CN114181001B - Passive ventilation type aerobic composting reactor device and use method thereof - Google Patents
Passive ventilation type aerobic composting reactor device and use method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114181001B CN114181001B CN202111597477.9A CN202111597477A CN114181001B CN 114181001 B CN114181001 B CN 114181001B CN 202111597477 A CN202111597477 A CN 202111597477A CN 114181001 B CN114181001 B CN 114181001B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
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- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
- C05F17/964—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
- C05F17/964—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors
- C05F17/971—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors for feeding or discharging materials to be treated; for feeding or discharging other material
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- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
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- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
- C05F17/964—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors
- C05F17/971—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors for feeding or discharging materials to be treated; for feeding or discharging other material
- C05F17/979—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors for feeding or discharging materials to be treated; for feeding or discharging other material the other material being gaseous
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of organic solid waste disposal and resource utilization, in particular to a passive ventilation type aerobic composting reactor device and a using method thereof. The invention can solve the problems of long composting time, large odor discharge amount and high energy consumption of the traditional reactor.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of organic solid waste disposal and resource utilization, in particular to a passive ventilation type aerobic composting reactor device and a using method thereof.
Background
In recent years, the demand of people for livestock and poultry products is increasing, and on the other hand, pollution caused by livestock and poultry manure is generated. The method can be divided into three types according to the method for treating the excrement, namely a strip-stack type aerobic composting process, a groove type aerobic composting process, a reactor type aerobic composting process and the like, wherein the reactor composting has the advantages of heat preservation, energy conservation, no influence of climate, easy control of odor of a closed system, short fermentation period, small occupied area, low civil engineering investment and the like, and is suitable for individual farmers for treating the excrement on site.
The principle of aerobic composting is a biochemical process for degrading organic matters by the action of obligate and facultative aerobic bacteria, organic materials to be composted and fillers are mixed according to a certain proportion, and microorganisms are propagated and the organic matters are degraded under the conditions of proper moisture and ventilation, so that high temperature is generated, pathogenic bacteria and weed seeds in the organic matters are killed, and the organic matters are stabilized. In the aerobic composting process, soluble small molecular organic substances in the organic waste permeate cell walls and cell membranes of microorganisms to be absorbed and utilized by the microorganisms. The insoluble macromolecular organic matter is attached to the outside of the microbe, and the extracellular enzyme secreted by the microbe is decomposed into soluble small molecular matter, which is then introduced into the cell for use by the microbe. By the vital activity of the microorganisms, a part of the absorbed organic matter is oxidized into simple inorganic matter and provides the energy required for the activity, while another part of the organic matter is converted into new cellular material for the proliferation of the microorganisms.
The application of the microbial composite bacterial agent in the aerobic fermentation of the livestock and poultry manure, and the composite bacterial agent consisting of the microorganisms has an obvious promotion effect on compost. The beneficial microorganisms in the fermentation system at the initial stage of composting are fewer in number and are dominant in the system by a large number of anaerobic bacteria discharged along with excrement, so that the temperature of the composting is slowly increased and stink is generated. In this way, the beneficial microorganisms are added, so that the temperature rise speed of the compost can be increased, the purpose of quick decomposition is achieved, and the effect of deodorization can be achieved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a passive ventilation type aerobic composting reactor device and a using method thereof, which are used for solving the problems of long composting time, large odor discharge amount and high energy consumption of the traditional reactor.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
the utility model provides a passive ventilation formula aerobic composting reactor device, includes the reactor main part, the inside hollow structure that is of reactor main part, microorganism complex microbial inoculum filler opening has been seted up at reactor main part top, reactor main part top intercommunication has tail gas treatment component, reactor main part bottom is equipped with the bleed structure, pan feeding mouth has been seted up on reactor main part lateral wall upper portion, reactor main part lateral wall is equipped with temperature sensor, temperature sensor part stretches into inside the reactor main part, reactor main part lateral wall lower part has been seted up the discharge gate, the discharge gate is located bleed structure top, the inside stirring subassembly that is equipped with of reactor main part.
Preferably, the bleed structure includes fixed connection and is in reactor main part inner wall lower part's thin net, reactor main part lateral wall bottom intercommunication has a plurality of bleed pipes, the bleed pipe is kept away from the one end and the external world intercommunication of reactor main part, thin net is located the discharge gate below.
Preferably, the tail gas treatment assembly comprises a gas washing tank, the inlet end of the gas washing tank is communicated with the top of the reactor main body, the outlet end of the gas washing tank is communicated with the inlet end of the gas washing bottle, the outlet end of the gas washing bottle is arranged at the top of the gas washing bottle, and the inlet end of the gas washing bottle is arranged in the middle of the side wall of the gas washing bottle.
Preferably, the gas washing tank is filled with activated carbon, and the gas washing tank is filled with water.
Preferably, the stirring subassembly includes the screw rod agitator, the pivot of screw rod agitator passes the bleed structure with the bottom surface and the transmission of reactor main part are connected with the drive division, drive division electric connection has solar panel.
Preferably, the shell of the reactor main body is of a hollow structure, the shell of the reactor main body is filled with a heat insulation layer, and the shell of the reactor main body is made of an anti-corrosion material.
A use method of a passive ventilation type aerobic composting reactor device is based on the technical scheme, and comprises the following steps:
pretreating compost raw materials, and adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio and the water content of animal wastes and straws;
adding materials, namely adding the prepared animal wastes and straws into the reactor main body through the feeding port;
adding microorganisms, namely spraying the microbial compound inoculum above the material through the filling opening of the microbial compound inoculum;
stirring materials, starting the stirring assembly, and stirring the materials in the reactor main body;
and controlling the temperature and stirring, and adjusting the pile turning frequency of the stirring assembly according to the temperature detected by the temperature sensor.
Preferably, the carbon-nitrogen ratio in the pretreatment step of the composting raw material is 25:1-30:1, and the water content is 55-60%.
Preferably, in the temperature-controlled stirring step, the temperature of the materials is raised to be higher than 50 ℃ within 1 to 3 days, and the materials are kept for 5 to 10 days;
if the temperature is higher than 65 ℃ in the process, starting the stirring assembly to stir the material;
and after stirring, if the temperature is lower than 50 ℃, reducing the pile turning frequency, and turning the pile once every 2 to 3 days until the temperature rises to be higher than 50 ℃.
The invention has the following technical effects:
according to the aerobic composting reactor, through the arrangement of the solar power supply board, the air guide pipe, the microbial compound inoculant filling port and other structures, the electric energy consumed in the composting process can be saved, the microbial compound inoculant added into the microbial compound inoculant filling port can achieve the effects of deodorization and rapid decomposition, the tail gas treatment component at the air outlet end can achieve odorless discharge of tail gas, the air guide pipe at the lower end of the reactor can provide air for materials, the electric energy consumption is reduced, the energy-saving and environment-friendly effects are achieved in the whole composting process, the feces are treated to be harmless, the composting reactor is simple in structure and low in cost, and excessive manual operation is not needed.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an aerobic composting reactor of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the overall side structure of an aerobic composting reactor according to the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an overall plan view of an aerobic composting reactor according to the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an aerobic composting reactor tail gas treatment assembly of the present invention.
Wherein, 1, a reactor main body; 2. a filling port of the microbial compound inoculant; 3. a bleed pipe; 4. a screw agitator; 5. a discharge port; 6. a feeding port; 7. a temperature measuring port; 8. a fixed bracket; 9. fine meshes; 10. a heat-insulating layer; 11. a solar panel; 12. an air outlet; 13. a speed reducer; 14. a temperature sensor; 15. a scrubber tank; 16. a gas washing bottle.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
Referring to fig. 1-4, the invention discloses a passive ventilation type aerobic composting reactor device, which comprises a reactor main body 1, wherein the interior of the reactor main body 1 is of a hollow structure, a microbial compound inoculant filling opening 2 is formed in the top of the reactor main body 1, a tail gas treatment assembly is communicated with the top of the reactor main body 1, an air entraining structure is arranged at the bottom of the reactor main body 1, a feeding opening 6 is formed in the upper part of the side wall of the reactor main body 1, a temperature sensor 14 is arranged on the side wall of the reactor main body 1, part of the temperature sensor 14 extends into the reactor main body 1, a discharging opening 5 is formed in the lower part of the side wall of the reactor main body 1, the discharging opening 5 is positioned above the air entraining structure, and a stirring assembly is arranged in the reactor main body 1.
Further optimize the scheme, the bleed structure includes thin net 9 of fixed connection in 1 inner wall lower part of reactor main part, and 1 lateral wall bottom intercommunication of reactor main part has a plurality of bleed pipes 3, and the one end and the external world intercommunication of reactor main part 1 are kept away from to bleed pipe 3, and thin net 9 is located discharge gate 5 below. The number of the air-entraining pipes 3 is eight, which is to achieve the air quantity required by the decomposition of the materials and to make the materials aerobically compost.
The air-entraining pipe 3 can provide the required air quantity for the composting materials so as to achieve the air quantity required by microbial fermentation in the composting process and accelerate the composting process. The purpose of the fine grid 9 is to make the material aerated more uniformly, avoid producing the effect of local anaerobism, produce the foul smell.
Further optimize the scheme, the tail gas processing subassembly includes the scrubbing cylinder 15 of entrance point and the intercommunication of reactor main part 1 top, and the scrubbing cylinder 15 exit end intercommunication has the entrance point of scrubbing cylinder 16, and the exit end of scrubbing cylinder 16 is seted up at the top of scrubbing cylinder 16, and the entrance point of scrubbing cylinder 16 is seted up in the middle part of the 16 lateral walls of scrubbing cylinder.
The top of the reactor main body 1 is provided with an air outlet 12, the inlet end of the air washing tank 15 is communicated with the air outlet 12, and the air outlet 12 discharges redundant gas generated in the composting process to the outside of the reactor to prevent the reactor from exploding.
In a further optimized scheme, activated carbon is filled in the gas washing tank 15, and water is filled in the gas washing tank 16. The gas washing tank 15 and the gas washing tank 16 are used for further treatment of the odor discharged by the reactor, so that odorless discharge is achieved.
Further optimize the scheme, the stirring subassembly includes screw rod agitator 4, and the pivot of screw rod agitator 4 passes bleed structure and reactor main part 1's bottom surface and transmission and is connected with the drive division, and drive division electric connection has solar panel 11. The bottom of fine net 9 and reactor main part 1 is passed in the pivot of screw agitator 4, and the drive division includes the motor, motor and solar panel 11 electric connection, and the output shaft coupling of motor has reduction gear 13, and the output shaft of reduction gear 13 and the pivot coupling of screw agitator 4.
According to the further optimized scheme, the shell of the reactor main body 1 is of a hollow structure, the shell of the reactor main body 1 is filled with the heat insulation layer 10, and the shell of the reactor main body 1 is made of an anti-corrosion material. The outer shell of the reactor main body 1 is made of anti-corrosion 304 stainless steel, so that the service life of the reactor is prolonged. The heat-insulating layer 10 is made of polyurethane, so that a good heat-insulating effect can be achieved, and the materials can be rapidly heated to reach the rotten stage.
The top of the reactor main body 1 is shaped like a cone with a bottom angle of 45 degrees, water vapor is generated in the material composting process, the water vapor rises to meet the top of the conical cover and is condensed into small liquid drops, and then the small liquid drops flow back to the material through the inclined angle, so that the nitrogen loss is reduced, and the quality of the composting finished product is improved.
The outer fixed surface of the reactor main body 1 is fixedly connected with the fixed support 8, the fixed support 8 and the cement base are fixedly connected to play a role in fixing the reactor, and the reactor can be lifted to the ground, so that the effect of reducing heat loss is achieved.
A use method of a passive ventilation type aerobic composting reactor device is based on the passive ventilation type aerobic composting reactor device and comprises the following steps:
pretreating compost raw materials, and adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio and the water content of animal wastes and straws; in the embodiment, cow dung and corn straws are preferably proportioned.
Adding materials, namely adding the prepared cow dung and the corn straws into the reactor main body 1 through a feeding port 6;
adding microorganisms, and spraying the microbial compound inoculum above the material through a microbial compound inoculum filling port 2;
stirring the materials, starting the stirring assembly, and stirring the materials in the reactor main body 1;
controlling the temperature and stirring, and adjusting the pile turning frequency of the stirring assembly according to the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 14.
In the further optimization scheme, the carbon-nitrogen ratio in the pretreatment step of the compost raw materials is 25:1-30:1, the water content is 55-60%.
Further optimizing the scheme, in the temperature-controlled stirring step, the temperature of the materials is raised to be more than 50 ℃ within 1 to 3 days, and the materials are kept for 5 to 10 days;
if the temperature is higher than 65 ℃ in the process, starting the stirring assembly to stir the material;
and after stirring, if the temperature is lower than 50 ℃, reducing the pile turning frequency, and turning the pile once every 2 to 3 days until the temperature rises to be higher than 50 ℃.
The specific operation process of the invention is as follows:
the method comprises the steps of pretreating compost raw materials before composting begins, firstly adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio of cow dung to 25-30/1 of corn straws, then adjusting the water content to 55-60%, adding materials into a reactor main body 1 from a feeding port 6, spraying a prepared microbial compound inoculant above the materials from a microbial compound inoculant filling port 2, starting a motor by using a solar panel 11 after pretreatment, driving a screw stirrer 4 to turn the materials, observing the temperature of the materials in the reactor main body 1 in real time through a temperature sensor 14 in the composting process, judging the rotten stage of the materials, and taking out compost finished products from a discharge port 5 until the composting is finished.
The working principle is as follows: the passive ventilation is to diffuse external air into the reactor main body 1 by using the difference in oxygen concentration, the difference in temperature, and the action of wind inside and outside the reactor main body 1. When the bleed air pipe 3 sucks in outside air, it is possible to introduce the outside air into the bottom of the material and to aerate the material uniformly through the fine mesh 9, the amount of air required for the material having been reached.
The working principle of the tail gas treatment assembly is as follows: the tail gas treatment component is composed of a gas washing tank 15 filled with active carbon and a gas washing tank 16 filled with water, and absorbs malodorous gases such as ammonia gas and hydrogen sulfide.
According to the temperature change, the temperature of the materials can be raised to more than 50 ℃ within 1-3 days, the materials are kept at the high temperature for 5-10 days, if the temperature is higher than 65 ℃, the screw stirrer 4 needs to be started immediately to stir the materials, the phenomenon that the microorganism is dead due to overhigh temperature and the composting effect is influenced is avoided, if the temperature of the pile body is lower than 50 ℃, the pile turning frequency can be reduced, and the pile turning is carried out once every 2-3 days until the temperature is raised to more than 50 ℃. The composting period is expected to be shortened by half compared with the period of the common traditional strip-stack type composting by using the device of the invention, and the odor is obviously reduced.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used merely for convenience in describing the present invention, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element so referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.
Claims (3)
1. A passive ventilation type aerobic composting reactor device is characterized by comprising a reactor main body (1), wherein the inside of the reactor main body (1) is of a hollow structure, a microbial compound inoculant filling port (2) is formed in the top of the reactor main body (1), a tail gas treatment assembly is communicated with the top of the reactor main body (1), an air entraining structure is arranged at the bottom of the reactor main body (1), a feeding port (6) is formed in the upper part of the side wall of the reactor main body (1), a temperature sensor (14) is arranged on the side wall of the reactor main body (1), part of the temperature sensor (14) extends into the reactor main body (1), a discharging port (5) is formed in the lower part of the side wall of the reactor main body (1), the discharging port (5) is positioned above the air entraining structure, and a stirring assembly is arranged in the reactor main body (1); the gas-leading structure comprises a fine grid (9) fixedly connected to the lower portion of the inner wall of the reactor main body (1), the bottom of the side wall of the reactor main body (1) is communicated with a plurality of gas-leading pipes (3), the number of the gas-leading pipes (3) is eight, one end, far away from the reactor main body (1), of each gas-leading pipe (3) is communicated with the outside, and the fine grid (9) is located below the discharge hole (5); the tail gas treatment component comprises a gas washing tank (15) with an inlet end communicated with the top of the reactor main body (1), the outlet end of the gas washing tank (15) is communicated with the inlet end of a gas washing bottle (16), the outlet end of the gas washing bottle (16) is arranged at the top of the gas washing bottle (16), the inlet end of the gas washing bottle (16) is arranged in the middle of the side wall of the gas washing bottle (16), the stirring component comprises a screw stirrer (4), a rotating shaft of the screw stirrer (4) penetrates through the air entraining structure and the bottom surface of the reactor main body (1) and is in transmission connection with a driving part, the driving part is electrically connected with a solar panel (11), the top of the reactor main body (1) is in a cone shape with a bottom angle of 45 degrees, the screw stirrer comprises a screw rod, a first spiral belt and a second spiral belt are fixedly connected outside the screw rod, the first spiral belt and the second spiral belt are coaxially arranged, the diameter of the first spiral belt is larger than that of the second spiral belt, activated carbon is filled in the gas washing tank (15);
a use method of a passive ventilation type aerobic composting reactor device comprises the following steps:
pretreating compost raw materials, and adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio and the water content of animal wastes and straws;
adding materials, namely adding the prepared animal wastes and straws into the reactor main body (1) through the feeding port (6);
adding microorganisms, namely spraying the microbial compound inoculum above the material through the microbial compound inoculum filling port (2);
stirring materials, starting the stirring assembly, and stirring the materials in the reactor main body (1); controlling temperature and stirring, and adjusting the pile turning frequency of the stirring assembly according to the temperature detected by the temperature sensor (14);
in the temperature-controlled stirring step, the temperature of the materials is raised to be more than 50 ℃ within 1 to 3 days, and the materials are kept for 5 to 10 days;
if the temperature is higher than 65 ℃ in the process, starting the stirring assembly to stir the material;
and after stirring, if the temperature is lower than 50 ℃, reducing the pile turning frequency, and turning the pile once every 2 to 3 days until the temperature rises to be higher than 50 ℃.
2. A passive ventilation aerobic composting reactor device according to claim 1 wherein the outer shell of the reactor body (1) is hollow, the outer shell of the reactor body (1) is filled with insulation (10), and the outer shell of the reactor body (1) is made of corrosion-resistant material.
3. The method of using a passive ventilated aerobic composting reactor device of claim 1 wherein the carbon to nitrogen ratio in the composting material pretreatment step is 25:1-30:1, and the water content is 55-60%.
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| CN210419793U (en) * | 2019-04-26 | 2020-04-28 | 湖南锦佳环保科技有限公司 | Fertilizer compost fermenting installation |
| CN111116248A (en) * | 2020-02-27 | 2020-05-08 | 浙江大学 | Composting reactor capable of automatically adding compound microbial agent and method thereof |
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| CN101830745B (en) * | 2010-05-10 | 2012-10-03 | 中国农业大学 | Device and method for simulating aerobic composting process |
| CN205741155U (en) * | 2016-05-19 | 2016-11-30 | 昆明理工大学 | A kind of device of the mercurous refuse of microwave treatment |
| CN210410057U (en) * | 2019-03-18 | 2020-04-28 | 西安航空制动科技有限公司 | Tail gas treatment device of chemical vapor deposition furnace |
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| CN210419793U (en) * | 2019-04-26 | 2020-04-28 | 湖南锦佳环保科技有限公司 | Fertilizer compost fermenting installation |
| CN111116248A (en) * | 2020-02-27 | 2020-05-08 | 浙江大学 | Composting reactor capable of automatically adding compound microbial agent and method thereof |
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