CN114054033A - 气相醛加氢催化剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
气相醛加氢催化剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114054033A CN114054033A CN202010769657.XA CN202010769657A CN114054033A CN 114054033 A CN114054033 A CN 114054033A CN 202010769657 A CN202010769657 A CN 202010769657A CN 114054033 A CN114054033 A CN 114054033A
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 107
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical class [H]C(*)=O 0.000 title claims abstract 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc nitrate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium nitrate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M (3-methylphenyl)methyl-triphenylphosphanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC1=CC=CC(C[P+](C=2C=CC=CC=2)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000012716 precipitator Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012452 mother liquor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 22
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 21
- ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyraldehyde Chemical compound CCCC=O ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- TVZPLCNGKSPOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper zinc Chemical compound [Cu].[Zn] TVZPLCNGKSPOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 12
- 229910017518 Cu Zn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 229910017752 Cu-Zn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 229910017943 Cu—Zn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical group [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000009903 catalytic hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Octanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCO KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910017813 Cu—Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001879 copper Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002431 foraging effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004537 pulping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910017773 Cu-Zn-Al Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018576 CuAl2O4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GXDVEXJTVGRLNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cr].[Cu] Chemical compound [Cr].[Cu] GXDVEXJTVGRLNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003636 chemical group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- HWYHDWGGACRVEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methyl-n-(4-pyrrolidin-1-ylbut-2-ynyl)acetamide Chemical compound CC(=O)N(C)CC#CCN1CCCC1 HWYHDWGGACRVEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 then Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 239000013638 trimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- HGBOYTHUEUWSSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric aldehyde Natural products CCCCC=O HGBOYTHUEUWSSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/80—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with zinc, cadmium or mercury
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/002—Mixed oxides other than spinels, e.g. perovskite
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- B01J35/633—Pore volume less than 0.5 ml/g
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- B01J35/64—Pore diameter
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- B01J37/03—Precipitation; Co-precipitation
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- C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C29/132—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group
- C07C29/136—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH
- C07C29/14—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of a —CHO group
- C07C29/141—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of a —CHO group with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
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- C07C29/17—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by hydrogenation of carbon-to-carbon double or triple bonds
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Abstract
本发明属于催化剂技术领域,具体公开了一种气相醛加氢催化剂及其制备方法。该制备方法采用酸碱两步沉淀方法,以此提高催化剂比表孔径,改善反应物料的内部扩散性能,同时采用无机改性来改善活性组分的分散性能。该制备方法将成型后催化剂样品进行了焙烧,所得的气相醛加氢催化剂组成包括以下重量百分含量的物质:氧化铜为30%~40%,氧化锌为55%~70%,氧化铝为0.1%~6%,石墨为1%~3%,氧化镁为0.1%~5%,氧化硅为0.05%~2%。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于催化剂技术领域,具体涉及一种气相醛加氢催化剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
气相法醛加氢使用的催化剂主要有铜铬(Cu-Cr)催化剂和铜锌(Cu-Zn)催化剂两种,催化剂中主要的活性组分是铜。随着环保要求的日益提高,自90年代中期起,以Cu-Zn为活性组分的催化剂开始逐步替代Cu-Cr催化剂,相对Cu-Cr催化剂而言,Cu-Zn催化剂具有污染小、寿命长、机械强度高的特点。Cu-Zn催化剂中铜作为活性组分,ZnO起载体和助剂作用。国外开发Cu-Zn催化剂的公司主要有美国UCC公司、英国ICI公司、美国Engelhard公司、德国Hules公司、德国Hoechst公司。Cu-Zn催化剂一般采用共沉淀法制备,得到的金属氧化物粉体经压片成型后制成圆柱状催化剂。铝为助剂应用的较多,催化剂中Al2O3含量一般在1%~10%。国内使用的气相醛加氢催化剂主要有科莱恩开发的OXO-1/OXO-2气相醛加氢催化剂、中国石油石油化工研究院开发的VAH-1/VAH-2气相醛加氢催化剂、中国石化南化研究院开发的NCH6-1型丁醛气相加氢催化剂和NCH6-2型辛烯醛气相加氢催化剂。这几种催化剂均为Cu-Zn催化剂,采用共沉淀法制备,催化剂成型采用压片成型方法,OXO催化剂堆密度为1.30~1.40g/ml,VAH催化剂堆密度为1.45~1.60g/ml、NCH6催化剂的堆密度为1.45~1.60g/ml。
美国联碳公司公布了一种醛加氢催化剂CN1050994A,主要通过浸渍经改进铜和氧化锌的混合物组成,并采用选择性改进剂钠、钾、锂等,该催化剂具有良好的选择性,但该专利并未公布该催化剂的物性指标,且该专利已过保护期。
中国专利CN1381311A和CN1381312A公开了南化集团研究院采用铜、锌、铝的硝酸盐混合溶液与沉淀剂一同进行共沉淀反应,然后加入少量助剂制备气相醛加氢催化剂的方法,得到的催化剂具有较高的低温活性、选择性和稳定性,但是,由于催化剂制备过程中,Cu2+与Al2O4 2-预先结合,易形成稳定的CuAl2O4尖晶石结构,减少了可还原的金属铜量,从而降低了催化剂的活性。
中国专利CN102350360A公开了中石化南化研究院提出了高抗液性醛加氢催化剂,该制备方法为提高催化剂的抗浸泡能力,采用二次焙烧工艺。此工艺虽然提高了催化剂抗浸泡能力,但是二次焙烧造成催化剂比表与孔容等的降低。
中国专利CN1695802A公开了天津化工研究设计院通过添加特殊金属助剂改性制备一种铜锌系气相醛加氢催化剂和制备方法,由于采用锌和助剂共沉淀与铜锌共沉淀分步进行的间歇进料方式并添加特殊金属元素助剂改性,所以制备的催化剂具有醇选择性好的特点,但是由于铜锌铝催化剂母体制备过程不能实现连续操作,而简单机械混合,所以制备过程复杂,重复性不好,达到的催化剂晶粒大小不均匀、活性金属铜分散度不高。
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催化剂制备主要有共沉淀、老化、干燥、焙烧、压片等几个过程,金属组成、成型粉料处理效果、压片成型工艺条件都会影响催化剂堆密度。需要解决的关键技术问题主要有:
提高反应物料在催化剂内部的扩散性能,优化催化剂金属组成,提高活性金属组分的分散。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种气相醛加氢催化剂的制备方法,以此提高催化剂比表孔径,改善反应物料的内部扩散性能,同时采用无机改性来改善活性组分的分散性能。
为达上述目的,本发明的气相醛加氢催化剂的制备方法,采用酸碱共沉淀法进行制备,包括如下步骤:
(1)将硝酸锌、硝酸铝、硝酸铜、硝酸镁、硅溶胶的混合溶液与沉淀剂A并流加入到反应釜中,在保温60~70℃且搅拌的反应釜中进行中和、老化25~35分钟,得到老化溶液;
(2)不移出母液,直接将步骤(1)得到的老化溶液与沉淀剂B并流加入到同一反应釜中再次进行中和、老化,形成共沉淀溶液;
(3)将步骤(2)的共沉淀溶液水洗、过滤,得到滤饼,将滤饼干燥、焙烧,最后加入石墨压片成型,得到气相醛加氢催化剂。
本发明的气相醛加氢催化剂的制备方法,其中,步骤(1)中硝酸锌、硝酸铝、硝酸铜、硝酸镁、硅溶胶的物质的量之比为10~25:10~30:1~3:0.1~1:1~3。
本发明的气相醛加氢催化剂的制备方法,其中,沉淀剂A为柠檬酸,其加入量为与所加入的硝酸锌、硝酸铝、硝酸铜、硝酸镁形成柠檬酸盐化学计量所需量的30%~100%。
本发明的气相醛加氢催化剂的制备方法,其中,沉淀剂B为可溶性碳酸盐,其加入量依据调节步骤(2)溶液的PH值为7~8。
本发明的气相醛加氢催化剂的制备方法,其中,步骤(3)中,干燥温度为100~120℃,干燥时间为2~4h。
本发明的气相醛加氢催化剂的制备方法,其中,步骤(3)中,焙烧温度为360~380℃,焙烧时间为3~4h。
本发明还提供一种根据上述制备方法制得的气相醛加氢催化剂,该气相醛加氢催化剂中各组分组成为:氧化铜为30%~40wt%,氧化锌为55%~70wt%,氧化铝为0.1%~6wt%,石墨为1%~3wt%,氧化镁为0.1%~5wt%,氧化硅为0.05%~2wt%。
本发明的气相醛加氢催化剂的BET比表面积为30m2/g~70m2/g,孔容为0.15ml/g~0.8ml/g,平均孔半径为5nm~20nm。
本发明还可以详述如下:
本方法采用酸碱两步沉淀方法进行催化剂制备,将成型后催化剂样品进行了焙烧,其质量主要组成为催化剂包括下述重量百分含量的物质:氧化铜为30%~40%,氧化锌为55%~65%,氧化铝为0.1%~6%,石墨为2%,氧化镁为0.1%~5%,氧化硅为0.05%~2%。
其制备方法如下:
(1)将硝酸锌、硝酸铝、硝酸铜、硝酸镁、硅溶胶混合溶液与沉淀剂A并流加入到反应釜中,在保温60~70℃且搅拌的反应釜中进行中和、老化25~35分钟;
(2)不移出母液,直接将步骤(1)混合溶液与沉淀剂B并流加入到同一反应釜中再次进行中和、老化,形成共沉淀;
(3)水洗、过滤得到的滤饼干燥、焙烧;最后加入石墨压片成型制备出气相醛催化加氢催化剂;
(4)本发明方法制备的催化剂,其质量主要组成为:氧化铜为30%~40%,氧化锌为55%~70%,氧化铝为0.1%~6%,石墨为1%~3%%,氧化镁为0.1%~5%,氧化硅为0.05%~2%;
(5)所制备催化剂的BET比表面积为30m2/g~70m2/g,孔容为0.15ml/g~0.8ml/g,平均孔半径为5nm~20nm。
本发明采用酸碱两步沉淀方法,首先通过金属组分与柠檬酸络合,然后采用碳酸盐对金属进行沉淀,通过两步沉淀法改善活性金属的分散,提高活性中心数量。
具体实施方式
以下对本发明的实施例作详细说明。以下实施例在以本发明技术方案为前提下进行实施,给出了详细的实施方式和过程,但本发明的保护范围不限于下述的实施例,下列实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法,通常按照常规条件。
实施例1
(1)将117g硝酸铜,220g硝酸锌,10g硝酸铝,4g硝酸镁,硅溶胶6g配成混合溶液1500ml,将该混合溶液与重量百分含量为15.5%的柠檬酸溶液,并流加入带有保温且搅拌的中和槽老化,控制中和温度60℃左右;
(2)将步骤(1)所得溶液与重量百分含量为25.5%的碳酸钠溶液并流加入到同一槽中,在搅拌下进行中和,并用碳酸钠调节溶液PH 7~8,老化1h;
(3)用40~50℃去离子水洗涤四次,将得到的滤饼在120℃干燥2h后,在380℃下焙烧4h,然后加入所得物质总质量的2%的石墨压片成型得到催化剂CA-1。
实施例2
(1)将125g硝酸铜,215g硝酸锌,10g硝酸铝,4g硝酸镁,硅溶胶6g配成混合溶液1500ml,将该混合溶液与重量百分含量为15%的柠檬酸溶液,并流加入带有保温且搅拌的中和槽老化,控制PH为1~2,控制中和温度60℃左右;
(2)将步骤(1)所得溶液与重量百分含量为25.5%的碳酸钠溶液并流加入到同一槽中,在搅拌下进行中和,并用碳酸钠调节溶液PH 7~8,老化1h;
(3)用40~50℃去离子水洗涤四次,将得到的滤饼在120℃干燥2h后,在380℃下焙烧4h,然后加入所得物质总质量的2%的石墨压片成型得到催化剂CA-2。
实施例3
(1)将120g硝酸铜,210g硝酸锌,10g硝酸铝,5g硝酸镁,硅溶胶6g配成混合溶液1500ml,将该混合溶液与重量百分含量为15%的柠檬酸溶液,并流加入带有保温且搅拌的中和槽老化,控制PH为1~2,控制中和温度60℃左右;
(2)将步骤(1)所得溶液与重量百分含量为25.5%的碳酸氢钠溶液并流加入到同一槽中,在搅拌下进行中和,并用碳酸钠调节溶液PH 7~8,老化1h;
(3)用40~50℃去离子水洗涤四次,将得到的滤饼在120℃干燥2h后,在380℃下焙烧4h,然后加入所得物质总质量的2%的石墨压片成型得到催化剂CA-3。
对比例1
本对比例以中国公开专利CN 1050994A的方法制备出参比催化剂1。
将含有417克铜(以硝酸铜形式加入)和858克锌(以硝酸锌形式加入)的溶液16升加热到约43℃,喷入处于机械搅拌并恒温在60℃的15.7wt%的碳酸钠溶液中。沉淀混合物最后的pH值为7.9~8.5。在沉淀以后将铜锌碱式碳酸盐进行过滤,然后用37.8~48.8℃的去离子水打浆洗涤,如此反复过滤、打浆洗涤四次,使得焙烧后的滤饼中的钠含量减少到0.1~0.15wt%。经干燥、焙烧,得氧化铜、氧化锌的混合物,将催化剂母体与适量石墨混合均匀,压片成型,最后还原处理即得参比催化剂CB-1。
对比例2
(1)将117g硝酸铜,220g硝酸锌,10g硝酸铝,4g硝酸镁,硅溶胶6g配成混合溶液1500ml,将该混合溶液与重量百分含量为15.5%的柠檬酸溶液,并流加入带有保温且搅拌的中和槽老化,柠檬酸溶液的量按计量比量的1.1倍加入,控制中和温度60℃左右;
(2)用40~50℃去离子水洗涤四次,将得到的滤饼在120℃干燥2h后,在380℃下焙烧4h,然后加入所得物质总质量的2%的石墨压片成型得到催化剂CA-1。
由上述实施例及对比例制得的各催化剂物性指标列于表1。
表1实施例及对比例催化剂物性指标
载体 | ZA-1 | ZA-2 | ZA-3 | ZB-1 | ZB-2 | ZB-3 |
孔容(ml/g) | 1.25 | 1.23 | 1.22 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 0.71 |
比表面积(m<sup>2</sup>/g) | 280 | 278 | 277 | 210 | 206 | 178 |
平均孔径(nm) | 16.1 | 15.7 | 15.8 | 10.4 | 10.8 | 9.8 |
<5nm比例(%) | 20 | 21 | 22 | 35 | 30 | 58 |
5nm~20nm比例(%) | 49 | 48 | 47 | 35 | 25 | 20 |
>60nm比例(%) | 31 | 31 | 31 | 30 | 34 | 25 |
由表1可以看出,经过扩孔改性的催化剂其孔径明显高于未经改性的催化剂,大的孔径有利于反应物在催化剂内部的扩散,当催化剂孔道较小时,反应物中的三聚物、重组分等具有大的分子量,难以实现有效加氢。
各实施例与对比例的辛烯醛催化加氢性能结果示于表2。
在200毫升固定床加氢评价装置上评价,还原条件为:氢气还原,还原温度205℃,还原时间6小时,还原结束用氮气降温。评价条件为:原料为工业辛烯醛,进料温度160℃,氢气与辛烯醛体积比为8000:1,反应空速0.35h-1,反应压力为0.45Mpa。
表2辛烯醛催化加氢性能
项目 | CA-1 | CA-2 | CA-3 | CB-1 | CB-2 |
辛烯醛转化率(wt%) | 99.99 | 99.98 | 99.98 | 99.67 | 99.67 |
辛醇选择性(%) | 99.85 | 99.83 | 99.84 | 98.60 | 99.62 |
实施例与对比例的正丁醛催化加氢性能结果示于表3。
实验工艺条件:原料为工业正丁醛,进料温度125℃,氢气与正丁醛体积比为8000:1,反应空速0.35h-l,反应压力为0.45Mpa。
表3正丁醛催化加氢性能
项目 | CA-1 | CA-2 | CA-3 | CB-1 | CB-2 |
正丁醛转化率(wt%) | 99.99 | 99.98 | 99.98 | 99.67 | 99.72 |
正丁醇选择性(%) | 99.81 | 99.80 | 99.79 | 99.62 | 99.69 |
从表1-3的结果可以看出,本发明方法制备的催化剂辛烯醛转化率、辛醇选择性高于对比例催化剂。正丁醛的催化剂加氢性能也存在相同规律,该改性催化剂具有活化后强度高的优点,在相同的工艺条件下,本发明制备的催化剂具有更好的辛烯醛、正丁醛转化率。
Claims (8)
1.一种气相醛加氢催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,采用酸碱共沉淀法进行制备,包括如下步骤:
(1)将硝酸锌、硝酸铝、硝酸铜、硝酸镁、硅溶胶的混合溶液与沉淀剂A并流加入到反应釜中,在保温60~70℃且搅拌的反应釜中进行中和、老化25~35分钟,得到老化溶液;
(2)不移出母液,直接将步骤(1)得到的老化溶液与沉淀剂B并流加入到同一反应釜中再次进行中和、老化,形成共沉淀溶液;
(3)将步骤(2)的共沉淀溶液水洗、过滤,得到滤饼,将滤饼干燥、焙烧,最后加入石墨压片成型,得到气相醛加氢催化剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的气相醛加氢催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中硝酸锌、硝酸铝、硝酸铜、硝酸镁、硅溶胶的物质的量之比为10~25:10~30:1~3:0.1~1:1~3。
3.根据权利要求1所述的气相醛加氢催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述沉淀剂A为柠檬酸,其加入量为与所加入的硝酸锌、硝酸铝、硝酸铜、硝酸镁形成柠檬酸盐化学计量所需量的30%~100%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的气相醛加氢催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述沉淀剂B为可溶性碳酸盐,其加入量依据调节步骤(2)溶液的PH值为7~8。
5.根据权利要求1所述的气相醛加氢催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(3)中,干燥温度为100~120℃,干燥时间为2~4h。
6.根据权利要求1所述的气相醛加氢催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(3)中,焙烧温度为360~400℃,焙烧时间为3~4h。
7.一种根据权利要求1-6任一所述的制备方法制得的气相醛加氢催化剂,其特征在于,所述气相醛加氢催化剂中各组分组成为:氧化铜为30%~40wt%,氧化锌为55%~70wt%,氧化铝为0.1%~6wt%,石墨为1%~3wt%,氧化镁为0.1%~5wt%,氧化硅为0.05%~2wt%。
8.根据权利要求7所述的气相醛加氢催化剂,其特征在于,所述气相醛加氢催化剂的BET比表面积为30m2/g~70m2/g,孔容为0.15ml/g~0.8ml/g,平均孔半径为5nm~20nm。
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CN110935490A (zh) * | 2018-09-25 | 2020-03-31 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种铜锌催化剂及其制备方法 |
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CN116440905A (zh) * | 2023-03-01 | 2023-07-18 | 中海油天津化工研究设计院有限公司 | 一种醛加氢Cu基催化剂及其制备方法与应用 |
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