CN114158653B - Additive premix feed for improving nonspecific immunity of weaned pigs - Google Patents
Additive premix feed for improving nonspecific immunity of weaned pigs Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/30—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for swines
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/14—Pretreatment of feeding-stuffs with enzymes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
- A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/174—Vitamins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/60—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for weanlings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2400/00—Lactic or propionic acid bacteria
- A23V2400/21—Streptococcus, lactococcus
- A23V2400/249—Thermophilus
Abstract
The application discloses an additive premix feed for improving the nonspecific immunity of weaned pigs, which is prepared from the following raw materials, by weight, 40-60 parts of a compound microecological preparation, 20-30 parts of a crude extract of golden plum, 20-30 parts of a compound natural plant crude extract, 15-30 parts of a compound premix feed, 15-30 parts of a compound fruit and vegetable mixture, 5-10 parts of compound feed vegetable oil and 4-8 parts of fishbone powder; the compound microecological preparation comprises Brevibacterium laterosporus, candida utilis, bacillus natto and streptococcus thermophilus; the compound natural plant crude extract comprises crude extracts of eucommia bark, dark plum fruit, cordate houttuynia, hawthorn fruit, lotus seed, cassia seed, burdock fruit and the like; the compound premix feed comprises rumen bypass methionine, vitamin C, tryptophan and magnetite; the compound fruit and vegetable mixture comprises cucumber, tomato, winter jujube and pineapple; vegetable oil for composite feeding comprises peanut oil, sesame oil, olive oil and coconut oil. The additive premix feed disclosed by the application has the advantages of small additive amount and remarkable improvement of piglet immunity.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the field of piglet feed additives, and particularly discloses an additive premix feed for improving nonspecific immunity of weaned piglets.
Background
Piglets are the basis for developing pig raising production. In the life of pigs, the piglet stage is the time with the fastest growth, the strongest development, the highest feed utilization, the lowest production cost and the greatest development potential. Meanwhile, the feed additive is a period with large plasticity, more morbidity and death and most difficult maintenance. The suckling piglet refers to a piglet in the period of primary weaning. The weaned piglets are weaned from 3-5 weeks of age to 10 weeks of age after birth. Weaning of piglets is a progressive process under natural conditions, usually taking 17 weeks. In the modern feeding mode, in order to improve the utilization rate of the sow, the weaning day age of the piglet is advanced, so that a series of physiological changes are generated for the piglet: diarrhea rate and death rate are increased, disease resistance is reduced, and growth is slowly stopped. In the modern intensive pig raising production, the early weaning technology is widely adopted, and after piglets leave sows, early weaning stress syndrome of the piglets, which is mainly characterized by slow growth and diarrhea, is easy to occur under the actions of bad factors such as raising environment and nutrition change suddenly, re-grouping, new grade order establishment and the like. The disease has high incidence rate and death rate, and causes great loss to pig industry. Therefore, the feed digestibility is enhanced, the nonspecific immunity of piglets is improved, and the diarrhea rate and the survival rate of weaned piglets are controlled as key factors for determining the success or failure of feeding. The application CN201610151289.6 discloses a healthy and environment-friendly fermented compound feed for weaned pigs, which is a complete feed and is produced by a production line which is required to be newly opened by a production enterprise, and is inconvenient for the existing pig raising enterprise to fully utilize the existing feed. Meanwhile, some weaned piglet feed additives are also available in the market, but the additive amount is large, and the transport and blending cost is high between 10 and 25%, so that the additive feed which has small additive amount, can utilize the existing feed more and is more convenient to popularize and use and can improve the nonspecific immunity function of weaned piglets is needed to be developed at present.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the situation, the application discloses an additive premix feed for improving the nonspecific immunity function of weaned pigs. The additive amount is small, the existing feed is fully utilized, and the immunity of piglets is obviously improved.
The technical scheme of the application is as follows:
the additive premix feed for improving the nonspecific immunity of weaned pigs is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials, by weight, 40-60 parts of a compound microecological preparation, 20-30 parts of a crude golden plum extract, 20-30 parts of a compound natural plant crude extract, 15-30 parts of a compound premix feed, 15-30 parts of a compound fruit and vegetable mixture, 5-10 parts of compound feed vegetable oil and 4-8 parts of fish bone powder;
wherein: the compound microecological preparation comprises Brevibacterium laterosporus, candida utilis, bacillus natto and streptococcus thermophilus; the compound natural plant crude extract comprises eucommia ulmoides, dark plums, cordate houttuynia, hawthorns, lotus seeds, cassia seeds and burdock; the compound premix feed comprises rumen bypass methionine, vitamin C, tryptophan and magnetite; the compound fruit and vegetable mixture comprises cucumber, tomato, winter jujube and pineapple; the vegetable oil for composite feeding comprises peanut oil, sesame oil, olive oil and coconut oil.
The antibacterial peptide secreted by the bacillus laterosporus of the compound microecological preparation in the scheme has better killing effect on parasites such as pig nematodes, and candida utilis contains abundant enzymes such as monopalmase, amylase, cellulase, phytase and the like, and the enzymes can hydrolyze starch and cellulose into low molecular substances such as small molecular sugar, amino acid, alcohols and the like which are easy to digest and absorb; the bacillus natto can change the intestinal tract fungus cluster ecology of piglets, and help the digestive tract function to be normalized, so that the defecation is smooth, and the physiological environment protection in the body is maintained; the streptococcus thermophilus is matched with the candida utilis and the bacillus natto, so that the gastrointestinal peristalsis of piglets can be further assisted, the digestion capacity is further improved, and the diarrhea rate is reduced. The golden plum is a natural medicinal plant resource of Qinghai-Tibet plateau, and has antioxidant and antiinflammatory effects; eucommia ulmoides has the effects of tonifying liver and kidney, strengthening tendons and bones, preventing miscarriage and the like; the magnet has effects of suppressing yang and invigorating qi, and tranquilizing; the dark plum has the effects of astringing lung, astringing intestine, promoting fluid production and relieving ascariasis; herba Houttuyniae has effects of clearing heat and toxic materials, relieving swelling, treating sore, promoting urination, removing dampness, clearing heat, relieving dysentery, invigorating stomach, and resolving food stagnation. The four medicinal materials of eucommia bark, dark plum fruit, magnetite and cordate houttuynia have the functions of strengthening bones and muscles, promoting appetite, relieving heart, soothing nerves, resolving depression, diminishing inflammation, resisting stress and the like. Is mainly used for relieving stress reactions such as restlessness, poor appetite, body discomfort and the like caused by bad stimulus such as weaning, vaccinating and the like of weaned pigs.
Rumen bypass methionine is used in ruminant animal breeding, and the inventor aims at finding that proper rumen bypass methionine is used in piglets, so that weight growth of weaned piglets can be promoted, and the rumen bypass methionine is particularly possibly related to special digestive tract conditions in weaned piglets.
The compound fruit and vegetable mixture and the compound feed vegetable oil are matched for use, so that on one hand, the taste and smell of the feed can be improved, the appetite of weaned pigs can be improved, and on the other hand, a large amount of trace elements can be provided, and the immunity of the weaned pigs can be improved.
Furthermore, in the additive premix feed for improving the nonspecific immunity of weaned pigs, in the composite microecological preparation, the Brevibacillus laterosporus 10 is calculated according to the number of viable bacteria in each gram of the composite microecological preparation 7 ～10 8 Candida utilis 2x10 7 ～5x10 7 Bacillus natto 1x10 7 ～2x10 7 2x10 parts of streptococcus thermophilus 6 ～8x10 6 A plurality of;
the compound microecological preparation is prepared by the following steps:
s1, inoculating and activating the microorganism strains in an activating culture medium respectively;
s2, fermenting the cultured strains in a production fermentation medium respectively;
s3, continuously shaking or stirring in the processes of activation culture and fermentation propagation to obtain bacterial solutions of the various bacteria;
s4, centrifuging to obtain thalli, adding a freeze-drying protective agent according to the mass ratio of 1:1, and pre-freezing to a solid state at-40 ℃ after mixing to obtain a pre-frozen microbial agent;
s5, continuously drying the pre-frozen microbial inoculum obtained by pre-freezing at the temperature of minus 40 ℃ for 18-48 hours under the vacuum condition until the water content is below 5%, so as to obtain the freeze-dried microbial inoculum of each fungus;
and S6, fully mixing the freeze-dried microbial inoculum to obtain the composite microecological preparation.
Further, the additive premix feed for improving the nonspecific immunity of weaned pigs is prepared from the crude extract of the golden plum by the following steps:
s1, taking fresh golden plum leaves, adding distilled water, heating and boiling for 30-60 min, and repeating the water adding and boiling process for 3-6 times;
s2, filtering, collecting an extracting solution, and carrying out reduced pressure rotary distillation in a water bath at 50-70 ℃ to obtain a golden plum water extract;
s3, further vacuum drying the golden plum water extract to obtain the golden plum crude extract.
Further, the additive premix feed for improving the nonspecific immunity of weaned pigs comprises the following compound natural plant crude extracts in parts by weight: 100 parts of eucommia ulmoides, 70-90 parts of dark plum, 50-60 parts of hawthorn, 40-60 parts of cordate houttuynia, 30-50 parts of lotus seed, 20-30 parts of cassia seed and 5-10 parts of burdock; the Chinese herbal medicines are obtained by drying, mixing, crushing and sieving with a 200-mesh sieve.
Further, the additive premix feed for improving the nonspecific immunity of weaned pigs,
the compound premix feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: rumen bypass methionine 100 parts, vitamin C40-60 parts, tryptophan 20-55 parts and magnetite 4-8 parts.
Further, the additive premix feed for improving the nonspecific immunity of weaned pigs comprises the following composite fruit and vegetable mixtures in parts by weight: 100 parts of cucumber, 30-50 parts of tomato, 20-40 parts of winter jujube and 10-20 parts of pineapple; the compound fruit and vegetable mixture is obtained by pretreatment, pulping, enzymolysis, enzyme deactivation, filtration, concentration, spray drying and granulation.
Further, the additive premix feed for improving the nonspecific immunity of weaned pigs comprises the following vegetable oil in parts by weight: 100 parts of peanut oil, 30-60 parts of sesame oil, 20-30 parts of olive oil and 10-20 parts of coconut oil.
Furthermore, the additive premix feed for improving the nonspecific immunity of weaned pigs is prepared by mixing vegetable oil for composite feeding into plastic fat particles, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: adding 25% of molecular distillation monoglyceride into the compound oil heated to 90 ℃, stirring and mixing until the molecular distillation monoglyceride is completely dissolved, cooling and standing the sample at room temperature for 36h to obtain plastic fat, and granulating for use.
Further, the preparation method of the additive premix feed for improving the nonspecific immunity of weaned pigs comprises the steps of sieving 20-30 parts of crude extract of the golden plum, 20-30 parts of crude extract of compound natural plants, 15-30 parts of compound premix feed, 15-30 parts of compound fruit and vegetable mixture, 5-10 parts of compound feed vegetable oil and 4-8 parts of fishbone powder with a 20-mesh sieve, and uniformly mixing.
Further, the complete feed prepared from the additive premix feed for improving the nonspecific immunity of the weaned pigs accounts for 0.5-5% of the complete feed in percentage by weight.
The technical scheme can be used for obtaining the following beneficial effects:
the application discloses an additive premix feed for improving the nonspecific immunity of weaned pigs, which is prepared by carefully selecting and mixing a compound microecological preparation, a crude extract of golden plum, a compound natural plant crude extract, a compound premix feed, a compound fruit and vegetable mixture, compound feed vegetable oil and fishbone powder; the antibacterial peptide secreted by the bacillus laterosporus of the compound microecological preparation in the scheme has better killing effect on parasites such as pig nematodes, and candida utilis contains abundant enzymes such as monopalmase, amylase, cellulase, phytase and the like, and the enzymes can hydrolyze starch and cellulose into low molecular substances such as small molecular sugar, amino acid, alcohols and the like which are easy to digest and absorb; the bacillus natto can change the intestinal tract fungus cluster ecology of piglets, and help the digestive tract function to be normalized, so that the defecation is smooth, and the physiological environment protection in the body is maintained; the streptococcus thermophilus is matched with the candida utilis and the bacillus natto, so that the gastrointestinal peristalsis of piglets can be further assisted, the digestion capacity is further improved, and the diarrhea rate is reduced. The golden plum is a natural medicinal plant resource of Qinghai-Tibet plateau, and has antioxidant and antiinflammatory effects; eucommia ulmoides has the effects of tonifying liver and kidney, strengthening tendons and bones, preventing miscarriage and the like; the magnet has effects of suppressing yang and invigorating qi, and tranquilizing; the dark plum has the effects of astringing lung, astringing intestine, promoting fluid production and relieving ascariasis; herba Houttuyniae has effects of clearing heat and toxic materials, relieving swelling, treating sore, promoting urination, removing dampness, clearing heat, relieving dysentery, invigorating stomach, and resolving food stagnation. The four medicinal materials of eucommia bark, dark plum fruit, magnetite and cordate houttuynia have the functions of strengthening bones and muscles, promoting appetite, relieving heart, soothing nerves, resolving depression, diminishing inflammation, resisting stress and the like. Is mainly used for relieving stress reactions such as restlessness, poor appetite, body discomfort and the like caused by bad stimulus such as weaning, vaccinating and the like of weaned pigs.
Rumen bypass methionine is used in ruminant animal breeding, and the inventor finds that proper amount of rumen bypass methionine is used in piglets, can promote weight growth of weaned piglets, and is particularly possibly related to special digestive tract conditions in weaned piglets.
The compound fruit and vegetable mixture and the compound feed vegetable oil are matched for use, so that on one hand, the palatability and smell of the feed can be improved, the appetite of weaned pigs can be improved, and on the other hand, a large amount of trace elements can be provided, and the immunity of the weaned pigs can be improved.
In conclusion, the feed has comprehensive various nutrition and health care components, has outstanding immunity enhancement, can stimulate the rapid enhancement of the immunity of weaned pigs, enhance the resistance to weaning stress reaction, improve the appetite and digestion ability of the weaned pigs, reduce diarrhea, fully utilize the existing feed, and further improve the weight and survival rate of the weaned pigs; furthermore, the application has the advantages of easily obtained raw materials, small addition amount, lower use cost under the condition of large-scale feeding and large-scale popularization.
Detailed Description
The application will now be further illustrated by means of several specific examples, which are given for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to be limiting.
Example 1
The additive premix feed for improving the nonspecific immunity of weaned pigs is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials, by weight, 40 parts of a compound microecological preparation, 20 parts of a crude golden plum extract, 20 parts of a compound natural plant crude extract, 15 parts of a compound premix feed, 15 parts of a compound fruit and vegetable mixture, 5 parts of compound feed vegetable oil and 4 parts of fishbone powder;
the composite microecological preparation is about 1 multiplied by 10 of the Brevibacillus laterosporus according to the number of viable bacteria in each gram of the composite microecological preparation 7 2X10 of candida utilis 7 Bacillus natto 1×10 7 2X10 Streptococcus thermophilus 6 A plurality of;
the compound microecological preparation is prepared by the following steps:
s1, inoculating and activating the microorganism strains in an activating culture medium respectively;
s2, fermenting the cultured strains in a production fermentation medium respectively;
s3, continuously shaking or stirring in the processes of activation culture and fermentation propagation to obtain bacterial solutions of the various bacteria;
s4, centrifuging to obtain thalli, adding a freeze-drying protective agent according to the mass ratio of 1:1, and pre-freezing to a solid state at-40 ℃ after mixing to obtain a pre-frozen microbial agent;
s5, continuously drying the pre-frozen microbial inoculum obtained by pre-freezing at the temperature of minus 40 ℃ for 18-48 hours under the vacuum condition until the water content is below 5%, so as to obtain the freeze-dried microbial inoculum of each fungus;
and S6, fully mixing the freeze-dried microbial inoculum to obtain the composite microecological preparation.
The crude extract of the golden plum is prepared by the following steps:
s1, taking fresh golden plum leaves, adding distilled water, heating and boiling for 30min, and repeating the water adding and boiling process for 3 times;
s2, filtering, collecting an extracting solution, and carrying out reduced pressure rotary distillation in a water bath at 50 ℃ to obtain a golden plum water extract;
s3, further vacuum drying the golden plum water extract to obtain the golden plum crude extract.
The compound natural plant crude extract comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of eucommia ulmoides, 70 parts of dark plum fruit, 50 parts of hawthorn, 40 parts of cordate houttuynia, 30 parts of lotus seed, 20 parts of cassia seed, 5 parts of burdock; the natural plants are obtained by drying, mixing, crushing and sieving with a 200-mesh sieve.
The compound premix feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: rumen bypass methionine 100 parts, vitamin C40 parts, tryptophan 20 parts and magnetite 4 parts.
The composite fruit and vegetable mixture comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of cucumber, 30 parts of tomato, 20 parts of winter jujube and 10 parts of pineapple; the compound fruit and vegetable mixture is obtained by pretreatment, pulping, enzymolysis, enzyme deactivation, filtration, concentration, spray drying and granulation.
The composite feeding vegetable oil comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of peanut oil, 30 parts of sesame oil, 20 parts of olive oil and 10 parts of coconut oil.
Uniformly mixing the compound microecological preparation, the crude extract of the golden plum, the crude extract of the natural plant, the compound premixed feed, the compound fruit and vegetable mixture, the compound vegetable oil for feeding and the fishbone powder.
Example 2
The additive premix feed for improving the nonspecific immunity of weaned pigs is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials, by weight, 40 parts of a compound microecological preparation, 20 parts of a crude golden plum extract, 20 parts of a compound natural plant crude extract, 15 parts of a compound premix feed, 15 parts of a compound fruit and vegetable mixture, 5 parts of compound feed vegetable oil and 4 parts of fishbone powder;
in the compound microecological preparation, the compound microecological preparation is prepared according to each gram of the compound microecological preparationThe number of the viable bacteria in the strain is about 5x10 of Brevibacillus laterosporus 7 3.5X10 of candida utilis 7 Bacillus natto 1.5X10 7 5X10 Streptococcus thermophilus 6 A plurality of;
the compound microecological preparation is prepared by the following steps:
s1, inoculating and activating the microorganism strains in an activating culture medium respectively;
s2, fermenting the cultured strains in a production fermentation medium respectively;
s3, continuously shaking or stirring in the processes of activation culture and fermentation propagation to obtain bacterial solutions of the various bacteria;
s4, centrifuging to obtain thalli, adding a freeze-drying protective agent according to the mass ratio of 1:1, and pre-freezing to a solid state at-40 ℃ after mixing to obtain a pre-frozen microbial agent;
s5, continuously drying the pre-frozen microbial inoculum obtained by pre-freezing at the temperature of minus 40 ℃ for 18-48 hours under the vacuum condition until the water content is below 5%, so as to obtain the freeze-dried microbial inoculum of each fungus;
and S6, fully mixing the freeze-dried microbial inoculum to obtain the composite microecological preparation.
The crude extract of the golden plum is prepared by the following steps:
s1, taking fresh golden plum leaves, adding distilled water, heating and boiling for 45min, and repeating the water adding and boiling process for 4 times;
s2, filtering, collecting an extracting solution, and carrying out reduced pressure rotary distillation in a water bath at 50 ℃ to obtain a golden plum water extract;
s3, further vacuum drying the golden plum water extract to obtain the golden plum crude extract.
The compound natural plant crude extract comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of eucommia ulmoides, 80 parts of dark plum, 55 parts of hawthorn, 50 parts of cordate houttuynia, 40 parts of lotus seed, 25 parts of cassia seed and 8 parts of burdock; the natural plants are obtained by drying, mixing, crushing and sieving with a 200-mesh sieve.
The compound premix feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: rumen bypass methionine 100 parts, vitamin C50 parts, tryptophan 40 parts and magnetite 6 parts.
The composite fruit and vegetable mixture comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of cucumber, 40 parts of tomato, 30 parts of winter jujube and 15 parts of pineapple; the compound fruit and vegetable mixture is obtained by pretreatment, pulping, enzymolysis, enzyme deactivation, filtration, concentration, spray drying and granulation.
The composite feeding vegetable oil comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of peanut oil, 45 parts of sesame oil, 25 parts of olive oil and 15 parts of coconut oil; the preparation method of the plastic fat particles by mixing the composite feed vegetable oil comprises the following steps: adding 25% of molecular distillation monoglyceride into the compound oil heated to 90 ℃, stirring and mixing until the molecular distillation monoglyceride is completely dissolved, cooling and standing the sample at room temperature for 36h to obtain plastic fat, and granulating for use.
The compound microecological preparation, the crude extract of the golden plum, the crude extract of the natural plant, the compound premixed feed, the compound fruit and vegetable mixture, the compound vegetable oil for feeding and the fishbone powder are evenly mixed after passing through a 20-mesh sieve.
Example 3
The additive premix feed for improving the nonspecific immunity of weaned pigs is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials, by weight, 40 parts of a compound microecological preparation, 20 parts of a crude golden plum extract, 20 parts of a compound natural plant crude extract, 15 parts of a compound premix feed, 15 parts of a compound fruit and vegetable mixture, 5 parts of compound feed vegetable oil and 4 parts of fishbone powder;
the composite microecological preparation is about 10 percent of the Brevibacillus laterosporus according to the number of viable bacteria in each gram of the composite microecological preparation 8 5X10 of candida utilis 7 2X10 of Bacillus natto 7 Streptococcus thermophilus 8×10 6 A plurality of;
the compound microecological preparation is prepared by the following steps:
s1, inoculating and activating the microorganism strains in an activating culture medium respectively;
s2, fermenting the cultured strains in a production fermentation medium respectively;
s3, continuously shaking or stirring in the processes of activation culture and fermentation propagation to obtain bacterial solutions of the various bacteria;
s4, centrifuging to obtain thalli, adding a freeze-drying protective agent according to the mass ratio of 1:1, and pre-freezing to a solid state at-40 ℃ after mixing to obtain a pre-frozen microbial agent;
s5, continuously drying the pre-frozen microbial inoculum obtained by pre-freezing at the temperature of minus 40 ℃ for 18-48 hours under the vacuum condition until the water content is below 5%, so as to obtain the freeze-dried microbial inoculum of each fungus;
and S6, fully mixing the freeze-dried microbial inoculum to obtain the composite microecological preparation.
The crude extract of the golden plum is prepared by the following steps:
s1, taking fresh golden plum leaves, adding distilled water, heating and boiling for 60min, and repeating the water adding and boiling process for 6 times;
s2, filtering, collecting an extracting solution, and carrying out reduced pressure rotary distillation in a water bath at 50 ℃ to obtain a golden plum water extract;
s3, further vacuum drying the golden plum water extract to obtain the golden plum crude extract.
The compound natural plant crude extract comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of eucommia ulmoides, 90 parts of dark plum fruit, 60 parts of hawthorn, 60 parts of cordate houttuynia, 50 parts of lotus seed, 30 parts of cassia seed and 10 parts of burdock; the natural plants are obtained by drying, mixing, crushing and sieving with a 200-mesh sieve.
The compound premix feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: rumen bypass methionine 100 parts, vitamin C60 parts, tryptophan 55 parts and magnetite 8 parts.
The composite fruit and vegetable mixture comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of cucumber, 50 parts of tomato, 40 parts of winter jujube and 20 parts of pineapple; the compound fruit and vegetable mixture is obtained by pretreatment, pulping, enzymolysis, enzyme deactivation, filtration, concentration, spray drying and granulation.
The composite feeding vegetable oil comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of peanut oil, 60 parts of sesame oil, 30 parts of olive oil and 20 parts of coconut oil.
Uniformly mixing the compound microecological preparation, the crude extract of the golden plum, the crude extract of the natural plant, the compound premixed feed, the compound fruit and vegetable mixture, the compound vegetable oil for feeding and the fishbone powder.
Example 4
An additive premix feed for improving the nonspecific immunity of weaned pigs is prepared from the following raw materials, by weight, 50 parts of a compound microecological preparation, 25 parts of a crude golden plum extract, 25 parts of a compound natural plant extract, 20 parts of a compound premix feed, 20 parts of a compound fruit and vegetable mixture, 8 parts of compound feed vegetable oil and 6 parts of fish bone powder;
other specific ingredients and preparation methods were the same as in example 2.
Example 5
An additive premix feed for improving the nonspecific immunity of weaned pigs is prepared from the following raw materials, by weight, 60 parts of a compound microecological preparation, 30 parts of a crude golden plum extract, 30 parts of a compound natural plant extract, 30 parts of a compound premix feed, 30 parts of a compound fruit and vegetable mixture, 10 parts of compound feed vegetable oil and 8 parts of fish bone powder;
other specific ingredients and preparation methods were the same as in example 2.
Comparative example 1
No microecological preparation is added
An additive premix feed for improving the nonspecific immunity of weaned pigs is prepared from the following raw materials, by weight, 25 parts of a crude extract of golden plum, 25 parts of a crude extract of a compound natural plant, 20 parts of a compound premix feed, 20 parts of a compound fruit and vegetable mixture, 8 parts of compound feed vegetable oil and 6 parts of fishbone powder;
other specific ingredients and preparation methods were the same as in example 2.
Comparative example 2
The crude extract of the golden plum is not added
An additive premix feed for improving the nonspecific immunity of weaned pigs is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight, 50 parts of a compound microecological preparation, 25 parts of a compound natural plant crude extract, 20 parts of a compound premix feed, 20 parts of a compound fruit and vegetable mixture, 8 parts of compound feed vegetable oil and 6 parts of fish bone powder;
other specific ingredients and preparation methods were the same as in example 2.
Comparative example 3
No compound natural plant crude extract is added
An additive premix feed for improving the nonspecific immunity of weaned pigs is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight, 50 parts of a compound microecological preparation, 25 parts of a crude golden plum extract, 20 parts of a compound premix feed, 20 parts of a compound fruit and vegetable mixture, 8 parts of compound feed vegetable oil and 6 parts of fishbone powder;
other specific ingredients and preparation methods were the same as in example 2.
Comparative example 4
Composite premixed feed is not added
An additive premix feed for improving the nonspecific immunity of weaned pigs is prepared from the following raw materials, by weight, 50 parts of a compound microecological preparation, 25 parts of a crude golden plum extract, 25 parts of a compound natural plant crude extract, 20 parts of a compound fruit and vegetable mixture, 8 parts of compound feed vegetable oil and 6 parts of fishbone powder;
other specific ingredients and preparation methods were the same as in example 2.
Comparative example 5
No compound fruit and vegetable mixture or compound vegetable oil for feeding is added
The additive premix feed for improving the nonspecific immunity of weaned pigs is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials, by weight, 40 parts of a compound microecological preparation, 20 parts of a crude golden plum extract, 20 parts of a compound natural plant crude extract, 15 parts of a compound premix feed and 4 parts of fishbone powder;
other specific ingredients and preparation methods were the same as in example 2.
Test case
1. Experiment feed:
the premix feeds of examples 1 to 5 and comparative examples 1 to 5 were added to H204 piglet feed from Kunming piglet feed company at an addition amount of 2% and used as feeds for feeding experiments, while H204 piglet feed was used as a control.
2. Experimental pigs, groups and feeding management
Test pigs: and selecting 220 ternary weaned pigs with similar number of weaned pigs and average weight of about 10kg and same variety as the test pigs. The animals were randomly divided into 11 groups of 20 heads each, and the feeding test was performed for 42 days. The test pigs are fed for 4 times a day, eat and drink water freely, and the test period is according to the normal procedure of pig farm for expelling insects, immunization, disinfection and sanitation.
3 measurement index and method
3.1 production Performance index and method
Average daily gain: the average daily gain of each group of piglets at each stage was calculated by weighing each column by each head on an empty stomach at the beginning of the test, respectively at day 14, 28, 42 early morning of the test.
Average daily feed intake: and counting the feed consumption of each group of piglets every day, and calculating the average daily feed intake of each piglet.
The experimental results are shown in Table 1
3.2 diarrhea and morbidity
During the test period, the health condition of the pig group is observed and recorded every day, diarrhea individuals and durations are recorded, and finally the diarrhea rate of the whole piglet is calculated by taking groups as units.
Diarrhea rate = (total diarrhea piglet number of days of diarrhea of piglets)/(test piglet number of days of diarrhea of test piglets)
×100％
Morbidity = (sum of the number of piglets born in experimental period/total number of piglets x experimental days) ×100%. Including piglets with cough and diarrhea.
The experimental results are shown in Table 2
3.3 data processing and statistics methods
Expressed as average values in units of test treatments.
3.4 experimental results
TABLE 1 production Performance index
TABLE 1 continuous production Performance index
The test results in table 1 show that the additive premix feed for improving the nonspecific immunity of the weaned pigs can obviously improve the average daily gain and average daily feed intake of the weaned pigs compared with the comparative example and the comparative example after feeding.
TABLE 2 diarrhea and morbidity in weaned pigs
| Project | Diarrhea Rate (%) | Incidence (%) | Mortality (%) |
| Example 1 | 9.2 | 15.2 | 5 |
| Example 2 | 8.9 | 14.8 | 0 |
| Example 3 | 8.7 | 13.3 | 0 |
| Example 4 | 8.4 | 13.1 | 0 |
| Example 5 | 8.6 | 14.2 | 0 |
| Comparative example 1 | 14.2 | 19.2 | 5 |
| Comparative example 2 | 13.7 | 18.1 | 5 |
| Comparative example 3 | 13.3 | 17.7 | 0 |
| Comparative example 4 | 13.1 | 17.4 | 10 |
| Comparative example 5 | 16.3 | 21.9 | 10 |
| Comparative example | 21.2 | 28.9 | 15 |
The test results in Table 2 show that the additive premix feed for improving the nonspecific immunity of weaned pigs has the survival rate of 100% after feeding, and can obviously improve the immunity of the weaned pigs and improve the diarrhea rate and morbidity of the weaned pigs compared with the comparative examples and the comparative examples.
The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present application, and the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, i.e. the present application is not limited to the above embodiments, but is capable of being modified and varied in all ways according to the following claims and the detailed description.
Claims (4)
1. The additive premix feed for improving the nonspecific immunity of weaned pigs is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials, by weight, 40-60 parts of a compound microecological preparation, 20-30 parts of a crude golden plum extract, 20-30 parts of a compound natural plant crude extract, 15-30 parts of a compound premix feed, 15-30 parts of a compound fruit and vegetable mixture, 5-10 parts of compound vegetable oil for feeding and 4-8 parts of fishbone powder;
wherein:
in the composite microecological preparation, the Brevibacillus laterosporus 10 is calculated according to the number of viable bacteria in each gram of the composite microecological preparation 7 ～10 8 2X10 of candida utilis 7 ～5×10 7 Bacillus natto 1×10 7 ～2×10 7 2X10 Streptococcus thermophilus 6 ～8×10 6 A plurality of;
the compound natural plant crude extract comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of eucommia ulmoides, 70-90 parts of dark plum, 50-60 parts of hawthorn, 40-60 parts of cordate houttuynia, 30-50 parts of lotus seed, 20-30 parts of cassia seed and 5-10 parts of burdock; the Chinese herbal medicines are obtained by drying, mixing, crushing and sieving with a 200-mesh sieve;
the compound premix feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: rumen bypass methionine 100 parts, vitamin C40-60 parts, tryptophan 20-55 parts and magnetite 4-8 parts;
the composite fruit and vegetable mixture comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of cucumber, 30-50 parts of tomato, 20-40 parts of winter jujube and 10-20 parts of pineapple; pretreating, pulping, carrying out enzymolysis, inactivating enzyme, filtering, concentrating, spray drying and granulating to obtain the product;
the composite feeding vegetable oil comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of peanut oil, 30-60 parts of sesame oil, 20-30 parts of olive oil and 10-20 parts of coconut oil; the preparation method of the plastic fat particles in the composite feeding vegetable oil comprises the following steps of: adding 25% of molecular distillation monoglyceride into the composite grease heated to 90 ℃, stirring and mixing until the molecular distillation monoglyceride is completely dissolved, cooling and standing a sample at room temperature for 36h to obtain plastic fat, and granulating for use;
the crude extract of the golden plum is prepared by the following steps:
s1, taking fresh golden plum leaves, adding distilled water, heating and boiling for 30-60 min, and repeating the water adding and boiling process for 3-6 times;
s2, filtering, collecting an extracting solution, and carrying out reduced pressure rotary distillation in a water bath at 50-70 ℃ to obtain a golden plum water extract;
s3, further vacuum drying the golden plum water extract to obtain the golden plum crude extract.
2. The additive premix feed for improving nonspecific immunity of weaned pigs according to claim 1, wherein the compound microecological preparation is prepared by the following steps:
s1, inoculating and activating the microorganism strains in an activating culture medium respectively;
s2, fermenting the cultured strains in a production fermentation medium respectively;
s3, continuously shaking or stirring in the processes of activation culture and fermentation propagation to obtain bacterial solutions of the various bacteria;
s4, centrifuging to obtain thalli, adding a freeze-drying protective agent according to the mass ratio of 1:1, and pre-freezing to a solid state at-40 ℃ after mixing to obtain a pre-frozen microbial agent;
s5, continuously drying the pre-frozen microbial inoculum obtained by pre-freezing at the temperature of minus 40 ℃ for 18-48 hours under the vacuum condition until the water content is below 5%, so as to obtain the freeze-dried microbial inoculum of each fungus;
and S6, fully mixing the freeze-dried microbial inoculum to obtain the composite microecological preparation.
3. The method for preparing the additive premix feed for improving the nonspecific immunity of weaned pigs according to any one of claims 1 to 2, which comprises the steps of uniformly mixing 40 to 60 parts of the compound microecological preparation, 20 to 30 parts of the crude extract of the golden plum, 20 to 30 parts of the crude extract of the compound natural plant, 15 to 30 parts of the compound premix feed, 15 to 30 parts of the compound fruit and vegetable mixture, 5 to 10 parts of the compound feed vegetable oil and 4 to 8 parts of the fishbone powder after sieving the mixture through a 20-mesh sieve.
4. Complete feed prepared from the additive premix feed for improving non-specific immune function of weaned pigs according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that the additive premix feed comprises 0.5-5% of the complete feed in weight percent.
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