CN114128618A - Gracilaria seed protection device and method - Google Patents
Gracilaria seed protection device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114128618A CN114128618A CN202111520247.2A CN202111520247A CN114128618A CN 114128618 A CN114128618 A CN 114128618A CN 202111520247 A CN202111520247 A CN 202111520247A CN 114128618 A CN114128618 A CN 114128618A
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- 241000206581 Gracilaria Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
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- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 241000703939 Gracilariopsis longissima Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 241001474374 Blennius Species 0.000 abstract description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 241000703908 Gracilaria salicornia Species 0.000 description 3
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- 241001134782 Gigartinales Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001428219 Gracilariaceae Species 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G33/00—Cultivation of seaweed or algae
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Seaweed (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a device and a method for protecting gracilaria seeds, belonging to the technical field of seaweed cultivation, and comprising a seedling adhering pool and a seedling adhering net frame which is paved at the bottom of the seedling adhering pool; the seedling adhering net frame comprises a frame and a seedling adhering net fixed on the frame. Gracilaria algae seeds are evenly spread on the seedling adhering net, and the seedlings are adhered on the seedling adhering net in a gracilaria spore seedling collection mode, so that algae seed resources are stored, the tedious or extensive seedling culture process is avoided, the seedling adhering net frame is formed, algae clusters can be formed immediately, and the cultured seedlings or the ecological restoration for the degraded algae field is provided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of seaweed cultivation, in particular to a device and a method for protecting gracilaria seeds.
Background
Seaweed is an important marine resource, the application field of the seaweed is increasingly wide, and the seaweed is not only used in the traditional fields of food, chemical raw materials (such as extraction of phycocolloid, mannitol and the like), aquatic feeds, seaweed fertilizers and the like, but also gradually applied in the emerging fields of medicines, marine environment restoration and the like.
The gracilaria belongs to large-scale seaweed of gracilaria genus of gracilariaceae of order Gigartinales of Rhodophyta, with the yield second to kelp cultivation, and belongs to the second large seaweed cultivation type in China. However, the gracilaria is sensitive to temperature, the temperature of the culture environment in tropical and subtropical summer sea areas is too high, and most of the gracilaria cannot survive, so that a large pattern that the south sea area is cultivated in winter-spring, the north sea area is cultivated in summer-autumn, and the south and the north are algae seed bases is formed. The proliferation mode of the gracilaria is mainly vegetative proliferation, and the disadvantage of vegetative proliferation is that the consumption of algae seeds is large, and the supply and transportation of the algae seeds become key factors restricting the development of industry in large-scale cultivation production, so that how to store the gracilaria algae seeds to exceed the high temperature in the south in summer becomes an urgent problem to be solved.
Chinese patent CN 106035050A discloses that when the natural condition is selected to mature under 7 months, the gracilaria salicornia seaweed field is paved with a net sheet, the seedling is collected, when the spore grows to the stage of forming a disk-shaped body or a vertical branch under the natural condition, the net sheet is taken out, the harmful organisms and the miscellaneous algae on the net sheet are cleaned by seawater, the net sheet with the gracilaria salicornia seedlings is obtained, the algae seeds are obtained, the seedling source can be obtained by the method, but the seedling collection rate is not high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device and a method for preserving gracilaria seeds, which can preserve gracilaria algae seeds and have high seedling collection rate.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a gracilaria seed protection device, which comprises a seedling attaching pool 7 and a seedling attaching net frame 9 paved at the bottom of the seedling attaching pool 7; the seedling adhering net frame 9 comprises a frame and a seedling adhering net 91 fixed on the frame; the aperture of the seedling attaching net 91 is 2-4 cm.
Preferably, the seedling attaching pool 7 is communicated with a water outlet pipe; the pipe orifice of the water outlet pipe penetrates through the side wall of the seedling attaching pool 7 and extends into the seedling attaching pool; the vertical height between the pipe opening of the water outlet pipe and the bottom of the seedling adhering pool 7 is 0.8-1.2 m.
Preferably, the device also comprises a sand filter 3; the sand filter 3 is provided with a sand filter water inlet pipe 1 and a sand filter water outlet pipe 4; the sand filter 3 is communicated with the seedling adhering pool through a sand filter water outlet pipe 4.
Preferably, the sand filter 3 is filled with the seawater subjected to the dark sedimentation treatment through a sand filter water inlet pipe 1.
Preferably, a shading net is arranged above the top of the seedling attaching pool 7; the vertical distance between the shading net and the upper surface of the seedling adhering pool 7 is 20-30 cm.
The invention also provides a gracilaria seed protection method based on the device in the scheme, which comprises the following steps:
irrigating water in the seedling attaching pool 7;
the collected gracilaria algae seeds are laid on the seedling attaching net 91 for seed preservation; the collection time of the gracilaria algae is 3-4 months of the gregorian calendar.
Preferably, the gracilaria algae comprises allobrancholia or sinonovacula.
Preferably, the ratio of the mass of the gracilaria algae seeds to the net surface area of the seedling adhering net 91 is 0.5-1 kg: 1m2。
Preferably, the salinity of pond water in the seedling adhering pond is 25-33.
Preferably, the pond water in the seedling adhering pond keeps a running water state, and the time for keeping the running water state is more than or equal to 2 h/d.
The invention provides a gracilaria seed protection device, which comprises a seedling attaching pool 7 and a seedling attaching net frame 9 paved at the bottom of the seedling attaching pool 7; the seedling adhering net frame 9 comprises a frame and a seedling adhering net 91 fixed on the frame. Gracilaria algae seeds are evenly spread on the seedling adhering net 91, and the algae seed resources are stored by adhering the seedlings on the seedling adhering net 91 in a manner of picking the gracilaria spores, so that the complicated or extensive seedling culture process is avoided, and the seedling adhering net frame 9 is formed to immediately provide cultured algae seedlings or ecological restoration for degraded algae fields.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the assembly of the seedling adhering net frame and the seedling adhering net after being fixed, wherein 91 is the seedling adhering net and 92 is a fixing bandage;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a seedling frame, wherein 93 is a PVC pipe, 94 is a vent hole, and 95 is an adaptive elbow;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a gracilaria seed protecting device, wherein 1 is a water inlet pipe of a sand filter; 2 is a switch; 3 is a sand filter; 4 is a water outlet pipe of the sand filter; 5 is a shading net fixing rod; 6 is a shading net; 7 is a seedling attaching pool; 8 is the water surface of the seedling attaching pool; 9 is a seedling adhering net frame; 10 is a water outlet pipe at the bottom of the seedling adhering pool; 11 is a water outlet pipe in the seedling attaching pool;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the effect of protecting Gracilaria salicornia;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of the seed protection effect of Gracilaria verrucosa.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a gracilaria seed protection device, which comprises a seedling attaching pool 7 and a seedling attaching net frame 9 paved at the bottom of the seedling attaching pool 7; the seedling adhering net frame 9 comprises a frame and a seedling adhering net 91 fixed on the frame; the aperture of the seedling attaching net 91 is 2-4 cm.
In the invention, the seedling attaching pool 7 can be preferably built at a place with a topographic height difference at sea, and the water in the seedling attaching pool 7 is flowing water through the automation of rising tide and falling tide of natural seawater, so that the seed protection cost can be saved.
In the invention, the shape of the seedling adhering net frame 9 is preferably rectangular; the side length of the seedling adhering net frame 9 is preferably 110-130 cm and 50-60 cm; the seedling adhering net frame 9 is preferably made of plastic; the seedling adhering net frame 9 is preferably prepared from a PVC pipe, the diameter of the PVC pipe is not specially required, and the seedling adhering net frame is preferably 4 minutes or 6 minutes; the PVC pipes are connected by adopting an adaptive elbow 95; the PVC pipe is preferably provided with a vent hole 94, so that air in the PVC pipe is discharged, and water enters the PVC pipe at the same time, so that the PVC pipe is prevented from floating. In the present invention, the seedling-attaching net 91 is preferably a single layer; the seedling attaching net 91 is fixed on one surface of the seedling attaching net frame 9, in the invention, the seedling attaching net 91 is fixed on the frame through a fixing bandage 92; the pore diameter of the seedling-attaching net 91 is preferably 3cm by 3 cm; the seedling attaching net 91 is preferably made of a nylon rope or a polyethylene rope, and the diameter of the net rope is preferably 1-2 mm. In the invention, the seedling adhering net frame 9 is preferably soaked in seawater before use so as to remove alkaline substances or toxic substances on the seedling net; the soaking time is preferably 1 month. The net surface of the seedling attaching net frame 9 after soaking is upwards tiled at the bottom of the seedling attaching pool 7, an interval is preferably reserved between the adjacent seedling attaching net frames 9, the length of the interval is preferably 20-30 cm, more preferably 25cm, and the seedling attaching net frame is convenient to take out or manage in the later period.
In one embodiment of the invention, the seedling-adhering net frame 9 is schematically shown in fig. 1 and 2.
In the invention, after the seedling adhering net frame 9 is placed in the seedling adhering pool 7, the seedling adhering pool 7 and the seedling adhering net frame 9 are preferably exposed to the sun; the time of the insolation is preferably 1 week; after the insolation, preferably cleaning the seedling adhering net frame 9 and the seedling adhering pool 7 to remove fouling organisms or miscellaneous algae possibly existing in the seedling adhering net frame 9 and the seedling adhering pool 7; the cleaning is preferably carried out by adopting a high-pressure water gun; after the cleaning, preferably, the method further comprises the step of irrigating the seedling attaching pool 7 to the height of a water outlet pipe in the seedling attaching pool 7, and waiting for the input of the algae seeds.
In the invention, the seedling attaching pool 7 is communicated with a water outlet pipe; the pipe orifice of the water outlet pipe penetrates through the side wall of the seedling attaching pool 7 and extends into the seedling attaching pool 7; the vertical height of the pipe orifice of the water outlet pipe and the bottom of the seedling attaching pool 7 is preferably 0.8-1.2 m, more preferably 1m, so as to ensure that the water level in the seedling attaching pool 7 is maintained in a certain range, the water level is a suitable cultivation water level for the gracilaria, the water body is too small, the water level is too low, the temperature is very high, the illumination is too strong, the water level is too high, and the illumination is insufficient to influence the growth of the gracilaria.
In the present invention, the apparatus preferably further comprises a sand filter; the sand filter is preferably provided with a sand filter water inlet pipe 1 and a sand filter water outlet pipe 4; the sand filter 3 is communicated with the seedling adhering pool 7 through a sand filter water outlet pipe 4; the sand filter inlet pipe 1 is preferably filled with the seawater subjected to the dark sedimentation treatment. In the invention, the horizontal height of the water inlet pipe 1 of the sand filter is higher than that of the water outlet pipe 4 of the sand filter, so that the seawater after sand filtration can smoothly enter the seedling attaching pool 7 through water level difference. In the invention, the sand filter water inlet pipe 1 is preferably provided with a switch 2, so that the water inlet time can be controlled manually. In the invention, the material of the sand filter water inlet pipe 1 and the sand filter water outlet pipe 4 is preferably PVC; the outer diameter of the water inlet pipe 1 of the sand filter is preferably 90mm, 110mm, 125mm or 160 mm.
In the invention, the shape of the sand filter is preferably cuboid; the size of the sand filter is preferably 3-4 m long, 2-3 m wide and 1-2 m high.
In the invention, the fouling organisms such as miscellaneous algae, shellfish, algae hooked shrimp and the like in the seawater can be filtered through dark precipitation and sand filtration, and simultaneously, the impurities in the seawater can be reduced, the water transparency is better, and the method is more suitable for the growth of the gracilaria.
In the invention, a shading net 6 is preferably arranged above the top of the seedling attaching pond 7; the shading net 6 is preferably fixed by a shading net fixing rod 5; the shading net fixing rods 5 are vertically arranged at the top of the seedling attaching pool 7; the vertical distance between the shading net 6 and the upper surface of the seedling adhering pond 7 is preferably 20-30 cm, more preferably 25cm, so as to ensure the circulation of air, and the daytime illumination intensity of the shaded pond bottom is preferably 3000-7000 lx, more preferably 4000-5000 lx; the shading net is preferably fixed by shading net fixing rods arranged on the pool edge on the upper surface of the seedling attaching pool 7; the shape of the shading net fixing rod is preferably cylindrical; the shading net fixing rod is preferably made of a galvanized iron pipe; the length of the shading net fixing rod is preferably 30-50 cm, and the diameter of the shading net fixing rod is preferably 8-10 cm.
The invention provides a gracilaria seed protection method based on the device, which comprises the following steps:
irrigating water in the seedling attaching pool 7;
flatly paving the gracilaria algae seeds on the seedling attaching net 91 for seed preservation; the collection time of the gracilaria algae is 3-4 months of the gregorian calendar.
In the present invention, the gracilaria algae species include allobranchlet gracilaria algae species or gracilaria subconfluens algae species; the gracilaria algae is preferably the algae with good growth state in a natural sea area or a seawater pond; the collected gracilaria algae is preferably washed by seawater to remove the fouling organisms such as the miscellaneous algae, the algae hooked shrimps, the shellfish and the like, and the influence of the fouling organisms on the seedling culture effect in the later-stage seedling culture process is reduced as much as possible.
In the invention, the ratio of the mass of the gracilaria algae seeds to the net surface area of the seedling adhering net 91 is 0.5-1 kg: 1m2(ii) a The amount of algae should not be too much or too little, the seedling adhering rate may be too low due to insufficient biomass when the density is too low, and the growth of the algae or the growth of seedlings attached in later period may be affected by factors such as insufficient nutritive salt and insufficient living space when the density is too high.
In the invention, the salinity of pond water in the seedling attaching pond 7 is 25-33.
In the invention, the time for keeping the flowing water state in the seedling attaching pool 7 is preferably more than or equal to 2h/d, more preferably 2-4 h, and most preferably 1-2 h respectively in the morning and the evening, so as to achieve the purpose of water body exchange and meet the supplement of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and the like required by the gracilaria. The seedling attaching pool 7 can be constructed in a place with a topographic height difference at the seaside, the automation of the semi-flowing water of the seedling attaching pool 7 is realized through the rising tide and the falling tide of the natural seawater, and the seed protection cost is saved. If half-flow water can not be realized through natural seawater fluctuation tide, water can be pumped by a water pump or stored in a reservoir.
In the present invention, during the seed preserving process, it is preferable to further apply nitrogen fertilizer.
In the invention, the Gregorian calendar is in the seedling stage of 5-7 months, and the seed preservation of the gracilaria can be realized through spore attachment by utilizing proper shading and the breeding characteristics of the gracilaria. In the process of seed preservation, if the hybrid algae exist, the hybrid algae are cleaned in time; if continuous rainfall occurs, monitoring the salinity of the water in the seedling attaching pond 7, and when the salinity is lower than 25, adjusting the salinity of the pond by supplementing natural seawater or adding sea salt; and if the typhoon weather occurs, lowering the shading net to be tightly attached to the upper surface of the pool or temporarily recovering the shading net, and hanging the shading net back after the typhoon weather occurs.
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
1. The construction and the semi-flowing water setting of the seedling attaching pool are as follows: the construction of the seedling-attaching pond was carried out on the east sea island of Zhanjiang province in Guangdong province according to the implementation drawing (FIG. 3). The seedling adhering pond is built at a place with a terrain height difference at the sea side. In FIG. 3, 1 is a sand filter water inlet pipe (PVC pipe, outer diameter 11 cm); 2 is a switch; 3, a sand filter (3 m long, 2m wide and 1m high); 4 is a water outlet pipe (the outer diameter is 11cm) of the sand filter; 5, a shading net fixing rod (galvanized iron pipe, length of 30cm and diameter of 8-10 cm); 6 is a shading net (length 11m, width 4 m); 7 is a seedling attaching pool (the length is 11m, the width is 4m, and the height is 2.5-3 m); 8 is the water surface of the seedling attaching pool (the height of the water surface is 0.8-1.2 m); 9 is a seedling adhering net frame (1.2 x 0.5 m); 10 is a water outlet pipe (PVC pipe, the outer diameter is 11cm) at the bottom of the seedling attaching pool; 11 is a water outlet pipe (PVC pipe, height 0.8-1.2 m, outer diameter 11cm) in the seedling attaching pool.
2. Manufacturing and placing a seedling adhering net frame: the seedling adhering net frame 9 is made in advance according to the figure 1 and the figure 2 and is soaked in seawater for 1 month. The soaked seedling attaching net frame 9 is laid at the bottom of the seedling attaching pool 7 with the net surface facing upwards, and a 20cm interval is reserved between the two frames.
3. Insolating and irrigating the seedling attaching pool: after the seedling adhering net frame 9 is placed, the pond and the seedling adhering net frame 9 are exposed for 1 week, and then the seedling adhering net frame 9 and the seedling adhering pond 7 are cleaned. And then, irrigating the seedling attaching pool 7 to the height of a water outlet pipe, and waiting for the input of algae seeds.
4. Collecting and processing natural algae seeds: collecting the heterobrachous gracilaria or the gracilaria subcordiformis in a good growth state in 3-4 months of the gregorian calendar, transporting the heterobrachous gracilaria or the gracilaria subcordiformis back to a seedling raising base, and washing the gracilaria with seawater.
5. Throwing algae seeds and shading: the cleaned gracilaria algae seeds are evenly spread on the seedling net, and the density of the cleaned gracilaria algae seeds is 91-2 kg per seedling adhering net frame. After the algae seeds are put into the pool, shading is carried out by using a shading net 6, the shading net 6 is 20-30 cm away from the upper surface of the seedling attaching pool 7, and the daytime illumination intensity of the pool bottom after shading is kept at 3000-7000 lx.
6. And (4) post management: the stage of attaching seedlings of the Gracilaria verrucosa is 4-5 months, the optimal time of attaching seedlings of the Gracilaria verrucosa is 6-7 months, and the breeding characteristics of the Gracilaria verrucosa and the Gracilaria verrucosa are utilized to realize the seed preservation of the two Gracilaria verrucosa through spore attachment by utilizing proper shading and the breeding characteristics of the Gracilaria verrucosa and the Gracilaria verrucosa. If the miscellaneous algae are found during the seedling adhering period, the cleaning can be carried out; the season is the season when rainwater is frequent in 5-9 months, if continuous rainfall occurs, the salinity of pond water is timely measured, and when the salinity is lower than 20, the salinity of the pond water can be adjusted by supplementing natural seawater or adding sea salt; and in typhoon weather, lowering the shading net 6 until the shading net 6 is tightly attached to the upper surface of the pool or temporarily recovering the shading net 6, and hanging the shading net back after the typhoon.
The seed protection effect is shown in fig. 4 and 5.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A device for protecting gracilaria seeds comprises a seedling attaching pool (7) and a seedling attaching net frame (9) which is paved at the bottom of the seedling attaching pool (7); the seedling adhering net frame (9) comprises a frame and a seedling adhering net (91) fixed on the frame; the aperture of the seedling attaching net (91) is 2-4 cm.
2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the seedling attaching pool (7) is communicated with a water outlet pipe; the pipe orifice of the water outlet pipe penetrates through the side wall of the seedling attaching pool (7) and extends into the seedling attaching pool (7); the vertical height between the pipe opening of the water outlet pipe and the bottom of the seedling attaching pool (7) is 0.8-1.2 m.
3. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a sand filter (3); the sand filter (3) is provided with a sand filter water inlet pipe (1) and a sand filter water outlet pipe (4); the sand filter (3) is communicated with the seedling attaching pool (7) through a sand filter water outlet pipe (4).
4. An apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that the sand filter (3) is fed with the seawater subjected to the dark sedimentation treatment through a sand filter inlet pipe (1).
5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that a shade net is arranged above the top of the seedling attaching pond (7); the vertical distance between the shading net and the upper surface of the seedling attaching pool (7) is 20-30 cm.
6. A method for protecting gracilaria seeds based on the device of any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the following steps:
irrigating water in the seedling attaching pool (7);
the collected gracilaria algae seeds are laid on a seedling attaching net (91) for seed preservation; the collection time of the gracilaria algae is 3-4 months of the gregorian calendar.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the Gracilaria verrucosa algae species comprises Gracilaria Heteroclada algae species or Gracilaria Sinensii algae species.
8. The method according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the ratio of the mass of the Gracilaria algae species to the net surface area of the seedling adhering net (91) is 0.5-1 kg: 1m2。
9. The method according to claim 6, wherein the salinity of the pond water in the seedling pond (7) is 25-33.
10. The method according to claim 6, wherein the pond water in the seedling-attaching pond (7) is kept in a running state for a time not less than 2 h/d.
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Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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