3)得到的黔MS630栽培种平均每袋兑入拌种剂30mL,搅拌均匀,将菌种掰碎成小颗粒后均匀撒播到畦面,每亩耕地播种黔MS630栽培种500袋,播种后立刻均匀覆盖一层薄土,覆土后盖上黑色聚丙烯膜。所述的拌种剂的组成成分及其重量比为:硫酸镁1g,磷酸二氢钾0.5g,磷酸氢二钾0.2g,硫酸锌0.01g,硫酸亚铁0.01g,葡萄糖1g,水1000ml。所述拌种剂的制备方法,按照比例将各组分加入水中,搅拌均匀。
(5)菌丝培养与摆放营养袋:羊肚菌播种后,控制棚内气温在15~20℃、空气相对湿度60~70%、土壤含水量40~45%、光照强度50~100lux条件下8~10天,菌丝长满畦面形成白色“菌霜”,掀开黑色聚丙烯膜,放置营养袋,每个营养袋打40~60个小孔,打孔面紧贴畦面土壤,每亩地均匀摆放营养袋1800个,营养袋摆放完成后重新覆上黑色聚丙烯膜。营养袋在大田摆放40~45天,然后撤除营养袋,并撤除黑色聚丙烯膜。所述营养袋的制备方法:按照重量百分比比例将小麦90%,谷壳9%,生石灰1%混合均匀,含水量60~65%,搅拌均匀,得营养料。将混匀的营养料装入聚丙烯塑料袋(规格12cm×24cm×0.005cm)中,用聚丙烯绳扎口,得营养袋。121℃灭菌1小时,再冷却至常温;备用。
(6)原基分化:在步骤(5)撤除营养袋后,喷洒水使土壤含水量达到45~55%,在子实体生长阶段,控制棚内温度10~20℃、空气相对湿度75~85%、光照强度200~300lux,棚内自然通风,诱导原基形成,喷水后约7天形成大量原基,形成原基后约7~10天形成1~2cm的幼菇。
(7)出菇管理和采收:控制棚内气温在10~20℃、空气相对湿度70~80%、土壤含水量40~45%、光照强度500~1000lux、二氧化碳浓度500~700ppm,高温时利用喷雾、侧窗通风等措施降温。从原基发生到子实体成熟需25~30天。当子实体不再增大,菌盖脊与凹坑分明,子囊果部分已基本展开,即为成熟,及时采收,使用干净的刀片从子实体基部切割,完成采收。对采收的黔MS630子实体进行观测,称重。
结果本发明菌株黔MS630的子囊果(子实体菌盖)深褐色,菇形较好,子实体质地紧密,口感细嫩,商品价值高,为消费者提供了一种新的羊肚菌。其次,本发明菌株黔MS630产量高,其黔MS630农业式栽培平均每亩产量为393kg,远高于国家认定六妹羊肚菌品种川羊肚菌6号的185kg的亩产量,也远高于目前主栽的六妹羊肚菌G8和GYH的150~250kg的亩产量,相应地,黔MS630的经济效益高。此外,本发明菌株黔MS630的栽培周期短,从播种到出菇采收的周期为100~110天,比目前主栽的六妹羊肚菌G8和GYH的栽培周期缩短10~15天。
序列表
<110> 贵州省土壤肥料研究所(贵州省生态农业工程技术研究中心)(贵州省农业资源与环境研究所)
<120> 一种六妹羊肚菌黔MS630及其应用
<141> 2021-11-11
<160> 1
<170> SIPOSequenceListing 1.0
<210> 1
<211> 712
<212> DNA
<213> morchella sextelata
<400> 1
gcggaaggat cattaccaag aaccacacag aaaagggctg ctataggggc cggcagggct 60
agtagcttta cgttgttgaa cgtcctgttt ggacccgttg gcagccccca tctaaaccct 120
ctgcgtacct gtcccccctt gcttcccccg gcacctcgct ggggggagga acaacaacca 180
aaactctttg tgaacaaaca gacgtcagaa ttacaaaaac aaaaaaaagt taaaactttc 240
aacaacggat ctcttggttc ccacatcgat gaagaacgca gcgaaatgcg ataagtaatg 300
tgaattgcag aattcagtga atcatcgaat ctttgaacgc acattgcgcc ccctggtatt 360
ccggggggca tgcctgttcg agcgtcataa aaacctcctc ccccttcggg tttgattact 420
atcgttgggg ggttttggcc taatgggata gcgattggca attagtttcc caatgtccta 480
aatagacgta gacccgcctc cagatgcgac agcaccgagg ccatcaaccg tggagttatg 540
ggatatatag gcttgcagta aaatgctcac ctttctccat acgccgatgg cacaccggtc 600
gcagttgcgg gcgtaaattg gagtcctctt caggaccctc gtggcctagc atccaccaaa 660
cataatttga cctcggatca ggtagggata cccgctgaac ttaagcatat ca 712
Claims (7)
1.一种六妹羊肚菌(Morchella sextelata)菌株黔MS630,保藏于中国典型培养物保藏中心,其保藏编号为CCTCC NO:M20211231。
2.权利要求1所述的菌株黔MS630在食品或保健品中的应用。
3.一种食品或保健品,其特征在于,所述的食品或保健品中含有权利要求1所述的菌株黔MS630或黔MS630的提取物。
4.权利要求1所述的菌株黔MS630在饮料中的应用。
5.一种饮料,其特征在于,所述的饮料中含有权利要求1所述的菌株黔MS630或黔MS630的提取物。
6.权利要求1所述的菌株黔MS630在制备提高人体免疫力药物上的应用。
7.一种分子标记在菌株黔MS630真实性或侵权鉴定中的应用;所述的分子标记是指一个长度为712bp的DNA分子片段;所述的DNA分子片段的核苷酸序列如SEQ ID No:1所示;所述的分子标记的PCR扩增引物由ITS1和ITS4组成;所述的引物序列如下:
ITS1:5'-TCCGTAGGTGAACCTGCGG-3';
ITS4:5'-TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC-3'。
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