CN114027086A

CN114027086A - Ginkgo cutting propagation seedling raising method

Info

Publication number: CN114027086A
Application number: CN202111563207.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 曹文玉; 颜培学
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2021-12-20
Filing date: 2021-12-20
Publication date: 2022-02-11

Abstract

The invention provides a ginkgo cutting propagation seedling raising method, and relates to the technical field of cutting. A ginkgo cutting propagation seedling raising method comprises the following steps: cutting shoot preparation, seedbed preparation, cuttage and post-treatment. The ginkgo biloba seedling raising and breeding method is used for raising seedlings and breeding ginkgo biloba, and is high in survival rate and good in breeding effect.

Description

Ginkgo cutting propagation seedling raising method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of cuttage, and particularly relates to a ginkgo cutting propagation seedling raising method.

Background

Gingko is a rare tree species of middle-age writings and is a special Chinese product. The ginkgo is a fast-growing and precious tree species, has faint yellow edge material and light yellow brown core material, is thin in structure, light and soft in weight, rich in elasticity, easy to process, glossy, 0.45-0.48 in specific gravity, not easy to crack and not reverse, is an excellent wood, and is used for buildings, furniture, indoor decoration, engraving, drawing boards and the like. The seeds are used for food (being easy to be poisoned by eating too much) and medicine. The leaves can be used as medicinal and pesticide preparation, and also as fertilizer. The fleshy testa of the seed contains ginkgolic acid, ginkgol and ginkgol. The bark contains tannin. The ginkgo tree form is beautiful, the leaf color is light green in spring and summer, the ginkgo tree becomes yellow in autumn, and the ginkgo tree form is quite beautiful and can be used as garden trees and street trees.

Most of the ginkgo seedling breeding methods are seeding and seedling raising, but the ginkgo seed resources are few, the price is high, and economic loss is easily caused.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a ginkgo cutting propagation seedling method, which is used for performing seedling propagation on ginkgo in a cutting mode, and has high survival rate and good propagation effect.

The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme.

The embodiment of the invention provides a ginkgo cutting propagation seedling raising method, which comprises the following steps:

preparing cutting slips: selecting healthy ginkgo as a mother tree, taking semi-lignified ginkgo twigs and shearing, and reserving terminal buds during treatment;

preparing a seedbed: preparing a cutting pool, paving broken stones on the bottom of the cutting pool, paving a matrix above the broken stones, leveling the cutting pool and sterilizing before cutting; arranging a plastic greenhouse, covering a sunshade net, and arranging an automatic intermittent spraying system in the greenhouse; the raw materials of the substrate comprise vermiculite, loess and river sand;

cuttage: the prepared cutting shoots are put into a rooting promoter for treatment, then are vertically inserted into a cutting pool, compacted and watered thoroughly;

and (3) post-treatment: spraying by an automatic intermittent spraying system after cutting, and sterilizing once every ten days; fertilizers were applied every ten days after rooting.

Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the invention has at least the following advantages or beneficial effects:

aiming at the first aspect, the embodiment of the invention provides a ginkgo cutting propagation seedling raising method, which comprises the following steps: cutting shoot preparation, seedbed preparation, cuttage and post-treatment.

According to the ginkgo cutting propagation seedling method, firstly, cutting slips for cutting are prepared: selecting healthy, well-developed and pest-free ginkgo as a parent tree, and taking semi-lignified ginkgo twigs at the periphery of a crown of the parent tree as cutting slips for later use; during treatment, terminal buds are reserved, meanwhile, the cut at the lower end needs to be subjected to oblique shearing treatment, and meanwhile, the upper cut and the lower cut are ensured to be smooth, so that the growth and development of branches are better promoted, the cutting shoots can rapidly root after cutting, and the survival rate is improved; compared with hard branches, the shoots can root faster after cuttage and are easier to grow seedlings and propagate.

Then preparing a seedbed for cuttage: preparing a cuttage pool, paving broken stones at the bottom of the cuttage pool, and then paving a substrate above the broken stone layer; the water drainage capability can be improved by paving the broken stones, the root rot caused by water accumulation is prevented, and the normal growth and development of the cutting slips are ensured; the raw materials of the laid substrate are vermiculite, loess and river sand, wherein the vermiculite has porosity in structure, and has excellent water absorption, ventilation, water retention and fertilizer retention performances; the river sand particles are smooth and clean, and have good air permeability and water permeability; loess helps to prevent fungal contamination, but has poor air permeability and water permeability, and the disadvantage of poor air permeability and water permeability of loess can be overcome by compounding vermiculite, river sand and loess, so that the substrate can effectively play the effects of water permeability and air permeability, fertilizer preservation and antibiosis, the cutting shoot rooting development is facilitated, and the survival rate is improved. By arranging the plastic greenhouse, covering the sunshade net and arranging the automatic intermittent spraying system in the greenhouse, the environment conditions such as humidity, temperature and the like in the cuttage region can be effectively controlled, the most suitable growth environment is provided for the rooting and development of the cutting slips, the management is convenient, and the cuttage survival rate is further promoted.

Then, the prepared cutting shoots are put into a rooting promoter for treatment, and then are vertically inserted into a cutting pool, compacted and watered thoroughly; the rooting promoter is used for further improving the rooting rate and the rooting quality of the cuttage, so that the survival rate of the cuttage is further improved, and the normal rooting and development of the cutting shoots are ensured. After the cutting is finished, spraying is carried out through an automatic intermittent spraying system, the environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity and the like in the greenhouse are kept, and a proper growing environment is provided for the cutting shoots; sterilizing every ten days after cutting to prevent root rot caused by pollution of cutting slips and other conditions which are not favorable for the growth and development of the cutting slips; applying fertilizer once every ten days after rooting to provide nutrients required by the growth of the cutting slips, ensuring the normal growth and development of the cutting slips and improving the cutting survival rate.

The ginkgo cutting propagation seedling raising method can effectively improve the ginkgo twig cutting survival rate, enable the cutting slips to normally root and develop and achieve good seedling raising effect.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.

It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples.

In the above example, it first prepares the cutting slips for cutting: selecting healthy, well-developed and pest-free ginkgo as a parent tree, and taking semi-lignified ginkgo twigs at the periphery of a crown of the parent tree as cutting slips for later use; during treatment, terminal buds are reserved, meanwhile, the cut at the lower end needs to be subjected to oblique shearing treatment, and meanwhile, the upper cut and the lower cut are ensured to be smooth, so that the growth and development of branches are better promoted, the cutting shoots can rapidly root after cutting, and the survival rate is improved; compared with hard branches, the shoots can root faster after cuttage and are easier to grow seedlings and propagate.

Further, in some embodiments of the present invention, the parent tree is 20-40 years old; cutting the twig to 8-15cm long, cutting 0.5-1cm above the terminal bud, and keeping 1-4 leaves.

In the embodiment, the mother trees with the age of 20-40 years are selected, and the shearing treatment mode of the tender branches is further limited, so that the rooting development of the cuttings is facilitated; the cutting slips are provided with leaves, so that rooting can be promoted during cutting, the cutting survival rate can be further improved, and seedling raising is facilitated. In addition, the semi-lignified tender branches for cuttage are selected in mid-June, and the semi-lignified state of the tender branches of the gingkoes is optimal, and the semi-lignified tender branches are more beneficial to rooting due to the tissue or model.

Further, in some embodiments of the present invention, in the raw materials of the substrate, the weight ratio of the vermiculite, the loess and the river sand is 1:2: 2.

In the embodiment, the dosage proportion of the vermiculite, the loess and the river sand in the matrix is further controlled, so that the vermiculite, the loess and the river sand can be better matched with each other, the water and air permeable, fertilizer and bacteria resistant effects of the matrix are improved, the cuttings can better root and develop, and the cuttage survival rate is further promoted.

Further, in some embodiments of the invention, 3-4% potassium permanganate solution is used for disinfection 1-3 days before cuttage.

In the embodiment, 3-4 per mill potassium permanganate solution is used for disinfection 1-3 days before cuttage, so that harmful substances such as bacteria and the like remained in a cuttage pool filled with gravels and matrix can be eliminated, and the situation that the residual harmful substances pollute the cutting slips in the cuttage process and adversely affect the rooting development of the cutting slips is prevented.

Further, in some embodiments of the present invention, the sunshade net has a light-shielding degree of 30-50%.

In the embodiment, by covering the sunshade net with the shading degree of 30-50%, environmental factors such as sunlight, temperature and the like in the greenhouse can be controlled and modulated better, so that the environment in the greenhouse is always in an environment suitable for the growth and development of the cuttings, and the propagation and seedling raising are facilitated.

Further, in some embodiments of the present invention, the rooting promoter is IBA phytohormone with a concentration of 300-500 mg/L.

In the embodiment, the IBA plant hormone with the concentration of 300-500mg/L is used as the rooting promoter, so that the activity of an enzyme system in the cutting shoot tissue can be effectively improved, the cell activity is enhanced, the formation of callus is promoted, the formation of adventitious roots is further promoted, the resistance of the cutting shoot to external pollution is also favorably enhanced, and the cutting survival rate is further improved.

Further, in some embodiments of the invention, the prepared cuttings are soaked in IBA for 1-5 min.

In the embodiment, the prepared cutting is soaked in IBA for 1-5min, so that the IBA phytohormone can better exert the effect, the cutting can better root and develop, and the propagation and seedling raising are facilitated.

Further, in some embodiments of the invention, the cutting insertion depth is 1/3-1/2 of the length of the cutting shoot, and the plant row spacing is 5cm x 8 cm.

In the embodiment, by controlling the cutting insertion depth and the plant-row spacing during cutting, a sufficient growth space can be provided for the cutting, so that the adventitious roots of the cutting can smoothly grow and develop, nutrient competition between the cutting and the cutting is avoided, and the cutting survival rate is further improved.

Further, in some embodiments of the invention, the cuttings are sprayed by an automatic intermittent spraying system, maintaining the humidity within the shed at 85-90% and the temperature at 22-30 ℃.

In the embodiment, by keeping the humidity in the greenhouse at 85-90% and the temperature at 22-30 ℃, a proper environmental condition can be provided for the growth and development of the cutting slips, the cutting slips are prevented from withering, leaves are kept moist, water evaporation is reduced, and the cutting slips are more favorable for the growth and development.

Further, in some embodiments of the present invention, a carbendazim diluent is applied every ten days after cuttage for sterilization treatment, wherein the dilution factor of the carbendazim diluent is 500-800 times; after rooting 0.2% urea fertilizer was applied every ten days.

In the embodiment, the carbendazim diluent with the dilution multiple of 500-800 times is used for sterilization treatment, so that the cuttings can be prevented from being polluted by external harmful strains, and the healthy development of the cuttings is ensured; by applying 0.2% of urea fertilizer, nutrients are provided for the growth and development of the root system of the cutting, the normal growth of the cutting is ensured, and the propagation and seedling raising are facilitated.

The features and properties of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to examples.

Example 1

The embodiment provides a ginkgo cutting propagation seedling method, which comprises the following steps:

preparing cutting slips: selecting healthy ginkgo with the age of 20 years as a parent tree, taking semi-lignified ginkgo twigs, cutting the twigs to be 10cm long, keeping terminal buds, and keeping 2 leaves, wherein an upper cut is positioned 0.5cm above the terminal buds during cutting;

preparing a seedbed: preparing a cuttage pool, paving broken stones at the bottom of the cuttage pool, paving a matrix above the broken stones, leveling the cuttage pool before cuttage, and disinfecting the cuttage pool by using 3 per mill of potassium permanganate solution 3 days before cuttage; arranging a plastic greenhouse, covering a sunshade net with the shading degree of 30%, and arranging an automatic intermittent spraying system in the greenhouse; the raw materials of the substrate comprise vermiculite, loess and river sand in a weight ratio of 1:2: 2;

cuttage: soaking the prepared cutting slips in IBA phytohormone with the concentration of 500mg/L for 3min, vertically inserting the cutting slips into a cutting pool, wherein the depth is 1/2 of the length of the cutting slips, the row spacing is 5cm multiplied by 8cm, compacting and watering thoroughly;

and (3) post-treatment: spraying by an automatic intermittent spraying system after cuttage, keeping the humidity in the greenhouse at 85% and the temperature at 24 ℃, and applying a carbendazim diluent with the dilution multiple of 500 times every ten days for sterilization; after rooting 0.2% urea fertilizer was applied every ten days.

Example 2

preparing cutting slips: selecting healthy ginkgo with the age of 40 years as a parent tree, taking semi-lignified ginkgo twigs, cutting the twigs to be 15cm long, keeping terminal buds, and keeping 3 leaves, wherein an upper cut is positioned 1cm above the terminal buds during cutting;

preparing a seedbed: preparing a cuttage pool, paving broken stones at the bottom of the cuttage pool, paving a matrix above the broken stones, leveling the cuttage pool before cuttage, and disinfecting the cuttage pool by using a 4 per mill potassium permanganate solution 3 days before cuttage; arranging a plastic greenhouse, covering a sunshade net with 50% of shading degree, and arranging an automatic intermittent spraying system in the greenhouse; the raw materials of the substrate comprise vermiculite, loess and river sand in a weight ratio of 1:2: 2;

cuttage: soaking the prepared cutting slips in IBA phytohormone with the concentration of 300mg/L for 5min, vertically inserting the cutting slips into a cutting pool, wherein the depth is 1/3 of the length of the cutting slips, and the row spacing is 5cm multiplied by 8cm, compacting and watering thoroughly;

and (3) post-treatment: spraying by an automatic intermittent spraying system after cuttage, keeping the humidity in the greenhouse at 90% and the temperature at 30 ℃, and applying carbendazim diluent with the dilution multiple of 800 times every ten days for sterilization treatment; after rooting 0.2% urea fertilizer was applied every ten days.

Example 3

preparing cutting slips: selecting healthy ginkgo with the age of 30 years as a parent tree, taking semi-lignified ginkgo twigs, cutting the twigs to be 12cm long, keeping terminal buds, and keeping 4 leaves, wherein an upper cut is positioned 1cm above the terminal buds during cutting;

cuttage: soaking the prepared cutting slips in IBA phytohormone with the concentration of 400mg/L for 3min, vertically inserting the cutting slips into a cutting pool, wherein the depth is 1/2 of the length of the cutting slips, the row spacing is 5cm multiplied by 8cm, compacting and watering thoroughly;

and (3) post-treatment: spraying by an automatic intermittent spraying system after cuttage, keeping the humidity in the shed at 88% and the temperature at 25 ℃, and applying a carbendazim diluent with the dilution multiple of 600 times every ten days for sterilization; after rooting 0.2% urea fertilizer was applied every ten days.

Example 4

preparing cutting slips: selecting healthy ginkgo with the age of 30 years as a parent tree, taking semi-lignified ginkgo twigs, cutting the twigs to be 15cm long, keeping terminal buds, and keeping 1 leaf, wherein an upper cut is positioned 1cm above the terminal buds during cutting;

preparing a seedbed: preparing a cuttage pool, paving broken stones at the bottom of the cuttage pool, paving a matrix above the broken stones, leveling the cuttage pool before cuttage, and disinfecting the cuttage pool 1 day before cuttage by using 4 per mill potassium permanganate solution; arranging a plastic greenhouse, covering a sunshade net with the shading degree of 30%, and arranging an automatic intermittent spraying system in the greenhouse; the raw materials of the substrate comprise vermiculite, loess and river sand in a weight ratio of 1:2: 2;

cuttage: soaking the prepared cutting slips in IBA phytohormone with the concentration of 500mg/L for 5min, vertically inserting the cutting slips into a cutting pool, wherein the depth is 1/3 of the length of the cutting slips, and the row spacing is 5cm multiplied by 8cm, compacting and watering thoroughly;

and (3) post-treatment: spraying by an automatic intermittent spraying system after cuttage, keeping the humidity in the greenhouse at 85% and the temperature at 22 ℃, and applying carbendazim diluent with the dilution multiple of 800 times every ten days for sterilization treatment; after rooting 0.2% urea fertilizer was applied every ten days.

Example 5

preparing cutting slips: selecting healthy ginkgo with the age of 30 years as a parent tree, taking semi-lignified ginkgo twigs, cutting the twigs to be 15cm long, keeping terminal buds, and keeping 3 leaves, wherein an upper cut is positioned 1cm above the terminal buds during cutting;

cuttage: soaking the prepared cutting slips in IBA phytohormone with the concentration of 500mg/L for 1min, vertically inserting the cutting slips into a cutting pool, wherein the depth is 1/3 of the length of the cutting slips, the row spacing is 5cm multiplied by 8cm, compacting and watering thoroughly;

and (3) post-treatment: spraying by an automatic intermittent spraying system after cuttage, keeping the humidity in the greenhouse at 88% and the temperature at 28 ℃, and applying carbendazim diluent with the dilution multiple of 800 times every ten days for sterilization treatment; after rooting 0.2% urea fertilizer was applied every ten days.

Comparative example 1

In contrast to example 5, no leaves were retained in the cutting preparation step.

Comparative example 2

Compared with example 5, in the cutting step, IBA is changed into NAA with the concentration of 500 mg/L.

Test examples

Five groups of cutting seedbeds are arranged according to the ginkgo cutting propagation seedling raising method provided in the embodiment 1-5 respectively, cutting seedling raising tests are carried out, 50 plants are cut in each group, the operation is repeated for 3 times, and the growth condition of the cutting seedlings is observed and recorded. The results are shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1

Group of	Number of cuttings (plant)	Number of surviving (plant)	Survival rate (%)	Average root length (cm)	Average root number (strip)
						Example 1	50	40	80	5.2	5.3
Example 2	50	39	78	5.8	5.1
						Example 3	50	42	84	6.1	5.6
Example 4	50	44	88	6.8	6.1
						Example 5	50	46	92	6.3	6.4

And additionally, two groups of cutting seedbeds are arranged according to the ginkgo cutting propagation seedling raising method provided in the comparative example 1 and the ginkgo cutting propagation seedling raising method provided in the comparative example 2 respectively, cutting seedling raising tests are carried out, 50 plants are cut in each group, the cutting seedling raising tests are repeated for three times, the growth condition of the cutting seedlings is observed and recorded, and the cutting seedling raising tests are compared with the test data obtained in the example 5. The results are shown in Table 2.

TABLE 2

Group of	Number of cuttings (plant)	Number of surviving (plant)	Survival rate (%)	Average root length (cm)	Average root number (strip)
						Example 5	50	46	92	6.3	6.4
Comparative example 1	50	34	68	5.1	4.6
						Comparative example 2	50	43	86	6.2	5.8

According to results, the ginkgo cutting propagation seedling raising method provided by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages of high cutting survival rate and good root growth condition; in contrast, the growth of the cutting retaining the leaves is better, and the effect of using IBA as the rooting promoter is better than that of using NAA.

In summary, the ginkgo cutting propagation seedling method provided by the embodiment of the present invention firstly prepares cutting slips for cutting: selecting healthy, well-developed and pest-free ginkgo as a parent tree, and taking semi-lignified ginkgo twigs at the periphery of a crown of the parent tree as cutting slips for later use; during treatment, terminal buds are reserved, meanwhile, the cut at the lower end needs to be subjected to oblique shearing treatment, and meanwhile, the upper cut and the lower cut are ensured to be smooth, so that the growth and development of branches are better promoted, the cutting shoots can rapidly root after cutting, and the survival rate is improved; compared with hard branches, the shoots can root faster after cuttage and are easier to grow seedlings and propagate.

The embodiments described above are some, but not all embodiments of the invention. The detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A ginkgo cutting propagation seedling raising method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

2. The ginkgo cutting propagation seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein the age of the mother tree is 20-40 years; cutting the twig to 8-15cm long, cutting 0.5-1cm above the terminal bud, and keeping 1-4 leaves.

3. The ginkgo cutting propagation seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of vermiculite, loess and river sand in the raw materials of the matrix is 1:2: 2.

4. The ginkgo cutting propagation seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein 3-4% potassium permanganate solution is used for disinfection 1-3 days before cutting.

5. The ginkgo cutting propagation seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein the shading degree of the shading net is 30-50%.

6. The method for raising seedlings of ginkgo biloba cutting propagation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rooting promoter is IBA phytohormone with a concentration of 300-500 mg/L.

7. The ginkgo cutting propagation seedling raising method according to claim 6, wherein the prepared cutting shoot is soaked in IBA for 1-5 min.

8. The ginkgo cutting propagation and seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein the cutting insertion depth is 1/3-1/2 of the length of the cutting slips, and the plant row spacing is 5cm x 8 cm.

9. The ginkgo cutting propagation seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein spraying is performed through an automatic intermittent spraying system after cutting, and the humidity in the greenhouse is kept at 85-90% and the temperature is kept at 22-30 ℃.

10. The ginkgo cutting propagation seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein the carbendazim diluent is applied every ten days after cutting for sterilization treatment, and the dilution multiple of the carbendazim diluent is 500-800 times; after rooting 0.2% urea fertilizer was applied every ten days.