CN114010709A - 一种治疗近视外用中药膏及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种治疗近视外用中药膏及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种治疗近视外用中药膏及其制备方法,属于中药技术领域。所述中药膏包括石菖蒲、远志、当归、楮实子、山茱萸、菟丝子、枸杞子、丹参、川芎、党参、黄芪、白术、青皮、洋地黄、秦皮、白芍、茜草等多种中草药原料。本发明一种治疗近视外用中药膏及其制备方法,精选原料配方,工艺简单,得到的治疗近视外用中药膏可直接涂敷,使用方便,具有促进眼周血液循环、缓解眼肌痉挛、消除眼部疲劳的功效,而且对近视治疗效果显著,具有良好的经济社会效益。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于中药技术领域,具体涉及一种治疗近视外用中药膏及其制备方法。
背景技术
近视是指眼在休息状态下,平行光线在视网膜前方聚焦,是眼部最常见的疾病之一。随着科学技术的发展、学习工作压力的增大、过度用眼以及长期使用电子产品等不当的用眼行为,近视患病率逐年攀升,且有低龄化、高度数的发展趋势,已成为影响国人眼部健康的主要问题之一。
近视眼发展趋势渐进累加且不可逆,有研究报道27-33%的近视可发展为病理性近视,高度近视与病理性近视的关系密切,当近视发展为高度近视眼时,视网膜功能随近视度数增加而降低,随着病情的发展,视网膜等结构会出现病理改变,如视网膜色素上皮层、感光细胞层及整个视网膜萎缩变性、内外核层及神经节细胞空泡样改变,此外眼轴长度过度伸长会导致视网膜脉络膜萎缩、脉络膜新生血管、黄斑劈裂等各种并发症。
宋代《银海精微》记载:“能近视不能远视者,血虚气不足也”,肝主藏血、开窍于目,肝受血而能视,久视劳神,过度用眼,耗伤目之精血,损伤目力而成近视。肝肾同源,精血互生。阴阳互济,同盛同衰,如肾精亏损,可导致肝血不足;反之,肝血不足,也可引起肾精亏损。所以只有肝肾精血充盛,目有所养,视觉系统才能发挥正常功效。由此可知近视的发生发展多与肝肾平衡失调有关,引起近视发展及近视视网膜组织结构及细胞凋亡等改变。中医防止近视,保护视功能要从肝肾同补出发。
申请号为201910059541.4的中国发明专利公开了一种治疗近视和弱视的中药眼药膏及其制备方法,由如下重量份数的原料制成:女贞子90-120份、桑葚子80-100份、菟丝子70-110份、麦门冬60-100份、密蒙花100-200份、凌霄花60-100份、红花50-80份、茯神50-80份、青葙子100-150份、决明子80-120份和凡士林600-1000份。此发明的技术方案中采用凡士林作为促吸收剂,涂抹在皮肤上可以保持皮肤湿润、促进药物吸收,但是凡士林并没有抑菌抗炎能力,作为中药药膏组分时具有一定的局限性。
发明内容
针对上述现有技术中存在的不足,本发明提供了一种治疗近视外用中药膏及其制备方法。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用的技术方案是:
一种治疗近视外用中药膏的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
取石菖蒲、远志、当归、楮实子、山茱萸、菟丝子、枸杞子、丹参、川芎、党参、黄芪、白术、青皮、洋地黄、秦皮、白芍、茜草,先加入水浸泡,然后加热、过滤,得滤液和滤渣,再将滤渣加水继续加热,过滤,将两次滤液合并,浓缩成浸膏,灌装,得到治疗近视外用中药膏。
所述治疗近视外用中药膏的制备方法中,还包括促吸收剂。
进一步地,治疗近视外用中药膏的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
按重量份称取石菖蒲10-20份、远志10-15份、当归8-12份、楮实子10-16份、山茱萸12-18份、菟丝子10-15份、枸杞子13-18份、丹参8-13份、川芎7-12份、党参10-16份、黄芪11-15份、白术10-14份、青皮6-10份、洋地黄9-14份、秦皮7-10份、白芍10-15份、茜草8-13份,先按料液比为1g:(4-7)mL加入水浸泡0.5-1.5h,然后95-110℃加热1-3h后过滤,得滤液和滤渣,再将滤渣加水继续保持95-110℃加热0.5-1.5h,水用量与第一次加热用量相同,过滤,将两次滤液合并,将滤液浓缩成含水量为25-35wt%的浸膏,然后加入促吸收剂,所述促吸收剂与浸膏的质量比为(0.8-1.5):10,混合均匀后灌装,得到治疗近视外用中药膏。
所述促吸收剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、取40-50重量份蛋黄卵磷脂、10-15重量份胆固醇及3-8重量份植物提取物加入140-160重量份无水乙醇中,在超声波频率为30-40kHz、超声功率300-500W下超声分散8-15min,得到溶液a;取75-85重量份pH=6-7的Na2HPO4-KH2PO4缓冲液,得到溶液b;
S2、将溶液a加入溶液b中,然后在45-55℃下以800-1200rpm的转速搅拌25-35min,得到悬浮液c,再将悬浮液c放入圆底烧瓶中,在45-55℃下进行减压旋转蒸发25-40min,得到所述促吸收剂。
进一步地,所述促吸收剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、取40-50重量份蛋黄卵磷脂、10-15重量份胆固醇及3-8重量份植物提取物加入140-160重量份无水乙醇中,在超声波频率为30-40kHz、超声功率300-500W下超声分散8-15min,得到溶液a;取4-8重量份膜软化剂溶于75-85重量份pH=6-7的Na2HPO4-KH2PO4缓冲液中,得到溶液b;
S2、将溶液a加入溶液b中,然后在45-55℃下以800-1200rpm的转速搅拌25-35min,得到悬浮液c,再将悬浮液c放入圆底烧瓶中,在45-55℃下进行减压旋转蒸发25-40min,得到所述促吸收剂。
更进一步地,所述促吸收剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、取40-50重量份蛋黄卵磷脂、10-15重量份胆固醇及3-8重量份植物提取物加入140-160重量份无水乙醇中,在超声波频率为30-40kHz、超声功率300-500W下超声分散8-15min,得到溶液a;取4-8重量份膜软化剂溶于75-85重量份pH=6-7的Na2HPO4-KH2PO4缓冲液中,得到溶液b;
S2、将溶液a加入溶液b中,然后在超声波频率为30-40kHz、超声功率300-500W下超声分散5-10min,得到乳浊液d,再将乳浊液d置于超声波细胞粉碎仪中破碎25-35min,结束后以4000-8000rpm转速离心8-15min,去除上层油相和下层杂质,然后进行过滤,得到所述促吸收剂。
所述超声波细胞粉碎仪的工作参数为:功率300-400W,工作8-15s,间隙2-8s。
所述膜软化剂为聚山梨酯-80、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、脱氧胆酸钠中的任意一种。
优选的,所述膜软化剂为脱氧胆酸钠。
膜软化剂通过降低脂质双分子层的稳定性而增加促吸收剂的柔顺性,可以使类脂质膜具有高度的形变能力,从而增加促吸收剂在经皮过程中的渗透能力。
所述植物提取物为香草提取物、鼠尾草提取物、车前草提取物、黄藤提取物中的一种或多种。
优选的,所述植物提取物为黄藤提取物和鼠尾草提取物的混合物,其中黄藤提取物和鼠尾草提取物的质量比为(1-3):(2-5)。
所述黄藤提取物的制备方法如下:将黄藤粉碎后过80-120目筛,然后加入水中,所述黄藤粉末与水的质量比为(20-40):(60-80),在85-95℃下以500-1000rpm的转速搅拌加热90-150min,过滤得到滤液X1和滤渣Y1;将滤渣Y1加入到70-80wt%乙醇水溶液中,所述滤渣Y1与70-80wt%乙醇水溶液的质量比(15-25):(45-55),在85-95℃下回流90-150min,过滤得到滤液X2,合并滤液X1和滤液X2,冷冻干燥得到黄藤提取物。
黄藤,棕榈科黄藤属植物,通过其干燥的根茎中可以提取得到一种含有生物碱类单体-黄藤素的黄藤提取物。黄藤提取物具有光谱抗菌作用,对多种革兰阳性菌和革兰阴性菌均有显著的抑制作用。
所述鼠尾草提取物的制备方法如下:将鼠尾草粉碎后过100-150目筛,然后用45-55wt%乙醇水溶液按料液比1g:(10-15)mL,在40-80℃、超声波频率为20-30kHz、超声功率100-300W下提取60-120min,结束后离心,收集上清液,冷冻干燥得到鼠尾草提取物。
鼠尾草,唇形科鼠尾草属植物,通过其干燥的茎叶可以提取得到一种拥有强烈持久香草气味且接近无色的鼠尾草提取物。鼠尾草提取物具有利尿利肝、通经活血、抗氧化、消炎等功效,能够止痛,缓解由用眼过度引起的眼部肌肉疲劳。
黄藤和鼠尾草均属于中药,本发明将黄藤提取物与鼠尾草提取物共同使用,达到了协同增效的目的,在保证中药膏消炎抑菌的同时,还能缓解眼部疲劳,提高中药膏对近视的治疗效果。
为了实现更好的透皮给药,重要的是克服皮肤屏障,尤其是角质层而含有纳米颗粒的制剂可以有效的穿过皮肤角质层,改善药物的经皮吸收,且对药物各成分作用无任何影响。本发明制备的促吸收剂可生物降解且细胞毒性低,而且能够提高药物中活性成分的物理和化学稳定性。本发明的促吸收剂一方面可以在皮肤表面产生一层粘性薄膜,附着在角质层上,具有一定的闭塞特性,可以减少经皮水分流失并改善角质层的水合作用;另一方面可以扩大角质细胞间的间隙和减少角质细胞堆积,促进药物渗透,同时还可以延长药物的保质期。
本发明所用的中药:
石菖蒲,气芳香,味苦、微辛,开窍豁痰,醒神益智,化湿开胃。远志,气微,味苦、微辛,安神益智,交通心肾,祛痰,消肿。当归,味甘,温,入心、肝、脾经,补血和血,调经止痛,润燥滑肠。楮实子,味甘,性寒,滋肾益阴、清肝明目、利水消肿。山茱萸,气微,味酸涩、味苦,补益肝肾,收涩固脱。菟丝子,气微、味淡,补益肝肾,固精缩尿,安胎,明目,止泻;外用消风祛斑。枸杞子,气微,味甜,滋补肝肾,益精明目。丹参,气微,味微苦涩,活血祛瘀,通经止痛,凉血清痢。川芎,气浓香,味苦、辛,稍有麻舌感,微回甜,活血行气,祛风止痛。党参,味甘,补中益气,和胃生津,祛痰止咳。黄芪,气微,味微甜,补气升阳,固表止汗,利水消肿,生津养血,行滞通痹。白术,气清香,味甘、微辛,健脾益气,燥湿利水。青皮,气清香,味酸、苦、辛,疏肝破气,消积化滞。秦皮,味苦、涩,性寒,清热燥湿、收涩止痢,止带,明目。白芍,气微,味微苦、酸,养血调经,敛阴止汗,柔肝止痛,平抑肝阳。茜草,气微,味微苦,凉血祛瘀,止血通经。
本发明的中药方解:本发明的中药原料配方中,石菖蒲、远志,交通心肾,醒神益智,养心明目;楮实子、山茱萸、当归、菟丝子、枸杞子,滋肾阴、补肾阳,均归肝、肾经,阴阳双补,益精明目,具有补益肝肾清肝明目之功;丹参、川芎、茜草,活血通络,祛疲生新,和血明目;党参、黄芪、白术,益气生津健脾,固精明目;青皮,舒筋活络,调肝明目,通利玄府;洋地黄、白芍,滋养心肝,补血明目;洋地黄可以改善睫状肌的调节力,秦皮为血管活性成分,降低血管阻力,增加睫状肌血流,改善营养物质的输送和代谢产物的运出。诸药合用,共奏肝肾同补、益精明目之效。
一种治疗近视外用中药膏,采用上述方法制备而成。
本发明具有以下有益技术效果:
1.本发明的药材原料进行科学组方,制备得到的外用中药膏能够改善眼部及其周围组织的血液循环,缓解睫状肌痉挛,消除眼疲劳,达到治疗近视的目的。
2.本发明制备的促吸收剂粒径小,能够克服皮肤屏障,在皮肤表面产生一层粘性薄膜,附着并穿过皮肤角质层,减少经皮水分流失同时促进药物渗透,改善药物的经皮吸收,提高中药膏对近视的治疗效果。
3.本发明公开一种治疗近视外用中药膏及其制备方法,精选原料配方,工艺简单,得到的治疗近视外用中药膏可直接涂敷,使用方便,具有促进眼周血液循环、缓解眼肌痉挛、消除眼部疲劳的功效,而且对近视治疗效果显著,具有良好的经济社会效益。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明的上述发明内容作进一步的详细描述,但不应将此理解为本发明上述主题的范围仅限于下述实施例。
在本发明中,若非特指,所有设备和原料均可从市场购得或是本行业常用的,下述实施例中的方法,如无特别说明,均为本领域常规方法。
实施例中的蛋黄卵磷脂购于艾伟拓(上海)医药科技有限公司,CAS号:93685-90-6,级别:药用注射级,纯度:含磷脂酰胆碱90%。
实施例1
一种治疗近视外用中药膏的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
按重量份称取石菖蒲15份、远志12份、当归9份、楮实子13份、山茱萸15份、菟丝子12份、枸杞子15份、丹参10份、川芎10份、党参12份、黄芪13份、白术12份、青皮8份、洋地黄11份、秦皮9份、白芍13份、茜草11份,先按料液比为1g:6mL加入水浸泡1h,然后100℃加热2h后过滤,得滤液和滤渣,再将滤渣加水继续保持100℃加热1h,水用量与第一次加热用量相同,过滤,将两次滤液合并,将滤液浓缩成含水量为30wt%的浸膏,然后灌装,得到治疗近视外用中药膏。
实施例2
一种治疗近视外用中药膏的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
按重量份称取石菖蒲15份、远志12份、当归9份、楮实子13份、山茱萸15份、菟丝子12份、枸杞子15份、丹参10份、川芎10份、党参12份、黄芪13份、白术12份、青皮8份、洋地黄11份、秦皮9份、白芍13份、茜草11份,先按料液比为1g:6mL加入水浸泡1h,然后100℃加热2h后过滤,得滤液和滤渣,再将滤渣加水继续保持100℃加热1h,水用量与第一次加热用量相同,过滤,将两次滤液合并,将滤液浓缩成含水量为30wt%的浸膏,然后加入促吸收剂,所述促吸收剂与浸膏的质量比为1:10,混合均匀后灌装,得到治疗近视外用中药膏。
所述促吸收剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、取45重量份蛋黄卵磷脂、12重量份胆固醇及5重量份黄藤提取物加入150重量份无水乙醇中,在超声波频率为35kHz、超声功率400W下超声分散10min,得到溶液a;取80重量份pH=6.5的Na2HPO4-KH2PO4缓冲液,得到溶液b;
S2、将溶液a加入溶液b中,然后在50℃下以1000rpm的转速搅拌30min,得到悬浮液c,再将悬浮液c放入圆底烧瓶中,在50℃下进行减压旋转蒸发30min,得到所述促吸收剂。
所述黄藤提取物的制备方法如下:将黄藤粉碎后过100目筛,然后加入水中,所述黄藤粉末与水的质量比为30:70,在90℃下以800rpm的转速搅拌加热120min,过滤得到滤液X1和滤渣Y1;将滤渣Y1加入到75wt%乙醇水溶液中,所述滤渣Y1与75wt%乙醇水溶液的质量比20:50,在90℃下回流120min,过滤得到滤液X2,合并滤液X1和滤液X2,冷冻干燥得到黄藤提取物。
实施例3
一种治疗近视外用中药膏的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
按重量份称取石菖蒲15份、远志12份、当归9份、楮实子13份、山茱萸15份、菟丝子12份、枸杞子15份、丹参10份、川芎10份、党参12份、黄芪13份、白术12份、青皮8份、洋地黄11份、秦皮9份、白芍13份、茜草11份,先按料液比为1g:6mL加入水浸泡1h,然后100℃加热2h后过滤,得滤液和滤渣,再将滤渣加水继续保持100℃加热1h,水用量与第一次加热用量相同,过滤,将两次滤液合并,将滤液浓缩成含水量为30wt%的浸膏,然后加入促吸收剂,所述促吸收剂与浸膏的质量比为1:10,混合均匀后灌装,得到治疗近视外用中药膏。
所述促吸收剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、取45重量份蛋黄卵磷脂、12重量份胆固醇及5重量份黄藤提取物加入150重量份无水乙醇中,在超声波频率为35kHz、超声功率400W下超声分散10min,得到溶液a;取6重量份脱氧胆酸钠溶于80重量份pH=6.5的Na2HPO4-KH2PO4缓冲液中,得到溶液b;
S2、将溶液a加入溶液b中,然后在50℃下以1000rpm的转速搅拌30min,得到悬浮液c,再将悬浮液c放入圆底烧瓶中,在50℃下进行减压旋转蒸发30min,得到所述促吸收剂。
所述黄藤提取物的制备方法如下:将黄藤粉碎后过100目筛,然后加入水中,所述黄藤粉末与水的质量比为30:70,在90℃下以800rpm的转速搅拌加热120min,过滤得到滤液X1和滤渣Y1;将滤渣Y1加入到75wt%乙醇水溶液中,所述滤渣Y1与75wt%乙醇水溶液的质量比20:50,在90℃下回流120min,过滤得到滤液X2,合并滤液X1和滤液X2,冷冻干燥得到黄藤提取物。
实施例4
一种治疗近视外用中药膏的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
按重量份称取石菖蒲15份、远志12份、当归9份、楮实子13份、山茱萸15份、菟丝子12份、枸杞子15份、丹参10份、川芎10份、党参12份、黄芪13份、白术12份、青皮8份、洋地黄11份、秦皮9份、白芍13份、茜草11份,先按料液比为1g:6mL加入水浸泡1h,然后100℃加热2h后过滤,得滤液和滤渣,再将滤渣加水继续保持100℃加热1h,水用量与第一次加热用量相同,过滤,将两次滤液合并,将滤液浓缩成含水量为30wt%的浸膏,然后加入促吸收剂,所述促吸收剂与浸膏的质量比为1:10,混合均匀后灌装,得到治疗近视外用中药膏。
所述促吸收剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、取45重量份蛋黄卵磷脂、12重量份胆固醇及5重量份黄藤提取物加入150重量份无水乙醇中,在超声波频率为35kHz、超声功率400W下超声分散10min,得到溶液a;取6重量份脱氧胆酸钠溶于80重量份pH=6.5的Na2HPO4-KH2PO4缓冲液中,得到溶液b;
S2、将溶液a加入溶液b中,然后在超声波频率为35kHz、超声功率400W下超声分散8min,得到乳浊液d,再将乳浊液d置于超声波细胞粉碎仪中破碎30min,其中超声波细胞粉碎仪的工作参数为:功率360W,工作10s,间隙5s,结束后以6000rpm转速离心10min,去除上层油相和下层杂质,然后用0.22μm微孔滤膜进行过滤,得到所述促吸收剂。
所述黄藤提取物的制备方法如下:将黄藤粉碎后过100目筛,然后加入水中,所述黄藤粉末与水的质量比为30:70,在90℃下以800rpm的转速搅拌加热120min,过滤得到滤液X1和滤渣Y1;将滤渣Y1加入到75wt%乙醇水溶液中,所述滤渣Y1与75wt%乙醇水溶液的质量比20:50,在90℃下回流120min,过滤得到滤液X2,合并滤液X1和滤液X2,冷冻干燥得到黄藤提取物。
实施例5
一种治疗近视外用中药膏的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
按重量份称取石菖蒲15份、远志12份、当归9份、楮实子13份、山茱萸15份、菟丝子12份、枸杞子15份、丹参10份、川芎10份、党参12份、黄芪13份、白术12份、青皮8份、洋地黄11份、秦皮9份、白芍13份、茜草11份,先按料液比为1g:6mL加入水浸泡1h,然后100℃加热2h后过滤,得滤液和滤渣,再将滤渣加水继续保持100℃加热1h,水用量与第一次加热用量相同,过滤,将两次滤液合并,将滤液浓缩成含水量为30wt%的浸膏,然后加入促吸收剂,所述促吸收剂与浸膏的质量比为1:10,混合均匀后灌装,得到治疗近视外用中药膏。
所述促吸收剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、取45重量份蛋黄卵磷脂、12重量份胆固醇及5重量份鼠尾草提取物加入150重量份无水乙醇中,在超声波频率为35kHz、超声功率400W下超声分散10min,得到溶液a;取6重量份脱氧胆酸钠溶于80重量份pH=6.5的Na2HPO4-KH2PO4缓冲液中,得到溶液b;
S2、将溶液a加入溶液b中,然后在超声波频率为35kHz、超声功率400W下超声分散8min,得到乳浊液d,再将乳浊液d置于超声波细胞粉碎仪中破碎30min,其中超声波细胞粉碎仪的工作参数为:功率360W,工作10s,间隙5s,结束后以6000rpm转速离心10min,去除上层油相和下层杂质,然后用0.22μm微孔滤膜进行过滤,得到所述促吸收剂。
所述鼠尾草提取物的制备方法如下:将鼠尾草粉碎后过120目筛,然后用50wt%乙醇水溶液按料液比1g:12mL,在60℃、超声波频率为25kHz、超声功率150W下提取90min,结束后离心,收集上清液,冷冻干燥得到鼠尾草提取物。
实施例6
一种治疗近视外用中药膏的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
按重量份称取石菖蒲15份、远志12份、当归9份、楮实子13份、山茱萸15份、菟丝子12份、枸杞子15份、丹参10份、川芎10份、党参12份、黄芪13份、白术12份、青皮8份、洋地黄11份、秦皮9份、白芍13份、茜草11份,先按料液比为1g:6mL加入水浸泡1h,然后100℃加热2h后过滤,得滤液和滤渣,再将滤渣加水继续保持100℃加热1h,水用量与第一次加热用量相同,过滤,将两次滤液合并,将滤液浓缩成含水量为30wt%的浸膏,然后加入促吸收剂,所述促吸收剂与浸膏的质量比为1:10,混合均匀后灌装,得到治疗近视外用中药膏。
所述促吸收剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、取45重量份蛋黄卵磷脂、12重量份胆固醇及5重量份植物提取物加入150重量份无水乙醇中,在超声波频率为35kHz、超声功率400W下超声分散10min,得到溶液a;取6重量份脱氧胆酸钠溶于80重量份pH=6.5的Na2HPO4-KH2PO4缓冲液中,得到溶液b;
S2、将溶液a加入溶液b中,然后在超声波频率为35kHz、超声功率400W下超声分散8min,得到乳浊液d,再将乳浊液d置于超声波细胞粉碎仪中破碎30min,其中超声波细胞粉碎仪的工作参数为:功率360W,工作10s,间隙5s,结束后以6000rpm转速离心10min,去除上层油相和下层杂质,然后用0.22μm微孔滤膜进行过滤,得到所述促吸收剂。
所述植物提取物为黄藤提取物和鼠尾草提取物的混合物,其中黄藤提取物和鼠尾草提取物的质量比为2:3。
所述黄藤提取物的制备方法如下:将黄藤粉碎后过100目筛,然后加入水中,所述黄藤粉末与水的质量比为30:70,在90℃下以800rpm的转速搅拌加热120min,过滤得到滤液X1和滤渣Y1;将滤渣Y1加入到75wt%乙醇水溶液中,所述滤渣Y1与75wt%乙醇水溶液的质量比20:50,在90℃下回流120min,过滤得到滤液X2,合并滤液X1和滤液X2,冷冻干燥得到黄藤提取物。
所述鼠尾草提取物的制备方法如下:将鼠尾草粉碎后过120目筛,然后用50wt%乙醇水溶液按料液比1g:12mL,在60℃、超声波频率为25kHz、超声功率150W下提取90min,结束后离心,收集上清液,冷冻干燥得到鼠尾草提取物。
测试例1
临床实验
1、临床病例:研究对象选择标准:无头部及眼部外伤史,无眼部器质性疾病及手术史,身体健康无精神疾病,年龄18-35岁;选取符合上述标准的临床近视患者300例,男女各150例,均为双眼患者,然后将患者随机分为6组,每组50例,男女各一半。
2、治疗方法:分别取5克实施例1-6制备的治疗近视外用中药膏,分成16等份,用穴位贴贴于睛明穴2个、太阳穴2个、瞳子髎穴2个、脾俞穴2个、印堂穴1个,涌泉穴2个、大椎穴1个、心俞穴2个、肾俞穴2个,每次敷贴时间为8小时,隔天贴一次,30天为一个疗程,三个疗程后进行视力检查。
3、疗效判定标准:采用标准对数视力表检查视力,验光测视力由专人负责,以消除不同测量者导致的误差。对接受治疗的近视患者行治疗前、治疗后裸眼视力测量及登记。若同一患者双眼视力差距较大,则以较差一眼为准。评价标准分为显效、有效、无效三种。其中,视力提高0.2以上为显效,视力提高0.1-0.2为有效,视力未提高为无效。总有效率=1-无效例数/50×100%,具体治疗结果见表1。
表1近视治疗效果测试结果
由以上结果可知,本发明制备的治疗近视外用中药膏对近视治疗具有良好的效果。实施例2的治疗效果明显优于实施例1,这可能是由于促吸收剂的使用,使角质细胞间的间隙扩大,同时减少了角质细胞的堆积,进而促进了药物的渗透吸收,近视治疗的效果也得到了明显提高。
测试例2
参考硕士论文-李骄《玄丹巴布剂透皮吸收的研究第二章丹酚酸B透皮吸收的研究》中的体外透皮吸收实验方法(以昆明小鼠作为研究对象),对本发明实施例1-6制备的治疗近视外用中药膏进行体外透皮吸收测试。具体测试结果见表2。
表2丹酚酸B经皮渗透效果测试表
从表2的结果可以看出,本发明制备的促吸收剂能够有效提高药物的经皮吸收效果,这与表1的近视治疗效果表现一致。实施例3的经皮渗透效果好于实施例2,这可能是由于实施例3中的促吸收剂在制备中使用了膜软化剂,通过降低脂质双分子层的稳定性而增加促吸收剂的柔顺性,可以使类脂质膜具有高度的形变能力,从而增加促吸收剂在经皮过程中的渗透能力。与实施例3相比,实施例4在促吸收剂制备中采用超声破碎并辅以微孔滤膜过滤,使得制备的促吸收剂尺寸较小且更为均一,导致药膏涂敷于皮肤表面时,形成的粘性薄膜与皮肤更为服帖,闭塞性更好,减少由经皮水分流失而导致的药物渗透性差的问题,从而提高经皮渗透效果。
Claims (9)
1.一种治疗近视外用中药膏的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
取石菖蒲、远志、当归、楮实子、山茱萸、菟丝子、枸杞子、丹参、川芎、党参、黄芪、白术、青皮、洋地黄、秦皮、白芍、茜草,先加入水浸泡,然后加热、过滤,得滤液和滤渣,再将滤渣加水继续加热,过滤,将两次滤液合并,浓缩成浸膏,灌装,得到治疗近视外用中药膏。
2.如权利要求1所述的治疗近视外用中药膏的制备方法,其特征在于,还包括促吸收剂。
3.如权利要求2所述的治疗近视外用中药膏的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
按重量份称取石菖蒲10-20份、远志10-15份、当归8-12份、楮实子10-16份、山茱萸12-18份、菟丝子10-15份、枸杞子13-18份、丹参8-13份、川芎7-12份、党参10-16份、黄芪11-15份、白术10-14份、青皮6-10份、洋地黄9-14份、秦皮7-10份、白芍10-15份、茜草8-13份,先按料液比为1g:(4-7)mL加入水浸泡0.5-1.5h,然后95-110℃加热1-3h后过滤,得滤液和滤渣,再将滤渣加水继续保持95-110℃加热0.5-1.5h,水用量与第一次加热用量相同,过滤,将两次滤液合并,将滤液浓缩成含水量为25-35wt%的浸膏,然后加入促吸收剂,所述促吸收剂与浸膏的质量比为(0.8-1.5):10,混合均匀后灌装,得到治疗近视外用中药膏。
4.如权利要求3所述的治疗近视外用中药膏的制备方法,其特征在于,所述促吸收剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、取40-50重量份蛋黄卵磷脂、10-15重量份胆固醇及3-8重量份植物提取物加入140-160重量份无水乙醇中,在超声波频率为30-40kHz、超声功率300-500W下超声分散8-15min,得到溶液a;取4-8重量份膜软化剂溶于75-85重量份pH=6-7的Na2HPO4-KH2PO4缓冲液中,得到溶液b;
S2、将溶液a加入溶液b中,然后在45-55℃下以800-1200rpm的转速搅拌25-35min,得到悬浮液c,再将悬浮液c放入圆底烧瓶中,在45-55℃下进行减压旋转蒸发25-40min,得到所述促吸收剂。
5.如权利要求3所述的治疗近视外用中药膏的制备方法,其特征在于,所述促吸收剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、取40-50重量份蛋黄卵磷脂、10-15重量份胆固醇及3-8重量份植物提取物加入140-160重量份无水乙醇中,在超声波频率为30-40kHz、超声功率300-500W下超声分散8-15min,得到溶液a;取4-8重量份膜软化剂溶于75-85重量份pH=6-7的Na2HPO4-KH2PO4缓冲液中,得到溶液b;
S2、将溶液a加入溶液b中,然后在超声波频率为30-40kHz、超声功率300-500W下超声分散5-10min,得到乳浊液d,再将乳浊液d置于超声波细胞粉碎仪中破碎25-35min,结束后以4000-8000rpm转速离心8-15min,去除上层油相和下层杂质,然后进行过滤,得到所述促吸收剂。
6.如权利要求5所述的治疗近视外用中药膏的制备方法,其特征在于,所述超声波细胞粉碎仪的工作参数为:功率300-400W,工作8-15s,间隙2-8s。
7.如权利要求4或5所述的治疗近视外用中药膏的制备方法,其特征在于,所述膜软化剂为聚山梨酯-80、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、脱氧胆酸钠中的任意一种。
8.如权利要求4或5所述的治疗近视外用中药膏的制备方法,其特征在于,所述植物提取物为香草提取物、鼠尾草提取物、车前草提取物、黄藤提取物中的一种或多种。
9.一种治疗近视外用中药膏,采用如权利要求1-8任一项所述方法制备而成。
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