KR101127694B1 - Method and system for seaweed aquaculture - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: Upside-down cultivation method and apparatus for seaweed are provided to cultivate the seaweed on the land without using massive amount of sea water. CONSTITUTION: An upside-down cultivation method for seaweed comprises the following steps: collecting spores of the seaweed, and planting on a substrate(40); installing the substrate upside down for the surface with the spores to face the gravity direction, and growing the seaweed; installing a sprayer(30) for spraying the moisture and nutrients to the seaweed; and controlling the spraying period and amount by a spray controller(70). The substrate is formed with an upper water storage tank and a lower water storage tank.

Description

Method and apparatus for inverting algae {Method and system for seaweed aquaculture}

The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for farming seaweed such as red algae, brown algae, and green algae without using a large amount of seawater on land.

Plants that live in the sea are called algae, and are divided into phytoplankton living in a floating life and large algae living in a fixed life. Usually only the latter is called seaweed. Algae are classified as green algae, brown algae, red algae and southern algae that live in the sea. These algae grow through asexual reproductive methods by spores and sexual reproductive methods by spouses. The spore-forming individuals are called spores and spouses.

Algae farming is usually established in a certain section of the sea to install a stool or support tree, and the synthetic fiber, which is attached to the drift or spores from the land tank, is wound around the stool or support tree installed in the marine farm. How to form has been done this week.

The farming method of producing algae in an onshore tank has also been used to transplant artificially cultivated synthetic fibers into a structure in a separate growing tank. Since the seaweed farming method using onshore tanks is a method of artificially transferring the marine environment to the onshore tanks, a large amount of seawater is required to support the algae by buoyancy and to supply nutrients, thereby filtering the seawater. Large-scale facilities, such as filtration systems and thermostats, are required, resulting in high costs for supplying and treating seawater for use in aquaculture. However, considering that it is difficult to cope with environmental changes at sea, artificial aquaculture equipment on land has an advantage of artificially controlling environmental conditions such as water temperature and salinity.

On the other hand, in contrast to land plants absorbing nutrients from the roots and transporting them throughout the plant, roots in seaweeds have a function as a means of attachment to the algae growth and the substrate of the sea area suitable for the living environment. Moisture and nutrients necessary for the absorption of algae from the entire body is achieved by the growth of the individual. The ability of these algae to absorb nutrients from the entire body and the roots to be simply attached to the substrate does not require a lot of seawater on land, and it is possible to grow algae in an economical way.

Therefore, if the advantages of the environmental control of the land facilities is convenient and aquaculture methods that eliminate the large amount of seawater required in the seaweed farming are established and applied, it will be possible to grow algae in large quantities such as hydroponic cultivation of indoor crops.

The present invention aims to provide a method and apparatus for aquaculture in aquatic masses useful seaweeds inhabiting the ocean.

Patent documents related to aquaculture of seaweeds include: a seedling step of naturally or artificially acquiring seedlings of spiny blue in Korean Patent No. 10-0491210; Seedling nurturing step of nurturing seedlings of prickly seed obtained in the seedling stage; And a harvesting step for harvesting the thorny seeds that are positive in the seedling nurturing step is disclosed. Korean Patent No. 10-0898416 discloses a seedling that obtains a jujube from a mature gompi imitation in which a sleeping bag is formed. step; Culturing the strainer to obtain leaflets; Culturing the seedlings; And it is disclosed a method of farming Gokpi (Ecklonia stolonifera) consisting of the step of transplanting the cultured leaves in the sea. In addition, Korean Patent No. 10-08611340 has a step of adjusting the surface seawater to 5 ~ 10 ℃ suitable for the culture of seaweeds by taking deep sea water of low temperature 200m or less, wakame seaweed, kelp, rhubarb The first seaweed farming step of breeding seaweed such as fish, shellfish or seaweed, adjusting the water temperature to a temperature suitable for the growth of shellfish or fish (15-20 ℃), and adjusting the temperature to a temperature suitable for the growth of shellfish or fish. A method of farming seaweed using deep seawater and surface seawater, which comprises a step of farming shellfish such as abalone and turban shell while feeding the seaweed as a feed, farming a second seaweed, etc. . Korean Patent No. 10-1000346 relates to an automatic attachment algae farming and harvesting apparatus, comprising: a water tank having an inlet through which effluent flows and an outlet through which effluent flows; An algae medium plate disposed at intervals in the water tank to propagate the algae contained in the effluent; An elevating drive unit which periodically raises and lowers the attached algal medium plate; And a wiper for sweeping down the attached algae attached to the attached algae medium plate when the attached algae medium plate is raised by the elevating drive unit. This aquaculture method is similar to the existing seaweed aquaculture stage configuration, which is different from the technical features of the seaweed aquaculture method for the purpose of the present invention.

The present invention has been made in accordance with the requirements as described above, in order to cultivate seaweeds without a large amount of seawater by removing the existing seaweed farming method, which is usually produced by submerging the seaweeds cultivated on the substrate in seawater, In addition, it provides a method for inverting the algae upside down, characterized in that the growth is installed inverted so that the attached substrate face toward the direction of gravity.

In order to solve the above problems, the seaweed is attached to the substrate, the substrate surface is attached upside down to face the direction of gravity, the bottom or side of the gravity direction facing the seaweed by installing a sprayer for spraying water and nutrients to the seaweed The spraying period and the spraying amount of the spraying device are controlled by the spraying device control controller, and a light source for generating photosynthetic action on the algae is installed in the opposite direction of gravity or on the upper side or the side of the seaweed, and the lighting period and the irradiation amount of the light source are transferred to the light source control controller. It provides a seaweed upside down farming method and aquaculture device, characterized in that by controlling.

According to the present invention, the advantages of convenient environmental control of land facilities and a new aquaculture method that does not use a large amount of seawater required for seaweed farming are established, so that algae can be mass-produced in a plant type like hydroponic farming of crops indoors on land. Do.

1 is a schematic diagram showing the basic configuration of the seaweed upside down apparatus.
Figure 2 is a photograph showing the algae upside down apparatus.
3 is a schematic view of the upper tank and the lower tank of the seaweed upside down farming apparatus.
Figure 4 is a schematic diagram showing the seeding method using the upper tank and the lower tank of the seaweed inverted culture apparatus.
Figure 5 is a photograph of the controller for controlling the nebulizer and the light source constituting the algae upside down apparatus.
Figure 6 is a photograph of the seaweed and nutrients to the seaweed attached to the substrate using a sprayer constituting the seaweed upside down apparatus.
7 is a picture of seaweed growing upside down in the algae farming apparatus.
8 is a photograph of a transparent plastic substrate attached to a light source and algae installed in aquaculture apparatus upside down.
9 is a schematic view of the seaweed upside down farming apparatus showing the longitudinal cross-sectional arrangement of the plurality of upper tank and lower tank capable of mass production of seaweed.
10 is a multi-schematic diagram of a multi-stage algae upside down farming apparatus showing a plurality of upper tank and lower tank cross-sectional arrangement capable of mass production of seaweed.
11 shows the system configuration of the plant-type algae upside down apparatus.

In order to achieve the object of the present invention, the present invention provides a seaweed inverted aquaculture apparatus, characterized in that the algae attached to the substrate, the growth of the attached substrate face upside down in the direction of gravity.

Figure 1 shows the basic configuration of the seaweed upside down farming apparatus, Figure 2 is a photograph showing the seaweed upside down farming apparatus.

The material used as a substrate for seeding for attaching spores and spores released from seaweed can be used as long as the substrate material to which spores and spores discharged from seaweed can attach.

In the conventional seaweed farming method, natural fiber, synthetic fiber, etc. are used a lot, but in the present invention, any one selected from a polymer compound, natural fiber, synthetic fiber, and glass is used as a substrate for seeding used to attach the seaweed spores and spores. It is possible to use one made of a material.

In addition, Figure 3 shows the upper tank and the lower tank of the seaweed inverted culture apparatus. The algae upside down as a component of the farming apparatus, the substrate to which the seaweed is attached can be divided into the upper tank and the lower tank. The purpose of the upper tank is to fix the adhesion substrate or the adhesion substrate of the seaweed to be farmed, and the lower tank is sprayed breeding. It can be used to collect and drain seawater, as well as to residing and draining spoilers of early algae.

Figure 4 shows the seeding method using the upper tank and the lower tank of the seaweed inverted aquaculture device, the upper tank with the seawater mixed with the spores and spores of the algae in the lower tank to draw the seaweed on the back substrate of the upper tank It shows the state turned upside down in the lower tank.

To use the upper tank as a seedling tank, turn the upper tank upside down and place it on the lower tank and draw the reefs and spores of seaweed on the ceiling of the upper tank to form a base (root) after a certain period of time, or to form a polymer compound or natural fiber. It is used for fixing the material drawn on any one material selected from synthetic fiber and glass on the ceiling of the upper tank.

In order to cultivate algae, the upper tank in which the algae spores or spores are attached or fixed on the ceiling of the upper tank can be placed on the lower tank, and placed in the bottom of the tank as shown in FIG. 3.

The anti-gravity counter top tank facing the algae-attached substrate requires the use of a material with good light transmittance, considering the necessity of observing the installation and breeding of a light source to cause photosynthetic action on the algae.

5 is a photograph of a controller for controlling the nebulizer and the light source, and FIG. 6 is a photograph showing the supply of seawater and nutrients to the seaweed attached to the substrate by using the sprayer installed in the aquaculture apparatus upside down.

The light source used for photosynthesis may use any one or more selected from an artificial light source or a natural light source, and in the case of an indoor light source, any one or more artificial light sources selected from an incandescent light source, a discharge light source, a semiconductor light source, and a fluorescent light source may be used. Can be used.

Incandescent lamps are emitted by filaments, and incandescent lamps are typical, and discharge lamps emit light by injecting gas into a glass tube to discharge voltage, and mercury lamps and metal halide lamps are typical. A light emitting diode commonly used as the light emitting diode is a typical light source.

The light emitting diode has recently been developed in blue, and it is possible to freely express the electric field of visible light along with the existing white, orange, blue, green, and red.

Fluorescent lamps are emitted by the electrical action of the fluorescent material applied in the glass tube, neon signs, fluorescent lamps are typical. The lighting period and the irradiation amount of the light source, the wavelength of the light source, and the like can be controlled by the light source control controller.

A sprayer for spraying water and nutrients on the seaweed may be installed on the bottom or side of the gravity direction facing the seaweed or on the ceiling opposite to the seaweed. The seawater supplied to the sprayer is connected to the sprayer control controller by seawater pipes derived from the seawater storage tank to control the spraying period and the spraying amount of the sprayer. FIG. 7 shows a picture of a seaweed growing upside down in an aquaculture apparatus, and FIG. 8 shows a picture of a transparent plastic substrate attached to a light source and seaweed installed in an upside down apparatus.

Hereinafter, the seaweed upside down method according to the present invention will be described in detail with the characteristics of seaweed as follows.

i) In order to attach seaweed to any one of polymer, natural fiber, synthetic fiber, and glass materials, the selected substrate is precipitated in a tank containing spores and spores of cultured seaweed. Wait for conception.

More specifically, in order to use as a seedling tank, the upper tank and the upper tank, which are divided into an upper tank and a lower tank, inverts the upper tank of the aquaculture apparatus, overlaps the upper tank, and fixes the attachment substrate or the attachment substrate of the seaweed to be farmed. The sea lions and spores are grafted onto the ceiling to conceive the roots (roots).

Algae are classified as green algae, brown algae, red algae and southern algae that live in the sea. These algae grow through asexual reproductive methods by spores and sexual reproductive methods by spouses. The spore-forming individuals are called spores and spouses.

Spore body is generally the upper body (2n), spouse is a single body (n) to live in alternating generations. However, the life history is very diverse because there is a kind that does not form a spouse for sexual reproduction as in southern algae plants, or only sexual reproduction without forming spores, as seen in the hat reef of brown algae plants.

In particular, spores and spouses have the same shape and size as reddish, stalk, and fan horses.They have homogeneous generation alternations, and like seaweed and kelp, spores are microscopic in size and spores are huge There is also a kind. Algae, on the other hand, usually cling to the bottom of the sea or underwater most of their life, but depending on the time of growth, they also float like water.

After the floatation period, it is conceived of the temperament of the proper marine environment, and spores and spoilers of the seaweeds that have been implanted spend their lives in one place.

ii) Secure the upper tank or implanted substrate on which the algae is implanted to the ceiling surface of the upper tank, and install the algae cultivation surface in the direction of the ground with the ground and a certain space in the aquaculture apparatus.

More specifically, in order to cultivate algae, check that the seaweed spores or spores are attached or fixed on the ceiling of the upper tank, and then set the upper tank upside down on the lower tank. At this time, the lower tank can be used as the recovery and drainage collection role of the sprayed breeding seawater and the tanker and spore seedling tank of the early seaweed.

In general, single-celled algae such as plankton are known to be able to grow to a depth of 200 m, but general algae are usually distributed to 5-20 m, and can be grown to a depth of 50 m. In particular, the tidal flat between the tidal and tidal flats is called the intertidal zone, from the submerged area at high tide to the exposure to air at low tide.

When the waves hit the top, the water droplets bounce off and wet the area, and the lower part of the intertidal zone is called the Azo zone or the lunch zone. have. In Korea, there are not many species living in splash zones, and there are larvae, stonefish, and cyanobacteria that have been pushed up from the intertidal zone.

In the upper part of the intertidal zone, Maejae, Buddhist lanterns, flower ferns, stony seaweed, and single-headed greens are found in the middle of the intertidal zone.

Algae are generally adaptable to changes in shape in response to changes in environmental conditions, and therefore, even in the same species, lifespan and seasonal small intestine often vary depending on the environmental conditions of the growing place.

In addition, the horizontal and vertical distribution of algae shows that the green algae have a large number of Nanhaesan (수평 海産), and the large brown algae among the brown algae have a large number of Hanhae (寒 海産).

In algae, the roots have a function as an adhesive means for standing on the substrate of the sea area suitable for the growth and living environment of the algae, the individual growth is achieved by absorbing the water and nutrients necessary for the growth of the individual from the body of the algae. The algae absorb the nutrients from the whole body and use the property that the roots are simply attached to the substrate, thereby controlling the growth direction of the algae attached to the substrate.

iii) Injecting a light source from above, below, or the side where seaweed is installed to induce photosynthesis, spraying water through a spray device installed above, below, or the side of seaweed to inject water and nutrients so that the body of the seaweed can wet. .

Seaweed species that can be reared upside down in aquaculture equipment include mosquitoes, grass ferns, lobsters, barley ferns, chinueas, black buckwheat, jindubal, clay, shells, vines, silk grass, gutters, and laver. The seaweed species that can be nurtured include 톳, kelp, seaweed, sea bream, pansy, ecstasy, and maternity.

On the coast, tidal ebbs and fluctuations are called tidal flats, which are submerged at high tide and exposed to air at low tide. When the waves hit the top, the water droplets bounce off and wet the area, and the lower part of the intertidal zone is called the Azo zone or the lunch zone. have.

In Korea, there are not many species living in splash zones, and there are lanterns, stoneweed, and cyanobacteria that have been pushed up from the intertidal zone. In the upper part of the intertidal zone, Mae-Sang-Yi, independence grass, grass-starch, stone laver, and single-headed shell are in the middle of the intertidal zone.

Therefore, from the life history of algae, it can be seen that algae in the intertidal zone can grow without being continually contained in the seawater, and can be grown by supplying the necessary amount of water and nutrients without submerging the substrate drawn in the seaweed culture. have.

Unlike the land plants, the algae's vertical distribution shows a distinct stratification within just a few tens of centimeters. This means that the degree of permeation of light rays necessary for photosynthesis and the adaptability to the environment of the tidal flats in accordance with the length of time that tidal vegetation is exposed to the air by tidal tides can be adapted according to the type of seaweed. Because it is different.

In general, when sunlight enters the ocean, the light is absorbed and scattered, and the deeper it is, the weaker it is. In addition, long-wavelength light rays are absorbed sequentially. Thus the red light side is extinguished in the shallows and the cyan can go deep. Accordingly, green algae are relatively shallow and bright, and brown algae and red algae are gradually growing in deep and dark areas.

Different pigments have different kinds of algae. The laver and laver are the chlorophyll a, d and carotene, xanthophyll, and picobiliin, and the brown algae such as Ecklonia cava, Maban, and seaweed, contain chlorophyll a, c and carotene and xanthophyll. Green algae plants, such as green and seaweed, contain chlorophyll a and b and carotenoids. Therefore, the use of the wavelength of the light source should be appropriately adjusted according to the type of seaweed and the type of chlorophyll in the seaweed.

iv) While maintaining the environmental temperature of the seaweeds exposed to the air, continue to supply water and nutrients according to the algae growth rate, while continuing to grow light irradiation for photosynthesis.

Unlike the land plants, the algae's vertical distribution shows a distinct stratification within just a few tens of centimeters. This means that the degree of permeation of light rays necessary for photosynthesis and the adaptability to the environment of the tidal flats in accordance with the length of time that tidal vegetation is exposed to the air by tidal tides can be adapted according to the type of seaweed. Because it is different. In general, when sunlight enters the ocean, the light is absorbed and scattered, and the deeper it is, the weaker it is. In addition, long-wavelength light rays are absorbed sequentially. Thus the red light side is extinguished in the shallows and the cyan can go deep. Accordingly, green algae are relatively shallow and bright, and brown algae and red algae are gradually growing in deep and dark areas.

In addition, among the green algae, brown algae, and red algae, depending on the type, it is classified into inferiority, warming (溫 海 性), Hanhaeseong, etc., each species can be seen to live only within the temperature range that can grow. In other words, seaweed cactus and saggatmal are known as difficult seaweeds, and seaweeds, shellfish, mabanban, loot, and starfish ferns include seaweed, kelp, red coon, and tycocarpus.

Therefore, it is known that the temperature required for the growth of seaweed is the best at 17-20 degrees Celsius in case of seaweed, germination and growth of spores. Therefore, the temperature of the water sprayed with nutrients is controlled to maintain the optimum water temperature for the growth of algae to inject the sea water.

9 is a vertical cross-sectional arrangement of a plurality of upper and lower tanks capable of mass production of seaweed by the aquaculture apparatus upside down. 10 is a cross-sectional arrangement of a plurality of upper tank and the lower tank capable of mass production of seaweed by the aquaculture apparatus upside down. According to Figures 9 and 10 to maintain a lot of space on the side of the upper tank and to allow the flow of air by the natural or ventilating (vent) device through this space to obtain the effect of drying the algae in the natural state under the exposure conditions did. From this, it is possible to produce large-scale cultivated algae on land.

Figure 11 shows the system configuration of the plant-type algae upside down apparatus, the seawater used in the seaweed upside down aquaculture apparatus having a plurality of upper tanks and lower tanks capable of mass production of seaweeds are collected into a culture seawater supplement tank. The collected seawater is sent to the filter using a pump. In the filter, impurities are filtered out using a filter such as a filter, and the filtered seawater is sent back to the seawater sterilization and disinfection device. The sterilizer sterilizes bacteria that are unnecessary for seaweed farming such as pathogens. The sterilization method may be a high temperature, low temperature sterilization or sterilization by ultraviolet rays, ozone and chemicals.

In order to be used as a medium for supplying nutrients to seaweed, the sterilized seawater is added with nutrients, minerals, etc. using a quantitative injection device or mixed with a concentrated solution of the above-mentioned substance. Seawater prepared as a culture solution has a circulation process which is automatically sprayed onto the algae attached to the substrate by the spray controller.

v) After a certain period of time, the algae will be collected and packaged.

Algae may be the same species, depending on the environment, such as the distinction between annual and perennial, year-round emergence and flouring (繁茂 時期). In general, however, there are many types of seasonal algae that show up year-round changes that begin to appear in late autumn, swell from winter to spring, and gradually disappear in summer.

This series of processes can be made into an apartment-type factory by installing a plurality of algae farming apparatus, and by cultivating by arbitrarily setting the environment necessary for the growth of algae through environmental control such as air temperature, water temperature, exposure time and light wavelength, Unlike the farming method, which waited only for the marine environment and seasonal changes of the sea, it is possible to produce seaweeds with commodity value by actively changing the environment necessary for seaweed growth, and can also be processed according to a certain processing method for commercialization.

With the advantages of convenient environmental control of land facilities and a new farming method that does not use the large amount of seawater required for algae farming, seaweeds can be mass-produced in a plant type like hydroponic cultivation of crops indoors on land. From this, it is possible to stably supply necessary algae regardless of environmental changes such as water temperature and climate of the ocean, which can be created as a source of income for fish farms and new industries.

10: algae upside down apparatus 11: upper tank
12: lower tank 13: attached seaweed
14: culture tank holder 20: light source
30: atomizer 40: substrate
50: water container 60: light source controller
70: spray controller 80: seawater temperature controller
90: filter 95: sterilizer
100: seaweed upside down system
101: algae upside down fish tank
110: nutrient replenishment device 120: seawater storage tank

Claims (28)

The algae are seeded on the substrate, grown with the substrate surface turned upside down in the direction of gravity, and the sprayer is sprayed with water and nutrients to the algae in one of the up, down, left and right directions centered on the algae drawn on the substrate. Installed, the spraying cycle and spraying amount of the sprayer is controlled by the sprayer control controller. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the substrate is divided into an upper tank and a lower tank. According to claim 1, seaweeds that are cultivated on the substrate are steamed, grassed, braised, starfish, chinus, black buckwheat, jindubal, stone, shell, jade, silk, seaweed, seaweed, seaweed, kelp, seaweed, seaweed Seaweed upside down method, characterized in that the one or more selected from walnut, Ecklonia cava, mabanban. delete delete The method according to claim 1, wherein a light source for causing photosynthetic action on the algae is installed in any one of the up, down, left and right directions centered on the algae drawn on the substrate. The method of claim 6, wherein the light source is any one or more selected from artificial light sources or natural light sources. The method of claim 7 wherein the artificial light source is any one or more selected from incandescent light source, discharge light light source, semiconductor light source, fluorescent light source. The method according to claim 6, wherein the lighting period and the irradiation amount of the light source is controlled by a light source control controller. a) preparing a substrate for harvesting algae spores or spores;
b) harvesting algae by soaking the substrate in seawater mixed with the spores and spores of the algae;
c) placing the drawn substrate face in the direction of gravity;
d) installing a nebulizer control controller which controls the spraying period and the spraying volume of the nebulizer and the nebulizer spraying water and nutrients to seaweed in any one of the up, down, left and right directions around the drawn substrate surface;
e) feeding the seawater and nutrients to the surface of the substrate on which the seaweed is drawn. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the substrate is separated into an upper tank and a lower tank. The method according to claim 10, step b) algae seedlings inverted the upper tank and superimposed on the lower tank and seeding the spores or spores of the algae on the ceiling of the upper tank to implant the algae base (root), and the upper tank on which the algae was implanted Seaweed upside down farming method, characterized in that consisting of the step of placing upside down on the top. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3 and 6 to 12 is carried out onshore. delete Substrates in which seaweeds are drawn are installed in a direction toward gravity, and sprayers for injecting water and nutrients into seaweeds are installed in any of the up, down, left, and right directions centering on the substrates where seaweeds are drawn. Seaweed upside down farming apparatus characterized in that the spray control controller is further installed to control the. The seaweed upside down apparatus according to claim 15, wherein the substrate is divided into an upper tank and a lower tank. The algae to be cultivated in the substrate of the claim 15 is a crustacean, grass starch, bracken starfish, wood starfish, jinari, black pepper, jindubal, stone, shell, jade, silk grass, open seaweed room, seaweed, shellfish, kelp, seaweed, seaweed seaweed Seaweed upside down device, characterized in that the one or more selected from walnut, Ecklonia cava, maternity. delete delete The algae upside down apparatus according to claim 15, wherein a light source for irradiating light to the algae is provided at one of the up, down, left, and right directions of the substrate on which the seaweed is drawn. The algae upside down apparatus according to claim 20, wherein the light source is at least one selected from an artificial light source and a natural light source. The seaweed inverted farming apparatus according to claim 21, wherein the artificial light source is at least one selected from an incandescent light source, a discharge light light source, a semiconductor light source, and a fluorescent light source. 21. The seaweed inverted farming apparatus according to claim 20, further comprising a light source control controller for controlling the lighting period and the irradiation amount of the light source. The seaweed inverted farming apparatus according to claim 15, further comprising a seawater storage tank for recovering seawater injected from the sprayer. 25. The seaweed upside down apparatus according to claim 24, further comprising a filter and a sterilizer for filtering and sterilizing the seawater of the seawater storage tank. 26. The seaweed upside down apparatus according to claim 25, further comprising a nutrient replenishing device for replenishing nutrients of seaweed in filtered and sterilized seawater. The marine algae upside down apparatus according to any one of claims 15 to 17 and 20 to 26, which is a device installed on land. An algae upside down plant in which the apparatus of any one of claims 15 to 17 and 20 to 26 is installed.

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