CN114073982A - 一种在太阳光光照下具有优异光催化性能的氧化锌与苝酰亚胺复合光催化材料的合成方法 - Google Patents
一种在太阳光光照下具有优异光催化性能的氧化锌与苝酰亚胺复合光催化材料的合成方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种在太阳光照射下具有优异光催化性能的氧化锌与苝酰亚胺(PTCDI)复合材料光催化剂的制备方法与流程,属于材料制备技术领域,实验先采用一步水热法合成了氧化锌,再通过简单的湿化学方法将合成的氧化锌与不同浓度的PTCDI氯仿溶液进行反应,得到了三种不同的复合光催化剂。并对样品进行了测试与表征,同时探究了不同PTCDI浓度对得到的催化剂光催化性能的影响。本发明的特点是:光催化剂制备方法简单,高光催化效率,低成本,无污染。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于材料制备领域,涉及N型无机半导体氧化锌与有机半导体(PTCDI)复合材料的制备及其光催化性能的研究,研究了氧化锌与不同浓度PTCDI氯仿溶液反应后得到的复合材料和纯氧化锌在光催化性能方面的差异。
背景技术
由于工业的快速发展,环境污染变得越来越严重,大量化学原料的消耗,自然资源的过度开发使生态环境越来越差,水污染和空气污染也变得越来越严重。人类的生活环境正面临越来越严峻的考验。 各国政府在环境净化材料和环境污染控制技术方面的研究投入也越来越大。光催化技术作为一种廉价,方便的处理方法被广泛地用于处理各种环境问题,近年来引起了人们的极大兴趣。该技术不仅用于降解水中的有机污染物,而且还可用于去除大气中的氮氧化物等。氧化锌(ZnO)具有高的光催化活性,低成本和环保的特性,因此被广泛用于太阳光驱动的光催化剂中。氧化锌是一种宽带半导体(3.37eV),具有大的激子结合能(60 meV)。然而,光生电子-空穴对的高复合趋势和低的太阳能转化效率严重限制了ZnO的光催化性能。为了克服这些缺点,研究人员已经通过金属/非金属掺杂,表面改性,与其他半导体进行复合等技术对ZnO在光降解应用中的光催化活性进行了改善。这些方法通过改变带隙能量,抑制电子-空穴对的复合率,提高电荷分离效率,提高羟基自由基的产生,产生较小的粒径和高的比表面积以及可以在介质中更好地分散来增强其光催化性能。苝酰亚胺(PTCDI)作为当今备受关注的宽带隙n型有机半导体材料。由于其自身的酰亚胺基团,使其具有强大的电子吸引作用和高电子亲和力以及独特的光学电子特性。目前已在光催化,荧光开关,传感器,有机场效应晶体管,发光二极管等中得到了应用。氧化锌与PTCDI的复合有望改善氧化锌在光催化中的缺陷,从而提高光吸收强度,拓宽光响应范围,抑制光生电子空穴对的复合,从而进一步提高光催化活性。
发明内容
本发明的目的是通过简单易操作的试验方法制备出氧化锌(ZnO)并进一步合成出苝酰亚胺(PTCDI)与氧化锌的复合光催化材料(PTCDI/ZnO-5,PTCDI/ZnO-10,PTCDI/ZnO-20),探究了光催化材料合成的最佳PTCDI浓度(PTCDI氯仿溶液浓度为10mg/L)并对几种复合光催化材料和纯氧化锌光催化性能进行了对比和探究。
本发明是通过以下工艺过程实现的,本实验所用苝酰亚胺为商用苝酰亚胺,氯仿及无水甲醇均为商业,合成氧化锌的锌源为六水合硝酸锌(Zn(NO3)2•6H2O),碱源为氢氧化钾(KOH),洗涤剂为去离子水和无水乙醇(C2H5OH),所有材料均为分析纯,无进一步提纯处理;先采用一步水热法制备了氧化锌,首先,将10 mmol硝酸锌六水合物(Zn(NO3)2·6H2O)溶解在75 mL去离子水中,磁力搅拌10 min,得到澄清透明的溶液。 然后加入5mmol氢氧化钾(KOH)搅拌至KOH完全溶解后,将混合溶液转移到100 mL反应釜中,在烘箱中于180°C加热反应18 h。自然冷却后,收集沉淀并用去离子水和乙醇彻底洗涤几次,直到pH = 7,然后在70°C下干燥12小时得到ZnO粉末;10mL的PTCDI氯仿溶液(5mg/L,10mg/L,20mg/L三种浓度)与200mg ZnO粉末在50mL圆底烧瓶中混合,在恒温25℃避光条件下磁力搅拌6小时,再逐滴加入40mL无水甲醇继续搅拌2小时。反应结束后,采用真空抽滤收集沉淀,然后在80 ℃下干燥6小时,得到的最终产物以不同的PTCDI浓度分别命名为PTCDI/ZnO-5,PTCDI/ZnO-10,PTCDI/ZnO-20。用上述方法共制得ZnO,PTCDI/ZnO-5,PTCDI/ZnO-10,PTCDI/ZnO-20共4种样品并对其进行进一步表征。
附图说明
图1为本发明所制得的氧化锌(ZnO)、苝酰亚胺、氧化锌苝酰亚胺复合材料(PTCDI/ZnO-10)的UV-Vis漫反射光谱图(DRS);
图2为本发明所制得的纯ZnO、苝酰亚胺和PTCDI/ZnO-10样品的红外光谱图(IR);
图3为本发明所制得的纯ZnO、苝酰亚胺和PTCDI/ZnO-10样品的荧光光谱图(PL);
图4为本发明所制得的纯ZnO和氧化锌苝酰亚胺复合材料(PTCDI/ZnO-5,PTCDI/ZnO-10,PTCDI/ZnO-20)的光电流响应谱图;
图5为本发明所制得的纯ZnO和氧化锌苝酰亚胺复合材料(PTCDI/ZnO-5,PTCDI/ZnO-10,PTCDI/ZnO-20)的电化学交流阻抗谱图(EIS);
图6为本发明所制得的PTCDI/ZnO-10材料对甲基橙降解的吸光度随时间的变化图;
图7为本发明所制得的纯ZnO和氧化锌苝酰亚胺复合材料(PTCDI/ZnO-5,PTCDI/ZnO-10,PTCDI/ZnO-20)以及空白组对甲基橙降解的降解率随时间变化图;
图8为本发明所制得的PTCDI/ZnO-10材料对亚甲基蓝降解的吸光度随时间的变化图;
图9为本发明所制得的纯ZnO和氧化锌苝酰亚胺复合材料(PTCDI/ZnO-5,PTCDI/ZnO-10,PTCDI/ZnO-20)以及空白组对亚甲基蓝降解的降解率随时间变化图;
图10为本发明所制得的纯ZnO和氧化锌苝酰亚胺复合材料(PTCDI/ZnO-5,PTCDI/ZnO-10,PTCDI/ZnO-20)作催化剂时NO浓度(C/C0)的相对变化与光照时间的关系图。
具体实施方式
实施例1
首先,将10 mmol硝酸锌六水合物(Zn(NO3)2·6H2O)溶解在75 mL去离子水中,磁力搅拌10 min,得到澄清透明的溶液。 然后加入5mmol氢氧化钾(KOH)搅拌至KOH完全溶解后,将混合溶液转移到100 mL反应釜中,在烘箱中于180°C加热反应18 h。自然冷却后,收集沉淀并用去离子水和乙醇彻底洗涤几次,直到pH = 7,然后在70°C下干燥12小时得到ZnO粉末。
实施例2
10mL的PTCDI氯仿溶液(5mg/L,10mg/L,20mg/L三种浓度)与200mg ZnO粉末在50mL圆底烧瓶中混合,在恒温25℃避光条件下磁力搅拌6小时,再逐滴加入40mL无水甲醇继续搅拌2小时。反应结束后,采用真空抽滤收集沉淀,然后在80 ℃下干燥6小时,得到的最终产物以不同的PTCDI浓度分别命名为PTCDI/ZnO-5,PTCDI/ZnO-10,PTCDI/ZnO-20。
Claims (7)
1.一种在太阳光照射下具有优异光催化性能的氧化锌与苝酰亚胺(PTCDI)复合材料光催化剂的制备方法与流程,其特征为低成本,无污染,高光催化效率,制备方法简单;本实验所用苝酰亚胺为商用苝酰亚胺,氯仿及无水甲醇均为商业,合成氧化锌的锌源为六水合硝酸锌(Zn(NO3)2•6H2O),碱源为氢氧化钾(KOH),洗涤剂为去离子水和无水乙醇(C2H5OH),所有材料均为分析纯,无进一步提纯处理;先采用一步水热法制备了氧化锌,首先,将10 mmol硝酸锌六水合物(Zn(NO3)2·6H2O)溶解在75 mL去离子水中,磁力搅拌10 min,得到澄清透明的溶液; 然后加入5mmol氢氧化钾(KOH)搅拌至KOH完全溶解后,将混合溶液转移到100 mL反应釜中,在烘箱中于180°C加热反应18 h;自然冷却后,收集沉淀并用去离子水和乙醇彻底洗涤几次,直到pH = 7,然后在70°C下干燥12小时得到ZnO粉末;10mL的PTCDI氯仿溶液(5mg/L,10mg/L,20mg/L三种浓度)与200mg ZnO粉末在50mL圆底烧瓶中混合,在恒温25℃避光条件下磁力搅拌6小时,再逐滴加入40mL无水甲醇继续搅拌2小时;反应结束后,采用真空抽滤收集沉淀,然后在80 ℃下干燥6小时,得到的最终产物以不同的PTCDI浓度分别命名为PTCDI/ZnO-5,PTCDI/ZnO-10,PTCDI/ZnO-20;通过一系列的表征手段如UV-Vis固体漫反射光谱(DRS)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(IR)、紫外-可见光吸收谱(UV-Vis)、荧光激发光谱(PL)来分析样品的形貌、结构、成分和光学性质,光催化性能测试我们使用的光源是300w氙灯,降解的目标染料是甲基橙(MO)和亚甲基蓝(MB),空气污染物是一氧化氮(NO);有机染料降解实验如下:将50 mg的光催化剂加入到50 mL的污染物溶液(10 mg·L-1)中,然后将上述混合物置于石英烧杯中,在黑暗中磁力搅拌30分钟,以建立两者之间的吸附/解吸平衡;整个实验在配有循环水的装置中进行以保持温度恒定。
2.暗反应完成后,在室温下打开Xe灯照射溶液;在固定的时间间隔(10分钟)提取2 mL混合物,并通过0.22 μm膜滤器过滤除去光催化剂;用紫外-可见光谱法分别测定波长在350nm到550nm,主峰位于464nm处的甲基橙的吸收峰和波长在500nm到700nm,主峰位于664nm处的亚甲基蓝的吸收峰,根据降解率a=((C0-C)/C0)*100%(MB的初始吸光度值设为C0,降解后的吸光度值设为C)分别计算MO和MB的降解率,以它们吸光度的变化来评估样品的光催化性能;根据光催化结果,发现PTCDI/ZnO-10样品显示出最高的光催化活性;对一氧化氮气体进行的光催化氧化实验如下:在连续气流气相光催化反应器中评估催化剂对NO的光催化氧化性能;它由气体供应系统,气体校准系统,催化反应器和NOx分析系统组成;供气系统由浓度为11 ppm的NO/N2气瓶和空气气瓶组成;NO的起始浓度约为500 ppb,其受流量计控制。
3. 催化反应器为圆柱形反应器,容积为0.785 L(πR2H=π×52 cm2×10 cm)。
4.反应器顶部用石英玻璃盖密封,固定光源位于反应器上方10 cm, 垂直照射到反应器中,反应容器的照射面积为78.53 cm2,使用NO-NO2-NOx气体分析仪(Thermo Scientific,42i)实时监测氮氧化物。
5.通过下式计算NO的去除效率:η(%)=(1-C/C0)×100%,其中,C是反应器出口NO的浓度,而C0是反应器进口NO的浓度;根据光催化结果,发现PTCDI/ZnO-10样品同样显示出最高的光催化活性。
6.如权利要求1所示,其特征在于,水热合成氧化锌时烘箱温度为180℃,反应18小时可制备得到氧化锌粉体。
7.如权利要求1所示,其特征在于,合成目标产物时,整个反应过程必须在恒温25℃下并且避光条件下进行。
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