CN114176047B - Breeding method for inchworm of tung tree with long distance and brood - Google Patents
Breeding method for inchworm of tung tree with long distance and brood Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of biological control of agricultural pests and discloses a breeding method of a great distance brood of a great wall-plant inchworm, which comprises breeding of the great wall-plant inchworm, parasitism of the great wall-plant inchworm and batch breeding of the great wall-plant inchworm; and parasitizing the great distance brood of the aleurites fordii on the body surface of the larva of the aleurites fordii, and carrying out batch breeding of the great distance brood of the aleurites fordii after the great distance brood of the aleurites fordii is parasitized. According to the invention, the larva of the aleriope myrtle is utilized to breed the longdistance brood of the aleriope myrtle in a large scale, and when insect damage of the aleriope myrtle occurs, the larva of the aleriope myrtle is released to a forest area where the aleriope myrtle is harmful, so that green prevention and control are realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of biological control of agricultural pests, in particular to a breeding method of a great-distance brood of geometrid of tung oil tree.
Background
The inchworm (Buzura suppressaria Guenee) belongs to lepidoptera ulnara moth, also called ulnara moth, ulnara moth and ulnara moth, and is one of important pests in the forest industry in China. The insects generate 3-4 generations in one year, and the overlapping phenomenon of the insect ages is serious. The inchworm of the tung tree has strong fertility and large larva feeding capacity, and when the inchworm of the tung tree takes place in a large area by taking the leaf of the crop as a hazard, the whole tree leaves are eaten like fire, so that the tree cannot normally carry out photosynthesis, and the growth and the survival of the tree are directly threatened. The host of the inchworm of the tung tree is plants such as the tung tree, eucalyptus, tea-oil camellia, tea tree, citrus, loquat and the like, and the inchworm of the tung tree is frequent in the summer and autumn. In recent years, the insect has become one of the main pests of economic forests in vast provincial areas such as Sichuan, chongqing, fujian, zhejiang, jiangxi, hunan and Guangdong in China.
The prevention and control method of the tung tree inchworm mainly comprises physical prevention and control, chemical prevention and control and biological prevention and control, wherein the physical prevention and control mainly comprises deep-ploughing and pupa killing, artificial pupa digging, trap lamp trapping and killing and the like, but the physical prevention and control has larger artificial investment and poor effect. Chemical control mainly uses chemical agents to kill insects, but residues of the chemical agents can leave hidden danger for fruit and vegetable safety. Biological control is high in safety and good in insecticidal effect, and recently, the biological control is attracting more attention. A great deal of research is carried out on the prevention and treatment of the tung oil tree loopers at home and abroad, and the natural enemies of the tung oil tree loopers are found to specifically comprise parasitic bees, birds, nuclear polyhedrosis viruses and the like. However, due to the hysteresis effect of natural enemies, natural enemies cannot well control the outbreak and popularity of the tung tree loopers. Among the natural enemies of the commercial tung oil tree loopers, the nuclear polyhedrosis virus is most widely used. However, the release of the nuclear polyhedrosis virus has high requirements on environmental conditions and requires specific temperature and humidity, so that the release is quite limited in actual use and the effect is unsatisfactory. The long-distance hornet (Euplectrus sp.) belongs to Euplechter of Hymenoptera Ji Xiaofeng family Euplophidae genus Euplectrus, is an in vitro parasitic wasp for the inchworm of Aleurites fordii, is a dominant parasitic wasp which is found to be better by the pests of Aleurites fordii, but the research on the biological characteristics of the inchworm of Aleurites fordii long-distance hornet is not reported at present, and the related research on large-scale breeding of the inchworm of Aleurites fordii long-distance Ji hornet is also lacking.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a breeding method of a great distance brood of a great inchworm of tung tree so as to realize batch breeding and further realize effective biological control of the great inchworm of tung tree.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the breeding method of the great distance brood of the aleurites fordii comprises breeding of the great distance brood of the aleurites fordii, parasitism of the great distance brood of the aleurites fordii and batch breeding of the great distance brood of the aleurites fordii; and parasitizing the great distance brood of the aleurites fordii on the body surface of the larva of the aleurites fordii, and carrying out batch breeding of the great distance brood of the aleurites fordii after the great distance brood of the aleurites fordii is parasitized.
The principle and the advantages of the scheme are as follows: in practical application, in the technical scheme, from the perspective of biological control of the tung tree loopers, the tung tree loopers are in-vitro dominant parasitic bees of the tung tree loopers, but when the tung tree loopers are damaged, the tung tree loopers are limited in space and quantity, and the tung tree loopers are insufficient to deal with large-scale damage. However, the artificial large-scale breeding process of the inchworm of the tung tree with long distance and the brood of the Ji is not reported due to the research blind area in the industry. Based on the above, the technical proposal provides experiments of years of intensive research and earlier research of subject groups for the first time, and the method utilizes the larva of the geometrid of the aleurites fordii to breed the geometrid of the great distance of the brood of the aleurites fordii in a large scale under indoor controllable conditions, and the research discovers that, the average spawning quantity of the single-head inchworm longdistance brood reaches about 70 grains, and the maximum spawning quantity of the inchworm longdistance brood reaches about 140 grains, and the inchworm longdistance brood is parasitic on the body surface of the inchworm larva in an in-vitro parasitic gathering mode, and the inchworm body fluid of the inchworm is absorbed to form a cocoon for eclosion. Therefore, large-scale breeding can be realized, and when the insect damage of the tung tree loopers occurs, the insect damage of the tung tree loopers is released to a forest zone where the insect damage of the tung tree loopers occurs, so that green prevention and control are realized.
Preferably, as an improvement, the larva of the tung oil geometrid parasitized by the long-distance broomcorn oil geometrid is a three-instar larva.
In the technical scheme, the inchworm of the tung tree is an in-vitro parasitic wasp of the inchworm of the tung tree, the difficulty of breeding is how to improve the parasitic rate and the hatching rate, and based on the technical scheme, the inventor researches from the angles of host age and hatching conditions according to the experience of earlier research. Through researches, the parasitic rate of the three-instar larvae is maximum and is about 56%, the parasitic rate is obviously higher than that of other instar larvae, and the hatching rate of the long-distance broomcorn hornet can be improved through the cooperative optimization with the later hatching environmental conditions.
Preferably, as an improvement, the culture condition after the parasitism of the inchworm of the tung tree is that the indoor illumination L is D=16:8, the temperature is 25+/-3 ℃, the humidity is 75+/-5%, the inchworm of the tung tree is hatched after the parasitism is 35-45h, and cocoons are formed after 3.5-4.5D after the parasitism.
According to the technical scheme, after the long-distance brood of the aleurites fordii is parasitized on the body surface of the larva of the aleurites fordii, the larva is treated as the start of incubation and culture, the culture condition is another key factor influencing the hatching rate of the long-distance brood of the aleurites fordii, the hatching rate of eggs of the long-distance brood of the aleurites fordii can be ensured by controlling and controlling the culture condition after the parasitizing of the long-distance brood of the aleurites fordii, the incubation time is shortened, and the larva can be quickly cocooning after incubation, so that the survival rate of the long-distance brood of the aleurites fordii can be ensured.
Preferably, as an improvement, the inchworm of the tung tree is fed with the vegetable aphid honeydew, when the vegetable aphid honeydew is insufficient, the honey water is sprayed as a food source for supplementing, and the concentration of the honey water is 8-10%.
According to the technical scheme, experiments prove that the growth state of the geometrid of the tung tree is good by utilizing the aphis nectar dew, and in the actual culture process, when the aphis nectar dew is insufficient, honey water with the concentration of 8-10% can be sprayed to serve as food source nutrition supplement.
Preferably, as an improvement, the breeding of the tung oil tree loopers comprises pupa selection, hatching and eclosion of the tung oil tree loopers, feeding the tung oil tree loopers and collecting eggs of the tung oil tree loopers.
According to the technical scheme, the method comprises the steps of collecting the pupas of the tung tree geometrid in an outdoor eucalyptus forest zone, selecting the pupas which are harmless and big in size to hatch, spawning when the pupas are eclosion to adults, collecting the produced eggs of the tung tree geometrid, and then feeding the eggs to three years old, so that the method is used for parasitizing the long-distance hornet tree of the tung tree geometrid, breeding natural enemy insects by using the insects, and reacting the bred natural enemy insects to the insects, thereby realizing effective biological control.
Preferably, as an improvement, in the breeding process of the aleurites fordii, feeding with eucalyptus branches, and carrying out tree arching method on the eucalyptus before the eucalyptus branches are collected, wherein the operation steps of tree arching method shaping are as follows: the top of the eucalyptus is cut off, and the eucalyptus is bent and fixed by external force.
In this technical scheme, because the feed intake of aleurites fordii to the eucalyptus leaf is very big, need guarantee sufficient eucalyptus branch source, through cutting off the top of eucalyptus, can get rid of top advantage, then fix eucalyptus through external force bending, tie up eucalyptus top and then pull-down bending usually with the nylon rope, so available auxin makes the bight grow a large amount of new branches, can satisfy the requirement of tender branch quantity on the one hand, on the other hand also can make things convenient for the collection of eucalyptus branch. Through spraying the honey water on eucalyptus branches, a nutrient source can be provided for the long-distance brood of the geometrid of the oil tung tree.
Preferably, as an improvement, after the hatching eclosion of the tung tree inchworm, the inchworm larva is raised, and the eucalyptus branches are placed on the feeding auxiliary device when the inchworm larva is raised, the feeding auxiliary device comprises a base, a manual winch, a support frame and a placement cup, the manual winch is rotationally connected on the base, the outer wall circumference of the manual winch is provided with meshing teeth, the support frame is provided with two, the two support frames are vertically and slidingly connected on the base, the two support frames are respectively meshed on two side parts of the manual winch, the placement cup is provided with two placement cups, and the two placement cups are respectively installed on the top ends of the support frames.
When the tung tree loopers are fed, the freshness of eucalyptus branches has a great influence on feeding of the tung tree loopers. In this technical scheme, feeding auxiliary device mainly used keeps the fresh of eucalyptus leaf, avoids eucalyptus leaf to become dry because of the water transpiration. When the eucalyptus leaf feeding auxiliary device is used, clear water is placed in the placement cup, eucalyptus leaves are placed on the feeding auxiliary device, and then one of the support frames moves upwards and the other support frame moves downwards through rotating the manual winch, and the water in the downwards moved support frame can ensure the air humidity in the area near the eucalyptus leaves, so that the drying of the eucalyptus leaves is delayed. Experiments prove that under the condition of the preservation in the mode, eucalyptus leaves can still supply oil to the inchworm for feeding after being placed for 7 days, and the fallen leaf time can be correspondingly prolonged.
Preferably, as an improvement, when the tung oil tree loopers are hatched, soil is covered above the loopers pupae, and the hatching environment condition is that the temperature is 25+/-2 ℃ and the soil humidity is 70+/-5%; after the eclosion of the inchworm of the tung tree, the adult breeding environment condition is that the indoor illumination L is D=16:8, the temperature is 19-29 ℃, and the humidity is 75+/-5%.
According to the technical scheme, through optimizing the conditions of the hatching of the inchworm pupas of the tung tree and the adult feeding environment, the hatching rate of the inchworm of the tung tree can be ensured, the egg calendar period is shortened, the good growth of the adults is ensured, and the adults can lay eggs as soon as possible.
Preferably, as an improvement, after the inchworm of the tung tree is eclosion, the inchworm of the tung tree is collected by utilizing an egg collecting device, wherein the egg collecting device is a cylinder formed by single-pit double-layer corrugated paper, the diameter of the cylinder is 20cm, and the height of the cylinder is 80cm.
In the technical scheme, the egg collecting device is mainly used for spawning and collecting of the tung tree loopers, and the appearance shape of the egg collecting device is similar to the shape of bark by rolling corrugated paper into a cylinder shape and combining the corrugated paper on the surface of the corrugated paper. The female aleurites fordii has better spawning tendency, and experiments prove that the spawning quantity on the spawning device is approximately 5 times of that of eucalyptus branches/leaves under the premise of controlling other conditions to be unchanged, and spawning blocks are in a scattered band shape, so that the parasitic effect of the aleurites fordii longdistance brood to eggs is facilitated, and the parasitic rate of the aleurites fordii longdistance brood fordii is further improved.
Preferably, as an improvement, the parasitic larva of the inchworm of the tung tree is preserved before the batch breeding of the inchworm of the tung tree with long distance of the brood of the cornus tree, wherein the preservation condition is that the temperature is 20-28 ℃ and the humidity is 70-75%; when the growth and breeding of the great distance brood of the tung tree geometrid are required to be delayed, the great distance brood of the great distance brood is preserved at the temperature of 4-5 ℃.
In the technical scheme, the proper increase of the breeding temperature can effectively shorten the development duration of the inchworm of the tung tree, reduce the breeding temperature, prolong the development duration of the inchworm of the tung tree, be used as a preservation mode and realize the growth cycle regulation of the inchworm of the tung tree. Refrigerating and preserving the successfully parasitized larva of the inchworm of the tung tree, releasing the larva of the inchworm of the tung tree before the pest full period of the inchworm of the tung tree, and performing biological control. Experiments prove that under the preservation condition, when the inchworm of the tung tree is bred later, the egg calendar period and the egg hatching rate are not affected basically, and the hatching rate can still be maintained to be more than 70%.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an egg collecting device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a front cross-sectional view of a feeding aid in an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The following is a further detailed description of the embodiments:
reference numerals in the drawings of the specification include: base 1, manual capstan 2, support frame 3, place cup 4, tooth 5, collection ovum device 6.
Example 1
A breeding method of a great distance brood of a tung tree inchworm comprises the following steps:
step I: land reclamation and eucalyptus seedling field planting management
Selecting a land with a gentle topography, and deep ploughing the land by using the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and the decomposed organic fertilizer as base fertilizers. A row of eucalyptus seedlings are planted at intervals of 1.2 meters, and each row is controlled to have a plant spacing of 1.2 meters. And ditches with the depth of 500-600 a are dug among each row, and the dug soil is planted at the roots of eucalyptus seedlings, so that later fertilization and irrigation are facilitated.
After field planting, supplementing seedlings according to the survival condition of eucalyptus seedlings, and cutting off the tops after the eucalyptus seedlings grow for one year and reach a height of 6-8 meters. The top end of the eucalyptus is bound by the nylon rope, the other end of the rope is embedded into soil by a ground nail, a mode of shaping by a bow tree method is adopted, and a large number of tender branches can grow at the bent position of the eucalyptus stem by utilizing auxin in a plant body and the principle of growth upwards, so that eucalyptus leaves can be collected conveniently. Fertilizing, irrigating and pest control are carried out on eucalyptus trees during the period of pruning branches, and detailed description is omitted here.
Step II: the method comprises the steps of preparing feeding equipment, wherein the feeding equipment comprises an aleriope myrtle imago feeding cage, an aleriope myrtle larva feeding auxiliary device, an aleriope myrtle pupa collecting tray, an aleriope myrtle ovum and pupa hatching device, an aleriope myrtle corrugated paper ovum collecting device, an aleriope myrtle long-distance brood feeding cage and a bee absorber for collecting aleriope myrtle long-distance brood.
The adult raising cage for aleurites fordii is characterized in that 100-mesh nylon gauze is used for enclosing each surface of the solid cage, agricultural films are paved at the bottom of the solid cage, waste materials and products such as insect manure and fallen leaves are conveniently collected, and a U-shaped zipper opening is formed in the front of the solid cage, so that manual operation is facilitated. The size specification of the inchworm-shaped oil tree adult rearing cage is 1 x 1m. The cages are supported by stainless steel frames, and two layers of the cages are folded upwards, so that the space is saved.
The larva raising cage for the aleurites fordii is characterized in that 100-mesh nylon gauze is used for enclosing each side of the larva raising cage, agricultural films are paved at the bottom of the larva raising cage, waste products such as insect manure and fallen leaves are conveniently collected, and a U-shaped zipper opening is formed in the front of the larva raising cage, so that manual operation is facilitated. The size specification of the larva rearing cage of the inchworm of the tung tree is 2 x 2m. And a 250W high-pressure sodium lamp is arranged on the upper part of the cage, so that the larvae can avoid the branches with fresh eucalyptus leaves from the branches of the previously placed eucalyptus trees by utilizing the characteristic that the larvae of the tung tree are hard to light, and the residual eucalyptus branches after the larvae are placed before feeding are removed, so that the operation of manually transferring the larvae is further omitted.
The auxiliary feeding device for the larva of the aleurites fordii is characterized in that a eucalyptus tender branch collected from a eucalyptus planting base is placed on the auxiliary feeding device, and a high-pressure sodium lamp is turned on, so that the larva is transferred from the eucalyptus branch placed in a cup at the upper part to a fresh eucalyptus tender branch placed at the lower part of the auxiliary feeding device. As shown in fig. 2, the auxiliary device for feeding the larva of the aleurites fordii (hereinafter referred to as feeding auxiliary device) comprises a base 1, a manual winch 2, a supporting frame 3 and a placing cup 4, wherein the manual winch 2 is rotationally connected to the base 1, the circumferential direction of the outer wall of the manual winch 2 is provided with a tooth 5, the supporting frame 3 is provided with two supporting frames, the two supporting frames 3 are vertically and slidingly connected to the base 1, the two supporting frames 3 are respectively meshed with the two side parts of the manual winch 2, the placing cup 4 is provided with two supporting frames, and the two placing cups 4 are respectively arranged at the top ends of the supporting frames 3. Clean water is filled in the placing cup 4 to supplement the water steaming of eucalyptus leaves.
The size specification of the inchworm of the tung tree is 1m in length, width and height and 0.15m in 1m, the plastic square plate with the open top is paved with field soil with the thickness of 5-7cm inside the inchworm of the tung tree, so that mature larvae can conveniently drill into the soil to build a room for pupation.
The hatching device is used for controlling the stability of hatching conditions, improving the hatching rate and the eclosion rate of eggs, and being beneficial to the relative unification of the breeding basic tone of the inchworm of the tung tree, and is hereinafter called as a hatching device for short. The hatching device mainly comprises a supporting frame, a timer, a fan, a humidifier, a temperature and humidity sensor, a heating backing plate, a plastic box and the like. The timer, the fan, the humidifier, the temperature and humidity sensor, the heating base plate and the plastic box are all commercial products.
The inchworm corrugated paper egg collecting device has certain fine stripes on the surface, so that the spawning blocks are not too tight. According to tail size and spawning characteristics of the inchworm of the tung tree, the egg collecting device 6 is determined to be a cylinder with the diameter of 20cm and the height of 80cm similar to a trunk shape by rolling single-pit double-layer corrugated paper (plane paperboard+corrugated paper, pit height of 2.5mm and corrugated number of 50/30 cm), so that the inchworm of the tung tree can spawn conveniently, hereinafter, the egg collecting device 6 is abbreviated as shown in the structure of fig. 1.
The geometrid long-distance brood rearing cage is characterized in that 100-mesh nylon gauze is used for enclosing each surface of the solid cage, agricultural films are paved at the bottom of the cage, products such as waste materials are convenient to collect and clean, and a U-shaped zipper opening is formed in the front of the cage, so that manual operation is convenient. The size specification of the inchworm longdistance brood rearing cage is 1m. The cages are supported by stainless steel frames and are folded upwards for 2 layers, so that the space is saved.
The bee absorber is used for collecting the long-distance brood of the tung tree inchworm, and the negative pressure generated by the fan is utilized to intensively absorb the long-distance brood of the tung tree inchworm into a 100-mesh nylon gauze bag from the rearing cage, so that the transport and the field release are facilitated. The market can be purchased, and specific parameters are not described herein, and can be selected by the user during actual application.
Step III: breeding of inchworm of tung tree
The breeding of the tung oil tree loopers comprises pupa selection, hatching and eclosion of the tung oil tree loopers, feeding of the tung oil tree loopers and egg collection of the tung oil tree loopers.
Selecting pupa: the method comprises the steps of collecting the inchworm pupae of the tung tree in an outdoor eucalyptus forest zone, selecting the pupae which is harmless and big in body type, placing the pupae in a plastic box paved with loose soil, and covering the pupae with the soil to a depth of about 3 cm.
Hatching and eclosion of the inchworm of the tung tree: placing the box filled with the pupas of the aleurites fordii in an aleurites fordii pupa hatching device, controlling the temperature to be 25+/-2 ℃ and the soil humidity to be 70+/-5%, setting a timer, starting an exhaust fan for 10min every 12h, and controlling the exhaust fan, a heating backing plate and a humidifier by using a temperature and humidity sensor to ensure that the pupa hatching environment in the device reaches a set value effect.
After 5-7 days, observing that the tung oil tree loopers are eclosion, screening 50 head tung oil tree loopers with a proportion of 1:1 of male and female adults, transferring the queen oil tree loopers into an indoor tung oil tree loopers rearing cage, and controlling indoor illumination L to D=16:8, wherein the temperature is 25+/-3 ℃, and the humidity is 75+/-5%.
Feeding the tung oil tree loopers: placing a feeding auxiliary device and an egg collecting device 6 in a feeding cage, adding clear water into two placing cups 4 of the feeding auxiliary device, and placing eucalyptus tender branches with fresh tender leaves. During the period, a tray for pouring clear water is added into the rearing cage, a piece of sponge with proper size is put into the tray, and the adult inchworm of the tung tree is supplied with oil to stop. Spraying 10% of honey water on fresh young leaves of eucalyptus by using a spray can to supply oil to the adults of the inchworm for feeding.
Egg collection of the inchworm of tung tree: after eclosion, the adults of the inchworm of the tung tree can finish mating and spawning within 48 hours, and the adults are produced for 4-5 times. The egg collecting device 6 is used for collecting egg blocks, the egg collecting device 6 is a cylinder which is formed by single-pit double-layer corrugated paper, has the diameter of 20cm and the height of 80cm and is similar to a trunk shape, and the depth of pits between the ridges is 2.5mm due to dense corrugated numbers, so that the surface is uneven, and the appearance is similar to the shape of bark.
Part of the inchworm eggs of the tung tree are used for hatching and seed reserving, and propagation of the inchworm of the tung tree is completed; another part is cultivated to three ages for breeding the inchworm of the tung tree with long distance and the brood of the Ji. 2000 eggs of different egg blocks on corrugated paper are cut by a craft knife and placed in an incubation device, and the temperature is controlled to be 25+/-2 ℃ and the air humidity is controlled to be 70+/-5%. Setting a timer, starting the exhaust fan for 3min every 6h, and controlling the exhaust fan, the heating backing plate and the humidifier by using a temperature and humidity sensor.
After 5 days, observing whether the color of the egg grain of the tung tree looper turns grey or black, and hatching the larva of the tung tree looper within 24 hours after the color of the egg grain turns grey. Indoor illumination L is controlled to be D=16:8, the temperature is 25+/-3 ℃, and the humidity is 75+/-5%. A cup (without water) is placed at the upper part of the feeding auxiliary device, and the tender branches of eucalyptus with fresh tender leaves are inserted. The color-changed egg blocks are hung on eucalyptus shoots in a raising cage one day in advance, and the larvae automatically forge after hatching. After 2 days of feeding, eucalyptus leaves become dry due to water transpiration, at the moment, eucalyptus tender branches and leaves are inserted into a lower placing cup, and the larvae can climb and migrate to fresh tender leaves independently. The manual winch is rotated to enable the two placement cups 4 to move up and down relatively, and the newly added eucalyptus twig is always arranged at the lower part of the eucalyptus branch added at the previous time.
After continuous feeding for 12-16 days, the larva of the inchworm of the tung tree enters a three-age stage. And (3) starting high-pressure sodium lamps to emit strong light, so that the larvae of the aleurites fordii on eucalyptus branches placed in the cup at the top are searched for shading, and climbing eucalyptus tender branches newly inserted in the cup is placed at the lower part, thereby completing the transfer of the three-instar larvae. The third-instar larvae are used for large-scale breeding of the inchworm of the tung tree with long distance Ji Xiaofeng for parasitism, and proved by experiments, the instar larvae have good parasitism effect and high survival rate.
Step IV: large-scale breeding of inchworm of tung oil tree and long-distance brood of Ji
The inchworm of the tung tree is provided by the agricultural academy of Chongqing, and the female bee ratio accounts for 60% of the total amount. Mating the feed in an indoor breeding cage for the inchworm of the tung tree with long distance and the brood, controlling indoor illumination L to D=16:8, controlling the temperature to 25+/-3 ℃ and controlling the humidity to 75+/-5%. And placing a feeding auxiliary device in the feeding cage. Fresh water is added into two placement cups 4 of the feeding auxiliary device, and eucalyptus tender branches with fresh tender leaves are placed. Spraying 10% of honey water on eucalyptus leaves, adding a tray filled with clear water into a raising cage during the period, properly supplementing water, putting a sponge with proper size into the tray, and stopping feeding the long-distance brood of the inchworm of the tung tree. Placing a cabbage seedling tray with cabbage aphids, and feeding the cabbage seedlings by using honeydew generated by the cabbage aphids to supply oil to the longdistance brood of the tung geometrid.
The method comprises the steps of placing three-instar larvae of the inchworm of the tung tree in a breeding cage of the inchworm of the tung tree with long distance and the gill wasp with long distance, and feeding the parasitism of the inchworm of the tung tree with long distance and the gill wasp with the long distance. The number of single female spawning grains of the inchworm of the tung tree is about 70 grains, and the first week of spawning is the spawning peak period of the inchworm of the tung tree, which accounts for about 75% of the total spawning. The method comprises the steps that the inchworm of the tung tree is parasitized on the body surface of the inchworm of the tung tree, indoor illumination L is controlled to be D=16:8 after the inchworm of the tung tree is parasitized, the temperature is 25+/-3 ℃, and the humidity is 75+/-5% for hatching and culturing. The brood of the long-distance brood of the Ji is hatched after about 40 hours, cocooning can be carried out after 4 days of larva hatching, about 5.5-6 days are needed from cocooning to eclosion to be adults, and during the period, the brood of the Ji brood of the Mallotus japonicus is fed with body fluid of the Mallotus japonicus, and the larva of the Aldrich is not pupated after being parasitized.
The breeding temperature is properly increased, so that the development duration of the inchworm of the tung tree with long distance and the brood of the Ji can be effectively shortened. Controlling the temperature to 28 ℃ and the humidity to be about 75%, and enabling the inchworm of the tung tree to develop the eggs, the larvae, the pupae and the eclosion of the long-distance brood of the Ji tree into the total period of the adults for about 9-10 days.
After being cultivated indoors for 5 days and cultivated in an incubation device for 2 days, the eggs are taken out and placed in a breeding cage of the great distance brood of the tung oil geometrid, and then the egg shells are drilled out by the great distance brood of the tung oil geometrid within 3-4 days to finish eclosion. Indoor illumination L is controlled to be D=16:8, the temperature is 25+/-3 ℃, and the humidity is 75+/-5%. Placing feeding auxiliary devices in a feeding cage, adding clear water into two placing cups of the feeding auxiliary devices, placing a cabbage seedling tray with cabbage aphids, and feeding the cabbage aphids by using honeydew produced by the cabbage aphids to supply oil to the inchworm long-distance brood of the tung tree. When the honeydew is insufficient, 10% honey water is sprayed on the seedling tray, and the feed source of the brood is properly supplemented.
And (3) collecting inchworm larvae parasitizing the long-distance brood pupae, and refrigerating and storing the inchworm larvae together with eucalyptus leaves at the temperature of 4-5 ℃ to realize growth regulation and control, so that the inchworm larvae are convenient to breed in batches before the insect pest outbreak of the inchworm in the later period.
Step V: biological control of field inchworm of tung tree by releasing inchworm of tung tree from long distance of hornet of Ji tree
After the breeding step of the great distance brood of the tung tree inchworm is finished, breeding the great distance brood population of the tung tree inchworm to a certain scale, collecting the great distance brood of the tung tree inchworm from a raising cage by using a bee absorber, and conveying the great distance brood of the tung tree inchworm to a forest zone for biological control of the tung tree inchworm.
According to the monitoring statistics of the geometrid of the tree-shaped area every year, the development duration of the geometrid of the tree-shaped area is shortened or prolonged through the preservation of the adult bees, larvae and pupae of the geometrid of the tree-shaped area at a long distance Ji Xiaofeng, and the control timeliness can be effectively improved. In order to avoid wastage caused by blind bee laying, corresponding prevention measures are formulated according to the damage condition of the tree-tung geometrid in the forest area, so that the prevention effect can be effectively improved, and the breeding cost is further saved.
According to the investigation and discovery of the damage of the tung oil tree inchworm in the forest area of the past year, the method comprises the following steps: normally, the aleurites fordii is used for wintering in the soil, adult eclosion and spawning are carried out in 3-4 months of the next year, and four stages of 4 months to 5 months, 6 months to 7 months, 7 months to 8 months and 9 months to 10 months are taken as the hazard period, and the hazard degree is the heaviest under the condition of no intervention of people. In the first wave and insect pest heavier period of 4-5 months, the sunny slope is fully illuminated, the tung oil tree loopers first eclosion and the earliest hazard discovery are carried out. The damage degree is the heaviest if insect pest occurs and is not interfered by people. Therefore, the indoor breeding of the inchworm of the tung tree with long distance and the Ji wasp should be propagated on a large scale in 3 months, and the inchworm of the tung tree is put in a forest zone to the sunny slope at the beginning of 4 months under the condition of proper temperature according to the monitoring condition of the inchworm of the tung tree with the nuclear polyhedrosis virus of the inchworm of the tung tree for application. And 6 to 7 months are the heavy period of insect pest of the second tung oil tree inchworm, and the indoor breeding bees should be propagated in a large scale in 5 months. Similarly, the control of the brood of the long-distance brood of the Ji is carried out in the egg stage of the inchworm of the tung tree before the harmful flourishing stage. The tung oil geometrid nuclear polyhedrosis virus has better killing power to low-age larvae, so the tung oil geometrid nuclear polyhedrosis virus is used for drug application in the early stage of the pest flourishing period.
Experimental example one: fresh-keeping experiment of eucalyptus leaves
The eucalyptus leaves are mainly fed with the inchworm for feeding, and are subjected to different treatments for prolonging the fresh-keeping time of the eucalyptus leaves, wherein the treatment modes are as follows:
treatment group 1: placing fresh tender branches of eucalyptus with fresh tender leaves into a dry glass product, placing the fresh tender branches into a feed cage of the geometrid of tung tree, controlling indoor illumination L to be D=16:8, controlling the temperature to be 25+/-3 ℃ and the humidity to be 75+/-5%, and observing the fresh-keeping days and the defoliation time.
Treatment group 2: placing fresh tender branches of eucalyptus with fresh tender leaves into a dry glass product, sealing with a plastic sealing film, placing into a feed cage of the geometrid of tung tree, controlling indoor illumination L to D=16:8, controlling the temperature to 25+/-3 ℃ and the humidity to 75+/-5%, and observing the fresh-keeping days and the defoliation time.
Treatment group 3: placing fresh tender branches of eucalyptus with fresh tender leaves in a water cup with water, placing the fresh tender branches in a feed cage of the inchworm of tung tree, controlling indoor illumination L to D=16:8, controlling the temperature to 25+/-3 ℃ and the humidity to 75+/-5%, and observing the fresh-keeping days and the defoliation time.
The results are shown in Table 1, where the days of freshness refer to the days at which the Aleurites fordii still ingest and the remarks refer to the days at which leaf fall begins. As can be seen from the data in Table 1, the eucalyptus shoots are placed in a cup with water, after 7 days of preservation, the tung oil tree loopers can still eat, and the leaf falling time is relatively long, so that the treatment mode has the best preservation effect on eucalyptus leaves.
TABLE 1
| Sequence number | Treatment mode | Days/d of fresh-keeping | |
| Treatment group | |||
| 1 | In |
2 | Fallen leaves on |
| |
Plastic sealing film seal | 4 | Leaf falling at |
| |
Water cup for adding water | 7 | Leaf falling at |
Experimental example two: experiment on tendency of inchworm of tung tree to egg collecting device
And (3) test design: placing different egg collecting carriers in a raising cage, allowing the eclosion of the inchworm adults to finish mating and spawning within 48 hours, and observing and recording the number of egg masses, the number of egg particles and the distribution shape on each egg collecting device after 48 hours.
TABLE 2
| Sequence number | Egg collecting carrier | Number of egg masses/mass | Egg grain/ | Distribution shape | |
| 1 | |
3 | 4400 | Dense and |
|
| 2 | Corrugated paper egg collecting device | 86 | 44200 | Strip-shaped |
|
| 3 | Eucalyptus branches/leaves | 13 | 8600 | Dense ribbon shape | |
| 4 | Plastic shell of |
5 | 2700 | Compact round |
|
| 5 | |
2 | 660 | Compact round shape |
As can be seen from the data in Table 2, the corrugated paper egg collecting device is adopted in the number 2, and the corrugated paper is a cylinder which is formed by rolling single-pit double-layer corrugated paper (plane paperboard+corrugated paper, pit height of 2.5mm and number of corrugations of 50/30 cm) into phi 20cm and height of 80cm like a trunk, wherein the number of the corrugations is dense, the pit depth between the ridges is 2.5mm, the surface is uneven, and the shape of the bark is similar to that of the corrugated paper in the embodiment 1. After the mating of the adult of the aleriope erythrina, female aleriope erythrina is more prone to centralized spawning on an egg collecting device similar to bark corrugated paper, and spawning blocks are in a scattered band shape.
Experimental example three: influence of hatching conditions on hatching effect of eggs of Aleurites fordii
And (3) test design: the egg mass of the aleurites fordii, the number of eggs is recorded, the aleurites fordii is placed on eucalyptus shoots in a raising cage, indoor illumination L is controlled to be D=16:8, hatching is carried out under different temperature and humidity conditions, the egg calendar period and the hatching rate (hatching rate=number of successfully hatched eggs/total number of eggs are 100%) of the aleurites fordii are recorded, and the results are shown in table 3. The temperature is controlled at 21-25 ℃, the hatching rate can reach more than 90% by controlling the humidity to 75%, the hatching condition of serial number 3 and serial number 4 is optimal, the hatching rate can be ensured, and the egg calendar period time is relatively reasonable.
TABLE 3 Table 3
| Sequence number | Temperature/. Degree.C | Humidity/% | Egg calendar period/d | Egg hatchability/% |
| 1 | 19 | 75 | 8.4 | 88.9 |
| 2 | 21 | 75 | 7.3 | 90.3 |
| 3 | 23 | 75 | 6.7 | 93.1 |
| 4 | 25 | 75 | 5.5 | 92.7 |
| 5 | 27 | 75 | 4.8 | 86.2 |
| 6 | 29 | 75 | 4 | 79.5 |
Experimental example four: influence of different feeding modes on survival of inchworm of tung tree in long distance Ji Xiaofeng
And (3) test design:
treatment group 1: is not fed.
Treatment group 2: placing a cup in a feeding cage, placing clear water in the cup, and placing a eucalyptus tender branch with fresh tender leaves in the cup to feed the inchworm of the tung tree to the long-distance brood of the Ji tree.
Treatment group 3: placing a cup in a feeding cage, placing clear water in the cup, placing a eucalyptus tender branch with fresh tender leaves in the cup, spraying 10% honey water on the eucalyptus leaves, and feeding the oil supply to the inchworm longdistance brood of the tung tree.
Treatment group 4: placing a cup in a feeding cage, placing clear water in the cup, placing a eucalyptus tender branch with fresh tender leaves in the cup, spraying 20% honey water on the eucalyptus leaves, and feeding the brood with the long distance of the geometrid of the tung tree.
Treatment group 5: placing a cup in a feeding cage, placing clear water in the cup, placing a eucalyptus tender branch with fresh tender leaves in the cup, placing a cabbage seedling tray with cabbage aphids, and feeding the cabbage aphids with honeydew produced by the cabbage aphids to the feed for the long-distance geometrid hornet.
The results are shown in Table 4, and the average lives of male and female geometrid longdistance Brazil bees fed with Aphis aphis nectar are 16.0 days and 24.3 days respectively.
TABLE 4 Table 4
Experimental example seven: egg calendar of inchworm longdistance brood of tung tree at different temperatures
Indoor illumination L is controlled to be D=16:8, the temperature is 25+/-3 ℃, and the humidity is 75+/-5%. The brood eggs of the long-distance brood are hatched after about 40 hours, cocoons can be formed after the larvae are hatched for about 4 days, and about 5.5-6 days are needed from cocooning to emergence to adult. Controlling the temperature to 28 ℃ and the humidity to be about 75%, and enabling the inchworm of the tung tree to develop the eggs, the larvae, the pupae and the eclosion of the long-distance brood of the Ji tree into the total period of the adults for about 9-10 days. The egg calendar time of the inchworm of the tung tree with long distance and the brood of the plains are explored under different hatching conditions, and the result is shown in a table 5, and the temperature of the parasitic stage is 25 ℃ and the temperature of the hatching stage is 28 ℃ and can shorten the egg calendar time by about 1 day.
TABLE 5
Experimental example eight: influence of preservation of inchworm of Aleurites fordii long distance Ji Xiaofeng adult bees, larvae and pupae on egg calendar and hatching rate
And (3) test design: the development time of the inchworm of the tung tree in each age of the brood of the long-distance brood of the Ji can be effectively shortened by properly increasing the breeding temperature. Conversely, the breeding temperature is reduced, and the development time of the inchworm of the tung tree in each age of the long-distance brood of the Ji-brood can be prolonged. The hatching time and egg hatching rate of the inchworm of the tung tree with long distance and the brood eggs under different temperature and humidity conditions are shown in table 6. The eclosion time and the eclosion rate of the pupae of the inchworm of the great distance of the tung tree under different temperature and humidity conditions are shown in table 7, and when the humidity is 75%, the preservation temperature is 20-30 ℃, so that the hatching rate of the egg grains in the later stage can be ensured to be more than 80%, and the egg calendar period is proper; and a relatively high feathering rate can be ensured in the later stage.
TABLE 6
| Sequence number | Temperature/. Degree.C | Humidity/% | Egg calendar period/d | Egg hatchability/% |
| 1 | 16 | 75 | 52.3 | 76.3 |
| 2 | 18 | 75 | 49.2 | 75.6 |
| 3 | 20 | 75 | 45.3 | 80.1 |
| 4 | 24 | 75 | 44.7 | 82.7 |
| 5 | 26 | 75 | 40.6 | 86.2 |
| 6 | 28 | 75 | 39.1 | 86.7 |
| 7 | 30 | 75 | 41.6 | 83.4 |
TABLE 7
| Sequence number | Temperature/. Degree.C | Humidity/% | Eclosion time/d | Egg emergence rate/% |
| 1 | 16 | 75 | 5.4 | 70.2 |
| 2 | 18 | 75 | 6.0 | 70.6 |
| 3 | 20 | 75 | 5.6 | 74.8 |
| 4 | 24 | 75 | 5.3 | 75.1 |
| 5 | 26 | 75 | 5.2 | 80.4 |
| 6 | 28 | 75 | 4.8 | 82.1 |
| 7 | 30 | 75 | 4.7 | 81.5 |
Experiment example nine: parasitic condition of different-age tung oil tree inchworms serving as hosts
50 aleriope spicatus larvae of 1-age, 2-age, 3-age, 4-age, 5-age and 6-age are respectively selected as hosts, the 1-6-age aleriope spicatus larvae are respectively placed in test tubes containing fresh eucalyptus leaves, 50 aleriope spicatus larvae are placed in each treatment, 1 female aleriope spicatus longdistance brood after mating is accessed, indoor illumination L is controlled to be D=16:8, the temperature is 25+/-3 ℃, and the humidity is 75+/-5%. And (3) removing the inchworm from the tung tree after 24h of spawning and parasitizing of the inchworm from the broomcorn tree, recording the parasitizing rate of the inchworm from the long distance, and repeating the treatment 10 times for different ages of larvae of the inchworm from the tung tree, wherein the results are shown in Table 8. According to the following results, the parasitic rate of 3-instar larvae is maximum and is about 56%, the parasitic rate is obviously higher than that of other instar larvae, and the parasitic quantity of 6-instar tung oil tree inchworms is 0.
TABLE 8
| Host age | Host number (head) | Number of parasitic elements (head) | Parasitic Rate (%) |
| |
50 | 3 | 6.00±3.06 |
| Age | |||
| 2 | 50 | 15 | 30.00±6.15 |
| Age | |||
| 3 | 50 | 28 | 56.00±4.99a |
| Age 4 | 50 | 10 | 20.00±6.67 |
| Age | |||
| 5 | 50 | 6 | 12.00±4.42c |
| 6 years old | 50 | 0 | 0 |
The foregoing is merely exemplary of the present invention, and specific technical solutions and/or features that are well known in the art have not been described in detail herein. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the technical solution of the present invention, and these should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, which does not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practical applicability of the patent. The protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the content of the claims, and the description of the specific embodiments and the like in the specification can be used for explaining the content of the claims.
Claims (7)
1. A breeding method of a great-distance broomcorn type hornet of tung tree is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the steps of breeding the inchworm of the tung tree, parasitizing the inchworm of the tung tree with long distance and breeding the inchworm of the tung tree in batches; parasitizing the great distance brood of the aleurites fordii on the body surface of the larva of the aleurites fordii, and carrying out batch breeding of the great distance brood of the aleurites fordii after the great distance brood of the aleurites fordii is parasitized; the larva of the tung oil tree geometrid parasitized by the long-distance brood of the tung oil tree geometrid is a three-instar larva; feeding eucalyptus branches in the breeding process of the inchworm of the tung tree; before eucalyptus branches are collected, the eucalyptus is subjected to bow tree legal method, and the operation steps of bow tree shaping are as follows: cutting off the top of eucalyptus, and bending and fixing the eucalyptus by external force; after the hatching and eclosion of the aleurites fordii, the larva of the aleurites fordii is fed, the eucalyptus branches are placed on the feeding auxiliary device when the larva of the aleurites fordii is fed, the feeding auxiliary device comprises a base, a manual winch, a support frame and a placing cup, the manual winch is rotationally connected to the base, the circumferential direction of the outer wall of the manual winch is provided with meshing teeth, the support frame is provided with two, the two support frames are vertically and slidingly connected to the base, the two support frames are respectively meshed with the two side parts of the manual winch, the placing cup is provided with two placing cups, and the two placing cups are respectively installed at the top ends of the support frames.
2. The method for breeding the inchworm of the tung tree with long distance and the brood of the plains cornuta tree according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the cultivation condition after the parasitism of the inchworm longdistance brood of the tung tree is that the indoor illumination L is D=16:8, the temperature is 25+/-3 ℃, the humidity is 75+/-5%, the inchworm longdistance brood of the tung tree is hatched after the parasitism is 35-45h, and cocooning is carried out after 3.5-4.5D after the hatching.
3. The method for breeding the inchworm of the tung tree with long distance and the brood of the plains cornuta tree according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: the great distance brood of the tung tree inchworm is fed with the vegetable aphid honeydew, when the vegetable aphid honeydew is insufficient, the water is sprayed to be used as a food source for supplementing, and the concentration of the water is 8-10%.
4. The method for breeding the inchworm of the tung tree with long distance and the brood of the plains cornuta tree according to claim 3, which is characterized in that: the breeding of the tung oil tree loopers comprises pupa selection, hatching and eclosion of the tung oil tree loopers, feeding of the tung oil tree loopers and egg collection of the tung oil tree loopers.
5. The method for breeding the inchworm of the tung tree with long distance and the brood of the plains cornuta tree according to claim 4, which is characterized in that: when the aleurites fordii is hatched, covering soil above the aleurites fordii pupa, wherein the hatching environment condition is that the temperature is 25+/-2 ℃ and the soil humidity is 70+/-5%; after the eclosion of the inchworm of the tung tree, the adult breeding environment condition is that the indoor illumination L is D=16:8, the temperature is 19-29 ℃, and the humidity is 75+/-5%.
6. The method for breeding the inchworm of the tung tree with long distance and the brood of the plains cornuta tree according to claim 5, which is characterized in that: after the inchworm of the tung tree is eclosion, the inchworm of the tung tree is collected by utilizing an egg collecting device, wherein the egg collecting device is a cylinder formed by single-pit double-layer corrugated paper, the diameter of the cylinder is 20cm, and the height of the cylinder is 80cm.
7. The method for breeding the inchworm of the tung tree with long distance and the brood of the plains cornuta tree as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that: storing the parasitic larva of the inchworm of the tung tree before the batch breeding of the inchworm of the tung tree with long distance and the brood of the plagiodendron tree, wherein the storage condition is that the temperature is 20-28 ℃ and the humidity is 70-75%; when the growth and breeding of the great distance brood of the tung tree geometrid are required to be delayed, the great distance brood of the great distance brood is preserved at the temperature of 4-5 ℃.
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