CN107996386B - Method for cultivating thallus of offshore porphyra yezoensis - Google Patents
Method for cultivating thallus of offshore porphyra yezoensis Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107996386B CN107996386B CN201711495951.0A CN201711495951A CN107996386B CN 107996386 B CN107996386 B CN 107996386B CN 201711495951 A CN201711495951 A CN 201711495951A CN 107996386 B CN107996386 B CN 107996386B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- net
- curtain
- ropes
- net curtain
- thallus
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G33/00—Cultivation of seaweed or algae
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
Abstract
A method for cultivating thallus Porphyrae thallus offshore comprises selecting sea area with water depth of 10 m-40 m at low tide; the flow rate of the seawater is 0.5 m/s-3.5 m/s; the total amount of nitrogen is 150mg/m < 3 > -500 mg/m < 3 >; a full-flow raft frame is adopted, the raft frame is parallel to the main wind direction or tide in winter, the top waves are arranged in a downstream manner and are divided into a plurality of large zones, frame floating ropes with the diameter of 18mm are arranged around the large zones, and the frame floating ropes at the four corners of the large zones are sequentially connected and fixed with the hollow ropes, the pile cables and the pile roots; each large area is divided into a plurality of small areas, and each small area is connected with the mesh curtain through the middle floating ropes; the corners of the mesh curtain are hung on the corresponding floating ropes. The layout of the large and small cultivation areas not only facilitates the production operation, but also facilitates the seawater flow and the nutrient supply for the cultivation of thallus Porphyrae without being influenced by the seawater depth, and can be carried out in deeper sea areas. Can ensure the yield and quality and sustainable development.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a laver cultivation technology, in particular to a cultivation method of an offshore porphyra yezoensis thallus.
Background
At present, about 45 ten thousand mu of thallus of Porphyra yezoensis is cultivated in Jiangsu coastal areas, and the thallus of Porphyra yezoensis accounts for more than 98% of the cultivated area of the thallus of Porphyra yezoensis in China; the porphyra yezoensis in Jiangsu province has already formed a relatively complete industrial chain of filament cultivation, thallus cultivation, processing and trade; in 2016, jiangsu province has become the biggest base for culturing, cultivating, processing and exporting the porphyra yezoensis in China, wherein the export of the porphyra yezoensis is 1.61 hundred million dollars through joint inspection and quarantine in Jiangsu province.
However, in 2017, the cultivation yield of thallus Porphyrae in Jiangsu region is less than 1/3 of the normal year, and the cultivation quality of thallus Porphyrae is obviously reduced, which causes this result in many aspects, such as increasing cultivation area of thallus Porphyrae year by year, and causing the space available for thallus Porphyrae cultivation to decrease sharply; the phenomenon of group rotten vegetables is frequent due to overlarge cultivation density of the fronds; the technical level of the thallus cultivation is low, and the idea of eating by the sun is still dominant; the pollution is aggravated, and the ecological environment is worsened; high sea side wind and wave, high risk of cultivating thallus, high cost, etc. During the cultivation of thallus Porphyrae, in certain sea areas, the resources required by the cultivation of thallus Porphyrae provided by the sea are limited, such as space resources, various fertilizers including trace element resources, and the like, and once a certain factor fails to meet the cultivation requirement of thallus Porphyrae, the resources can generate short plate effect, the yield and quality of thallus Porphyrae are greatly reduced, and the cultivation of thallus Porphyrae is difficult to continue.
At present, cultivation modes such as semi-floating flow, inserted link and full-floating flow are mainly adopted for cultivating porphyra yezoensis thallus, more than 60 percent of materials of the floating link or the inserted link adopted for cultivating the thallus are still used by moso bamboos, and the moso bamboos are short and have poor capacities of resisting wind waves and the like; at present, glass rods are used for replacing moso bamboos in some sea areas, but even if the glass steel rods are used for replacing the moso bamboos used by the traditional laver thallus cultivation inserted rods and floating rods, the cultivation of the laver thallus is limited to inshore within 12 m.
The ecology, environmental protection and safety of the glass products are questioned, for example, before processing, the production process of various raw materials of the glass products and the environmental protection and safety problems of the raw materials are solved; the harm of waste gas and waste residue in the production process of glass products; the final decomposition, degradation, burning poison, soil burying and the like of the glass product.
In order to change the current situation, the cultivation of thallus Porphyrae must extend to deep sea, so as to obtain larger cultivation space of thallus Porphyrae; the problems existing in the process of the laver thallus cultivation advancing to the deep sea are solved, and the sustainable and healthy development of the laver thallus cultivation is ensured by utilizing a scientific and reasonable thallus cultivation mode and a thallus cultivation technology.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of the prior art and provides an offshore porphyra yezoensis thallus cultivation method which ensures the yield and quality and can be continuously developed.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by the following technical scheme, and the method for cultivating the thallus of the offshore porphyra yezoensis is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
selection of sea area for cultivation of thallus
Selecting a sea area with the water depth of 10 m-40 m at low tide for cultivating the thallus Porphyrae; the flow rate of seawater in the culture sea area of the thallus is 0.5 m/s-3.5 m/s; the total nitrogen content is 150mg/m 3-500 mg/m3;
adopts a full-floating raft frame
The raft frame is parallel to the main wind direction or tide in winter, the top waves are arranged downstream, and the raft frame is divided into a plurality of large areas, and the distance between every two large areas is 100 m;
the raft frame is combined with the raft frame,
frame floating ropes with the diameter of 18mm are arranged around the large area, and the frame floating ropes at the four corners of the large area are connected and fixed with the pile roots through the frame floating ropes and the pile cables in sequence;
each large area is divided into a plurality of cells, the specification of each cell is 200m multiplied by 5m, the interval between the cells is 2 to 2.5m, the interval becomes an operation ship navigation channel and a personnel production operation channel, the seawater flow is facilitated, the nutrient exchange between the cells is increased, and the yield and the quality of the laver are improved;
each small area is connected with the large area frame by an intermediate floating boom with the diameter of 16 mm; each cell is connected with two rows of the net curtains by the middle floating boom, and each row of the net curtains is 10 pieces; transversely placing an environment-friendly rod at intervals of 2.5-3 m from one end of the bottom of each net curtain of each cell to the other end;
the corners of the mesh curtain are hung on the corresponding floating ropes, the environment-friendly rods are perforated at a plurality of positions, are supported at the bottom of the mesh curtain and are fixed on the mesh curtain, one end of each environment-friendly rod is mutually connected with the adjacent environment-friendly rods through the perforations, and the other end of each environment-friendly rod is fixed on the connected floating ropes; connecting pull ropes are arranged below the environment-friendly rods, one ends of the connecting pull ropes are connected to one ends of the environment-friendly rods close to the floating boom, and one ends of the connecting pull ropes are provided with fixed hooks; during the cultivation of thallus Porphyrae, the connecting pull rope is pulled to be tight and connected by the hook, the connecting pull rope and the environment-friendly rod are mutually supported into a triangle in a plane vertical to the water surface, and the thallus Porphyrae net curtain floats out of the water surface to dry out thallus Porphyrae;
net curtain
The specification of the net curtain is 9 m-9.3 m in length and 1.65 m-1.75 m in width; adopting an edge adding mode, using a polyethylene rope with the diameter of 6 mm-7 mm as a border line, and reserving buckling noses of hanging corners at four corners; leveling the two-side net curtain by using a polyethylene lifting rope with the diameter of 6mm and the length of 3 m-4 m;
airing net and networking
The net curtain is buried, cleaned, aired and repaired,
combining the arranged net curtains according to the marine seedling raising mode and the thickness of net curtain ropes; 3 to 4 net curtains are used as a group and are overlapped flatly, and the net ropes are buckled at intervals of l m to form a whole, and the sizes and the tightness of the net curtains in each group of net ropes are consistent;
collecting shell spore seedling
Ensuring the uniformity and density of the spatfall during seedling picking;
emergence of seedlings at sea
(1) Selection of emergence zone
The sea area for seedling emergence is selected near the sea area for laver thallus cultivation, so that seedling damage caused by transportation is avoided; the seedling emergence area is selected at a place with relatively small wind waves, so that the loss of seedlings which are just attached to the net curtain is reduced;
(2) The hanging net is dried out
After the seedling-raising curtain is taken off the sea, lifting the net for the 1 st time after 3 to 4 days, and aiming at removing diatoms and floating mud attached to the net curtain and keeping the net curtain slightly dry;
under the condition that the net curtain is clean and has no attachments, hanging and drying for 1 time every 1 day, or only hanging the net to dry out in the night tide, the morning and the evening tide (before the water temperature is 15 ℃); in frost days, drying out the hanging net after the air temperature rises again in the daytime;
and (3) drying the screen: 1.5h for the 1 st time, 2 h-3 h for the 2 nd time, and basically keeping the time within 2 h-4 h;
(4) Dry-out method
In the stage of laver seedling emergence and thallus cultivation at sea, when laver is to be dried, two boats are used for running at two sides of a cell, two persons operate simultaneously, a rod with a hook is used for hooking pull ropes below a pull ring protection rod, and when a laver net curtain is exposed out of the water surface and meets the technical requirements, the pull ropes at the two sides are tensioned and connected to form a triangular drying frame; when the laver in the net curtain is dried out and meets the technical requirements, the pull rope hook at the bottom edge of the tripod is unfastened, and the laver net curtain falls into the sea;
(5) Brine treatment
Under the conditions that seedlings are not seen by naked eyes and floating mud, long hair and the like are attached to the net curtain, the dehydration performance of saturated saline water is utilized to simulate drying; the net curtain can be sprayed for 4min to 8min when the water is soaked in saturated salt water or is dried out. Drying the net after 1 day after treatment;
(6) Other management
The tightness of the net curtains in the net group is consistent, the whole net curtain does not droop, and damaged facilities and net curtains are repaired in time;
when the net curtain is wrapped by oil sludge and the effect is not achieved after drying, the net should be washed in time by a high-pressure pump;
cultivation and management of thallus
(1) Net separation
When the seedlings grow to 1 cm-3 cm, the seedlings are separated in time, namely, the original combined net curtains are separated into single pieces and hung;
(2) Fertilizing
In order to promote the growth of thallus Porphyrae, after the net curtain is dried, spraying nitrogen fertilizer to the net curtain before the net curtain falls into seawater, and using urea in an amount of 1.5-2kg per mu.
(3) Drying net
The drying time of the prophase of the cultivation of the fronds is 3 to 5 days, the duration time is 4 to 12 hours, the metaphase is 5 to 7 days, and the duration time is 1 to 2 days; the later period is 7-8 days, and the duration is 2-3 days.
(4) Collecting vegetables
When the length of the frond body on the net curtain is 15 cm-20 cm, harvesting is started; harvesting every 7-10 days according to the water temperature or the growth speed of the algae;
and (5) timely transporting the collected raw algae to a laver processing plant.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention can be further realized by the following technical scheme, and the length of the algae left after harvesting is 5 cm-8 cm.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention can be further realized by the following technical scheme that when the net is aired,
the new network: boiling, soaking, airing, repairing, networking, airing again, collecting and transporting;
boiling: boiling the new net curtain with hot water to remove oil and fat in the production process of the net curtain;
soaking: soaking the boiled new net in clean fresh water for more than 1 month, further removing oil and fat infected in the production process of the net curtain, and then airing and combining;
old network: burying, cleaning by a high-pressure pump in a water tank, burying and cleaning again, airing, repairing, networking, airing again, collecting and transporting;
burying, namely burying the net curtain in a mud pit in time after the laver cultivation is finished and the net curtain is pulled to the shore, adding water to submerge and bury the net curtain, and aiming at accelerating the decay of algae and the like on the net curtain;
after the net curtain is buried at the bottom for more than 6 months, the net curtain is taken out from the buried position after spring festival and then cleaned for the first time, a water vat and other similar containers are laid on the side, the net curtain is placed at the bottom of the water vat and other containers according to the size of the water vat and other containers, and the net curtain is repeatedly washed by a high-pressure water pump until clear water flows out of the containers;
and (3) washing for the second time: part of the net curtain which is not rotten is required to be added with water again to be piled up and rotten, and the net curtain is washed again to ensure that the net curtain does not contain substances which influence the seedling collection of the conchospores;
drying and repairing: and cleaning and drying the net curtain, and then repairing the net curtain.
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention can be further solved by the following technical solutions,
the floating ropes are made of polyethylene ropes or flax ropes with the diameter of 16 mm-18 mm, and the frame specification of the floating ropes is a rectangle of 80m x 200 m; two ends of the frame are respectively kept at a 20-50 m empty boom; the pile cable is made of polyethylene ropes or flax ropes with the diameter of 20mm, and the length of the pile cable is 4-7 times of the depth of the high tide water;
the method comprises the steps of bundling acacia trees or pine trees with the length of 3 m-5 m into pile roots with the diameter of 15 cm-20 cm, burying wood piles in the sea bottom in a mode of manual fighting and the like, wherein the burying depth is 2 m-3 m, and exposing the mud bottom for 1-2 m;
the technical problem to be solved by the invention can be further realized by the following technical proposal, a floating rod, a buoy and a floating ball,
the floating barrel has the length of 80 cm and the diameter of 50 cm, is an anti-aging special float,
the floating ball is a plastic foam floater with the diameter of 10 cm,
the floating barrels are fixed on the floating ropes at the two ends of each cell; the floating ball is fixed at the joint of each environment-friendly rod and the floating boom.
Compared with the prior art, the large and small cultivation areas are distributed, so that the production operation is facilitated, and the problems that the laver cultivation density is too high in a local sea area and the like are avoided; more water channels are reserved in and outside the thallus cultivation area of the utility model, so that the seawater flow and the nutrition supply for the thallus cultivation of the laver are facilitated, and the smooth channel is also facilitated. The invention is not influenced by the depth of the seawater and can be carried out in deeper sea areas.
The technical processes of net washing and networking which are easy to neglect are defined and refined, and the conditions that net curtain seedling adhering is difficult, a plurality of empty nets, seedling adhering is uneven, seedling is wasted, cultivation fails and the like which are easy to occur in the traditional conchospore seedling collection are avoided to a certain extent.
The drying problem during the laver cultivation period is clarified, which comprises different times of marine seedling emergence and cultivation stages, drying time under different conditions, drying modes, attention points and the like. The problem of attachment of the miscellaneous algae is solved to a certain extent; poor seedling emergence, slow growth of fronds and low yield; the failure of laver cultivation is caused by the technical error of offshore seedling culture. And so on.
According to the actual production operation, the problem of treating the laver net curtain diseases by strong brine is provided. The technology is a new environment-friendly technology for treating diseases such as laver heterophyta and floating mud after cold storage of a net and acid treatment of the diseases such as laver heterophyta.
Aiming at the problems of vegetable rotting and the like caused by insufficient nutrition during the cultivation of the marine laver, the patent provides a technical standard for fertilization.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a layout view of a full float raft according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic drawing of the corner bracket.
Detailed Description
The following further describes particular embodiments of the present invention to facilitate further understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, and does not constitute a limitation to the right thereof.
A method for cultivating thallus Porphyrae offshore,
as shown in the figure: 1. a hollow rope, a pile cable 2, a buoy 3, a tripod stay rope 4, a floating ball 5, a mesh curtain 6, a floating rod (environment-friendly rod) 7, a large-area four-side floating rope 8, a small-area partition channel 10, a corner rope 11, a tripod stay rope 12 and a tripod;
1. selection of sea area for cultivation of thallus
Selecting a sea area with the water depth of 10 m-40 m at low tide for cultivating the thallus Porphyrae; the flow rate of seawater in the culture sea area of the thallus is 0.5 m/s-3.5 m/s; the total nitrogen content is 150mg/m 3-500 mg/m3;
2. adopts a full floating raft frame
The raft frame is parallel to the main wind direction or tide in winter, the top waves are arranged downstream, the raft frame is divided into a plurality of large areas, and the distance between every two large areas is 100 m;
1. raft frame combination
The rectangular single frame is a large area, and the specification is 200m multiplied by 80m; and the periphery of the large area is provided with 18mm floating ropes, and the floating ropes at the four corners of the large area are sequentially connected and fixed with the stake through the air ropes and the stake ropes.
Each large area is divided into 11 cells, the specification of each cell is 200m multiplied by 5m, the interval between the cells is 2.5m, the interval becomes an operation ship navigation channel and a personnel production operation channel, the seawater flow is facilitated, the nutrient exchange between the cells is increased, and the yield and the quality of the laver are improved. Each cell is provided with 3 200m long floating ropes with the diameter of 16mm, and the floating ropes are connected with the large-area frame (the small zones on the two longitudinal sides of the large area respectively share 1 floating rope on the frame with the large area); two rows of net curtains are connected in each plot through intermediate floating ropes, and 10 net curtains with the side length of 9 m-9.3 m and the width of 1.65 m-1.75 m are arranged in each row. 20 net curtains are placed in each small area, 220 net curtains are placed in each large area, the calculation is 1 mu according to 180m & lt 2 & gt, and the net curtains are placed in each large area by about 20 mu.
Starting from one end of the bottom of each net curtain of each cell to the other end, transversely placing 1 environmental-friendly rod at intervals of 2.5-3 m, wherein the specification of the environmental-friendly rods is as long as 70 mm multiplied by 60 mm multiplied by 2.5m, placing 67 environmental-friendly rods in each row of net curtains of each cell, 134 rods in each cell and 1474 rods in each large zone, and the total length is 3685m.
The corners of the mesh curtain are hung on the corresponding floating ropes, the environment-friendly rods are perforated at a plurality of positions, are supported at the bottom of the mesh curtain and are fixed on the mesh curtain, one end of each environment-friendly rod is mutually connected with the adjacent environment-friendly rods through the perforations, and the other end of each environment-friendly rod is fixed on the connected floating ropes; connecting pull ropes are arranged below the environment-friendly rods, one end of each connecting pull rope is connected to one end of the environment-friendly rod close to the floating boom, and a fixed hook is arranged at one end of each connecting pull rope; during the cultivation of thallus Porphyrae, the stay cord is tensioned by pulling, and is connected with the environmental protection rod by the hook, the stay cord and the environmental protection rod are mutually supported into a triangle in a plane vertical to the water surface, and the thallus Porphyrae net curtain floats out of the water surface to dry the thallus Porphyrae.
2. Boom, cable and pile
The floating rope is made of a polyethylene rope or a linen rope with the diameter of 16 mm-18 mm, and the frame specification of the floating rope is a rectangle of 80m x 200 m; both ends of the frame are respectively kept in 20-50 m (5-8 times of local tidal range) idle ropes; the pile cable is made of polyethylene ropes or flax ropes with the diameter of 20mm, and the length of the pile cable is 4-7 times of the depth of the high tide water.
The method comprises the steps of rolling a locust tree or a pine tree with the length of 3 m-5 m into a pile root with the diameter of 15 cm-20 cm, burying a wood pile in the sea bottom by a manual fighting mode and the like, wherein the burying depth is 2 m-3 m, and exposing the mud bottom by 1-2 m.
3. Float rod, float bowl and float ball
The floating rod is an assumed environment-friendly rod, and the environment-friendly rod can be produced with the continuous development of science and technology. The method solves the defects of short length, high working strength, easy crushing and the like of the moso bamboo, and avoids the problems of ecology, environmental protection, safety and the like possibly existing in glass rod products.
The floating barrel has the length of 80 cm and the diameter of 50 cm, and is an anti-aging special float.
The floating ball is a plastic foam floater with the diameter of 10 cm.
The floating barrel is fixed on the floating ropes at the two ends of each small area; the floating ball is fixed at the joint of each environment-friendly rod and the floating boom.
4. Harvesting ship and harvesting machine
The specifications of the laver net curtain and the frame are matched according to the width of the laver net curtain and the frame.
3. Net curtain
The specification of the net wires is mainly 108 strands, and a proper amount of 117 strands can be adopted; polyethylene and vinylon in a ratio of 4:6, and twisting in a nine-ply and three-ply mode; the meshes are 28 cm-30 cm, and are mostly rhombus; the specification of the net curtain is generally 9 m-9.3 m in length and 1.65 m-1.75 m in width; the net curtain with diamond meshes generally adopts a mode of adding edges, a polyethylene rope with the diameter of 6 mm-7 mm is used as a border line, and four corners are provided with buckling noses for hanging corners; the two side curtains were leveled by a polyethylene boom rope of diameter 6mm and length 3m to 4 m.
4. Washing net and assembling net
The technical process comprises the following steps:
old network: burying, cleaning by a high-pressure pump in a water tank, burying and cleaning again, airing, repairing, networking, airing again, collecting and transporting.
The new network: boiling, soaking, airing, repairing, networking, airing again, collecting and transporting.
Boiling: the new net curtain is boiled with hot water to remove the grease in the production process of the net curtain.
Soaking: and soaking the boiled new net in clean fresh water for more than 1 month, further removing oil and fat infected in the production process of the net curtain, and then airing and combining.
Burying, namely burying the net curtain in a mud pit in time after the laver cultivation is finished and the net curtain is pulled to the shore, adding water to submerge and bury the net curtain, and aiming at accelerating the decay of algae and the like on the net curtain.
Cleaning for the first time: after the net curtain buried at the bottom for more than 6 months is taken out from the buried position after spring festival, the first time of cleaning is carried out, a water vat and other similar containers are laid on the side, the net curtain is placed at the bottom of the water vat and other containers according to the size of the water vat and other containers, and the high-pressure water pump is used for repeatedly washing until clear water flows out of the containers.
And (3) washing for the second time: the net curtain with partial un-rotten algae needs to be added with water again to be piled up and stored to be rotten and washed again, and the net curtain is guaranteed to be free of substances influencing shell spore seedling collection.
Drying and repairing: after the net curtain is cleaned and dried in the sun, the net curtain is repaired, the quality of the used net curtain rope needs to be paid attention, and a non-vinylon product is not used; the whole process ensures that the net curtain is not polluted by silt and dust, and ensures that the water quality is not turbid and the seedling collecting progress is not influenced due to the problem of the net curtain during seedling collecting.
Networking and drying: combining the aired net curtains according to a marine seedling raising mode and the thickness of net curtain ropes; 3-4 net curtains are used as a group and overlapped flatly, and a knot is made on the net rope at intervals of l m, so that the net curtain is integrated. The size and tightness of the net curtain in each group of nets should be consistent.
The net curtain which is not completely dried needs to be aired again, so that the net curtain is prevented from mildewing and having peculiar smell due to excessive moisture.
And (3) transportation: in the transportation process of the net curtain, canvas and the like are used for covering, so that the influence of dust on the way is prevented.
5. Collecting shell spore seedling
The collection of the conchospores is related to the success or failure of the cultivation of thallus Porphyrae. The proper density is the guarantee of high yield, and the uniform seedling adhering is guaranteed when the seedlings are picked.
6. Emergence of seedlings at sea
(1) Selection of emergence zone
Two principles are followed: the sea area for seedling emergence is selected near the sea area for laver thallus cultivation, so that seedling damage caused by transportation is avoided; the seedling emergence area is selected at a place with relatively small wind waves, so that the loss of seedlings which are just attached to the net curtain is reduced.
(2) The hanging net is dried out
After the seedling raising curtain is lowered into the sea, the 1 st net hanging is carried out after 3-4 days, so that diatoms and floating mud attached to the net curtain are removed, the net curtain is generally kept slightly dry, and the drying time is not more than 1.5 hours.
Under the condition that the net curtain is clean and has no attachments, hanging and drying for 1 time at intervals of 1d, or hanging the net to dry out only at night tide, morning and evening tide (before the water temperature is 15 ℃); and in the frost day, drying the hanging net after the air temperature rises again in the day.
General screen drying time: 1 st time for 1.5h, 2 nd time for 2-3 h, and then basically keeping within 2-4 h.
Mastering the principle: the laver growth time is prolonged as far as possible while keeping the net curtain clean.
(4) Dry-out method
In the stage of laver seedling emergence and thallus cultivation at sea, when laver is to be dried, two boats run at two sides of a cell, two persons operate simultaneously, a rod with a hook is used for hooking pull ropes below a pull ring protection rod, and when a laver net curtain is exposed out of the water and meets the technical requirements, the pull ropes at the two sides are tensioned and connected to form a triangular drying frame; when the laver in the net curtain is dried out and meets the technical requirements, the pull rope hook at the bottom edge of the tripod is unfastened, and the laver net curtain falls into the sea.
Collecting laver or other management according to conventional laver cultivation
(5) Brine treatment
Under the conditions that seedlings are not seen by naked eyes and floating mud, long hair and the like are attached to the net curtain, the dehydration performance of saturated saline water is utilized to simulate drying; the net curtain can be sprayed for 4min to 8min when the water is soaked in saturated salt water or is dried out. After treatment, the net drying and other works are carried out after the treatment is carried out for 1 d.
(6) Other management (Red font is the part also adopted by the traditional frond cultivation mode (method))
The tightness of the net curtains in the net group is consistent, the whole net curtain does not droop, and damaged facilities and net curtains are repaired in time.
When the net curtain is wrapped by oil sludge and no effect is produced, the net can be washed in time by using a high-pressure pump.
7. Cultivation and management of thallus
(1) Net separation
When the seedlings grow to 1 cm-3 cm, the seedlings are separated in time, namely the original combined net curtains are separated and hung by a single sheet.
(2) Fertilising
In order to promote the growth of thallus Porphyrae, nitrogen fertilizer, urea, is sprayed to the net curtain after the net curtain is dried and before the net curtain falls into seawater, and the dosage of urea is 35kg per large area (20 mu).
(3) Drying net
The drying time in the earlier stage (before spring festival) of the thallus cultivation is 3d to 5d, the duration is 4h to 12h, the middle stage (after spring festival to 3 middle ten days) is 5d to 7d, and the duration is 1d to 2d; the later period (from spring festival to 4 middle ten days later) is 7 d-8 d, and the duration is 2 d-3 d.
8. Collecting vegetables
When the length of the frond body on the net curtain is 15 cm-20 cm, starting harvesting; harvesting once every 7 d-10 d according to the water temperature or the growth speed of algae; the finished vegetables can be harvested until 3 to 4 months in the next year.
The length of the algae left after harvesting is preferably 5 cm-8 cm.
9. Matters of attention
(1) In relation to dry-out
The drying time and the duration are determined according to specific conditions;
avoiding strong illumination, and adopting a shade drying method as much as possible;
when the temperature is lower than minus 7 ℃, the screen is not suitable to be dried;
the net should be sunned once in the laver harvesting interval, and the process is generally carried out just after the laver harvesting every time.
(2) For harvesting vegetables
The strong wind is preceded by concentrated force organization for rush harvesting;
the collection is carried out frequently, so that the adhesion of diatom and the like caused by too long growth time is prevented;
the collected raw algae should be put into containers such as bamboo baskets and the like for transportation;
the collected raw algae should be transported to the laver processing plant in time.
Claims (4)
1. A method for cultivating thallus of offshore porphyra yezoensis, which is characterized in that:
1. selection of sea area for cultivation of thallus
Selecting a sea area with the water depth of 10 m-40 m at low tide for cultivating the thallus Porphyrae; the flow rate of the seawater in the thallus cultivating sea area is 0.5 m/s-3.5 m/s; the total nitrogen content is 150mg/m 3-500 mg/m3;
2. adopts a full floating raft frame
The raft frame is parallel to the main wind direction or tide in winter, and is arranged downstream of the top waves and divided into a plurality of large areas;
the raft frame combination comprises frame floating ropes arranged at the periphery of the large area, and the frame floating ropes at the four corners of the large area are sequentially connected and fixed with the pile roots through the air ropes and the pile cables;
each large area is divided into a plurality of cells, the interval between the cells is 2-2.5 m, the interval becomes an operation ship navigation channel and a personnel production operation channel, the seawater flow is facilitated, the nutrient exchange between the cells is increased, and the yield and the quality of the laver are improved;
each small area is connected with the large area frame by the middle floating boom; each cell is connected with two rows of the net curtains by the middle floating boom, and each row of the net curtains is 10 pieces; transversely placing an environment-friendly rod at intervals of 2.5-3 m from one end of the bottom of each net curtain of each cell to the other end;
the corners of the mesh curtain are hung on the corresponding floating ropes, the environment-friendly rods are perforated and supported at the bottom of the mesh curtain and fixed on the mesh curtain, one end of each environment-friendly rod is mutually connected with the adjacent environment-friendly rods through the perforations, and the other end of each environment-friendly rod is fixed on the connected floating ropes; connecting pull ropes are arranged below the environment-friendly rods, one ends of the connecting pull ropes are connected to one ends of the environment-friendly rods close to the floating boom, and one ends of the connecting pull ropes are provided with fixed hooks; during the cultivation of thallus Porphyrae, the connecting pull rope is pulled to be tight and connected by the hook, the connecting pull rope and the environment-friendly rod are mutually supported into a triangle in a plane vertical to the water surface, and the thallus Porphyrae net curtain floats out of the water surface to dry out thallus Porphyrae;
3. net curtain
The specification of the net curtain is 9 m-9.3 m in length and 1.65 m-1.75 m in width; adopting an edge adding mode, using ropes with the diameter of 6 mm-7 mm as the outline, and reserving buckling noses of hanging corners at four corners; leveling the two side net curtains by the lifting ropes;
4. airing and networking
The net curtain is buried, cleaned, aired and repaired,
combining the arranged net curtains according to the marine seedling raising mode and the thickness of net curtain ropes; 3 to 4 net curtains are used as a group and are overlapped flatly, and the net ropes are buckled at intervals of l m to form a whole, and the sizes and the tightness of the net curtains in each group of net ropes are consistent;
5. collecting shell spore seedling
Ensuring the uniformity and density of the spatfall during seedling picking;
6. at sea, seedling emergence
(1) Selection of emergence zone
The sea area for seedling emergence is selected near the sea area for laver thallus cultivation, so that seedling damage caused by transportation is avoided; the seedling emergence area is selected at a place with relatively small wind waves, so that the loss of seedlings which are just attached to the net curtain is reduced;
(2) The hanging net is dried out
After the seedling raising curtain is released into the sea, carrying out 1 st net hanging after 3 to 4 days, and aiming at removing diatoms and floating mud attached to the net curtain and keeping the net curtain slightly dry;
under the condition that the net curtain is clean and has no attachments, hanging and drying for 1 time every 1 day, or only hanging the net to dry out in the night tide, the morning and the evening tide (before the water temperature is 15 ℃); in frost days, drying out the hanging net after the air temperature rises again in the daytime;
and (3) screen drying time: 1.5h for the 1 st time, 2 h-3 h for the 2 nd time, and basically keeping the time within 2 h-4 h;
(4) Dry-out method
In the stage of laver seedling emergence and thallus cultivation at sea, when laver is to be dried, two boats are used for running at two sides of a cell, two persons operate simultaneously, a rod with a hook is used for hooking pull ropes below a pull ring protection rod, and when a laver net curtain is exposed out of the water surface and meets the technical requirements, the pull ropes at the two sides are tensioned and connected to form a triangular drying frame; when the laver in the net curtain is dried out and meets the technical requirements, the pull rope hook at the bottom edge of the tripod is unfastened, and the laver net curtain falls into the sea;
(5) Brine treatment
Under the conditions that seedlings are not seen by naked eyes and floating mud, long hair and the like are attached to the net curtain, the dehydration performance of saturated saline water is utilized to simulate drying; the net curtain can be sprayed for 4min to 8min when the water is soaked by saturated salt water or is dried out;
drying the net after 1 day after treatment;
(6) Other management
The tightness of the net curtains in the net group is consistent, the whole net curtain does not droop, and damaged facilities and net curtains are repaired in time;
when the net curtain is wrapped by oil sludge and the effect is not achieved after drying, the net should be washed in time by a high-pressure pump;
7. cultivation and management of thallus
(1) Sub-network
When the seedlings grow to 1 cm-3 cm, the seedlings are separated in time, namely, the original combined net curtains are separated into single pieces and hung;
(2) Fertilizing
In order to promote the growth of thallus of laver, after the net curtain is dried out, spraying nitrogen fertilizer to the net curtain just before the net curtain falls into seawater, and using urea with the dosage of 1.5 to 2kg per mu;
(3) Drying net
The drying time of the prophase of the cultivation of the fronds is 3 to 5 days, the duration time is 4 to 12 hours, the metaphase is 5 to 7 days, and the duration time is 1 to 2 days; the later period is 7 to 8 days, and the duration is 2 to 3 days;
8. collecting vegetables
When the length of the frond body on the net curtain is 15 cm-20 cm, harvesting is started; harvesting once every 7-10 days according to the water temperature or the growth speed of the algae;
and (5) timely transporting the collected raw algae to a laver processing plant.
2. The method of cultivating thallus Porphyrae offshore according to claim 1, wherein: the length of the algae left after harvesting is 5 cm-8 cm.
3. The method of cultivating thallus Porphyrae offshore according to claim 1, wherein:
airing net
The new network: boiling, soaking, airing, repairing, networking, airing again, collecting and transporting;
boiling: boiling the new net curtain with hot water to remove oil and fat in the production process of the net curtain;
soaking: soaking the boiled new net in clean fresh water for more than 1 month, further removing oil and fat infected in the production process of the net curtain, and then airing and combining;
old network: burying, cleaning by a high-pressure pump in a water tank, burying and cleaning again, airing, repairing, networking, airing again, collecting and transporting;
burying, namely burying the net curtain in a mud pit in time after the laver cultivation is finished and the net curtain is pulled to the shore, adding water to submerge and bury the net curtain, and aiming at accelerating the decay of algae and the like on the net curtain;
after the net curtain is buried at the bottom for more than 6 months, the net curtain is taken out from the buried position after spring festival and then cleaned for the first time, a water vat and other similar containers are laid on the side, the net curtain is placed at the bottom of the water vat and other containers according to the size of the water vat and other containers, and the net curtain is repeatedly washed by a high-pressure water pump until clear water flows out of the containers;
and (3) washing for the second time: part of the net curtain which is not rotten is required to be added with water again to be piled up and stored to be rotten and washed again, and the net curtain is guaranteed to be free of substances which have influences on the shell spore seedling collection.
4. The method of cultivating thallus Porphyrae offshore according to claim 1, wherein: the floating ropes are made of polyethylene ropes or flax ropes with the diameter of 16 mm-18 mm, and the frame specification of the floating ropes is a rectangle of 80m x 200 m; two ends of the frame are respectively kept at a 20-50 m empty boom; the pile cable is made of polyethylene ropes or flax ropes with the diameter of 20mm, and the length of the pile cable is 4-7 times of the depth of the high tide water; the wooden pile is buried in the sea bottom as a pile root by a mode of manual fighting and the like, the burying depth is 2 m-3 m, and the mud bottom is exposed by 1-2 m.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711495951.0A CN107996386B (en) | 2017-12-31 | 2017-12-31 | Method for cultivating thallus of offshore porphyra yezoensis |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711495951.0A CN107996386B (en) | 2017-12-31 | 2017-12-31 | Method for cultivating thallus of offshore porphyra yezoensis |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN107996386A CN107996386A (en) | 2018-05-08 |
| CN107996386B true CN107996386B (en) | 2023-03-07 |
Family
ID=62049881
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711495951.0A Active CN107996386B (en) | 2017-12-31 | 2017-12-31 | Method for cultivating thallus of offshore porphyra yezoensis |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN107996386B (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111134004A (en) * | 2018-11-06 | 2020-05-12 | 中国科学院海洋研究所 | Laver cultivation device combined with floating and sinking cultivation net cages and use method |
| CN109942329A (en) * | 2019-05-06 | 2019-06-28 | 淮海工学院 | A kind of Porphyra yezoensis foliar nutrition hardening agent and its application method |
| CN111837933B (en) * | 2020-08-24 | 2022-03-25 | 陆丰蓝葆海洋资源开发有限公司 | Method for cultivating excellent laver |
| GB2616867A (en) * | 2022-03-22 | 2023-09-27 | Seagrown Ltd | Macroalgae cultivation |
| CN115380814A (en) * | 2022-09-28 | 2022-11-25 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 | Porphyra yezoensis plant factory production system and method |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH05168357A (en) * | 1991-12-17 | 1993-07-02 | Tokuaki Katsura | Device for drying up floating type laver-culturing material |
| CN101021037A (en) * | 2006-05-28 | 2007-08-22 | 王继良 | Wrap net for algae culturing and its wrapping fluid |
| CN101580301A (en) * | 2008-05-13 | 2009-11-18 | 上海水产大学 | Ecological repairing method of porphyry macroalgae to eutrophic open sea area |
| CN102210272A (en) * | 2010-04-06 | 2011-10-12 | 莱阳市水产养殖总公司 | Estuarine gulf sea cucumber pond culture method |
| CN201986494U (en) * | 2011-03-22 | 2011-09-28 | 南通海达水产食品有限公司 | Improved lifting raft culture device for pyezoensis neritic area |
-
2017
- 2017-12-31 CN CN201711495951.0A patent/CN107996386B/en active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN107996386A (en) | 2018-05-08 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN107996386B (en) | Method for cultivating thallus of offshore porphyra yezoensis | |
| Sahoo et al. | Mariculture of seaweeds | |
| CN100526234C (en) | Method for treating eutrophication water body by waterborne cultivated plant | |
| CN107410140A (en) | A kind of pond ecological industrialization circulating water cultivation and cleaning system | |
| CN101580301A (en) | Ecological repairing method of porphyry macroalgae to eutrophic open sea area | |
| CN101580302A (en) | Ecological repairing method of sphagna macroalgae to eutrophic open sea area | |
| CN207070757U (en) | A kind of pond ecological industrialization circulating water cultivation and cleaning system | |
| CN106171816A (en) | A kind of construction method of breeding pollution beach Rhizophora apiculata Blume | |
| CN105746330A (en) | Asparagus pond culture method | |
| CN110150114B (en) | Stem section transplanting method for water culture hippocampus | |
| JP2006025783A (en) | Floating island for luxuriantly growing water quality-purifying plant and method for producing and installing the same | |
| CN203021359U (en) | Planting device of floating plants in running water | |
| CN1843085A (en) | Cladosiphon okamuranusa marine cultivation method | |
| CN103688843B (en) | Alternate culture method of sargassum thunbergii and kelp | |
| KR101657131B1 (en) | Afforestation devices that expand vegetation to lake surfaces to prevent algal blooms | |
| CN104938323B (en) | Over-summer seedling culture method for juvenile sporophytes of gulfweeds in mixed water area | |
| JP2014042492A (en) | Aquatic life culture system comprising hydroponics | |
| CN204779055U (en) | Three -dimensional bed that floats of arch | |
| CN104957025B (en) | It is a kind of to prevent and treat the method that green alga grows nonparasitically upon another plant on seaweed cultivation raft frame | |
| CN211241327U (en) | Fish, shrimp and crab pond culture system | |
| CN1771789A (en) | Marine cultivation method of Okinawa Cladosiphon okamuranus | |
| Beavis et al. | An economic appraisal for the onshore cultivation of Laminaria spp | |
| CN106172123B (en) | A kind of Corbicula fluminea high-yield cultivation method | |
| Trono et al. | A review of the production technologies of tropical species of economic seaweeds | |
| CN204779053U (en) | Three -dimensional bed that floats of triangle -shaped |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |