CN114129721B - 双亲性咪喹莫特嫁接γ-聚谷氨酸月桂酯及其应用 - Google Patents
双亲性咪喹莫特嫁接γ-聚谷氨酸月桂酯及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供双亲性咪喹莫特嫁接γ‑聚谷氨酸月桂酯及其应用,属于生物医用材料领域。双亲性咪喹莫特嫁接γ‑聚谷氨酸月桂酯,采用包括如下步骤的方法制备:(1)在无水氛围下,将γ‑聚谷氨酸分散在非质子溶剂中,然后加入催化剂N,N‑二甲基甲酰胺,在搅拌状态下,滴入氯化剂,反应10‑40小时;(2)将咪喹莫特、脂溶性醇和缚酸剂加入步骤(1)反应后所得溶液中,反应42‑54小时;(3)纯化后,得到双亲性咪喹莫特嫁接γ‑聚谷氨酸月桂酯材料。本发明双亲性咪喹莫特嫁接γ‑聚谷氨酸月桂酯及其荧光素标记物,不仅水溶性好,具良好的生物相容性,降低了毒副作用,而且能够提高机体特异性免疫应答,是理想的佐剂。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物医用材料领域,具体涉及双亲性咪喹莫特嫁接γ-聚谷氨酸月桂酯及其应用。
背景技术
接种疫苗被认为是当今社会预防传染病最经济、最方便和最有效的方法之一。在免疫过程中,抗原递送是至关重要的一步。在疫苗的实际使用过程中,由于许多抗原单独施用时不足以赋予免疫性抗体应答,这就需要设计能固定抗原并刺激免疫应答的佐剂。
Toll样受体(Toll-like receptor,TLR)是一类模式识别受体(Patternrecognition receptor,PRR),这种受体在受到微生物特殊的保守产物-病原体相关分子模式(Pathogenassociated molecular patterns,PAMPs)激活时,不仅会诱导天然免疫应答,同时还能激活获得性免疫系统,是理论上佐剂的理想选择。近年来,人工合成的咪喹莫特(R837)作为TLR 7激动剂,是小分子免疫调节剂,具有优异的抗病毒、抗肿瘤能力。因为相对分子量小,可以通过多种途径进入体内,提高抗原呈递的细胞活性,聚集较多的树突状细胞、巨噬细胞、B细胞和T细胞等到接种位点,增强局部免疫反应。可是,咪喹莫特也存在以下缺陷:(1)在水中以及常见有机溶剂中溶解度较小,因此不易制备成注射剂,对细胞有一定的毒性;(2)单一使用R837会产生一些不良反应,例如红斑、糜烂、剥脱/剥落和水肿等属于常见不良反应;(3)咪喹莫特的药代动力学具有从局部(例如皮下或肌肉内)迅速向全身扩散等特点,从而在多个远端组织引起不必要的内在免疫激活。由于这些缺点的存在,使其应用受到了限制。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供双亲性咪喹莫特嫁接γ-聚谷氨酸月桂酯,不仅水溶性好,具良好的生物相容性,降低了毒副作用,而且能够提高机体特异性免疫应答,是理想的佐剂。
本发明的再一目的是提供双亲性咪喹莫特嫁接γ-聚谷氨酸月桂酯在疫苗佐剂方面的用途。
本发明的目的采用如下技术方案实现:
双亲性咪喹莫特嫁接γ-聚谷氨酸月桂酯,采用包括如下步骤的方法制备:
(1)在无水氛围下,将γ-聚谷氨酸分散在非质子溶剂中,然后加入催化剂N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,在搅拌状态下,滴入氯化剂,反应10-40小时;
(2)将咪喹莫特、脂溶性醇和缚酸剂加入步骤(1)反应后所得溶液中,反应42-54小时;
(3)纯化后,得到双亲性咪喹莫特嫁接γ-聚谷氨酸月桂酯材料。
在本发明中,γ-聚谷氨酸的分子量为1-200万,优选为30-70万;所述氯化剂为氯化亚砜、草酰氯或五氯化磷,优选氯化亚砜和草酰氯;脂溶性醇为C8-C24醇、脂环醇或者甾醇,优选正月桂醇或胆固醇;缚酸剂为三乙胺、4-N,N-二甲氨基吡啶、吡啶、无水碳酸铯、无水碳酸钾、无水碳酸钠、氢氧化钠和氢氧化钾中的一种。
在本发明中,非质子溶剂中为二氯甲烷、氯仿、乙腈、二甲亚砜、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、四氢呋喃、1,4-二氧六环和甲苯中的一种;所述非质子溶剂优选为二氯甲烷或乙腈。
在本发明中,γ-聚谷氨酸、咪喹莫特、脂溶性醇和缚酸剂的摩尔比为10:0.5-1.5:1-3:10-15;步骤(1)中γ-聚谷氨酸与氯化剂的物质的量之比为1:(1~2.5),优选为1:1,反应时间为20-25小时。
在本发明中,步骤(1)、(2)的反应温度均为10-40℃;优选20-25℃。
在本发明中,步骤(1)中每克γ-聚谷氨酸分散在5~70mL的非质子溶剂中。
在本发明中,所述制备方法还包括采用荧光素进行标记的步骤;所述荧光素为氨基荧光素或氨基罗丹明,优选5-氨基荧光素。
在本发明中,纯化步骤如下:除去溶剂,残留固体用无水丙酮、甲醇、乙醇或乙腈浸泡,过滤、洗涤和真空干燥。
本发明还提供所述双亲性咪喹莫特嫁接γ-聚谷氨酸月桂酯作为疫苗佐剂方面的用途。
在本发明中,所述疫苗为手足口病、禽流感、新城疫、伪狂犬、猪细小、猪瘟和猪蓝耳疫苗;所述双亲性咪喹莫特嫁接γ-聚谷氨酸月桂酯与抗原的质量比为(0.01~1):(0.5~1)。
为了克服现有的R837免疫佐剂水溶性差和毒副作用较大的缺陷,本发明利用γ-聚谷氨酸作为亲水性聚合物骨架,通过酰胺共价键偶联5-氨基荧光素、R837,通过酯键偶联憎水性脂溶性醇(如正月桂醇),形成双亲性聚合物FIP(FL-γ-PGA-R837-LA)。通常对γ-PGA进行修饰是鉴于其羧基在EDC/NHS活化下形成酯和酰胺。由于咪喹莫特的氨基很不活泼,难以用该方法进行酰胺化偶联。因此,先将γ-PGA的羧基用氯化亚砜、草酰氯或五氯化磷在N,N二甲基甲酰胺催化下制成高活性的酰氯,然后与咪喹莫特的氨基反应,成功地通过酰胺键进行偶联。通过Scifinder和Web of Science文献搜索,发现将γ-PGA的羧酸基制成酰氯后再进行酯化或酰胺化的方法也未曾报导。其原因可能是氯化的条件不易控制,反应体系很容易碳化发黑。本发明通过控制反应温度和氯化剂加入的速度,成功地实现酰氯的产生。因此,本发明FIP和γ-PGA-R837-LA的制备方法简单,巧妙。由于原料来源丰富,生物安全性良好,价格低,因此本发明中的FIP和γ-PGA-R837-LA成本较低。
本发明制备的FIP和γ-PGA-R837-LA,不仅水溶性好,具良好的生物相容性,降低了毒副作用,而且在显著减少了咪喹莫特用量的情况下,可以有效地刺激机体的免疫应答,提高IgG的分泌水平,可用于疫苗、载药、探针等领域。动物实验显示,接种含有FIP的疫苗的小鼠的注射部位皮肤、肝、脾和肾均未发现病变问题,证明实验组小鼠体征指标正常,无不良副反应。含有FIP的不同剂型的疫苗接种小鼠后,效价水平均有明显的上升,在首免后6周,效价约达到仅含有OVA的疫苗的2倍,说明FIP是一种很好的水剂型佐剂,安全性更好,是一种较为理想多剂型佐剂。FIP中含有荧光基团,可用于生物体内/外荧光追踪和定量,直观的确定体液免疫和细胞免疫之间的联系。本发明FIP可以制成W、O/W、W/O、W/O/W剂型的疫苗,均能够显著提高免疫效力。由于FIP是两亲性高分子聚合物,因此能在水或者油相介质中通过分子间作用力自组装形成纳米微粒(胶束或囊泡),为药物和疫苗载体的制备提供了一种新的方法。FIP(即FL-γ-PGA-R837-LA)能与多种抗原物理混合,制成粘膜给药疫苗,可进行滴鼻和口服给药。
附图说明:
图1.双亲性咪喹莫特嫁接γ-聚谷氨酸月桂酯(γ-PGA-R837-LA)合成路线。
图2.荧光素标记的双亲性咪喹莫特嫁接γ-聚谷氨酸月桂酯(FIP,FL-γ-PGA-R837-LA)合成路线及5-氨基荧光素的化学结构式。
图3.荧光素标记的双亲性咪喹莫特嫁接γ-聚谷氨酸月桂酯(FL-γ-PGA-R837-LA)1H NMR图。
图4.荧光素标记的双亲性咪喹莫特嫁接γ-聚谷氨酸月桂酯(FL-γ-PGA-R837-LA)的UV-vis表征图。
图5是FIP、咪喹莫特、荧光素的荧光光谱表征图,其中a是FIP与咪喹莫特的荧光光谱表征图,b是FIP和荧光素的荧光光谱表征图。
图6是荧光素标记的双亲性咪喹莫特嫁接γ-聚谷氨酸月桂酯(FL-γ-PGA-R837-LA)与γ-聚谷氨酸(γ-PGA)的Zeta电位图。
图7是不同浓度的荧光素标记的双亲性咪喹莫特嫁接γ-聚谷氨酸月桂酯(FL-γ-PGA-R837-LA)对RAW 264.7细胞的存活率实验结果,横坐标为浓度,纵坐标为细胞存活率(%),FIP为不同浓度FL-γ-PGA-R837-LA溶液;IMQ是不同浓度R837溶液;HAc为pH 6.0的醋酸水溶液;PBS为PBS缓冲液。
图8.RAW 264.7细胞吞噬荧光素标记的双亲性咪喹莫特嫁接γ-聚谷氨酸月桂酯(FL-γ-PGA-R837-LA)的荧光流式图;a是浓度为50μg/mL的FIP干预细胞的FSC-SSC散点图,横坐标是前向角度散射光强度,纵坐标是侧向散射光强度;b是浓度为50μg/mL的FIP干预细胞的单参数直方图,横坐标是荧光信号的值;c是不同浓度的FIP干预细胞的平均荧光图,横坐标为FIP浓度,纵坐标为荧光强度。
图9是小鼠免疫后5天皮肤情况的照片,虚线框内为接种部位所在区域;其中a图中小鼠皮下注射含有咪喹莫特(R837,IMQ)的疫苗,b图中小鼠皮下注射含有FIP的疫苗。
图10是FIP和咪喹莫特(R837,IMQ)作为佐剂的免疫效果对比图。
图11接种小鼠的注射部位皮肤及内脏(如肝、肾、脾)的组织学检测,其中第一行是接种PBS缓冲液的小鼠,第二行是接种疫苗1的小鼠,a为注射位点皮肤,b为肝,c为脾和d为肾。
图12显示了接种FIP/OVA不同剂型疫苗的小鼠血清IgG抗体水平,其中图A是接种两周后抗体效价,图B是接种六周后血清抗体效价。FIP/OVA是各疫苗(同时含有FIP和OVA),OVA是各阳性对照疫苗(仅含有OVA)。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例及附图对本发明作进一步详细的描述,但本发明的实施方式不限于此。实施例1双亲性咪喹莫特嫁接γ-聚谷氨酸月桂酯及其荧光素标记物的制备及鉴定
1.双亲性咪喹莫特嫁接γ-聚谷氨酸月桂酯(缩写为γ-PGA-R837-LA)的制备
γ-PGA-R837-LA的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将0.1mol(13g)的γ-聚谷氨酸(γ-PGA,MW=700000,轩凯生物科技有限公司),分散在200mL无水二氯甲烷(DCM)中,然后加入0.5mL的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)作为催化剂,在室温(20-25℃)搅拌状态下,滴入0.1mol(7.3mL)的氯化亚砜(SOCl2),滴速为2秒/滴,体系为无水操作;滴加结束后,反应24小时,反应过程中产生的尾气用10%NaOH水溶液吸收。
(2)将0.01mol(2.4g)的咪喹莫特(R837)、0.02mol(3.72g)正月桂醇(LA)和0.12mol(12g)缚酸剂三乙胺(NEt3)加入到步骤(1)反应后所得溶液中,室温(20-25℃)反应48小时。
(3)旋转蒸发除去溶剂,残留固体用无水甲醇浸泡,过滤取滤渣、用水洗涤、真空干燥,得到双亲性咪喹莫特嫁接γ-聚谷氨酸月桂酯。
反应原理见图1。
2.荧光素标记双亲性咪喹莫特嫁接γ-聚谷氨酸月桂酯(缩写为FL-γ-PGA-R837-LA,缩写为FIP)的制备
FIP的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将0.1mol(13g)γ-聚谷氨酸(γ-PGA,MW=700000,轩凯生物科技有限公司),分散在200mL无水二氯甲烷(DCM)中,然后加入0.5mL的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)作为催化剂,在室温(20-25℃)搅拌状态下,滴入0.1mol(7.3mL)的氯化亚砜(SOCl2),滴速为2秒/滴,体系为无水操作;滴加结束后,反应24小时,反应过程中产生的尾气用10%NaOH水溶液吸收;
(2)将0.01mol(2.4g)的咪喹莫特(R837)、0.02mol(3.72g)正月桂醇(LA)、0.5mmol(0.17g)5-氨基荧光素(缩写为5-NH2-FL)和0.12mol(12g)缚酸剂三乙胺(NEt3)加入到步骤(1)反应后所得溶液中,室温(20-25℃)反应48小时。
(3)旋转蒸发除去溶剂,残留固体用无水甲醇浸泡,过滤取滤渣,用水洗涤、真空干燥,得到荧光素标记的双亲性咪喹莫特嫁接γ-聚谷氨酸月桂酯(FL-γ-PGA-R837-LA)。
反应原理见图2。
3.物质鉴定
(1)核磁检测
将FL-γ-PGA-R837-LA溶解于DMSO-d6中,用于核磁共振氢谱(1H NMR)的表征。同时,γ-聚谷氨酸(溶于D2O)和R837(溶于DMSO-d6)作为对照,评价R837的嫁接与定量。核磁检测结果见图3,FL-γ-PGA-R837-LA的1H NMR谱图中,7-9ppm为R837芳环区氢的化学位移,说明R837已经嫁接到γ-聚谷氨酸骨架上,同时与γ-聚谷氨酸积分面积比表明嫁接率(R837在FL-γ-PGA-R837-LA中的质量百分含量)为10%左右;高场区出现的峰表明,正月桂醇也嫁接到γ-聚谷氨酸骨架上。由于FL-γ-PGA-R837-LA中荧光素含量很低,在1H NMR谱上几乎被噪音淹没。
(2)紫外-可见(UV-vis)检测
UV-vis检测灵敏度高。由于嫁接的荧光素含量很低,核磁共振氢谱(1H NMR)难以检测出。为了确定R837和5-氨基荧光素是否被嫁接上,将FL-γ-PGA-R837-LA溶于超纯水,用UV-vis(紫外-可见光分光光度计)检测FL-γ-PGA-R837-LA中的主要成分;将R837溶于盐酸酸化的超纯水(pH 6),作为对照1;以5-氨基荧光素水溶液作为对照2。在200-600nm的波长下检测吸光度,将检测结果归一化后比较。结果如图4,结合FL-γ-PGA-R837-LA和其他单一成分的紫外图中出现200-250nm处的R837特征峰、250-300nm处的γ-PGA的特征峰和475-525nm处的5-FL的特征峰,证明了R837、荧光素均嫁接到γ-PGA骨架上,验证了FL-γ-PGA-R837-LA的结构。
(3)荧光(FL)检测
为了进一步确证R837和5-氨基荧光素是否被嫁接到γ-PGA侧链上,将FL-γ-PGA-R837-LA溶于超纯水,用荧光分光光度计检测。将R837溶于盐酸酸化的超纯水(pH 6)溶液,作为对照1;以5-氨基荧光素水溶液,作为对照2。结果如图5,当使用激发波长(λEx)为280nm的光激发R837发色团时,归一化后,发现FL-γ-PGA-R837-LA和R837的R837发射峰(λEm=340nm)峰形几乎形同,仅有3nm的位移,这表明R837已经被嫁接到γ-PGA侧链上;当使用激发波长(λEx)为455nm的光激发荧光素发色团时,FL-γ-PGA-R837-LA出现荧光素发射峰(λEm=519nm),归一化后发现,FL-γ-PGA-R837-LA和5-氨基荧光素的最大发射峰仅有4nm的位移,但两者峰形几乎相同,因此,5-氨基荧光素已经被嫁接到γ-PGA侧链上。
(4)Zeta电位检测
Zeta电位值的正负和大小对应着着物质结构的稳定性和正负电荷。从图6可见,FL-γ-PGA-R837-LA的Zeta电位为-3.3mV,说明FL-γ-PGA-R837-LA能快速凝结,如果浓度过大,则形成凝胶状物质。
(5)溶解性检测
将R837、γ-PGA-R837-LA和FL-γ-PGA-R837-LA分别溶于水相(例如,超纯水,0.1MpH为7.4的PBS缓冲液、0.9%生理盐水,5%葡萄糖水溶液和pH 1~6的酸性水溶液,SBF模拟体液)和溶剂相(乙醇、DMSO、DMF)中,对比观察其溶解度,评价其水佐剂的可行性及注射缓冲液的选择。
结果:20毫克的γ-PGA-R837-LA和FL-γ-PGA-R837-LA在5mL的超纯水、0.1M、pH为7.4的PBS缓冲液、0.9%生理盐水、5%葡萄糖水溶液、pH 1~6的酸性水溶液和SBF模拟体液中均全部溶解;20毫克的γ-PGA-R837-LA和FL-γ-PGA-R837-LA在3mL的DMSO、乙醇、DMF和丙酮均全部溶解。因此γ-PGA-R837-LA和FL-γ-PGA-R837-LA是双亲性材料,有望于制备水佐剂。
R837不能溶解在超纯水、0.1M、pH为7.4的PBS缓冲液、0.9%生理盐水、5%葡萄糖水溶液和SBF模拟体液中,仅溶解在pH≤6以下的酸性水溶液中;R837微溶于热的DMSO和DMF溶液中。因此,限制了它在水佐剂类的应用。
实施例2FIP的体外实验、FIP与R837免疫效果比较
(1)FIP的体外细胞毒性测试
以pH 7.4的PBS缓冲液为溶剂,配制不同浓度的FIP溶液。以pH 6的醋酸水溶液为溶剂,配制不同浓度的R837溶液。考察FIP溶液、R837溶液对细胞的毒性,以pH 6.0的醋酸水溶液为阴性对照,以pH 7.4的PBS缓冲液为空白对照,采用小鼠巨噬细胞RAW 264.7作为模式源,利用CCK-8法进行毒性检测,具体方法如下:在96孔板上铺上RAW 264.7细胞,在37℃、5%CO2/95%O2的生物环境下孵育24小时,显微镜观察,当细胞计数达到2×106cells/孔时,每孔加入100μL不同浓度的FIP溶液或R837溶液,继续孵育24小时,然后加入CCK-8试剂(细胞增殖试剂盒中试剂,购自百赛生物),孵育4小时,采用酶标仪(BioTek酶标仪)检测细胞凋亡程度。结果:如图7所示,当FIP溶液浓度为1000μg/mL(所含R837成分浓度为100μg/mL)时,细胞仍保持着88%的存活率,FIP溶液浓度小于1000μg/mL时,细胞无凋亡现象,细胞存活率与PBS缓冲液处理的细胞类似;相反,R837溶液对细胞伤害较大,当浓度为100μg/mL时,大量的RAW 264.7细胞发生了凋亡。因此,FIP具有良好的生物相容性和低毒性,可用于疫苗、载药、探针等领域。
(2)FIP/OVA纯水剂型的荧光流式测定
以pH 7.4的PBS缓冲液为溶剂,配制50μg/mL的FIP溶液,其中R837的浓度为5μg/mL。
在24孔细胞板上铺上RAW 264.7细胞,孵育18小时,细胞数量达到2×106cells/孔,每孔加入100μL、50μg/mL的FIP溶液。继续孵育24小时后,吹打细胞,用PBS洗涤离心三次,最后用冰的PBS重悬后用流式细胞仪(BD FACSCalibur流式细胞仪)进行检测。另外,采用上述相同方法考察不同浓度FIP溶液对RAW 264.7细胞的影响。结果如图8所示,当FIP浓度为50μg/mL时,RAW 264.7细胞仍能看到明显的荧光峰,其未分化的CD3+细胞展现较强的活性。随着FIP浓度的增加,其细胞的荧光强度逐渐增高。这些结果说明了FIP很容易被细胞摄入,能够在生物体内的组织器官中呈现荧光标记,通过不同的时间段进行为追踪免疫路径提供了帮助。
(3)FIP与R837免疫效果比较
以pH 7.4的PBS缓冲液为溶剂,分别配制1000μg/mL的OVA(卵清蛋白)溶液和200μg/mL的FIP溶液,然后将两溶液等体积混合,得到含有FIP的疫苗。
以pH 6的醋酸水溶液为溶剂,分别配制1000μg/mL的OVA溶液和200μg/mL的R837溶液,然后将两溶液等体积混合,得到含有R837的疫苗。
另外,以pH 7.4的PBS缓冲液为溶剂,配制500μg/mL的OVA溶液(缩写为OVA);以pH7.4的PBS缓冲液为溶剂,配制100μg/mL的FIP溶液(缩写为FIP)。
将6-8周龄的雌性Balb/c小鼠(20-25g)随机分成5组,每组小鼠有6只,分别接种含有FIP的疫苗、含有R837的疫苗、500μg/mL的OVA溶液、100μg/mL的FIP溶液和pH 7.4的PBS缓冲液,接种剂量均为200μL疫苗/只。接种后,一周内观察注射部位皮肤状况。接种后28天,眼眶采血,分离血清,检测抗体效价。
抗体效价采用如下方法检测:以pH 9.6、0.05mol/L的Na2CO3-NaHCO3缓冲液为溶剂,配制10μg/mL的OVA蛋白溶液。取50μL的OVA蛋白溶液包被96孔板,4℃过夜吸附;弃液,使用PBST缓冲液(在1L、0.1M的pH 7.4的PBS缓冲液中添加500μL的吐温-20所得)洗板2次,置于干净吸水纸上拍干;每孔加入100μL的封闭液(1L、0.1M的pH 7.4PBS缓冲液中添加10g的BSA后所得)后封膜,置于37℃摇床孵育1小时,然后用PBST缓冲液洗板2次,置于干净吸水纸上拍干;加入100μL用PBST缓冲液稀释后的小鼠血清,37℃避光孵育1.5小时,弃去溶液,加入PBST缓冲液洗板5次,置于干净吸水纸上拍干;每孔加入50μL HRP标记的山羊抗小鼠IgG二抗(购自碧云天,产品编号A0216),37℃避光孵育1小时,弃去溶液,加入PBST缓冲液洗板5次,置于干净吸水纸上拍干;每孔加入50μL的显色液(将购自英创生物的双组分TMB显色液中的A溶液和B溶液按照体积比为1:1混合)在37℃避光孵育30分钟,最后每孔加入50μL终止液(2mol/L的H2SO4水溶液),用酶标仪在450nm处检测吸光度。
结果:接种含有R837的疫苗的小鼠,出现了小面积的皮肤溃烂、红肿、化脓等不良反应,见图9;接种含有FIP的疫苗的小鼠,被毛柔顺,饮食稳定,生命体征正常,注射部位没有红肿,鼓包等炎症反应。由图10可见,虽然咪喹莫特作为佐剂时IgG效价最高(OD450nm=3.07),但是FIP作为水佐剂时仍展现较强的效价(OD450 nm=2.1)。由于含有FIP的疫苗中咪喹莫特成分仅有10μg/mL,仅是含有R837的疫苗中的10%,因此FIP作为水佐剂,不仅水溶性好,降低了毒副作用,而且在显著减少了咪喹莫特用量的情况下,可以有效地刺激机体的免疫应答,提高IgG的分泌水平。
由于上述免疫实验中咪喹莫特结构的浓度仅有10μg/mL,小鼠注射部位没有红肿,鼓包等炎症反应,为了验证高浓度下是否存在毒副作用,以pH 7.4的PBS缓冲液为溶剂,分别配制1000μg/mL的OVA溶液和1000μg/mL的FIP(即FL-γ-PGA-R837-LA)溶液,然后将两溶液等体积混合,得到含有1000μg/mL的FIP的疫苗。采用上述相同方法进行接种,一周内,小鼠被毛柔顺,饮食稳定,生命体征正常,注射部位没有红肿,鼓包等炎症反应。因此FIP无毒副作用。
实施例3免疫实验
本实施例说明实施例1制备的荧光素标记双亲性咪喹莫特嫁接γ-聚谷氨酸月桂酯(FL-γ-PGA-R837-LA,简称FIP),作为疫苗免疫佐剂的应用。
一、制备疫苗制剂
以卵清蛋白(OVA)为模式抗原,不同配方的疫苗按表1进行配制,然后对小鼠进行皮下注射。
表1.各疫苗组成及免疫剂量
制备FIP/OVA水剂型疫苗(记为疫苗1):以0.1M的PBS(pH 7.4)缓冲液作为溶剂,分别配制1000μg/mL的OVA溶液和200μg/mL的FIP(即FL-γ-PGA-R837-LA)溶液,然后将两溶液等体积混合,制备成FIP/OVA水剂型疫苗(记为疫苗1)。疫苗1中,FIP浓度为100μg/mL,OVA浓度为500μg/mL。按疫苗1的制备方法制备阳性对照疫苗1,不同之处仅在于以水替代FIP溶液。
制备FIP/OVA水包油剂型疫苗(记为疫苗2):以中国专利ZL201310021011.3中配方4作为油相;以0.1M的PBS(pH 7.4)缓冲液作为溶剂,配制含有OVA和FIP的水相;将水相与油相按照体积比1:1混合、高压均质化处理,得到FIP/OVA水包油剂型疫苗(记为疫苗2)。该疫苗中FIP的浓度为100μg/mL,OVA浓度为500μg/mL。按照FIP/OVA水包油剂型疫苗的制备方法制备阳性对照疫苗2,不同之处仅在于该疫苗中不含有FIP。
制备FIP/OVA油包水剂型疫苗(记为疫苗3):以0.1M的PBS(pH 7.4)缓冲液作为溶剂,配制含有OVA和FIP的水相;将水相与白油按照体积比为1:3混合、乳化,得到FIP/OVA油包水剂型疫苗(记为疫苗3)。疫苗3中OVA的浓度为500μg/mL,FIP的浓度为100μg/mL。按疫苗3的制备方法制备阳性对照疫苗3,不同之处仅在于水相中不含有FIP。
制备水包油包水(W/O/W)剂型疫苗:以0.1M的PBS(pH 7.4)缓冲液作为溶剂,配制含有FIP和OVA的水相;将水相与ISA201按照体积比为1:1混合、乳化,得到FIP/OVA水包油包水剂型疫苗(记为疫苗4),该疫苗中FIP的浓度为100μg/mL,OVA浓度为500μg/mL。按照疫苗4的制备方法制备阳性对照疫苗4,不同之处仅在于水相中不含有FIP。
二、小鼠免疫接种方案
将6-8周龄的雌性Balb/c小鼠(20-25g)随机分成9组,每组小鼠有6只,其中8组小鼠分别免疫阳性对照疫苗1-4、疫苗1-4(表1),剩余一组小鼠接种0.1M、pH 7.4的PBS缓冲液作为阴性对照。各疫苗的接种方法如下:总共接种两次,在第1天和14天接种疫苗,接种剂量均为200μL疫苗/只。
三、各项生化和免疫指标的测定
(1)首免后28天组织H&E染色毒副作用测定
将接种PBS缓冲液和疫苗1的两组小鼠,在首免后28天,进行接种位点、肝、肾、脾组织切片,观察是否有损伤和病变等问题。具体方法如下:每组取3只小鼠进行安乐死处理,并手术分离出注射部位皮肤及内脏(如肝、肾、脾),用4%多聚甲醛(购买于雷根生物,产品货号DF0135)固定浸泡,石蜡包埋,切片处理,进行免疫组织化学染色。结果如图11所示,与接种PBS缓冲液的小鼠对比,接种疫苗1小鼠的注射部位皮肤、肝、脾和肾均未发现病变问题,证明实验组小鼠体征指标正常,无不良副反应。
(2)IgG抗体效价测定
首免后每隔两周眼眶采血,分离血清,按照实施例2中方法测定各小鼠血清中的特异性抗体(IgG)水平。
结果如图12所示,通过与不同剂型、仅含有OVA的阳性对照疫苗对比,可以发现含有FIP的疫苗具有更强的免疫应答能力。针对兽用疫苗的市场中剂型类型进行抗体效价检测,通过对小鼠进行免疫效价评估,在首免后2周、6周采血,利用ELSIA法进行判定其抗体效价,对比抗体效价,可以发现O/W>W/O/W>W/O>W,随着免疫时间的增加,含有FIP的不同剂型的疫苗效价水平均有明显的上升,约达到相应对照阳性疫苗的2倍,说明FIP是一种很好的水剂型佐剂,安全性更好,是一种较为理想多剂型佐剂。
综上所述,申请人首次利用酰胺键将咪喹莫特与γ-聚谷氨酸共价键偶联,并嫁接了脂溶性基团和荧光发色团修饰的FL-γ-PGA-R837-LA聚合物。FL-γ-PGA-R837-LA具有良好的生物相容性和双亲溶解性。小鼠免疫研究表明,OVA作为模型抗原,使用γ-PGA-R837-LA或FL-γ-PGA-R837-LA作为免疫佐剂,能够高效、持久地促进抗原特异性体液和细胞免疫应答;可以通过荧光标记追踪疫苗的进入、刺激、转运及代谢过程;可以制成不同的剂型,用于皮下注射、肌肉注射、鼻腔或口服给药,为免疫剂型设计和选择提供了可行性方案。因此,γ-PGA-R837-LA和FL-γ-PGA-R837-LA作为免疫佐剂在免疫治疗领域有着重要的应用价值。
Claims (7)
1.双亲性咪喹莫特嫁接γ-聚谷氨酸月桂酯,采用包括如下步骤的方法制备:
(1)在无水氛围下,将γ-聚谷氨酸分散在非质子溶剂中,然后加入催化剂N, N-二甲基甲酰胺,在搅拌状态下,滴入氯化剂,室温反应20-25小时;
(2)将咪喹莫特、脂溶性醇和缚酸剂加入步骤(1)反应后所得溶液中,室温反应42 - 54小时;
(3)纯化后,得到双亲性咪喹莫特嫁接γ-聚谷氨酸月桂酯材料;
γ-聚谷氨酸的分子量为70万;所述氯化剂为氯化亚砜;脂溶性醇为正月桂醇;缚酸剂为三乙胺;所述非质子溶剂为二氯甲烷或乙腈;γ-聚谷氨酸、咪喹莫特、脂溶性醇和缚酸剂的摩尔比为10: 1: 2: 12;步骤(1)中γ-聚谷氨酸与氯化剂的摩尔比为1:1 。
2.根据权利要求1所述双亲性咪喹莫特嫁接γ-聚谷氨酸月桂酯,其特征在于步骤(1)中每克γ-聚谷氨酸分散在5 ~ 70 mL的非质子溶剂中。
3.根据权利要求2所述双亲性咪喹莫特嫁接γ-聚谷氨酸月桂酯,其特征在于所述制备还包括采用荧光素进行标记的步骤;所述荧光素为氨基荧光素。
4.根据权利要求3所述双亲性咪喹莫特嫁接γ-聚谷氨酸月桂酯,其特征在于所述氨基荧光素为5-氨基荧光素。
5.根据权利要求4所述双亲性咪喹莫特嫁接γ-聚谷氨酸月桂酯,其特征在于纯化步骤如下:除去溶剂,残留固体用无水丙酮、甲醇、乙醇或乙腈浸泡,过滤、洗涤和真空干燥。
6.权利要求1所述双亲性咪喹莫特嫁接γ-聚谷氨酸月桂酯在制备疫苗佐剂方面的用途。
7.根据权利要求6所述用途,其特征在于所述疫苗为手足口病、禽流感、新城疫、伪狂犬、猪细小、猪瘟或猪蓝耳疫苗;所述双亲性咪喹莫特嫁接γ-聚谷氨酸月桂酯与抗原的质量比为(0.01 ~ 1):(0.5 ~ 1)。
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