CN114196049B - 一种强疏水聚酰亚胺薄膜的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种强疏水聚酰亚胺薄膜的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN114196049B
CN114196049B CN202111521410.7A CN202111521410A CN114196049B CN 114196049 B CN114196049 B CN 114196049B CN 202111521410 A CN202111521410 A CN 202111521410A CN 114196049 B CN114196049 B CN 114196049B
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周浪
郁胜振
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Wuxi Chuangcai Optical Materials Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及功能材料技术领域,尤其涉及一种强疏水聚酰亚胺薄膜的制备方法。聚酰亚胺薄膜的吸湿率偏高。基于上述问题,本发明提供一种强疏水聚酰亚胺薄膜的制备方法,在聚酰亚胺薄膜制备过程中添加有自制的疏水改性剂,其与市售的疏水二氧化硅复配使用,自制的疏水改性剂表面接枝有若干条放射状的含氟硅烷链,可以提高疏水纳米二氧化硅在体系中的分散性,防止疏水纳米二氧化硅粒子之间过度堆积形成团聚,能使所获聚酰亚胺薄膜具有更好的疏水效果。

Description

一种强疏水聚酰亚胺薄膜的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及功能材料技术领域,尤其涉及一种强疏水聚酰亚胺薄膜的制备方法。
背景技术
聚酰亚胺(PI)是芳香杂环聚合物中最主要的产品,具有耐高温、机械强度高、化学稳定、尺寸稳定性好、介电常数低等优异的综合性能,在航空航天、电气、微电子等行业得到广泛的应用。在微电子领域中,一般用作介电薄膜、刻蚀阻隔层、封装材料。但聚酰亚胺吸湿率偏高在一定程度上限制了它的应用。
近年来,对低吸水性、热稳定性强和低介电常数和的聚酰亚胺基复合材料的制备成为研究的热点。为了解决上述问题,所以就需要对聚酰亚胺进行疏水改性,以降低其吸水率。氟元素的电负性很大,形成的C-F键能量很高,并且氟原子很难作为电子的给予体与水分子中的氢形成氢键。所以随着氟原子含量的増加,聚酰亚胺的吸水率会降低。因此可以使用含氟单体来实现聚酰亚胺的疏水改性。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的问题,本发明要解决的技术问题是:聚酰亚胺薄膜的吸湿率偏高,限制了其的应用。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是:本发明提供一种强疏水聚酰亚胺薄膜的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)首先制备聚酰胺酸溶液
室温下,将二胺单体分散在有机溶剂中,然后缓慢加入二酐单体,所述二酐单体与二胺单体的摩尔比为0.9-1.05:1,搅拌反应4-12h,即得到酰胺酸溶液;
(2)亚胺化
将改性剂加入到酰胺酸溶液中,所述改性纳米二氧化硅在酰胺酸溶液中的质量浓度为1-10wt%,搅拌分散均匀,然后在玻璃基材上流延成膜,惰性气体保护下,升温至150-300℃,保温反应8-12h,即得到强疏水聚酰亚胺薄膜。
具体地,所述有机溶剂为N-甲基吡咯烷酮、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺或二甲基亚砜。
具体地,所述改性剂为改性纳米二氧化硅、疏水纳米二氧化硅或两者组成的混合物。
具体地,所述改性剂为改性纳米二氧化硅与疏水纳米二氧化硅按照质量比3-5:1组成的混合物。
具体地,所述二胺单体为4,4’-二氨基-2,2’-双三氟甲基联苯、2,2-双(3-氨基-4-羟基苯基)六氟丙烷或1,3-双(2-三氟甲基-4-氨基苯氧基)苯。
具体地,所述二酐单体为六氟二酐或4,4’-联苯醚二酐。
具体地,所述改性纳米二氧化硅,按照以下步骤获得:
将0.2-0.6g含氟硅烷加入40ml乙醇与水的混合溶液中,乙醇与水的体积比为9:1,滴加稀盐酸调节溶液的pH=3-4,磁力搅拌30-60min使含氟硅烷水解,然后加入0.8g纳米二氧化硅,搅拌均匀后,将体系温度加热至50-80℃,搅拌反应4-8h,反应完成后,以乙醇为洗涤分散液,在3500-6500rpm的速度下离心分离,每次10min洗涤3次,收集固体产物并真空干燥,即得到改性纳米二氧化硅。
具体地,所述含氟硅烷为3,3,3-三氟丙基三甲氧基硅烷、1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟己基三甲氧基硅烷、1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟辛基三乙氧基硅烷或十七氟癸基三甲氧基硅烷,当含氟硅烷为1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟己基三甲氧基硅烷时,所获改性纳米二氧化硅的结构如图1所示。
具体地,所述纳米二氧化硅的粒径为20-100nm。
本发明的有益效果是:
本发明提供一种强疏水聚酰亚胺薄膜的制备方法,在聚酰亚胺薄膜制备过程中添加有自制的疏水改性剂,其与市售疏水纳米二氧化硅粒子复配使用,自制的疏水改性剂的特殊结构(其表面接枝有若干条放射状的含氟硅烷链)可以提高疏水纳米二氧化硅在体系中的分散性,防止疏水纳米二氧化硅粒子之间过度堆积形成团聚,自制的疏水改性剂与疏水纳米二氧化硅粒子协同作用,能显著改善聚酰亚胺薄膜的疏水性。
附图说明
图1:含氟硅烷为1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟己基三甲氧基硅烷时所获改性纳米二氧化硅的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
现在结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
本发明以下实施例中的改性纳米二氧化硅,按照以下步骤获得:
将0.2-0.6g含氟硅烷加入40ml乙醇与水的混合溶液中,乙醇与水的体积比为9:1,滴加稀盐酸调节溶液的pH=3-4,磁力搅拌30-60min使含氟硅烷水解,然后加入0.8g纳米二氧化硅,所述纳米二氧化硅的粒径为20-100nm,搅拌均匀后,将体系温度加热至50-80℃,搅拌反应4-8h,反应完成后,以乙醇为洗涤分散液,在3500-6500rpm的速度下离心分离,每次10min洗涤3次,收集固体产物并真空干燥,即得到改性纳米二氧化硅。
本发明以下实施例中的含氟硅烷为3,3,3-三氟丙基三甲氧基硅烷、1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟己基三甲氧基硅烷、1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟辛基三乙氧基硅烷或十七氟癸基三甲氧基硅烷。
本发明以下实施例中的有机溶剂为N-甲基吡咯烷酮、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺或二甲基亚砜。
本发明以下实施例中使用的疏水纳米二氧化硅CAS号:112945-52-5。
实施例1
强疏水聚酰亚胺薄膜的制备方法,按照以下步骤制备:
(1)首先制备聚酰胺酸溶液
室温下,将1.6g 4,4’-二氨基-2,2’-双三氟甲基联苯分散在16ml有机溶剂中,然后缓慢加入六氟二酐,所述二酐单体与二胺单体的摩尔比为1.05:1,搅拌反应4h,即得到酰胺酸溶液;
(2)亚胺化
将疏水纳米二氧化硅加入到酰胺酸溶液中,所述改性纳米二氧化硅在酰胺酸溶液中的质量浓度为5wt%,搅拌分散均匀,然后在玻璃基材上流延成膜,惰性气体保护下,升温至200℃,保温反应10h,即得到厚度为25μm的强疏水聚酰亚胺薄膜,所获强疏水聚酰亚胺薄膜的水接触角为145.3°,拉伸强度为5.4MPa。
实施例2
强疏水聚酰亚胺薄膜的制备方法,按照以下步骤制备:
(1)首先制备聚酰胺酸溶液
室温下,将1.6g 4,4’-二氨基-2,2’-双三氟甲基联苯分散在16ml有机溶剂中,然后缓慢加入六氟二酐,所述二酐单体与二胺单体的摩尔比为1.05:1,搅拌反应4h,即得到酰胺酸溶液;
(2)亚胺化
将改性纳米二氧化硅加入到酰胺酸溶液中,所述改性纳米二氧化硅在酰胺酸溶液中的质量浓度为5wt%,搅拌分散均匀,然后在玻璃基材上流延成膜,惰性气体保护下,升温至200℃,保温反应10h,即得到厚度为25μm的强疏水聚酰亚胺薄膜,所获强疏水聚酰亚胺薄膜的水接触角为152.3°,拉伸强度为9.2MPa。
实施例3
强疏水聚酰亚胺薄膜的制备方法,按照以下步骤制备:
(1)首先制备聚酰胺酸溶液
室温下,将1.6g 4,4’-二氨基-2,2’-双三氟甲基联苯分散在16ml有机溶剂中,然后缓慢加入六氟二酐,所述二酐单体与二胺单体的摩尔比为1.05:1,搅拌反应10h,即得到酰胺酸溶液;
(2)亚胺化
将改性剂加入到酰胺酸溶液中,所述改性剂由改性纳米二氧化硅与疏水纳米二氧化硅按照质量比3:1组成,所述改性剂在酰胺酸溶液中的质量浓度为5wt%,搅拌分散均匀,然后在玻璃基材上流延成膜,惰性气体保护下,升温至200℃,保温反应10h,即得到厚度为25μm的强疏水聚酰亚胺薄膜,所获强疏水聚酰亚胺薄膜的水接触角为156.3°,拉伸强度为6.8MPa。
实施例4
强疏水聚酰亚胺薄膜的制备方法,按照以下步骤制备:
(1)首先制备聚酰胺酸溶液
室温下,将1.6g 4,4’-二氨基-2,2’-双三氟甲基联苯分散在16ml有机溶剂中,然后缓慢加入六氟二酐,所述二酐单体与二胺单体的摩尔比为1.05:1,搅拌反应4h,即得到酰胺酸溶液;
(2)亚胺化
将改性剂加入到酰胺酸溶液中,所述改性剂由改性纳米二氧化硅与疏水纳米二氧化硅按照质量比4:1组成,所述改性剂在酰胺酸溶液中的质量浓度为5wt%,搅拌分散均匀,然后在玻璃基材上流延成膜,惰性气体保护下,升温至200℃,保温反应10h,即得到厚度为25μm的强疏水聚酰亚胺薄膜,所获强疏水聚酰亚胺薄膜的水接触角为156.8°,拉伸强度为7.3MPa。
实施例5
强疏水聚酰亚胺薄膜的制备方法,按照以下步骤制备:
(1)首先制备聚酰胺酸溶液
室温下,将1.6g 4,4’-二氨基-2,2’-双三氟甲基联苯分散在16ml有机溶剂中,然后缓慢加入六氟二酐,所述二酐单体与二胺单体的摩尔比为1.05:1,搅拌反应4h,即得到酰胺酸溶液;
(2)亚胺化
将改性剂加入到酰胺酸溶液中,所述改性剂由改性纳米二氧化硅与疏水纳米二氧化硅按照质量比5:1组成,所述改性剂在酰胺酸溶液中的质量浓度为5wt%,搅拌分散均匀,然后在玻璃基材上流延成膜,惰性气体保护下,升温至200℃,保温反应10h,即得到厚度为25μm的强疏水聚酰亚胺薄膜,所获强疏水聚酰亚胺薄膜的水接触角为157.2°,拉伸强度为8.0MPa。
实施例6
强疏水聚酰亚胺薄膜的制备方法,按照以下步骤制备:
(1)首先制备聚酰胺酸溶液
室温下,将1.6g 2,2-双(3-氨基-4-羟基苯基)六氟丙烷分散在16ml有机溶剂中,然后缓慢加入六氟二酐,所述二酐单体与二胺单体的摩尔比为1.05:1,搅拌反应4h,即得到酰胺酸溶液;
(2)亚胺化
将改性剂加入到酰胺酸溶液中,所述改性剂由改性纳米二氧化硅与疏水纳米二氧化硅按照质量比5:1组成,所述改性剂在酰胺酸溶液中的质量浓度为5wt%,搅拌分散均匀,然后在玻璃基材上流延成膜,惰性气体保护下,升温至200℃,保温反应10h,即得到厚度为25μm的强疏水聚酰亚胺薄膜,所获强疏水聚酰亚胺薄膜的水接触角为157.6°,拉伸强度为8.4MPa。
实施例7
强疏水聚酰亚胺薄膜的制备方法,按照以下步骤制备:
(1)首先制备聚酰胺酸溶液
室温下,将1.6g 1,3-双(2-三氟甲基-4-氨基苯氧基)苯分散在16ml有机溶剂中,然后缓慢加入六氟二酐,所述二酐单体与二胺单体的摩尔比为1.05:1,搅拌反应4h,即得到酰胺酸溶液;
(2)亚胺化
将改性剂加入到酰胺酸溶液中,所述改性剂由改性纳米二氧化硅与疏水纳米二氧化硅按照质量比5:1组成,所述改性剂在酰胺酸溶液中的质量浓度为5wt%,搅拌分散均匀,然后在玻璃基材上流延成膜,惰性气体保护下,升温至200℃,保温反应10h,即得到厚度为25μm的强疏水聚酰亚胺薄膜,所获强疏水聚酰亚胺薄膜的水接触角为157.0°,拉伸强度为7.8MPa。
实施例8
强疏水聚酰亚胺薄膜的制备方法,按照以下步骤制备:
(1)首先制备聚酰胺酸溶液
室温下,将1.6g 1,3-双(2-三氟甲基-4-氨基苯氧基)苯分散在16ml有机溶剂中,然后缓慢加入六氟二酐,所述二酐单体与二胺单体的摩尔比为0.9:1,搅拌反应10h,即得到酰胺酸溶液;
(2)亚胺化
将改性剂加入到酰胺酸溶液中,所述改性剂由改性纳米二氧化硅与疏水纳米二氧化硅按照质量比5:1组成,所述改性剂在酰胺酸溶液中的质量浓度为10wt%,搅拌分散均匀,然后在玻璃基材上流延成膜,惰性气体保护下,升温至200℃,保温反应8h,即得到厚度为25μm的强疏水聚酰亚胺薄膜,所获强疏水聚酰亚胺薄膜的水接触角为158.4°,拉伸强度为15.1MPa。
实施例9
强疏水聚酰亚胺薄膜的制备方法,按照以下步骤制备:
(1)首先制备聚酰胺酸溶液
室温下,将1.6g 1,3-双(2-三氟甲基-4-氨基苯氧基)苯分散在16ml有机溶剂中,然后缓慢加入4,4’-联苯醚二酐,所述二酐单体与二胺单体的摩尔比为1.05:1,搅拌反应12h,即得到酰胺酸溶液;
(2)亚胺化
将改性剂加入到酰胺酸溶液中,所述改性剂由改性纳米二氧化硅与疏水纳米二氧化硅按照质量比5:1组成,所述改性剂在酰胺酸溶液中的质量浓度为1wt%,搅拌分散均匀,然后在玻璃基材上流延成膜,惰性气体保护下,升温至200℃,保温反应12h,即得到厚度为25μm的强疏水聚酰亚胺薄膜,所获强疏水聚酰亚胺薄膜的水接触角为149.6°,拉伸强度为18.6MPa。
对比例1同实施例3,不同之处在于,对比例1中的改性剂由改性纳米二氧化硅与疏水纳米二氧化硅按照质量比1:1组成,所获强疏水聚酰亚胺薄膜的水接触角为153.3°,拉伸强度为5.9MPa。
对比例2同实施例3,不同之处在于,对比例2中的改性剂由改性纳米二氧化硅与疏水纳米二氧化硅按照质量比1:3组成,所获强疏水聚酰亚胺薄膜的水接触角为150.2°,拉伸强度为5.4MPa。
对比例3同实施例3,不同之处在于,对比例3中的改性剂由1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟辛基三乙氧基硅烷与疏水纳米二氧化硅按照质量比1:3组成,所获强疏水聚酰亚胺薄膜的水接触角为155.7°,拉伸强度为7.2MPa。
以上述依据本发明的理想实施例为启示,通过上述的说明内容,相关工作人员完全可以在不偏离本项发明技术思想的范围内,进行多样的变更以及修改。本项发明的技术性范围并不局限于说明书上的内容,必须要根据权利要求范围来确定其技术性范围。

Claims (1)

1.一种强疏水聚酰亚胺薄膜的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)首先制备聚酰胺酸溶液
室温下,将二胺单体分散在有机溶剂中,然后缓慢加入二酐单体,所述二酐单体与二胺单体的摩尔比为0.9-1.05:1,搅拌反应4-12h,即得到酰胺酸溶液;
(2)亚胺化
将改性剂加入到酰胺酸溶液中,所述改性剂为改性纳米二氧化硅与疏水纳米二氧化硅按照质量比3-5:1组成的混合物,所述改性纳米二氧化硅在酰胺酸溶液中的质量浓度为5-10wt%,搅拌分散均匀,然后在玻璃基材上流延成膜,惰性气体保护下,升温至200℃,保温反应8-12h,即得到强疏水聚酰亚胺薄膜;
所述二胺单体为4,4’-二氨基-2,2’-双三氟甲基联苯、2,2-双(3-氨基-4-羟基苯基)六氟丙烷或1,3-双(2-三氟甲基-4-氨基苯氧基)苯;
所述二酐单体为六氟二酐;
所述改性纳米二氧化硅,按照以下步骤获得:
将0.2-0.6g含氟硅烷加入40ml乙醇与水的混合溶液中,乙醇与水的体积比为9:1,滴加稀盐酸调节溶液的pH=3-4,磁力搅拌30-60min使含氟硅烷水解,然后加入0.8g纳米二氧化硅,搅拌均匀后,将体系温度加热至50-80℃,搅拌反应4-8h,反应完成后,以乙醇为洗涤分散液,在3500-6500rpm的速度下离心分离,每次10min洗涤3次,收集固体产物并真空干燥,即得到改性纳米二氧化硅;
所述含氟硅烷为3,3,3-三氟丙基三甲氧基硅烷、1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟己基三甲氧基硅烷、1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟辛基三乙氧基硅烷或十七氟癸基三甲氧基硅烷;所述纳米二氧化硅的粒径为20-100nm。
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