CN114085781B - 一种灵芝菌gz及其应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于食用菌领域,具体公开了一种灵芝(Ganoderma lucidum)菌株GZ,其保藏编号为CCTCC NO:M2019248。本发明还公开了该菌株在食品、保健品和饮料等方面的用途。本发明灵芝菌株GZ外形美观,子实体商品价值高,丰富了栽培灵芝的种类;其次,该菌株的栽培周期比现有已知灵芝菌株缩短了5~130天,栽培周期大大缩短;此外,该菌株的多糖含量高达1.7%、三萜及甾醇含量高达1.6%,其药用价值高,可用于制备提高人体免疫力的保健食品或抗肿瘤作用的药物,应用前景十分广泛。本发明还公开了该菌株的分子标记,该分子标记对菌株GZ的特异性强,其鉴定结果准确、可靠;且检测方法简单、快速,适于进行实时和现场检测。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于食用菌领域,具体涉及一种灵芝菌株;还涉及该灵芝菌株的用途。
背景技术
灵芝(又称瑞草、神芝、仙草、瑶草、还阳草、林中灵、菌灵芝、万年蕈、灵草、赤芝、丹芝或琼珍等)属于多孔菌科灵芝属(Ganoderma lucidum)。灵芝具有很高的药用价值,如灵芝多糖具有提高免疫力、降血糖、降血脂、抗氧化、抗衰老及抗肿瘤作用;灵芝中的三萜类化合物能净化血液,保护肝功能;灵芝的多种制剂分别具有镇静、抗惊厥、强心、抗心律失常、降压、镇咳平喘作用;灵芝还具有抗凝血、抑制血小板聚集及抗过敏作用。此外,灵芝还具有一定的观赏价值。随着生活水平的提高和对长寿的渴望,人们对灵芝的需求也越来越高。
目前,我国市场用于人工栽培的灵芝菌种还比较少,且目前菌种中灵芝子实体中多糖和三萜含量水平相对较低,难以满足人们药用和保健食品的市场要求。
我国南方和北方的原始森林中具有丰富的野生灵芝菌种资源,对其进行筛选和人工栽培驯化,有望选出新的优良灵芝菌种。
发明内容
本发明目的在于提供一种灵芝菌株。
本发明另一目的在于提供上述灵芝菌株的用途。
本发明目的通过如下技术方案实现:
本发明提供一种灵芝(Ganoderma lucidum)菌株GZ,已于2019年4月11日保藏于中国典型培养物保藏中心,保藏地址为中国武汉武汉大学,其保藏编号为CCTCC NO:M2019248。
上述灵芝菌株GZ,其子实体的菌盖,新鲜时表面黄褐色,光泽明显,具同心环带,边缘钝;孔口表面新鲜时白色,干后浅褐色;菌肉浅褐色,从上至下颜色由浅至深。
本发明还提供上述灵芝菌株GZ在食品或保健品中的应用。
本发明还提供一种食品或保健品,所述的食品或保健品中含有上述灵芝菌株GZ或GZ的提取物。
本发明还提供上述灵芝菌株GZ在饮料中的应用。
本发明还提供一种饮料,所述的饮料中含有上述灵芝菌株GZ或GZ的提取物。
本发明还提供上述灵芝菌株GZ在制备提高人体免疫力或抑制肿瘤药物中的应用。
本发明还提供用于鉴定上述灵芝菌株GZ的分子标记,所述的分子标记是指长度为615bp的DNA分子片段;所述的DNA分子片段的核苷酸序列如SEQ ID No:1所示。
上述分子标记,所述的分子标记的PCR扩增引物由ITS1和ITS4组成;所述的引物序列如下:
ITS1:5'-TCCGTAGGTGAACCTGCGG-3';
ITS4:5'-TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC-3'。
上述分子标记在灵芝菌株GZ真实性或侵权鉴定中的应用。
本发明还提供了上述灵芝菌株GZ的鉴定方法,包括以待测灵芝基因组DNA为底物,以ITS1和ITS4为引物进行PCR扩增,得PCR扩增产物;如果所得PCR扩增产物为615bp的DNA片段,那么该灵芝菌株即为GZ;否则该菌株就不是GZ;其中所述的引物序列如下:
ITS1:5'-TCCGTAGGTGAACCTGCGG-3';
ITS4:5'-TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC-3'。
本发明还提供了上述灵芝菌株GZ的栽培方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)母种培养:将灵芝菌株GZ接种于母种培养基上,在22~25℃、空气相对湿度70%、避光条件下培养8~10天,得GZ母种;
(2)原种培养:按照1:35的重量比将步骤(1)中所得的GZ母种接种于原种培养基上,在25℃、空气相对湿度70%,避光条件下培养30天,得GZ原种;
(3)栽培种培养:按照1:35的重量比将步骤(2)中所得的GZ原种接种到栽培种培养料上,在25℃、空气相对湿度70%,避光条件下培养30天,得GZ栽培种;
(4)栽培培养料接种:在无菌环境中,取出菌袋中心的塑料棒,按照1:25~35的重量比将步骤(3)中所得的GZ栽培种接种到栽培培养料中心的棒孔中,再用套环和棉塞封口;在20~25℃、空气相对湿度70%,避光条件下培养25~30天,菌丝长满培养料;
(6)覆土栽培:翻土深20cm,翻土后曝晒2天,然后作南北走向、宽1.2~1.5m的畦;并将场地清理干净;菌丝满袋后7天脱去外袋,得菌棒;按照间距5cm,行距10cm,将菌棒横置在栽培畦内;菌棒排列好后覆土,覆土时,将菌棒之间的空隙填满潮湿的细土,表面覆3cm的松土;覆土后喷水使覆土层湿透为止,最后在土面上盖一层细小的枯枝败叶,以便更好的保水保温;
(7)出菇管理和采收:菌棒覆土后,控制温度20~23℃,相对湿度75%条件下13~17天,现蕾;土壤表面形成原基后,土壤含水量保持在45%,棚内温度控制在25~28℃,空气相对湿度80%,空气中CO2浓度1000~2000ppm条件下培养45~50天,得成熟子实体,采收。
上述栽培方法步骤(1)中所述的母种培养基的组成成分(重量百分比)及其制备方法:将200g马铃薯去皮切成1.5cm左右方块,放入800mL水中,煮沸20min,3层纱布过滤,取浸提液;加入葡萄糖20g、琼脂18g、磷酸二氢钾2g、硫酸镁1g、维生素B11g,混匀,用纯净水定容至1000mL,121℃灭菌30min;倒入直径90mm平板;备用。
上述栽培方法步骤(2)中所述的原种培养基的组成成分(重量百分比)及其制备方法为:按照重量百分比取麦粒80%、棉籽壳10%、玉米粉5%、蔗糖4%、石膏1%,混合均匀,然后按照比例加水,培养基含水量60~65%,搅拌均匀,得原种培养基;装入聚丙烯塑料袋(规格15cm×33cm×0.005cm),121℃灭菌2小时。
上述栽培方法步骤(3)或(4)中所述的栽培培养料的组成成分(重量百分比)及其制备方法为:阔叶木屑57%、棉籽壳20%、麦麸20%,蔗糖1%、石膏粉1%、过磷酸钙各1%,混合均匀;再加水,含水量60~65%,搅拌均匀,得栽培培养料;将混匀的栽培栽培料装入聚丙烯塑料袋(规格15cm×33cm×0.005cm),121℃灭菌2小时。制备步骤(4)中的栽培培养料时在袋口中心插入13cm空心塑料棒,3.5cm套环配套棉塞封口,121℃灭菌2小时备用。
本发明具有的优点和有益技术效果:(1)本发明提供了一个新的灵芝菌株,丰富了人工栽培灵芝的种类。(2)本发明灵芝GZ菌株的子实体商品价值较高,外形美观,幼嫩子实体有漆样光泽,成熟子实体菌盖黄褐色,菌肉浅色,具有一定的观赏性。(3)本发明中灵芝菌GZ栽培周期短,其从原基形成到子实体成熟周期为45~50天,而目前国家认定和省份认定的灵芝菌株如川灵芝6号(国品认菌2007045)、灵芝G26(国品认菌2007045)、泰山赤灵芝1号(国品认菌200747)、辽引灵芝1号(辽备菌[2006]3号)等从原基形成到子实体成熟周期分别为100~150天、65天、55天、180天、70~90天、70~90天,本发明灵芝菌株GZ比现有其他灵芝菌株的栽培周期至少缩短了5~130天,栽培周期大大缩短。(4)本发明灵芝菌株GZ中多糖含量高达1.7%、三萜及甾醇含量高达1.6%,其药用价值高,可用于制备提高人体免疫力的保健食品或抗肿瘤作用的药物,应用前景十分广泛。(5)本发明分子标记对菌株GZ的特异性强,其鉴定结果准确、可靠;且检测方法简单、快速,适于进行实时和现场检测。
生物保藏:本发明灵芝(Ganoderma lucidum)菌株灵芝GZ是本发明人在贵州省绥阳宽阔水自然保护区采集,并经筛选、培育而成;该菌株已于2019年4月11日保藏于中国典型培养物保藏中心;保藏地址为:地址中国武汉武汉大学;其保藏编号为CCTCC NO:NO:M2019248。
附图说明:
图1.本发明灵芝菌株GZ的子实体照片。
图2.本发明灵芝菌株GZ的出菇照片。
图3.本发明灵芝菌株GZ的系统发育树图。
具体实施方式
以下通过实例对本发明作进一步说明,但是对本发明不构成任何限制。
实施例1本发明灵芝菌株GZ的采集、分离驯化过程:
2016年8月,本发明人在贵州绥阳宽阔水自然保护区,发现了一株野生灵芝。将野生灵芝的子实体组织分离,得到菌丝(菌种),然后将分离后的菌种进行栽培出菇试验,再将长势优良的子实体进行分离,筛选长势优良的菌株继续栽培驯化,经过数代培养,筛选出一个菌丝生长快、出菇整齐的灵芝菌株,并命名为:GZ。
实施例2本发明菌株灵芝菌株GZ的分类鉴定:
(1)本发明灵芝菌株GZ的形态学鉴定:
子实体一年生,具有侧生柄,木栓质。菌盖平展,半圆或扇形,菌盖大小为6.1~10.9cm,菌盖表面新鲜时表面黄褐色,光泽明显,具同心环带,边缘钝。孔口表面新鲜时白色,干后浅褐色。菌肉浅褐色,从上至下颜色由浅至深。根据《中国大型菌物资源图鉴》(李玉主编,中原农民出版社,2015年出版)第990页有关灵芝(Ganoderma lucidum)的照片及相应特征描述,本发明灵芝菌株GZ的形态描述与Ganoderma lucidum的形态特征一致。
(2)灵芝菌株GZ的分子生物学鉴定
用新型植物基因组DNA提取试剂盒CW0531(北京康为世纪公司)提取灵芝菌株GZ的基因组DNA,以ITS1和ITS4为引物进行PCR扩增。
选用的引物序列如下:
ITS1:5'-TCCGTAGGTGAACCTGCGG-3';
ITS4:5'-TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC-3'。
ITS-PCR反应体系为:总体积20μL:20-50ng/μL的DNA模板1μL,10×Buffer(withMg2+)2μL,2.5mM dNTP 0.5μL,5U/μl DNA聚合酶0.2μL,0.2μM引物各0.5μL,加双蒸水至20μL。ITS-PCR反应条件为:预变性94℃5min;94℃1min,60℃1min,72℃75s,30个循环;72℃延伸10min。将扩增产物进行凝胶电泳,结果扩增出一个长度为615bp的DNA分子片段;将该DNA分子片段送交上海生工进行测序,其核苷酸序列如SEQ ID No:1所示(ITS序列)。
将菌株GZ的ITS序列在Gen Bank序列数据库中进行BLAST比对,并构建系统发育树;结果其与灵芝(Ganoderma lucidum)的相似度为99.84%,从系统发育树图(见图3)可得出相同结论,说明本发明菌株GZ在分类上属于多孔菌科灵芝属(Ganoderma lucidum);并且GZ与任何一个已知灵芝菌株不同,说明是一种新的灵芝菌株。
实施例3本发明灵芝菌株GZ的栽培试验:
(1)母种培养:将灵芝菌株GZ菌种接种于母种培养基上,在22~25℃、空气相对湿度70%、避光条件下培养8~10天,得灵芝菌株GZ母种;所述母种培养基的制备方法:将马铃薯200g去皮切成1.5cm左右方块,放入800mL水中煮沸20min,3层纱布过滤,取浸提液,加入葡萄糖20g,琼脂18g,磷酸二氢钾2g,硫酸镁1g,维生素B11g,混匀后定容至1000mL,121℃灭菌30min;倒入直径90mm平板,备用。
(2)原种培养:按照1:35的比例将步骤(1)中所得GZ母种接种于原种培养基上,在25℃、空气相对湿度70%、避光条件下培养30天,得GZ原种;其中所述原种培养基的组成成分及其重量百分比为:麦粒80%、棉籽壳10%、玉米粉5%、蔗糖4%、石膏1%,混匀;加水至含水量为60~65%。将混匀的原种培养基装入聚丙烯塑料袋(规格15cm×33cm×0.005cm),121℃灭菌2小时。
(3)栽培种培养:按照1:35的比例将步骤(2)中所得GZ原种接种到栽培种培养基上培养,在25℃、空气相对湿度70%,避光条件下培养30天,为栽培种。栽培种培养基配方、装袋和灭菌的方法与步骤(2)原种培养料相同。
(4)栽培培养料的制备:按照重量百分比将阔叶木屑57%、棉籽壳20%、麦麸20%,蔗糖1%、石膏粉1%、过磷酸钙各1%混匀;再按照含水量60~65%的比例加入水,混匀;将混匀的栽培培养料装入聚丙烯塑料袋(规格15cm×33cm×0.005cm),袋口中心插入13cm空心塑料棒,3.5cm套环配套棉塞封口,121℃灭菌2小时,备用。
(5)栽培培养料接种:将步骤(4)中灭菌后的栽培培养料充分冷却至常温。在无菌环境中,取出菌袋中心的塑料棒,按照1:30的比例将步骤(3)中所得原种接种到栽培培养料中心的棒孔中,再用套环和棉塞封口,在20~25℃、空气相对湿度70%以下,避光条件下培养25~30天,菌丝长满培养料。
(6)覆土栽培:翻土深20cm,翻土后曝晒2天,然后作南北走向、宽1.2~1.5m的畦;并将场地清理干净;菌丝满袋后7天脱袋,按序排列,按照间距5cm,行距10cm,将菌棒横置在栽培畦内;菌棒排列好后覆土,覆土时,将菌棒之间的空隙填满潮湿的细土,表面覆3cm的松土;覆土后喷水使覆土层湿透为止,最后在土面上盖一层细小的枯枝败叶,以便更好的保水保温。
(7)出菇管理和采收:菌棒覆土后,控制温度20~23℃,相对湿度75%下经13~17天现蕾;土壤表面形成原基后,土壤含水量保持在45%,棚内温度控制在25~28℃,空气相对湿度80%,空气中CO2浓度1000~2000ppm条件下培养45~50天,得成熟子实体,采收。
对GZ的子实体进行肉眼观测,称重、计产。并将采收的子实体送交贵州省贵阳中药现代化高新技术创业服务中心,检测GZ子实体的多糖、三萜及甾醇含量。
结果本发明灵芝菌株GZ(见图1和图2)的菌肉为浅褐色,子实体形成的菌盖为肾形或半圆形,黄褐色,有同心环纹和放射性条纹,幼嫩漆样光泽,成熟时具皱褶,出芝整齐,具有一定的观赏性。其次,本发明灵芝菌株GZ的产量高,其农业式栽培每袋平均产量为113.7g。另外,本发明中灵芝菌GZ栽培周期短,其从原基形成到子实体成熟周期仅为45~50天;而目前国家认定和省份认定的灵芝菌株如川灵芝6号(国品认菌2007045)、灵芝G26(国品认菌2007045)、泰山赤灵芝1号(国品认菌200747)、辽引灵芝1号(辽备菌[2006]3号)从原基形成到子实体成熟的栽培周期分别为100~150天、65天、55天、180天、70~90天、70~90天,本发明灵芝菌株GZ比它们的栽培周期缩短了至少5~130天,栽培周期大大缩短。此外,经贵州省贵阳中药现代化高新技术创业服务中心进行检测,本发明灵芝菌株GZ的子实体的多糖含量高达1.7%,三萜及甾醇含量高达1.6%,说明本发明灵芝菌株GZ的药用价值高,可用于制备提高人体免疫力的保健品,或用于制备抗肿瘤作用的药物组分,附加值高,经济效益高。
序列表
<110> 贵州省土壤肥料研究所(贵州省生态农业工程技术研究中心)(贵州省农业资源与环境研究所)
魏善元
<120> 一种灵芝菌GZ及其应用
<141> 2021-11-11
<160> 1
<170> SIPOSequenceListing 1.0
<210> 1
<211> 615
<212> DNA
<213> Ganoderma lucidium
<400> 1
gcctgcggaa ggatcattat cgagttttga ccgggttgta gctggccttc tgaggcatgt 60
gcacgccctg ctcatccact ctacacctgt gcacttactg tgggcttcag attgcgaggc 120
acgctcttta ccgggcttgc ggagcatatc tgtgcctgcg tttatcacaa actctataaa 180
gtaacagaat gtgtattgcg atgtaacaca tctatataca actttcagca acggatctct 240
tggctctcgc atcgatgaag aacgcagcga aatgcgataa gtaatgtgaa ttgcagaatt 300
cagtgaatca tcgaatcttt gaacgcacct tgcgctcctt ggtattccga ggagcatgcc 360
tgtttgagtg tcatgaaatc ttcaacctac aagcttttgt ggtttgtagg cttggacttg 420
gaggcttgtc ggccgttatc ggtcggctcc tcttaaatgc attagcttgg ttccttgcgg 480
atcggctctc ggtgtgataa tgtctacgcc gtgaccgtga agcgtttggc gagcttctaa 540
ccgtcttata agacagcttt atgacctctg acctcaaatc aggtaggact acccgctgaa 600
cttaagcata tcaaa 615
Claims (6)
1.一种灵芝(Ganoderma lucidum)菌株GZ,保藏于中国典型培养物保藏中心,其保藏编号为CCTCC NO:M2019248。
2.权利要求1所述的灵芝菌株GZ在制备食品或保健品中的应用。
3.一种食品或保健品,其特征在于,所述的食品或保健品中含有权利要求1所述的灵芝菌株GZ。
4.权利要求1所述的灵芝菌株GZ在制备饮料中的应用。
5.一种饮料,其特征在于,所述的饮料中含有权利要求1所述的灵芝菌株GZ。
6.权利要求1所述的灵芝菌株GZ在制备提高人体免疫力或抑制肿瘤药物中的应用。
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