CN114242779A - 一种带有沟槽的碳化硅积累态mosfet - Google Patents
一种带有沟槽的碳化硅积累态mosfet Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种带有沟槽的碳化硅积累态MOSFET,包括:碳化硅衬底和生长在碳化硅衬底上的碳化硅外延层,碳化硅外延层上刻蚀有沟槽,沟槽表面生长有氧化层,氧化层上设有栅极多晶硅电极,碳化硅外延层上设有源极注入区和与其连接的积累层,解决了现有技术存在的沟道迁移率低的问题,其应用时增加沟道迁移率,导通电阻显著降低。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及半导体技术领域,具体涉及一种带有沟槽的碳化硅积累态MOSFET。
背景技术
基于碳化硅的宽带隙半导体因其低导通损耗,优异的耐高温性和高导热特性,越来越受市场的欢迎。另外,碳化硅还拥有高临界场,高体迁移率,高饱和速度等独特的电学性能。特别是高临界场特性,使碳化硅功率器件与相同电压应用条件下的常规硅器件相比,有更高的掺杂浓度和更薄的漂移层厚度,从而实现更低的导通电阻。碳化硅MOSFET有较低的开关损耗和较高的工作频率,非常贴合电力电子的应用需求。
现有平面栅碳化硅MOSFET结构单元间距较大,成本高。平面栅碳化硅MOSFET结构的SiO2(栅氧化物)/ SiC界面处的界面的沟道迁移率较低,相应的导通电阻较大。常规的反型MOSFET沟道迁移率没有积累态高,沟道电阻没有积累态MOSFET低,导通电阻仍有降低的空间。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种带有沟槽的碳化硅积累态MOSFET,解决了现有技术存在的沟道迁移率低问题,其应用时可提高沟道迁移率,导通电阻显著降低。
为了解决该技术问题,本发明提供了如下技术方案:
一种带有沟槽的碳化硅积累态MOSFET,包括:碳化硅衬底和生长在碳化硅衬底上的碳化硅外延层, 碳化硅外延层上刻蚀有沟槽,沟槽表面生长有氧化层,所述沟槽由底部至开口依次设有栅极保护区和栅极多晶硅电极,同时碳化硅外延层上设有源级注入区、耐压注入区和阻断注入层,在所述源极注入区和氧化层之间设有积累层。
所述碳化硅衬底的掺杂类型为第一导电类型,碳化硅外延层的掺杂类型为第一导电类型,所述源极注入区的掺杂类型为第一导电类型,耐压注入区的掺杂类型为第二导电类型,阻断注入层的掺杂类型为第二导电类型,栅极保护区的掺杂类型为第二导电类型,积累层的掺杂类型为第一导电类型。
本方案在碳化硅外延层上刻蚀有沟槽,在沟槽表面生长有氧化层,氧化层上设有栅极多晶硅电极,形成MOSFET的栅极区,控制器件的开通与关断。在栅极多晶硅电极上施加正压即可实现器件的开启。电子从源极注入区开始进入器件,在积累层附近形成电子沟道,经过碳化硅外延层、碳化硅衬底形成导通。
其中,积累层的长度、厚度以及掺杂浓度需要精确控制,以使此区被完全耗尽,保证器件为常闭型器件。积累层的存在,可降低沟道电阻,从而大幅降低导通电阻。另外,积累层还可以使得器件在开通时,电子沟道远离栅氧表面,避免了因栅氧质量水平引起的高导通电阻以及可靠性问题。阻断注入层用于保持MOSFET为常闭型器件,阻断注入层与碳化硅外延层形成PiN结构增加反向耐压。耐压注入区用于增加反向耐压。
所述第一导电类型可以为N,也可以为P。
优选的,所述积累层沿所述氧化层周向间隔设置。
为保证器件为常闭型器件,使积累层沿所述氧化层周向间隔设置,积累层的在氧化层周向的分布面积小于50%,使此区被完全耗尽;在此方案下积累层的厚度可稍作提升,减轻工艺制作的难度,同时可以在减少沟道电阻的同时使此区被完全耗尽,在栅极未开启条件下保持沟道关闭。
在栅极沟槽下设有栅极保护区,防止栅压过高时器件穿通。
优选的,源极注入区上设有源极金属电极。
源极注入区与源极金属电极形成源极区,电子从源极金属电极进入,从源极注入区开始进入器件。
优选的,源极金属电极和栅极多晶硅电极之间设有绝缘层。
栅极多晶硅电极和源极金属电极间设有绝缘层,以实现电学隔离。
优选的,所述碳化硅衬底背面覆盖有漏极金属电极。
本方案在碳化硅衬底背面覆盖有漏极金属电极,形成MOSFET的漏极区;
所述第二导电类型与第一导电类型不同;当第一导电类型为N,第二导电类型为P;当第一导电类型为P时,第二导电类型为N。
优选的,所述碳化硅衬底的掺杂浓度与类型为N+,碳化硅外延层掺杂浓度与类型为N-,所述源极注入区掺杂浓度与类型为N+,积累层的掺杂浓度与类型为N-,栅极保护区的掺杂浓度与类型为P+,阻断注入层掺杂浓度与类型为P,耐压注入区的掺杂浓度与类型为P+。
本发明和现有技术相比,具有以下优点:
本发明的带有沟槽的碳化硅积累态MOSFET在保持较高反向耐压的特性下,还可同时降低导通电阻。
本发明栅氧表面沟道迁移率比常规平面栅碳化硅MOSFET结构中的沟道迁移率大2-3倍。另外,与目前在商业生产市场上占主导地位的平面栅MOSFET结构相比,本发明的沟槽栅MOSFET设计可实现更小的单元间距。结合减小间距和增加沟道迁移率的优势,沟槽栅MOSFET设计与传统的平面栅设计相比,导通电阻显著降低。
同时,积累态MOSFET与常规反型MOSFET相比有更高的沟道迁移率,使导通电阻进一步降低。积累层的存在,可降低沟道电阻,从而大幅降低导通电阻。另外,积累层还可以使得器件在开通时,电子沟道远离栅氧表面,避免了因栅氧质量水平带来的高导通电阻以及可靠性问题。同时积累层的分布面积小于50%,保证了器件的阈值电压以及反向耐压能力。
附图说明
此处所说明的附图用来提供对本发明实施例的进一步理解,构成本申请的一部分,并不构成对本发明实施例的限定。在附图中:
图1为本发明带有沟槽的碳化硅积累态MOSFET的结构示意图;
图2为图1中A-A'截面的结构示意图;
图3为图1中B-B'截面的结构示意图;
附图中标记及对应的结构名称:
101、碳化硅衬底;102、碳化硅外延层;103、阻断注入层;104、源极注入区;105、积累层;106、栅极保护区;107、氧化层;108、栅极多晶硅电极;109、绝缘层;110、源极金属电极;111、漏极金属电极;112、耐压注入区。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明白,下面结合实施例,对本发明作进一步的详细说明,本发明的示意性实施方式及其说明仅用于解释本发明,并不作为对本发明的限定。
实施例1
如图1所示,带有沟槽的碳化硅积累态MOSFET,以第一导电类型为N,第二导电类型为P为例,包括碳化硅衬底101,其中该衬底掺杂浓度与类型为N+。在碳化硅衬底101上生长有碳化硅外延层102,其中该外延层掺杂浓度与类型为N-。在碳化硅衬底101背面覆盖有漏极金属电极111,形成MOSFET的漏极区。
碳化硅外延层102上刻蚀有沟槽,沟槽表面生长有氧化层107,氧化层107上设有栅极多晶硅电极108,形成MOSFET的栅极区,控制器件的开通与关断,在栅极多晶硅电极108上施加正压即可实现器件的开启。所述沟槽底部设有栅极保护区106,栅极保护区106可防止栅压过高时器件穿通,其掺杂浓度与类型为P+。碳化硅外延层102上设有源极注入区104和与其连接的积累层105。积累层105的掺杂浓度与类型为N-,源极注入区104的掺杂浓度与类型为N+。源极注入区104覆盖有源极金属电极110,源极金属电极110和栅极多晶硅电极108之间设有用于实现电学隔离的绝缘层109。电子从源极金属电极110进入,经源极注入区104进入器件,在积累层105附近形成电子沟道,经过碳化硅外延层102、碳化硅衬底101以及漏极金属电极111形成导通。积累层105的厚度需设置为50nm-200nm,掺杂浓度设置为1×1013cm-3-1×1015 cm-3,以使此区能够被完全耗尽,保证器件为常闭型器件。积累层105的存在,可降低沟道电阻,从而大幅降低导通电阻。另外,积累层105还可以使得器件在开通时,电子沟道远离栅氧表面,避免了因栅氧质量水平带来的高导通电阻以及可靠性问题。
碳化硅外延层102与源极注入区104之间还设有与积累层105接触的阻断注入层103,其掺杂浓度与类型为P,阻断注入层103用于保持MOSFET为常闭型器件,阻断注入层103与碳化硅外延层102形成PiN结构增加反向耐压。源极金属电极110和阻断注入层103之间设有与源极注入区104接触的耐压注入区112,耐压注入区112的掺杂浓度与类型为P+,耐压注入区112用于增加反向耐压。
本实施例为常闭型MOSFET,工作时在栅极多晶硅电极108上施加正压即可实现器件的开启。电子从源极金属电极110进入,经源极注入区104进入器件,在积累层105附近形成电子沟道,经过碳化硅外延层102、碳化硅衬底101以及漏极金属电极111形成导通。
实施例2
如图2-3所示,本实施例在实施例1的基础上,进一步限定,所述积累层105沿所述氧化层107周向间隔设置;为保证器件为常闭型器件的前提下同时提高阈值电压,设置积累层105沿所述氧化层107周向间隔分布。优选地,在氧化层107周向的分布面积小于50%。在此方案下积累层105的厚度可稍作提升,减轻工艺制作的难度,同时可以在减轻沟道电阻的同时使此区被完全耗尽,在栅极未开启条件下保持沟道关闭。
实施例3
本实施例和实施例1的区别在于,第一导电类型为P,第二导电类型为N,即所述碳化硅衬底101、碳化硅外延层102、源极注入区104、积累层105的导电类型为P型;阻断注入层103和耐压注入区112的导电类型为N型;作为优选的方式,所述碳化硅衬底101的掺杂浓度与类型为P+,所述碳化硅外延层102掺杂浓度与类型为P-,所述源极注入区104掺杂浓度与类型为P+,所述积累层105的掺杂浓度与类型为P-,栅极保护区106的掺杂浓度与类型为N+,阻断注入层103掺杂浓度与类型为N,耐压注入区112的掺杂浓度与类型为N+。
以上所述的具体实施方式,对本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步详细说明,所应理解的是,以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施方式而已,并不用于限定本发明的保护范围,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (8)
1.一种带有沟槽的碳化硅积累态MOSFET,包括:碳化硅衬底(101)和生长在碳化硅衬底(101)上的碳化硅外延层(102),其特征在于,
碳化硅外延层(102)上刻蚀有沟槽,沟槽表面生长有氧化层(107),氧化层(107)上设有栅极多晶硅电极(108),碳化硅外延层(102)上设有源极注入区(104)和连接碳化硅外延层(102)与源极注入区(104)的积累层(105)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种带有沟槽的碳化硅积累态MOSFET,其特征在于,所述积累层(105)沿所述氧化层(107)周向间隔设置。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种带有沟槽的碳化硅积累态MOSFET,其特征在于,所述沟槽底部设有栅极保护区(106)。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种带有沟槽的碳化硅积累态MOSFET,其特征在于,源极注入区(104)覆盖有源极金属电极(110)。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种带有沟槽的碳化硅积累态MOSFET,其特征在于,源极金属电极(110)和栅极多晶硅电极(108)之间设有绝缘层(109)。
6.根据权利要求4所述的一种带有沟槽的碳化硅积累态MOSFET,其特征在于,碳化硅外延层(102)与源极注入区(104)之间还设有阻断注入层(103)。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种带有沟槽的碳化硅积累态MOSFET,其特征在于,源极金属电极(110)和阻断注入层(103)之间设有位于源极注入区(104)外侧的耐压注入区(112)。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种带有沟槽的碳化硅积累态MOSFET,其特征在于,所述碳化硅衬底(101)背面覆盖有漏极金属电极(111)。
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