CN112640673B

CN112640673B - Sea horse tooth transportation method

Info

Publication number: CN112640673B
Application number: CN202011454227.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 许贻斌; 罗冬莲; 郑惠东; 杨芳; 郑盛华
Original assignee: Fisheries Research Institute Of Fujian (fujian Aquatic Disease Prevention Center)
Current assignee: Fisheries Research Institute Of Fujian (fujian Aquatic Disease Prevention Center)
Priority date: 2020-12-10
Filing date: 2020-12-10
Publication date: 2022-04-26
Anticipated expiration: 2040-12-10
Also published as: CN112640673A

Abstract

The invention discloses a sea horse tooth transportation method, which comprises the following steps: 1) taking hippocampus, and processing the hippocampus into stem segments; 2) drying the stem segments of the hippocampus in the shade for 12h-3d until the average water content is 76% -78%; 3) the stem segments of the hippocampus which are dried in the shade in the step 2) are used for transportation, and the temperature range is kept between 22 and 27 ℃ and the humidity range is kept between 40 and 60 percent in the transportation process. The invention can improve the survival rate of the sea horse teeth after transportation.

Description

Sea horse tooth transportation method

Technical Field

The invention relates to a method for transporting sea horse teeth.

Background

Hippocampus (Sesuvium portulacastrum L.), also known as Binhuacai, belongs to the genus of Ascidiacea (Sesuvium), a perennial fleshy herb, and grows in seaside sand or saline-alkali land. The seawater remediation organism is widely distributed on tropical and subtropical seashore in the world, mostly grows in Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Taiwan and Dongshan island in China, has the characteristics of vigorous vitality, wide range of suitable growth conditions, strong nitrogen and phosphorus absorption capacity, high ecological safety coefficient and the like, is an ideal seawater remediation organism, has the economic utilization value of the remediation species such as gracilaria, asparagus, kelp and the like, overcomes the defect that the remediation species cannot live in summer, avoids seasonal interruption in the remediation process, and ensures the continuity of the remediation.

The stem section transplantation is an important method for realizing the rapid propagation of the hippocampus. However, the hippocampus usually is not located at the same location from the sampling site and the transplantation site, and often requires a long-term and long-distance transportation period. The transport mode generally adopts vegetable baskets, and in order to keep the freshness of the hippocampus, the existing method is to directly transport the stem sections after collecting and processing the stem sections, and after the transport, the quality of the stem sections of the hippocampus in different batches often has great difference, and some or even a large amount of decay, thereby influencing the transplanting quantity and quality of the stem sections of the hippocampus. Generally, after 2 to 5 hours of transportation, the graft cannot be directly used for transplantation due to various reasons such as injury, and may be about 10%; the remaining 90% can be used for transplanted hippocampus stem segments, with a survival rate of about 80-90%, i.e., about 72.0-81% overall. If the transport time is longer, the survival rate is further reduced.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention mainly aims to provide a method for transporting sea horse teeth.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is as follows:

a method for transporting sea horse teeth comprises the following steps:

1) taking hippocampus, and processing the hippocampus into stem segments;

2) spreading stem segments of the hippocampus in an air-conditioning environment, and drying in the shade for 12h-3 d; the air-conditioning environment temperature is 22-27 ℃, and the air relative humidity is less than or equal to 60%; the drying in the shade also comprises blowing and accelerating dehydration, and the wind speed in the air-conditioning environment is 1.00-5.00 m/s; drying in shade for 12-72 h (3 days);

3) and (3) using the stem sections of the hippocampus which are dried in the shade in the step 2) for transportation and planting.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, in step 2), the time for flat drying in the shade is further preferably 12-48 h.

In the preferred embodiment of the invention, in the step 2), the time for flatly paving and drying in the shade is 12-24 h.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the blowing accelerates the dewatering, the wind speed being further preferably 1.25-3.50 m/s.

In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the air-conditioned environment in step 2) preferably has a temperature of 23-26 ℃ and a relative humidity of 40-60%.

In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the air-conditioned environment in step 2) further preferably has a temperature of 23-26 ℃ and a relative air humidity of 45-55%.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, during transportation, a transportation frame is adopted, wherein the bottom of the transportation frame is provided with a water absorption body, a porous partition plate is arranged above the water absorption body, a shade-dried hippocampus stem section is placed on the porous partition plate, and the water absorption body absorbs saturated salt solution, wherein the saturated salt solution comprises potassium carbonate solution and/or magnesium nitrate solution.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the transportation frame comprises a frame body, the frame body is in a hollow square shape with an open top, and comprises a front wall, a rear wall, a left wall, a right wall and a bottom plate which are enclosed together, hollow areas are respectively arranged on the upper half parts of the front wall, the rear wall, the left wall and the right wall, a closed area is arranged near the lower end, and the closed area is not provided with hollow holes; the hollow area is provided with a plurality of hollow holes; a bottom containing area is formed between the closed area and the bottom plate, and a water absorption body is arranged in the bottom containing area.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the porous separator has 1 to 3 layers.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the temperature is maintained during transport in the range of 22-27 ℃.

In the preferred embodiment of the invention, in the step 1), the stem section is 30cm-50cm long, the leaf-free stem node is 3-5 nodes, the leaf-containing stem node is 1-3 nodes, and the leaf is remained at the top.

Compared with the background technology, the technical scheme has the following advantages:

1. in the existing transportation process of various plants such as sea horse teeth or fruits and vegetables, water is often added to keep the activity of the plants fresh for preventing dehydration. The applicant finds that the survival rate of the transplantation can be improved after the hippocampus is flatly laid and dried in the shade for at least 12 hours after long-term practice. The reason may be that the stem segments of fresh hippocampus with high water content are hard and are easy to extrude each other in the transportation process, so that various damages are caused, and after at least 12h of tiling and drying in the shade, the water content of the hippocampus drops, and the stem segments are soft as a whole, so that the mutual extrusion damage is reduced. Therefore, after the materials are spread and dried in the shade for 12h-3d, the overall survival rate is improved compared with the survival rate without dehydration (about 72.0% -81% of the survival rate of the materials which are directly transported without dehydration is improved to 87% -97% under the same transportation condition);

if the drying time is not enough for 12 hours, firstly, the moisture content is possibly not enough, or the parts are relatively easy to be squeezed and damaged mutually, secondly, the work and rest habits of workers are considered, 12 hours are the complete night time, the workers can collect the hippocampus in the first day and the day and process the hippocampus into stem segments, the processed stem segments are placed in an air-conditioned room at night and are provided with a fan for overnight, and then the stem segments are framed and transported in the second day. The reason why the shade drying time is 3d at the maximum is that experiments show that after 12 hours or even 3d of dehydration, the water content of the hippocampus does not decrease linearly with the increase of time although the water content is reduced, the hippocampus still can be stabilized at about 76-79% in the process, the survival rate can be kept above 87%, and therefore the hippocampus can be dried in shade for 3d at the maximum, and therefore the hippocampus can be placed indoors for 3d at the maximum in consideration of weather or other factors (such as leave for workers). But the survival rate can be more than 90 percent by taking 12-24h as the best. If the drying time in the shade exceeds 3d, the leaves are easy to rot and the survival rate of the transplantation is influenced, for example, the survival rate is sharply reduced to 68 percent at 4 d.

2. The reason for finding that the hippocampus is difficult to dehydrate can be the physiological structure of the hippocampus or the hippocampus is a marine plant with high salt content, so that the water content of the hippocampus is relatively stable, and the applicant finds that the dehydration is accelerated by adopting the air-conditioning environment and fan assistance mode, and the dehydration can reach the stable state of the water content after 12 hours. And the air conditioner and the fan are electrical appliances which are conventionally used in indoor places in south China, and the environment of practical production is met.

3. Because the conditions of the transport vehicle are different, some transport vehicles have air conditioners, some transport vehicles have no air conditioners, and the carriage is open or closed. The invention also provides a transportation frame, and during transportation, the bottom of each transportation frame adopts a saturated salt solution containing a potassium carbonate solution and/or a magnesium nitrate solution, so that the humidity in the air in each frame is relatively easy to control under the condition of lower water content than the sea horse teeth (for example, under the condition of normal temperature and sealing, the humidity range can be controlled to be about 40-55 percent) no matter the carriage is closed or opened. Therefore, the humidity is low, and the stable dehydration and relative soft state of the hippocampus is favorably kept; nor is it too costly, requiring saturated salt solutions such as saturated lithium chloride, bromide, fluoride if the humidity to be controlled is low, for example below 30%, which is costly and potentially dangerous, and may also have an impact on the physiology of the hippocampus.

4. The invention is combined with production practice, is convenient to operate and meets the actual requirements of the sea horse teeth transportation requiring longer distance and time.

Drawings

The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples.

FIG. 1 is a view of a treated stem section of hippocampus;

FIG. 2 is a diagram of stacking objects;

FIG. 3 is a graph of the effect of shade-dried stacking transport and normal temperature stacking transport on the survival rate of hippocampus;

FIG. 4 is a graph of the effect of shade-dried flat shipping and normal temperature flat shipping on the survival rate of hippocampus;

fig. 5 is an exploded view of the sea horse teeth transportation device of the present invention.

Detailed Description

Sea horse teeth

The hippocampal dentis used in the experiment is extracted from eight foot departments of east mountain county, Fujian province, namely a salt-tolerant plant-hippocampal ecological restoration demonstration base, hippocampal stem segment treatment reference DB35_ T1889-: picking 30-50 cm stem, 3-5 nodes of stem without leaf, 1-3 nodes of stem with leaf, and about 6 leaves at the top (figure 1)

Floating bed

Cutting the pearl cotton plate into 20 × 20cm size to obtain floating bed carrier, and making 16 insertion holes in each plate

Calculation method

Water content:

in the formula, WC: water content; FW: fresh weight (g); DW: dry weight (g).

Survival rate:

in the formula, SR: survival rate; nt: number of surviving plants (new roots are grown); n0: total number of plants.

Example 1

300 processed stem segments of the hippocampus adopt a stacking mode, namely 300 plants are stacked together, a stacking container is 40 cm long, 35 cm wide and 20cm high, and the stacking container is a cement pool; placing in air-conditioning environment, wherein the ambient temperature is 25 deg.C, and the relative humidity of air is 50%, and dehydrating with fan. The fan is a household fan, is driven to 2 grades (the wind speed is about 2.7m/s), and is about 1m away from the hippocampus; after 12h, randomly taking 3 hippocampus to measure the water content; and the rest of the plants are placed in the same frame by adopting a hollow vegetable transportation frame (the length, the width and the height are respectively about 53 x 36 x 28cm), the transportation time is about 5 hours, the plants are transported at normal temperature, 30 plants are randomly selected for water culture transplantation, and the new root germination state of the plants is observed. If the adventitious roots (3 or more) newly formed at the base of the leaf-free stem node are milky white and have no damage, the stem node is judged to be alive.

Examples 2 to 6

The difference from the example 1 is that the drying time of the air conditioner and the fan is 24h, 48h, 3d, 4d and 5d respectively.

Comparative example 1

300 processed stem segments of the hippocampus are stacked in a stacking mode, namely 300 stem segments are stacked together, and the stacking container is the same as that in the embodiment 1; room temperature (about 25 ℃), air relative humidity about 50%. After 12h, randomly taking 3 hippocampus, measuring the water content, carrying out water culture transplantation on the remaining hippocampus by adopting a hollow vegetable transportation frame (the length, the width and the height are 53 x 36 x 28cm respectively), carrying out transportation for about 5 hours at normal temperature, randomly taking 30 hippocampus, and observing the new root germination state of the hippocampus. If the adventitious roots (3 or more) newly formed at the base of the leaf-free stem node are milky white and have no damage, the stem node is judged to be alive.

Comparative examples 2 to 6

The same as comparative example 1, except that the room temperature natural shade drying time was 24h (comparative example 2), 48h (comparative example 3), 3d (comparative example 4), 4d (comparative example 5), and 5d (comparative example 6), respectively.

Example 7

100 treated stem segments of the hippocampus are placed in an air-conditioning environment and are tiled on the ground, wherein the tiling is that the stem segments are scattered on the cement ground without overlapping, the ambient temperature is 25 ℃, the relative humidity of air is 50%, and a fan is used for assisting in accelerating dehydration. The fan is a household fan, is driven to 2 grades (the wind speed is about 2.7m/s), and is about 1m away from the hippocampus; after 12h, 3 hippocampus japonicus teeth are randomly selected for water content determination, 30 hippocampus teeth are randomly selected, hollow vegetable transport frames (the length, the width and the height are 53 x 36 x 28cm respectively) are adopted for the rest, the transport time is about 5 hours, the hippocampus japonicus teeth are transported at normal temperature for water culture transplantation, and the new root germination state of the plants is observed. If the adventitious roots (3 or more) newly formed at the base of the leaf-free stem node are milky white and have no damage, the stem node is judged to be alive.

Examples 8 to 12

The difference from example 7 is that the drying time of the air conditioner and the fan in the shade is 24h (example 8), 48h (example 9), 3d (example 10), 4d (example 11) and 5d (example 12).

Comparative example 7

100 stem segments of the treated hippocampus, which were laid on the ground at room temperature (about 25 ℃), with a relative air humidity of about 50%. After 12h, randomly taking 3 hippocampus, measuring the water content, putting the rest in a hollow vegetable transportation frame (the length, the width and the height are 53 x 36 x 28cm respectively) in the same frame, transporting for about 5 hours at normal temperature, randomly taking 30 hippocampus, carrying out water culture transplantation, and observing the new root germination state of the hippocampus. If the adventitious roots (3 or more) newly formed at the base of the leaf-free stem node are milky white and have no damage, the stem node is judged to be alive.

Comparative examples 8 to 12

The same as comparative example 7 except that the room temperature natural shade drying time was 24h (comparative example 8), 48h (comparative example 9), 3d (comparative example 10), 4d (comparative example 11), and 5d (comparative example 12), respectively.

Results

1. Referring to table 1, examples 1 to 6, the survival rate of the hippocampus transported by stacking in the shade with air conditioning and fan was higher than that of the comparative examples 1 to 6, respectively.

The average water contents of comparative examples 1 to 6 (12h, 24h, 48h, 3d, 4d, 5d stacked at room temperature, respectively) were 81%, 79%, 78%, 79%, 73%. The average moisture content of the shade-dried stacks (air conditioning and

fan stacks

12h, 24h, 48h, 3d, 4d, 5d) of examples 1-6 was 78%, 77%, 75%, 72%, 70%. The stacking at normal temperature of comparative example 1 and comparative example 2(12h, 24h) did not change significantly, and the stacking leaves were slightly yellow when dried in the shade.

Comparative example 3(48h) ambient temperature stacking leaves turned yellow and rotten, concentrating at the bottom of the stack, which was susceptible to extrusion, with no significant change in the shade-dried stack of example 3.

In comparative example 4(3d), the rotting of the cold-piled product became more, and the rooting phenomenon was observed, and the yellowing number of the dried-in-the-shade piled product of example 4 continued to increase.

Comparative example 5(4d) the rotten number of the cold stack became large, and the shade-dried stack of example 5 found slightly rotten leaves.

Comparative example 6(5d) the stack at ambient temperature mostly rotted leaves, and the shade-dried stack of example 6 rotted leaves increased.

And (4) conclusion: the normal temperature stack of the comparative example is not easy to emit moisture and is easy to rot. The moisture content of the dried stacks in the shade is reduced more quickly, and the stacks are not easy to rot and easy to store, and are beneficial to long-distance transportation and planting.

2. The survival rate of the hippocampus by drying in the shade and flat transportation of examples 7-12 is substantially higher than that of comparative examples 7-12 by flat transportation at room temperature.

Comparative examples 7-12 were laid flat at room temperature (12h, 24h, 48h, 3d, 4d, 5d) and had average water contents of 77%, 79%, 77%, 76%, 75%, respectively. Examples 7-12 moisture content in the shade dried flat sheet was 77%, 78%, 76%, 79%, 76%.

The leaves of comparative examples 7 and 8(12h, 24h) laid at room temperature and examples 7 and 8 laid at room temperature were slightly yellow.

In the comparative example 9(48h), the yellow leaves are increased when the film is flatly laid at normal temperature and concentrated at the position where the surface water is easy to evaporate, and the film is not obviously changed when the film is dried in the shade in the example 9.

In comparative example 10(3d), the leaves laid at normal temperature start to rot and have rooting phenomenon, and in example 10, the leaves laid in the shade are dried and yellow and increase.

Comparative examples 11 and 12(4d, 5d) showed a larger number of rotten leaves when laid flat at room temperature, and examples 11 and 12 were dried in the shade and stacked to find slightly rotten leaves.

And (4) conclusion: the influence of the shade drying on the water content of the spread leaves is small, but the rotting condition of the leaves is obviously inhibited, and the long-distance storage and planting of the spread sea horse teeth are facilitated.

Transportation effect of spreading and stacking sea horse teeth at normal temperature

The results are shown in table 1 below: the survival rate of the transported hippocampus by drying in the shade was highest in the groups of examples (particularly examples 7-9), and the survival rate by stacking at room temperature was lowest (particularly comparative examples 10-12), and the survival rate of each group was decreased as the drying time in the shade was prolonged. And (4) conclusion: the effect of drying in the shade, spreading and transporting the hippocampus is the best.

TABLE 1

According to the results, the invention also provides a sea horse teeth transportation device, which adopts a flat laying device, can effectively improve the survival rate of the sea horse teeth in transportation, can save the transportation space and improve the transportation load capacity.

Referring to fig. 5, the sea horse teeth transportation device comprises a frame body, wherein the frame body is in a hollow square body shape with an open top, and comprises a front wall 100, a rear wall 300, a left wall 200, a right wall 400 and a bottom wall 500 which are enclosed together. Wherein, the upper parts of the front wall 100, the rear wall 300, the left wall 200 and the right wall 400 are respectively provided with a hollow area, and the lower end close to the hollow area is a closed area. Taking the front wall 110 as an example, a closed area 110 is 5-10cm close to the bottom, namely, no hollow hole is formed; the middle upper part of the front wall is a hollow-out area 120 provided with a plurality of hollow-out holes.

At four junctions of the front wall 100, the rear wall 300, the left wall 200 and the right wall 400, support blocks 210 are respectively provided to protrude inward

Four corners of the perforated support plate 700 are erected on the four support blocks 210, respectively. If desired, a plurality of support blocks may be provided, for example, in the center of the front and rear walls and at the top of the closed region. The porous support plate 700 may have 1 to 3 layers, and the larger the number of layers, the more advantageous the dispersion and the maintenance of the dehydrated state.

A water absorbing body 600 is provided between the inner bottom of the frame body and the porous support plate 700. Preferably, the water absorbent 600 is a sponge. The water absorbent 600 absorbs saturated salt solution. Preferably, the saturated salt solution used in the present invention is a potassium carbonate solution or a magnesium nitrate solution.

Preferably, the frame has a length, width and height of (45-60) × (35-40) × (25-30) cm, respectively.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and therefore should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for transporting sea horse teeth comprises the following steps:

1) taking hippocampus, and processing the hippocampus into stem segments;

2) spreading stem segments of the hippocampus in an air-conditioning environment, and drying in the shade for 12h-3 d; the ambient temperature of the air conditioner in the step 2) is 23-26 ℃, and the relative humidity of air is 45-55%; the drying in the shade also comprises blowing and accelerating dehydration, and the wind speed in the air-conditioning environment is 1.00-5.00 m/s;

3) using the stem sections of the hippocampus which are dried in the shade in the step 2) for transportation and planting; during transportation, a transportation frame is adopted, wherein a water absorption body is arranged at the bottom of the transportation frame, a porous partition plate is arranged above the water absorption body, a shade-dried hippocampus stem section is placed on the porous partition plate, and the water absorption body absorbs saturated salt solution which comprises potassium carbonate solution and/or magnesium nitrate solution;

the transportation frame comprises a frame body, the frame body is in a hollow square shape with an opening at the top, and comprises a front wall, a rear wall, a left wall, a right wall and a bottom plate which are enclosed together, hollow areas are respectively arranged at the upper parts of the front wall, the rear wall, the left wall and the right wall, a closed area is arranged close to the lower end, and hollow holes are not arranged in the closed area; the hollow area is provided with a plurality of hollow holes; a bottom containing area is formed between the closed area and the bottom plate, and a water absorption body is arranged in the bottom containing area.

2. A method of transporting hippocampus according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 2), the time of tiling and drying in the shade is 12-48 h.

3. A method of transporting hippocampus according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 2), the time of tiling and drying in the shade is 12-24 h.

4. A method of transporting hippocampus according to claim 1, wherein: the wind blowing accelerates the dehydration, and the wind speed is 1.25-3.50 m/s.

5. A method of transporting hippocampus according to claim 1, wherein: the porous separator is 1-3 layers.

6. A method of transporting hippocampus according to claim 1, wherein: the temperature range was maintained between 22-27 ℃ during transport.