CN110150114B - Stem section transplanting method for water culture hippocampus - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a stem section transplanting method for water culture hippocampus, which comprises the following steps: 1) preparing a transplanting and planting device, adopting a green, environment-friendly and eco-friendly floatable substance as a load-carrying substrate, drilling holes on the load-carrying substrate to form planting holes with the diameter being suitable for the diameter of the hippocampus, wherein the height of the planting holes is between 20 and 50 mm; the load-bearing matrix is connected with a fixing device in the water body through a connector comprising an anchor rope to form a stable planting device; 2) preparing stem segments; 3) transplanting; 4) and managing after transplantation. The method has high survival rate, and the survival rate in the open culture water area can reach more than 80 percent; more than 95% of the closed water body.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of salt-tolerant plants, namely hippocampus japonicus transplantation, and particularly relates to a method for transplanting stem segments of hippocampus in a water culture mode.
Background
According to the 'Chinese marine ecological environment condition bulletin' in 2017, the inferior four types of seawater account for 16% in the monitoring points of the coastal sea area of the country in summer, the area is about 4 million square kilometers, and the inferior four types of seawater are distributed in the coastal sea areas such as the Bay of Liaodong, the Bohai Bay, the Yangtze river mouth, the Hangzhou Bay, the coastal areas of Zhejiang river, the Zhujiang river mouth and the like, and the main pollution indexes are inorganic nitrogen and active phosphate. The rich nutritive salt causes the frequent red tide of the sea area, and has different degrees of influence on the society, the economy and the ecology. Therefore, the control of the discharge amount of nitrogen and phosphorus and the reasonable utilization of bioremediation technology to remove part of the nutritive salts are the problems which need to be researched and solved at present. At present, salt-tolerant plants applied to the restoration of the ocean eutrophic water body have less selectivity, economic crops such as gracilaria, asparagus, kelp and the like are mainly selected, the problem that the large-scale seaweed cannot fall in summer exists, the restoration effect is greatly influenced by seasons, and the restoration continuity is poor.
Hippocampus (Sesuvium portulacastrum L.), also known as Binhuacai, belongs to the genus of Ascidiacea (Sesuvium), a perennial fleshy herb, and grows in seaside sand or saline-alkali land. The seawater remediation organism is widely distributed on tropical and subtropical seashore in the world, mostly grows in Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Taiwan and Dongshan island in China, has the characteristics of vigorous vitality, wide range of suitable growth conditions, strong nitrogen and phosphorus absorption capacity, high ecological safety coefficient and the like, is an ideal seawater remediation organism, has the economic utilization value of the remediation species such as gracilaria, asparagus, kelp and the like, overcomes the defect that the remediation species cannot live in summer, avoids seasonal interruption in the remediation process, and ensures the continuity of the remediation.
However, as a key link of the hippocampus restoration technology, transplantation and propagation determine whether the technology can be applied to large-scale restoration ecological engineering. Common plant propagation modes include a seed culture method, in vitro stem transplantation, a protoplast tissue culture method and the like; the different methods have large difference of transplanting success rate, the seed culture and protoplast tissue culture methods cannot meet the expanding propagation requirements of large-scale ecological engineering in terms of time and economic cost, and stem transplantation has the advantages of high speed, high survival rate and the like, and becomes a mainstream expanding propagation technology. At present, the key technology research on stem transplantation of the hippocampus is less, and an effective transplantation technology is not available for reference in the scientific research and design field or the environmental ecological restoration engineering. Therefore, the invention provides the stem transplantation technology of the hippocampus and scientifically guides the application of the hippocampus in the field of ecological restoration, which is urgent and necessary.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the existing hippocampus cultivating technology, comprehensively consider the conditions of field physicochemical environment conditions in a water culture mode, improve the survival rate of stem transplantation of the hippocampus, and shorten the transplantation and propagation period.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for transplanting stem segments of hippocampus, which comprises the following steps:
1. transplant planting device preparation
The floatable matter is used as the load carrying matrix, and the holes are drilled to form the planting holes with the diameter suitable for the diameter of the hippocampus dentate stem, and the height of the planting holes is 20-50mm, so that the hippocampus dentate stem can be effectively fixed. The load-bearing matrix is connected with a fixing device in the water body through anchor ropes or other connectors to form a stable planting device. Or a fishing net is arranged in the floatable frame as a load-carrying substrate, the diameter of the net mesh of the fishing net is larger than that of the sea horse teeth, and the distance between the upper layer of fishing net and the lower layer of fishing net is 20mm-50 mm.
2. Stem segment preparation
Stem source of hippocampus
Taking wild hippocampus which naturally grows or artificially cultured and grows well without water shortage and wilting phenomenon for preparing stem segments, wherein the plant stem is green, dark red or red, the leaf is tender green and complete, and the edge is not obviously damaged; cutting off and picking stolons at the stem nodes, and taking a section of stolons after the top leaves are picked off as a stem section for cuttage.
The quality requirement of the stem section is as follows: the length of the stem section is 30cm-50cm, the leaf-free stem node is 3-5 nodes, the leaf-containing stem node is 1-3 nodes, and 2-6 leaves are reserved.
3 transplantation of
3.1 storage and transportation of Stem segments
Placing the stem segments at a cool and ventilated place, spreading, tiling or bundling up and standing up to avoid plant tissue damage caused by stacking, wherein the storage temperature is lower than 25 ℃ (preferably 10 ℃ -25 ℃, and further preferably 10 ℃ -15 ℃), and the relative humidity of air is more than 60% (preferably 60% -95%, and further preferably 80% -95%); during transportation, moisture preservation measures are taken for the stem sections, and wind, sun, rain and mechanical damage are prevented. Storage and transport did not exceed 48 hours.
3.2 environmental Condition requirements for transplantation
Nutrient salt: the inorganic nitrogen concentration is not less than 0.2mg/L (preferably 0.2mg/L-168mg/L, more preferably 0.8mg/L-168mg/L, e.g., 1mg/L, 20mg/L, 40mg/L, 50mg/L, 60mg/L, 80mg/L, 100mg/L, 120mg/L, 140mg/L), the active phosphate is not less than 0.015mg/L (preferably 0.015mg/L-15.5mg/L, more preferably 0.08mg/L-15.5mg/L, e.g., 0.1mg/L, 1mg/L, 3mg/L, 5mg/L, 7mg/L, 9mg/L, 11mg/L, 13 mg/L).
pH: the pH value is moderate, and the pH value is 6.5-8.5.
Temperature: the temperature should be kept between 10 ℃ and 32 ℃.
Salinity: the marine ferule is suitably grown in hydroponic conditions in a salinity range of 0 to 35 and in a salinity range of 0 to 20, e.g. 1, 5, 10, 15.
Illumination: the illumination intensity is controlled to be 5000lx-15000lx during transplantation, and when the sunlight is too strong, the illumination intensity is reduced by adopting a shading measure, and the transpiration effect of the hippocampus dentate is reduced.
3.3 the transplanting time is to perform cuttage transplanting in rainy days or in the afternoon when the illumination is weak, and the most suitable season is 3-5 months.
3.4 transplantation method
Cutting the stem segments of the hippocampus by a fixed matrix, ensuring that the stem segments with leaves are above the surface of the matrix, and soaking the stem segments without leaves in water; if the node at the end of the stem section is dry and wilted in the transportation process, the stem section is removed. The cuttage density is 25 per square meter to 35 per square meter.
4 post-transplant management
The illumination intensity is as follows: and in one month after transplantation, controlling the illumination intensity by 5000lx-15000lx in a shading mode.
Temperature and humidity control: controlling the temperature of the culture medium to be 10-32 ℃ by shading, ventilating and sprinkling water; the relative humidity is above 80%.
Fertilizing: if the Nutrient salt of the culture substrate is lower than the limited value required in the step 3, spraying a Complete Nutrient Solution (preferably Hoagland's Complete Nutrient Solution) or an equivalent compound fertilizer on the plants until the leaves have liquid drops and drip once a week.
And (3) complementing seeds: observing the growth conditions of stems and leaves of the plants every week, and if abnormal conditions such as white spots, perforations, rottenness and the like of the leaves are found, removing abnormal plants and appropriately replanting.
Management of severe weather such as typhoon: the prevention work is well done before severe weather such as typhoon, tropical storm or astronomical tide, the fixation of the field planting device is strengthened, and a shading net or a fishing net is covered on the field planting device to prevent the hippocampus from being overturned. And (5) timely finishing in bad weather, and applying fertilizer properly.
The invention has the following advantages:
according to the process and the method, the survival rate of the hippocampus is high, wherein the survival rate can reach more than 80% in an open culture water area; more than 95% of the closed water body.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples.
FIG. 1 is a pictorial representation of example 1 after 1 month of transplantation in an open body of water;
FIG. 2 is a pictorial representation of example 1 after 5 months of transplantation in an open body of water;
FIG. 3 is a pictorial representation of example 1 after 12 months of transplantation in an open body of water;
FIG. 4 is a pictorial view of example 2 after 1 month of transplantation in a closed water body;
FIG. 5 is a pictorial representation of example 2 after 5 months of transplantation in a closed body of water;
FIG. 6 is a second pictorial view of example 2 after 5 months of transplantation in a closed body of water.
Detailed Description
1. Transplant planting device preparation
The environment-friendly and ecological floatable substance is used as a load-carrying substrate, a planting hole with the diameter slightly larger than that of the hippocampus dentate is formed by drilling on the load-carrying substrate, the height of the planting hole is between 20mm and 50mm, and the hippocampus dentate can be effectively fixed. The load-bearing matrix is connected with a fixing device in the water body through anchor ropes or other connectors to form a stable planting device. Or a fishing net is arranged in the floatable frame as a load-carrying substrate, the diameter of the net mesh of the fishing net is larger than that of the sea horse teeth, and the distance between the upper layer of fishing net and the lower layer of fishing net is 20mm-50 mm.
2. Stem segment preparation
Stem source of hippocampus
Taking wild hippocampus which naturally grows or artificially cultured and grows well without water shortage and wilting phenomenon for preparing stem segments, wherein the plant stem is green, dark red or red, the leaf is tender green and complete, and the edge is not obviously damaged; cutting off and picking stolons at the stem nodes, and taking a section of stolons after the top leaves are picked off as a stem section for cuttage.
The quality requirement of the stem section is as follows: the length of the stem section is 30cm-50cm, the leaf-free stem node is 3-5 nodes, the leaf-containing stem node is 1-3 nodes, and 2-6 leaves are reserved.
3. Transplantation
3.1 storage and transportation of Stem segments
Placing the stem segments at a cool and ventilated place, spreading, tiling or bundling up and standing up to avoid the damage of plant tissues caused by stacking, wherein the storage temperature is lower than 25 ℃, and the relative humidity of air is higher than 60%; during transportation, moisture preservation measures are taken for the stem sections, and wind, sun, rain and mechanical damage are prevented. Storage and transport did not exceed 48 hours.
3.2 environmental Condition requirements for transplantation
Nutrient salt: the concentration of inorganic nitrogen is not less than 0.2mg/L, and the active phosphate is not less than 0.015 mg/L.
pH: the pH value of the culture medium is moderate, and the pH value is 6.5-8.5.
Temperature: the temperature should be kept between 10 ℃ and 32 ℃.
Salinity: the salinity range of the hippocampus suitable for growth under the water culture condition is 0-35, and the optimal salinity range is 0-20.
Illumination: the illumination intensity is controlled to be 5000lx-15000lx during transplantation, and when the sunlight is too strong, the illumination intensity is reduced by adopting a shading measure, and the transpiration effect of the hippocampus dentate is reduced.
3.3 transplant culture Format
The method cultures the hippocampus by the water culture mode, and is characterized in that: an ecological floating bed or a similar device is used as a planting substrate, and holes with the same size as the stem nodes of the hippocampus are made at the flexible part of the floating bed so as to fix plants by cuttage.
3.4 time to transplant
The cuttage transplantation is carried out in rainy days or in the afternoon when the illumination is weak, and the most suitable season is 3-5 months.
3.5 transplantation method
Cutting the stem segments of the hippocampus by a fixed matrix, ensuring that the stem segments with leaves are above the surface of the matrix, and soaking the stem segments without leaves in water; if the node at the end of the stem section is dry and wilted in the transportation process, the stem section is removed. The transplanting density is 25 per square meter to 35 per square meter.
4. Post-transplant management
The illumination intensity is as follows: and in one month after transplantation, controlling the illumination intensity by 5000lx-15000lx in a shading mode.
Temperature and humidity control: controlling the temperature of the culture medium to be 10-32 ℃ by shading, ventilating and sprinkling water; the relative humidity is above 80%.
Fertilizing: and (3) if the Nutrient salt of the culture substrate is lower than the limited value required in the step (3), spraying Hoagland's Complete Nutrient Solution or equivalent compound fertilizer on the plants until the liquid drops on the leaves drop once a week.
And (3) complementing seeds: observing the growth conditions of stems and leaves of the plants every week, and if abnormal conditions such as white spots, perforations, rottenness and the like of the leaves are found, removing abnormal plants and appropriately replanting.
Management of severe weather such as typhoon: the prevention work is well done before severe weather such as typhoon, tropical storm or astronomical tide, the fixation of the field planting device is strengthened, and a shading net or a fishing net is covered on the field planting device to prevent the hippocampus from being overturned. And (5) timely finishing in bad weather, and applying fertilizer properly.
5. Determination of graft survival
Criterion for judging survival of transplant
Overall appearance: good growth, no damage, no malformation, and no water shortage and wilting.
Root: adventitious roots (more than or equal to 3) grow on the base of the stem node, and the fibrous roots are milky white and have no damage.
And (3) stem: the stem nodes grow well, and are green, dark red or red without water shortage and wilting.
Leaf: the leaves are green or yellow green, and the meat is soft and thick; leaves are intact, no obvious damage is caused on the edge, and no water shortage will be caused.
Survival judgment: after 1 month of transplantation, all the requirements are met, and the survival of transplantation is judged.
And (3) calculating the survival rate of transplantation: the percentage of the number of plants transplanted to survive to the total number of cuttings.
Example 1 (open water)
Transplanting in open aquaculture water area of sea reclamation area after the Pu field in 2016, wherein the upper and lower layers of fishing nets are used as planting substrates, and the periphery of the planting substrates is provided with pvc pipes as buoyancy carriers. The water temperature of the water area is 15-30 ℃, the salinity is 17-21, the inorganic nitrogen is about 1.0mg/L, and the phosphate is 0.1-0.2 mg/L. The survival rate is 80% after one month, and the relative growth rate is 0.025/day; the propagation effect is good after five months of transplantation. See fig. 1-3.
Example 2 (closed water)
The project group is that in 2017, the large-scale transplantation is carried out in a pond for treating the breeding tail water of the prawns in the Wenchang county town of Hainan Wenchang city, the water temperature is 25.8-28.9 ℃, the salinity is 23.0-25.6, a green environment-friendly floating plate is adopted as a load-bearing substrate, a planting hole with the diameter slightly larger than that of the dentate stem of the hippocampus is formed by drilling on the load-bearing substrate, and the height of the planting hole is 50 mm. The load-bearing matrix is connected with a fixing device in the water body through anchor ropes or other connectors to form a stable planting device.
The survival rate after one month is 95 percent after the transplantation is carried out according to the method, and the expanding propagation effect is obvious after five months of transplantation. See fig. 4-6.
Claims (8)
1. A stem section transplanting method for water culture hippocampus comprises the following steps:
1) transplant planting device preparation
A fishing net is arranged in the floatable frame to serve as a load-carrying substrate, the diameter of meshes of the fishing net is larger than that of the sea horse teeth, the distance between the upper layer of fishing net and the lower layer of fishing net is 20-50mm, and the load-carrying substrate is connected with a fixing device in a water body through a connector comprising an anchor rope to form a stable planting device;
2) preparation of stem segment
Taking wild hippocampus which naturally grows or artificially cultured and grows well without water shortage and wilting phenomenon for preparing stem segments, wherein the plant stem is green, dark red or red, the leaf is tender green and complete, and the edge is not obviously damaged; shearing off the picked stolons at the stem nodes, and taking a section of stolons after the top leaves are picked off as a stem section for transplantation;
the quality requirement of the stem section is as follows: the length of the stem section is 30cm-50cm, the leaf-free stem node is 3-5 nodes, the leaf-containing stem node is 1-3 nodes, and 2-6 leaves are reserved;
3) transplantation
Storage and transportation of stem segments: placing the stem segments at a cool and ventilated place, and placing in a bundling and upright mode to avoid plant tissue damage caused by stacking, wherein the storage temperature is lower than 25 ℃, and the relative humidity of air is higher than 60%; during transportation, moisture preservation measures are taken for the stem sections to prevent wind, sunshine, rain and mechanical damage; storage and transport for no more than 48 hours;
nutrient salt: the concentration of inorganic nitrogen is not lower than 0.2mg/L, and the active phosphate is not lower than 0.015 mg/L;
pH: the pH value is moderate, and the pH value is 6.5-8.5;
temperature: the temperature is kept between 10 and 32 ℃;
salinity: the salinity is 0-35;
illumination: controlling the illumination intensity to be 5000lx-15000lx during transplanting;
transplanting time: performing cuttage transplantation in rainy days or in the afternoon when the illumination is weak, wherein the season is 3-5 months;
the transplanting method comprises the following steps: cutting the stem segments of the hippocampus by a fixed matrix, ensuring that the stem segments with leaves are above the surface of the matrix, and soaking the stem segments without leaves in water; if the end node of the stem section is dry and wilted in the transportation process, removing the stem section; the transplanting density is 25 per square meter to 35 per square meter;
4) post-transplant management
The illumination intensity is as follows: in one month of transplantation, the illumination intensity is controlled to be 5000lx-15000lx by adopting a shading mode;
temperature and humidity control: controlling the temperature of the culture substrate to be 10-32 ℃ by shading, ventilating and sprinkling water; the relative humidity is more than 80%;
fertilizing: if the environmental nutrient salt is lower than the limited value required in the step 3), spraying a full nutrient solution or an equivalent compound fertilizer on the plants until liquid drops drop on the leaves, once a week;
and (3) complementing seeds: observing the growth conditions of stems and leaves of the plants every week, and if abnormal conditions including white spots, perforations and rottenness of the leaves are found, removing abnormal plants and appropriately replanting;
management of severe weather such as typhoon: the prevention work is well done before severe weather such as typhoon, tropical storm or astronomical heavy tide, the fixation of the field planting device is strengthened, and a shading net or a fishing net is covered on the field planting device to prevent the hippocampus from being overturned; and (5) timely finishing in bad weather, and applying fertilizer properly.
2. The stem segment transplanting method for water culture hippocampus, as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: step 3) the storage temperature is lower than 25 ℃ and is 10-25 ℃.
3. The stem segment transplanting method for water culture hippocampus, as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in the step 3), the concentration of inorganic nitrogen in water is not less than 0.2mg/L and is 0.2mg/L-168 mg/L.
4. The stem segment transplanting method for water culture hippocampus, according to claim 3, is characterized in that: in the step 3), the concentration of inorganic nitrogen in water is 0.8mg/L-168 mg/L.
5. The stem segment transplanting method for water culture hippocampus, as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the active phosphate is not less than 0.015mg/L and is 0.015mg/L-15.5 mg/L.
6. The stem segment transplanting method for water culture hippocampus, according to claim 5, is characterized in that: the active phosphate is not less than 0.015mg/L and is 0.08-15.5 mg/L.
7. The stem segment transplanting method for water culture hippocampus, as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in the step 3), the salinity range of the hippocampus under the water culture condition is 0-20.
8. The stem segment transplanting method for water culture hippocampus, as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: when the illumination intensity exceeds 15000lx during transplantation, shading measures are adopted to reduce the illumination intensity and reduce the transpiration of the hippocampus dentate.
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| CN112640673B (en) * | 2020-12-10 | 2022-04-26 | 福建省水产研究所（福建水产病害防治中心） | Sea horse tooth transportation method |
| CN113317183A (en) * | 2021-06-05 | 2021-08-31 | 深圳市礁点生物技术有限公司 | Method for cultivating and constructing hippocampus floating island |
| CN113598053B (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2022-05-13 | 闽江学院 | Efficient hippocampus axillary bud tissue culture and rapid propagation method |
| CN114890830A (en) * | 2022-05-25 | 2022-08-12 | 海南师范大学 | Haimaya soilless culture nutrient solution and preparation method thereof |
| CN115500164B (en) * | 2022-11-07 | 2024-07-09 | 四川新叶光生物科技有限公司 | Intelligent lighting device and method for animal and plant growth |
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