CN115380814A - Porphyra yezoensis plant factory production system and method - Google Patents
Porphyra yezoensis plant factory production system and method Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G33/00—Cultivation of seaweed or algae
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
- A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
- A01G31/06—Hydroponic culture on racks or in stacked containers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of water culture planting in plant factories, and provides a porphyra yezoensis plant factory production system and a method. The production system comprises a suspension filament culture system and a frond mesh curtain culture system; the suspension filament culture process comprises the following steps: a rapid growth period of the filament, a formation period of the shell sporangium branch, and a mature period of the shell sporangium branch; the cultivation process of the frond mesh curtain comprises the following steps: seedling stage and leaf forming stage. The production method of the invention adjusts the environmental conditions such as light intensity, light quality, light period, nutrient solution formula, nutrient solution temperature, water flow speed and the like according to the characteristics required by porphyra yezoensis in different growth periods. The invention solves the problem that the current production of the porphyra yezoensis is limited by seasons and seawater pollution, and simultaneously shortens the production period of the porphyra yezoensis, so that the production of the porphyra yezoensis is more efficient, safer and more stable.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant factory water culture planting, in particular to a porphyra yezoensis plant factory production system and method.
Background
In the genus of Porphyra, porphyra yezoensis is a raw material for many characteristic diets due to its high nutritive value and delicate flavor, such as roasted thallus Porphyrae for sushi and "instant seasoned thallus Porphyrae" on the market, which are raw materials of Porphyra yezoensis.
At present, the artificial cultivation of the porphyra yezoensis is carried out in two parts, namely, the cultivation of the filament on the land and the cultivation of the thallus in the sea area; the special seedling raising room is built on land for raising seedlings, after the filament body is mature, the conchospores are collected and transplanted to the sea area (the specific gravity of seawater is 1.016-1.022, the total nitrogen content is 200 mg/m) 3 The flow rate is 30-50cm/s, and the COD is lower than 3g/m 3 ) And (5) cultivating.
However, the existing porphyra yezoensis production has the following problems: firstly, the limitation by regions and seasons is serious, the different growth stages of the porphyra yezoensis have great difference to the temperature adaptation, in the whole life history, monospores, fruit spores and conchospores alternately appear, and the respective ecological reactions are adaptive to the seasons, so that the growth period is longer. As the growth and development of porphyra yezoensis thallus have higher requirements on temperature environment, the porphyra yezoensis thallus is easy to rot in seawater at the temperature higher than 20 ℃, and the price of the porphyra yezoensis thallus is high due to the longer growth period and the more critical growth environment in the traditional artificial cultivation of the porphyra yezoensis.
In addition, when nuclear wastewater is discharged into the sea, the seawater is polluted, the offshore culture environment condition of the porphyra yezoensis is not optimistic, and some radioactive elements in the nuclear wastewater, such as radioactive tritium, carbon 14, strontium 90, iodine 129 and cobalt 16, can be enriched in marine organisms, such as porphyra yezoensis, and possibly enter human bodies through the porphyra yezoensis fed into the polluted region by human beings, so that the health of the human beings is damaged.
Plant factories are the most advanced stage of agricultural development and are considered as an effective technical means for solving population, resource and environmental problems in the future. The plant factory can provide proper temperature, illumination, nutrition and other conditions for the whole production process of seedling and cultivation of the porphyra yezoensis, so that the growth and development of the porphyra yezoensis are not influenced by the external environment. And the porphyra yezoensis is planted in a plant factory, is not limited by seasons, and can be continuously produced and marketed all the year round. According to the current situation of marine pollution, climate change and porphyra yezoensis artificial cultivation, the porphyra yezoensis is cultivated in a plant factory, namely a completely artificial control environment, and the practicability and the prospect are very strong.
Currently, some researchers of the porphyra yezoensis culture system consider that the seedling culture or cultivation of the porphyra yezoensis is transferred to a full-manual control environment, and certain reliability and necessity are achieved. The invention has the following patent: CN 104365468B cultivates and transfers the filament of Porphyra yezoensis to a three-dimensional culture system, shortens the culture period of the filament of Porphyra yezoensis, and can flexibly arrange the seedling collecting time of conchospores, but the culture process does not separate from shell matrix, and has certain limit to the industrialized production of Porphyra yezoensis.
The porphyra yezoensis filament culture method comprises a shell filament culture method and also comprises suspension filament culture, and researches on the azalea (rapid culture and breeding of a clone of the free filaments of the porphyra yezoensis, university of Shanghai production) show that the porphyra yezoensis suspension filament culture not only occupies small area, but also has a shorter culture period compared with the shell filament culture. The invention discloses a method for quickly culturing seedlings of porphyra yezoensis, which is a method for culturing suspension filaments, wherein the method for culturing the filaments is adopted, the filaments are cultured in the patent to be divided into a front period, a middle period and a rear period, and the culture conditions of illumination, temperature, nutrition and the like in different periods are controlled, so that the quick culturing of the porphyra yezoensis is realized, but the three periods before, in the middle period and after the filaments are cultured are only roughly divided, the growth condition is not defined clearly, and misjudgment is easy to generate in the actual production.
Although the manual cultivation and rapid seedling culture of the porphyra yezoensis are developed to a certain extent, the porphyra yezoensis seedling culture and cultivation device suitable for a plant factory is designed based on the conventional porphyra yezoensis seedling culture and cultivation technology, and the whole process production system and method from seedling culture to cultivation of the porphyra yezoensis plant are provided by optimizing growth factors such as light environment, temperature environment, nutritional conditions and the like in each growth period of the porphyra yezoensis.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a porphyra yezoensis plant factory production system and a method, which are used for solving the problem of environmental limitation in the conventional porphyra yezoensis production system, realizing that the porphyra yezoensis production is completely not influenced by external environmental conditions, and realizing uninterrupted production and marketing in all seasons.
The invention provides a porphyra yezoensis plant factory production system, which comprises the following components:
a suspension filamentous culture system and a frond mesh curtain culture system;
wherein the suspended filamentous culture system comprises:
a first cultivation shelf;
the transparent culture tank is arranged on the first culture rack, a first seawater base nutrient solution is filled in the transparent culture tank, and a transparent cover plate is arranged at the top of the transparent culture tank; and a one-way exhaust valve is arranged on the transparent cover plate;
the aeration component and the first illumination component are respectively used for providing gas and illumination for the transparent culture tank;
the frond net curtain cultivation system comprises:
a second cultivation shelf;
the cultivation groove is arranged on the second cultivation frame and is filled with a second seawater-based nutrient solution;
a cultivation net placed in the cultivation groove as a matrix for attaching thallus of Porphyra yezoensis;
the second illumination assembly and the wave making pump are used for providing illumination for the cultivation tank and simulating a seawater flowing environment.
According to the porphyra yezoensis plant factory production system provided by the invention, the inflation assembly comprises an air pump, a purified air bottle and an inflation pipeline, wherein the air pump and the purified air bottle are suspended on the side surface of the first cultivation frame and are higher than the transparent cultivation tank in height; the inflation pipeline is arranged between the air pump and the air purifying bottle and extends into the first seawater base culture solution.
According to the present invention, there is provided a porphyra yezoensis plant factory production system, the first illumination assembly including:
the lamp panel is arranged at the top of the first cultivation frame and used for providing illumination for the transparent cultivation tank;
and the diffuse reflection lampshade is arranged at the bottom of the lamp panel.
According to the porphyra yezoensis plant factory production system provided by the invention, the thallus mesh screen cultivation system further comprises a water feeding pipeline and a water discharging pipeline, the water feeding pipeline and the water discharging pipeline are respectively arranged on two sides of the second cultivation frame, and the water feeding pipeline is arranged higher than the cultivation mesh.
According to the porphyra yezoensis plant factory production system provided by the invention, the thallus mesh curtain cultivation system further comprises clamping grooves and positioning rods, the clamping grooves are arranged at four corners of the cultivation grooves, and the positioning rods are in one-to-one correspondence and detachable connection with the clamping grooves; the positioning rod is used for supporting the cultivation net.
The invention also provides a porphyra yezoensis plant engineering production method, which comprises the following steps:
suspension filament culture is carried out in a suspension filament culture system, namely, in a seedling stage: taking porphyra yezoensis germplasm filaments with the size of 0.5-1 cm grown by algae balls, cutting and dispersing the porphyra yezoensis germplasm filaments by using a food crusher, inoculating the porphyra yezoensis germplasm filaments into a transparent culture tank according to the proportion of 1; the method comprises the following steps of dividing the growth period of a filament into a rapid growth period, a formation period of a shell sporangium branch and a mature period of the shell sporangium branch, and respectively lasting for 30 days, 20 days and 10 days;
carrying out thallus culture in a thallus mesh screen culture system, namely a culture period: when the porphyra yezoensis protonema is cultured until more than 30% of the sporocyst branches are mature through microscopic examination, namely the mature period of the sporocyst branches, placing the cultivation net in a transparent cultivation tank for seedling collection, and transferring the cultivation net into the cultivation tank for second seawater-based nutrient solution cultivation after the seedlings are collected; and illuminating with a second illumination assembly; is divided into a seedling stage and a leaf forming stage.
According to the production method of the porphyra yezoensis plant factory, provided by the invention, the nitrogen element content of the first seawater-based nutrient solution is controlled to be 0.5mmol/L, and the phosphorus element content is controlled to be 0.05mmol/L; the nitrogen content of the second seawater-based nutrient solution is controlled to be 0.1mmol/L, and the phosphorus content is controlled to be 0.01mmol/L.
According to the method for producing the porphyra yezoensis plant in the factory, in the seedling period and the cultivation period, the first illumination assembly and the second illumination assembly are red light: blue light = 4;
and, during the rapid growth phase of the filaments: the light intensity is controlled between 55 and 110 mu mol/m 2 The photoperiod is 16h of illumination and 8h of darkness;
the light intensity is controlled between 15 and 30 mu mol/m in the formation period of the shell sporangium branch 2 The photoperiod is 12h of illumination and 12h of darkness;
the light intensity is controlled to be 10 to 15 mu mol/m in the mature period of the shell sporangium branch 2 The photoperiod is 10 hours of illumination and 14 hours of darkness; the light intensity is temporarily increased to 42 mu mol/m in the process of seedling collection 2 More than s, and direct light is avoided in the whole process;
the light intensity is controlled between 45 and 50 mu mol/m at the seedling stage 2 S, the light intensity in the leaf forming stage is controlled to be 70-85 mu mol/m 2 S; and the photoperiod in the seedling stage and the leaf forming stage is 16h of light and 8h of darkness.
According to the production method of the porphyra yezoensis plant factory provided by the invention, the temperature of the first seawater-based nutrient solution is as follows: the rapid growth period of the filament is 20 ℃, the formation period of the shell sporangium branches is 20-25 ℃, and the maturation period of the shell sporangium branches is 18-24 ℃;
the temperature of the second seawater-based nutrient solution is as follows: the seedling stage is 12-17 ℃, and the leaf forming stage is 14-16 ℃.
According to the method for producing porphyra yezoensis plants in a factory, the first illumination assembly and the second illumination assembly are both mixed lamp panels of red light, blue light and ultraviolet light, wherein the red light and the blue light provide effective photosynthetic radiation for the photosynthesis of the porphyra yezoensis, and the ultraviolet light sterilizes the first seawater-based nutrient solution, the second seawater-based nutrient solution and the cultivation net and removes miscellaneous algae.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the porphyra yezoensis plant factory production system and the production method provided by the invention, the suspension filamentous culture system and the thallus mesh curtain cultivation system are arranged, and the air temperature, the water temperature, the fertility, the light environment and the gas environment are regulated and controlled according to the specific requirements of the porphyra yezoensis in different growth periods, so that a proper growth environment is created for the porphyra yezoensis, and the genetic potential of the porphyra yezoensis is favorably and fully developed.
The seedling raising stage and the cultivation stage are carried out simultaneously in different spaces, continuous production in four seasons can be realized, and the harvesting and marketing time of the porphyra yezoensis can be adjusted according to specific market requirements.
The invention has the advantages that the seedling raising period and the cultivation period both grow in the environment artificially created by a plant factory, the environment is not limited by the interference of climate change, ocean pollution, season change and the like, and the production is efficient, stable and safe.
The ultraviolet irradiation in the invention can sterilize and remove the miscellaneous algae for the first seawater-based nutrient solution, the second seawater-based nutrient solution, the transparent culture tank, the cultivation tank and the like, and reduces the use of chemical sterilization and algae removal agents.
Compared with the traditional method for culturing the shell filaments of the porphyra yezoensis for 5-6 months, the method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the culture time of the suspension filaments only needs about 60 days, and the seedling culture time of the porphyra yezoensis is greatly shortened.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a suspended filament culture system provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a frond mesh curtain cultivation system provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a top view of the frond mesh curtain cultivation system provided by the present invention;
reference numerals are as follows:
1. a suspension filamentous culture system; 11. a first cultivation shelf; 12. a transparent culture tank; 13. a first seawater-based nutrient solution; 14. a transparent cover plate; 15. a one-way exhaust valve; 16. an inflation assembly; 161. an air pump; 162. a purified gas bottle; 163. an inflation conduit; 17. a first illumination assembly; 171. a lamp panel; 172. a diffuse reflection lamp cover;
2. a frond mesh screen cultivation system; 21. a second cultivation shelf; 22. a cultivation trough; 23. a second seawater-based nutrient solution; 24. a cultivation net; 25. a second illumination assembly; 26. a wave making pump; 27. a water supply pipeline; 28. a sewer pipeline; 29. a card slot; 210. and (7) positioning the rod.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred devices or elements must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
The following describes a production system and a production method of a porphyra yezoensis plant factory provided by the present invention with reference to fig. 1 to 3.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the present invention provides a porphyra yezoensis plant factory production system, including a suspended filamentous culture system 1 and a frond curtain cultivation system 2.
As shown in fig. 1, the suspension wire-shaped culture system 1 comprises a first culture rack 11, a transparent culture tank 12, a first seawater-based nutrient solution 13, a transparent cover plate 14, a one-way exhaust valve 15, an inflation component 16 and a first illumination component 17; the transparent culture tank 12 is arranged on the first culture rack 11, the material of the transparent culture tank 12 can be selected, and the transparent culture tank can be made of transparent glass or transparent PMMA and other materials with high visible light transmittance, so that a good light environment is provided for culturing the porphyra yezoensis filament. The transparent culture tank 12 is filled with a first seawater base nutrient solution 13, and the top of the transparent culture tank is provided with a transparent cover plate 14 for sealing treatment, so that the breeding of miscellaneous algae and germs is reduced. The transparent cover plate 14 is detachably connected with the top of the transparent culture tank 12, so that the seedlings can be harvested in the culture net 24 conveniently. The transparent cover plate 14 is provided with a one-way exhaust valve 15, and the gas at the one-way exhaust valve 15 only flows out but not flows in; the path of the gas at the one-way exhaust valve 15 is as follows: inside the transparent culture tank 12-one-way exhaust valve 15-outside. An aeration unit 16 and a first illumination unit 17 for supplying gas and illumination to the transparent culture tank 12, respectively; the aeration assembly 16 passes through the transparent cover plate 14 and enters the transparent culture tank 12; under the drive of the aeration assembly 16, outside air enters the bottom of the transparent culture tank 12, and fresh air is delivered to the porphyra yezoensis filaments, and the porphyra yezoensis filaments are suspended and flow in the seawater-based nutrient solution.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the frond mesh curtain cultivation system 2 includes: a second cultivation frame 21, a cultivation groove 22, a cultivation net 24, a second illumination component 25 and a wave-making pump 26; the cultivation groove 22 is arranged on the second cultivation frame 21, and the cultivation groove 22 is filled with a second seawater base nutrient solution 23; the cultivation net 24 is used for being placed in the transparent cultivation groove 12 for seedling collection and is placed on the cultivation groove 22; a second illumination assembly 25 and a wave generating pump 26 for providing illumination to the cultivation tank 22 and simulating a marine environment.
The invention provides a production system for the whole process from seedling culture to cultivation of porphyra yezoensis, which regulates and controls air temperature, water temperature, fertility, light environment, gas environment and the like according to the specific requirements of the porphyra yezoensis in different growth periods, creates a proper growth environment for the porphyra yezoensis and is beneficial to fully exploiting the genetic potential of the porphyra yezoensis.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the air charging assembly 16 comprises an air pump 161, a clean air bottle 162 and an air charging pipe 163, wherein the air pump 161 and the clean air bottle 162 are suspended at the side of the first cultivation rack 11 and are higher than the transparent cultivation tank 12; the aeration pipe 163 is disposed between the air pump 161 and the purified air bottle 162, and the aeration pipe 163 extends into the first seawater base culture solution 13. The number of the gas purifying bottles 162 can be two, the two gas purifying bottles are respectively filled with copper sulfate solution and distilled water, and external gas enters the distilled water for cleaning after being disinfected and sterilized by the copper sulfate solution, so that the carried copper sulfate solution is removed, and the first seawater base nutrient solution 13 is prevented from being polluted. The gas in the transparent culture tank 12 is discharged to the outside through the one-way exhaust valve 15, and the outside air cannot enter the transparent culture tank 12 through the one-way exhaust valve 15. The first cultivation shelves 11 may have a single-layered structure or a multi-layered structure, and the first cultivation shelves 11 are placed in a plant factory and temperature-controlled by an air-conditioning system.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the first illumination assembly 17 comprises: a lamp panel 171 and a diffuse reflection lampshade 172, wherein the lamp panel 171 is arranged at the top of the first cultivation rack 11, and the lamp panel 171 is used for providing illumination for the transparent cultivation tank 12; the diffuse reflection lamp cover 172 is disposed at the bottom of the lamp panel 171. The lamp panel 171 is an LED lamp, and emits direct light, which is converted into scattered light by the diffuse reflection lampshade 172, thereby preventing the direct light from inhibiting the production and development of porphyra yezoensis filaments.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the foliate mesh curtain cultivation system 2 further includes a water supply pipe 27 and a water drain pipe 28, the water supply pipe 27 and the water drain pipe 28 are respectively disposed at both sides of the second cultivation frame 21, the water drain pipe 28 is installed at the bottom surface of one side of the cultivation tank 22, the water supply pipe 27 is disposed higher than the cultivation mesh 24, and the liquid level of the second seawater-based nutrient solution 23 is higher than the cultivation mesh 24. The second seawater-based nutrient solution 23 in the cultivation period in the cultivation tank 22 is circulated 5-10 times per day at a flow rate of 30-50cm/s for 30-45 minutes each time by simulating the flowing environment of seawater through the wave making pump 26 by controlling the flow in the water supply pipeline 27 and the water drainage pipeline 28 so as to take away the metabolic waste generated by the algae. The thallus mesh screen cultivation system is installed on a second cultivation frame 21, the second cultivation frame 21 can be a single-layer or multi-layer structure, the second cultivation frame 21 is placed in a plant factory, and temperature regulation and control are carried out by using an air conditioning system.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the frond mesh curtain cultivation system 2 further comprises a clamping groove 29 and positioning rods 210, the clamping groove 29 is arranged at the four corners of the cultivation groove 22, and the positioning rods 210 are detachably connected with the clamping grooves 29 in a one-to-one correspondence; the positioning rod 210 is used for supporting the cultivation net 24. After the positioning rod 210 is fixed by the clamping groove 29, the cultivation net 24 is just straightened and unfolded.
The method for producing a porphyra yezoensis plant factory according to the present invention will be described below, and the method for producing a porphyra yezoensis plant factory described below and the system for producing a porphyra yezoensis plant factory described above can be referred to each other.
Another aspect of the present invention is to provide a method for producing porphyra yezoensis plant in a factory, which comprises the following steps:
suspension filament culture is carried out in a suspension filament culture system, namely, in a seedling stage: cutting and dispersing porphyra yezoensis germplasm filaments with the size of 0.5-1 cm grown by algae balls by using a food crusher, inoculating the porphyra yezoensis germplasm filaments into a transparent culture tank 12 according to the proportion of 1; the method comprises a rapid growth period of the filament, a formation period of the shell sporangium branch and a maturation period of the shell sporangium branch.
(1) In the rapid growth phase of the filament: before the sporocyst branch appears, the time is about 30 days, the temperature of the first seawater-based nutrient solution 13 is controlled at 20 ℃, and the light intensity is controlled at 55-110 mu mol/m 2 /s。
(2) During the formation of the sporocyst branches of the shell: before the sporocyst branch of the shell is mature, the time is about 20 days, the temperature of the first seawater-based nutrient solution 13 is controlled to be between 20 and 25 ℃, and the light intensity is controlled to be between 15 and 30 mu mol/m 2 /s。
(3) In the mature period of the sporocyst branch of the shell: before more than 30% of the sporocyst branches are mature in microscopic examination, the time is about 10 days, the 13 ℃ of the first seawater-based nutrient solution is controlled at 18-24 ℃, and the light intensity is controlled at 10-15 mu mol/m 2 /s。
Wherein, the nitrogen element content of the first seawater-based nutrient solution 13 is controlled at 0.5mmol/L, and the phosphorus element content is controlled at 0.05mmol/L.
Carrying out thallus mesh screen cultivation in a thallus mesh screen cultivation system, namely a cultivation period: when the porphyra yezoensis protonema is cultured until more than 30 percent of the conchospore branches are mature in microscopic examination, namely the mature period of the conchospore branches, the cultivation net 24 is placed in the transparent cultivation tank 12 for seedling collection, and after the seedling collection, the cultivation net 24 is transposed into the cultivation tank 22 for second seawater-based nutrient solution 23 cultivation; and illuminated with a second illumination assembly 25; is divided into a seedling stage and a leaf forming stage.
The light quality of the suspension filaments was red light (655 nm) throughout the culture period: blue light (437 nm) =4, the photoperiod is controlled to be 12h illumination and 12h darkness, the first seawater-based nutrient solution 13 is prepared by adding PES culture medium mother liquor into natural or artificial seawater, the specific gravity of the seawater is 1.020-1.022, the pH value is 8.0-8.25, the content of nitrogen elements in the first seawater-based nutrient solution 13 is 0.5mmol/L, the content of phosphorus elements is 0.05mmol/L, the air pump is uninterruptedly opened for inflation in the whole period, and the light intensity is transiently increased to 42 mu mol/m in the seedling collection process 2 /s。
Preparing the rapid growth period of the thallus mesh curtain cultured filament: when the porphyra yezoensis protonema is cultured until more than 30 percent of the sporocyst branches of the conchosporiae are mature (form double spores) in microscopic examination, the cultivation net 24 is placed in the transparent cultivation tank 12 for seedling collection, and then the cultivation net 24 is transposed into the cultivation tank 22 for planting by the second seawater-based nutrient solution 23.
(4) And (3) a frond seedling stage: the length of Porphyra yezoensis is below 5cm, the temperature of the second seawater-based nutrient solution 10 is controlled at 12-17 deg.C, and the light intensity is controlled at 45-50 μmol/m 2 /s。
(5) Leaf forming stage of fronds: the porphyra yezoensis has the body length of 5-15 cm, the temperature of the second seawater-based nutrient solution 10 is controlled at 14-16 ℃, and the light intensity is controlled at 70-85 mu mol/m 2 /s。
The light quality of the thallus mesh curtain cultivation is red, blue =4, the photoperiod is controlled to be 16h light and 8h dark, the second seawater-based nutrient solution 23 is prepared by adding PES culture medium mother liquor into natural or artificial seawater, the specific gravity of the seawater is 1.020-1.022, the pH value is 8.0-8.25, the content of nitrogen elements in the second seawater-based nutrient solution 23 is 0.1mmol/L, the content of phosphorus elements in the second seawater-based nutrient solution is 0.01mmol/L, the second seawater-based nutrient solution 23 simulates the ocean wave environment through a wave making pump 26 in the whole period, the second seawater-based nutrient solution is circulated 5-10 times every day at the flow rate of 30-50cm/s, the circulation time is 30-45 minutes every time, and the thallus Porphyrae yezoensis is harvested when the thallus grows to 10-15 cm.
In the seedling raising period and the cultivation period, the used light source is red light: blue light = 4.
During the rapid growth phase of the filaments: the light intensity is controlled between 55 and 110 mu mol/m 2 The photoperiod is 16h of illumination and 8h of darkness;
the light intensity is controlled between 15 and 30 mu mol/m in the formation period of the shell sporangium branch 2 The photoperiod is 12h under illumination and 12h under darkness;
the light intensity is controlled to be 10-15 mu mol/m in the mature period of the shell sporangium branch 2 The photoperiod is 10h of illumination and 14h of darkness; the light intensity is temporarily increased to 42 mu mol/m in the process of seedling collection 2 More than s, and direct light is avoided in the whole process;
the light intensity is controlled between 45 and 50 mu mol/m at the seedling stage 2 The light intensity of the leaf forming stage is controlled to be 70 to 85 mu mol/m 2 S; and the photoperiod in the seedling stage and the leaf forming stage is 16h under light and 8h under dark.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the first illumination assembly 17 and the second illumination assembly 25 are both a mixed lamp panel of red light, blue light and ultraviolet light, wherein the red light and the blue light provide effective photosynthetic radiation for porphyra yezoensis photosynthesis, and the ultraviolet light sterilizes and removes miscellaneous algae from the first seawater-based nutrient solution 13, the second seawater-based nutrient solution 23 and the cultivation net 24.
Various control indexes in the growth process of porphyra yezoensis are shown in the following table:
according to the production system and the production method for the porphyra yezoensis plant factory, provided by the embodiment of the invention, the air temperature, the water temperature, the fertility, the light environment, the gas environment and the like are regulated and controlled according to the specific requirements of the porphyra yezoensis in different growth periods, so that a proper growth environment is created for the porphyra yezoensis, and the genetic potential of the porphyra yezoensis is favorably and fully exploited.
The porphyra yezoensis grows in the whole growth period in the environment artificially created by a plant factory, is not limited by the interference of climate change, ocean pollution, season change and the like, and has high-efficiency, stable and safe production.
According to the invention, the seawater-based nutrient solution, the transparent culture tank, the culture net system and the like are sterilized and subjected to the treatment of removing the foreign algae by using the physical method of ultraviolet UV-C light irradiation in the LED lamp panel, so that the use of chemical sterilization and algaecide is reduced.
The seedling raising stage and the cultivation stage of the porphyra yezoensis are simultaneously carried out in different spaces, uninterrupted production in four seasons can be realized, and the harvesting and marketing time of the porphyra yezoensis can be adjusted according to specific market requirements.
Compared with the traditional culture time of 5-6 months for culturing shell filaments of the porphyra yezoensis, the culture time of only about 60 days for culturing the suspension filaments is required in the invention, and the seedling culture time of the porphyra yezoensis is greatly shortened.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "connected" and "connected" are to be interpreted broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate. Specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to specific situations.
In the description herein, reference to the description of the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "a manner," "a particular manner," or "some manner" or the like, means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or manner is included in at least one embodiment or manner of an embodiment of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or mode. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or modes. Furthermore, the various embodiments or modes and features of the various embodiments or modes described in this specification can be combined and combined by those skilled in the art without being mutually inconsistent.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A porphyra yezoensis plant factory production system is characterized by comprising a suspension filamentous culture system (1) and a thallus mesh screen culture system (2);
wherein the suspended filamentous culture system (1) comprises:
a first cultivation shelf (11);
the transparent culture tank (12) is arranged on the first culture rack (11), a first seawater-based nutrient solution (13) is filled in the transparent culture tank (12), and a transparent cover plate (14) is arranged at the top of the transparent culture tank; and a one-way exhaust valve (15) is arranged on the transparent cover plate (14);
an aeration assembly (16) and a first illumination assembly (17) for providing gas and illumination, respectively, to the transparent culture tank (12);
the frond net curtain cultivation system (2) comprises:
a second cultivation shelf (21);
a cultivation groove (22) which is arranged on the second cultivation frame (21), and a second seawater-based nutrient solution (23) is filled in the cultivation groove (22);
a cultivation net (24) placed in the cultivation tank (22) as a matrix for attaching thallus of Porphyra yezoensis;
a second illumination assembly (25) and a wave generating pump (26) for providing illumination to the cultivation tank (22) and simulating a seawater flow environment.
2. The porphyra yezoensis plant factory production system according to claim 1, wherein the aeration assembly (16) comprises an air pump (161), a clean air bottle (162) and an aeration pipe (163), the air pump (161) and the clean air bottle (162) are suspended at the side of the first cultivation rack (11) and are higher than the transparent cultivation tank (12); the inflation pipeline (163) is arranged between the air pump (161) and the air purification bottle (162), and the inflation pipeline (163) extends into the first seawater medium culture solution (13).
3. Porphyra yezoensis plant factory production system according to claim 1, characterized in that the first lighting assembly (17) comprises:
the lamp panel (171) is arranged at the top of the first cultivation rack (11), and the lamp panel (171) is used for providing illumination for the transparent cultivation tank (12);
diffuse reflection lamp shade (172), set up in the bottom of lamp plate (171).
4. A porphyra yezoensis plant factory production system according to claim 1, wherein the frond mesh curtain cultivation system (2) further comprises a water feeding pipe (27) and a water discharging pipe (28), the water feeding pipe (27) and the water discharging pipe (28) are respectively provided at both sides of the second cultivation rack (21), and the water feeding pipe (27) is provided higher than the cultivation mesh (24).
5. The porphyra yezoensis plant factory production system according to claim 1, wherein the frond web curtain cultivation system (2) further comprises a clamping groove (29) and positioning rods (210), wherein the clamping groove (29) is arranged at the four corners of the cultivation groove (22), and the positioning rods (210) are detachably connected with the clamping groove (29) in a one-to-one correspondence manner; the positioning rod (210) is used for supporting the cultivation net (24).
6. A method for factory production of a Porphyra yezoensis plant using the production system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:
suspension filament culture is carried out in a suspension filament culture system, namely, in a seedling stage: cutting and dispersing porphyra yezoensis germplasm filaments with the size of 0.5-1 cm grown by algae balls by using a food crusher, inoculating the porphyra yezoensis germplasm filaments into a transparent culture tank (12) according to the proportion of 1; the method comprises the following steps of dividing the growth period of a filament into a rapid growth period, a formation period of a shell sporangium branch and a mature period of the shell sporangium branch, and respectively lasting for 30 days, 20 days and 10 days;
carrying out thallus culture in a thallus mesh screen culture system, namely a culture period: when the porphyra yezoensis protonema is cultured until more than 30% of the sporocyst branches are mature through microscopic examination, namely the mature period of the sporocyst branches, the cultivation net (24) is placed in a transparent cultivation tank (12) for seedling collection, and after the seedlings are collected, the cultivation net (24) is transposed into a cultivation tank (22) for planting in a second seawater-based nutrient solution (23); and illuminated by a second illumination assembly (25); is divided into a seedling stage and a leaf forming stage.
7. A Porphyra yezoensis plant factory production method according to claim 6, characterized in that the nitrogen element content of the first seawater based nutrient solution (13) is controlled to 0.5mmol/L and the phosphorus element content is controlled to 0.05mmol/L; the nitrogen content of the second seawater-based nutrient solution (23) is controlled to be 0.1mmol/L, and the phosphorus content is controlled to be 0.01mmol/L.
8. The method for producing a porphyra yezoensis plant factory according to claim 6, wherein in the nursery stage and the cultivation stage, the light source used is red light: blue light = 4;
and, during the rapid growth phase of the filament: the light intensity is controlled between 55 and 110 mu mol/m 2 The photoperiod is 16h of illumination and 8h of darkness;
the light intensity is controlled between 15 and 30 mu mol/m in the formation period of the shell sporangium branch 2 The photoperiod is 12h of illumination and 12h of darkness;
the light intensity is controlled to be 10 to 15 mu mol/m in the mature period of the shell sporangium branch 2 The photoperiod is 10 hours of illumination and 14 hours of darkness; the light intensity is temporarily increased in the seedling picking process42μmol/m 2 More than s, and direct light is avoided in the whole process;
the light intensity is controlled between 45 and 50 mu mol/m at the seedling stage 2 S, the light intensity in the leaf forming stage is controlled to be 70-85 mu mol/m 2 S; and the photoperiod in the seedling stage and the leaf forming stage is 16h under light and 8h under dark.
9. A method for factory production of Porphyra yezoensis plants according to claim 6, characterized in that the temperature of the first seawater-based nutrient solution (13) is: the rapid growth period of the filament is 20 ℃, the formation period of the shell sporangium branches is 20-25 ℃, and the maturation period of the shell sporangium branches is 18-24 ℃;
the temperature of the second seawater-based nutrient solution (23) is as follows: the seedling stage is 12-17 ℃, and the leaf forming stage is 14-16 ℃.
10. A method for producing Porphyra yezoensis plants in factory according to claim 6, characterized in that the first (17) and second (25) lighting assemblies are mixed panels of red, blue and UV light, wherein the red and blue light provide effective photosynthetic radiation for Porphyra yezoensis photosynthesis, and the UV light sterilizes and removes miscellaneous algae from the first (13) and second (23) seawater based nutrient solutions and the cultivation net (24).
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