CN113974160A - 一种预防和改善肌肉衰减的组合物及其用途 - Google Patents
一种预防和改善肌肉衰减的组合物及其用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于医药领域，具体涉及一种预防和改善肌肉衰减的组合物及其用途。在中医“脾主肌肉”理论基础上，所述组合物包含以下重量份的物质：人参2‑6份、茯苓2‑6份和甘草1‑3份。实验结果表明，本发明所述组合物成分简单、安全性高，可促进肌肉合成、减少肌肉分解，增加瘦体重，能够改善肌肉衰减，可用于肌肉衰减综合征的预防和治疗。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医药领域，具体涉及一种预防和改善肌肉衰减的组合物及其用途。
背景技术
肌肉衰减综合征是一种与年龄增长相关的、进行性、广泛性的全身骨骼肌质量与功能丧失，伴随体能下降、生存质量降低及跌倒与死亡等不良事件风险增加的临床综合征。受累肌肉以四肢骨骼肌为主，表现为渐进性肌肉质量下降与功能丧失。研究显示，肌肉质量下降可能最早始于成年早期，并持续一生。而肌肉功能下降可能开始于35岁左右，并以每年1％-2％的速度下降，50岁后下降速度开始加速，60岁后进展加速，75岁后下降速度达到顶峰。相比而言，肌肉功能(力量与输出功率)下降速度比质量下降速度更显著。
营养不良是肌肉衰减综合征的主要病因之一，补充蛋白质与氨基酸能增加肌肉蛋白合成，改善患者症状。现代营养学研究表明，早期补充蛋白质及氨基酸可预防因年龄增长引起的肌肉量减少及肌肉功能下降；运动后补充蛋白质，可促进肌肉蛋白的合成，有利于提高骨骼肌对运动的适应性和骨骼肌功能的恢复，并且不同来源蛋白质的协同作用，能够满足不同代谢情况下对蛋白质的需求，相比单一来源蛋白质，更有益于肌肉蛋白的合成。
针对这一防治原则，现有技术中已经公开了一些以蛋白质及其衍生物为主要成分，通过改善营养不利来达到预防和改善肌肉衰减的目的。中国专利CN103079415A公开用于治疗和/或预防骨骼肌减少症、肌肉蛋白合成不足、肌肉退化、肌肉蛋白分解、肌肉萎缩、肌营养不良、肌肉分解代谢、肌肉消融、肌肉强度损失、体力损失和身体活动能力损失的药物或营养组合物，所述组合物包含选择瓜氨酸、肌酸和L-亮氨酸的一种或多种的合成代谢氨基酸衍生物刺激物和维生素D，营养组合物进一步包含蛋白质类物质源，优选乳清，营养组合物进一步包含脂肪源、可消化碳水化合物源、膳食纤维源和微量营养素源中的至少一种，最终产品蛋白质类物质质量占比49％以上，其中乳清蛋白占蛋白质类总量的90％。中国专利CN103783562A公开一种抗老年性肌肉衰减的复合蛋白质粉及其制备方法，所述复合蛋白粉包含乳清蛋白，鱼胶原蛋白肽、蛋清肽、大豆肽、玉米肽中的一种或几种，缬氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、赖氨酸、谷氨酸中的一种或几种，维生素A、维生素C、维生素D、维生素E中的一种或几种，胡萝卜素，中链甘油三酯(MCT)，肌酸及卵磷脂，经溶解、混合、喷雾干燥等工艺过程制备而得，蛋白质质量占比60％以上。
除了上述以补充营养为主的营养素组合以外，还有补充营养素搭配中药组分的用于预防和改善肌肉衰减的发明。例如，中国专利CN103416760A公开一种治疗和预防肌肉衰减综合症的五谷杂粮全营养配方食品，所述食品是由黑豆、黑米、黑芝麻、乳清蛋白、中药粉、L-亮氨酸、L-异亮氨酸、L-缬氨酸、β-羟基-β-甲基丁酸钙、甜菊糖苷和食用香精混合加工制成。其中中药粉的中药组方由人参、牛膝、黄芪、白术、大枣、茯苓、当归、芍药、熟地黄、川芎、甘草、干姜组成，共同发挥补中益气的功效。但是，该专利公开产品组方中牛膝、白术、芍药、熟地黄、川芎不是既是食品又是药品的物品名单中的物品，不能在普通食品中添加使用，不适合长期食用。
现有技术通过补充肌肉合成过程中必需的营养物质，改善营养不良的状态，以促进肌肉的合成，从而改善肌肉功能。但是，造成人体营养不良的原因，一方面在于饮食摄入不足，另一方面还在于随着年龄增长，人体脏腑功能减弱，特别是脾脏功能下降，无法运化水谷精微，导致摄入的营养无法被人体吸收和利用，因此从中医角度来说预防和改善肌肉衰减关键要改善脾脏的功能。
中医理论认为脾脏与肌肉关系密切，全身的肌肉都需要脾胃所运化的水谷精微来营养，肌肉才能发达丰满、健壮。《素问集注·五脏生成》说“脾主运化水谷之精，以生养肌肉，故主肉”。《四圣心源》所言“肌肉者，脾土之所生也，脾气盛则肌肉丰满而充实”。大量研究证实，脾脏功能失调与现代医学中的多种肌肉疾病密切相关，其机理涉及线粒体功能、糖代谢、神经递质传递等多个方面，补脾类中药可明显改善肌肉功能。
虽然现有技术也有添加中药的成分，但是通常存在以下问题：组方成分非药食同源成分，不适合长期食用；组方过大，不满足现行法规的要求，无法实现产品上市销售；添加中药组分的目的多在于提高机体免疫力。虽然中国专利CN111264821公开了健脾养胃的中药组方以缓解肌肉衰减，但生产工艺复杂，果冻的形式并不适合吞咽能力下降的老年人。另外，以奶和蛋黄作为优质蛋白质的来源，提供蛋白质含量有限，比较难实现餐间额外补充30g/天优质蛋白的需求。
显然，现有技术中缺乏以中医“脾主肌肉”理论为基础的用于预防和改善肌肉衰减的组合物产品。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种基于中医“脾主肌肉”理论的组合物，所述组合物由三种根据中国法规可以在普通食品中添加使用的物品组成，可以长期食用。所述组合物具有健脾养胃，补中益气的功效，能够预防和改善肌肉衰减，可用于肌肉衰减综合征的预防和治疗。
具体地，通过以下几个方面的技术方案实现了本发明：
在第一个方面中，本发明提供了一种预防和改善肌肉衰减的组合物，所述组合物包含人参、茯苓和甘草。
作为可选的方式，在上述组合物中，以重量份数计，所述组合物包含人参2-6份、茯苓2-6份和甘草1-3份。
作为可选的方式，在上述组合物中，以重量份数计，所述组合物包含人参4份、茯苓4份和甘草2份。
作为可选的方式，在上述组合物中，所述组合物由人参、茯苓和甘草组成。
作为可选的方式，在上述组合物中，所述组合物维持或增加瘦体重、维持肌肉力量、提供肌肉营养、促进肌肉蛋白合成、缓解肌肉蛋白分解和肌肉损失。
在第二个方面中，本发明提供了上述第一个方面所述的组合物的制备方法，包括以下步骤：按比例称取人参、茯苓和甘草，加入8倍药材量的水，煎煮2次，每次2小时，合并两次煎煮滤液，进行减压浓缩至密度为1.20-1.30g/mL,即得浓缩液，将浓缩液进行减压干燥、粉碎，即得所述组合物的干膏粉。
在第三个方面中，本发明提供了一种预防和改善肌肉衰减的产品，所述产品包含以重量计15-50％的上述第一个方面所述的组合物或上述第二个方面所述制备方法制备得到的组合物的干膏粉，以及药学上、生理学上或食品保健品领域可接受的辅料，其中所述产品是中药组合物、保健品或功能性食品。
作为可选的方式，在上述产品中，所述产品的剂型选自液体饮料、固体饮料、压片糖果、含片、普通片剂、口服液、胶囊剂、颗粒剂、咀嚼片、泡腾片或代餐奶昔。
在第四个方面中，本发明提供了上述第一个方面所述的组合物，上述第二个方面所述制备方法制备得到的组合物的干膏粉，或者上述第三个方面的产品在制备预防和改善肌肉衰减的产品中的用途，其中所述产品是中药组合物、保健品或功能性食品。
作为可选的方式，在上述用途中，所述产品维持或增加瘦体重、维持肌肉力量、提供肌肉营养、促进肌肉蛋白合成、缓解肌肉蛋白分解和肌肉损失。
本发明相对于现有技术，具有以下有益效果：
(1)本发明提供了一种具有预防和改善肌肉衰减的组合物，在中医“脾主肌肉”理论基础上，由人参、茯苓、甘草三种物质组方而成，具有健脾养胃、补中益气的功效，经动物实验证实本发明所提供的组合物能够促进肌肉合成、减少肌肉分解，增加瘦体重，能够改善肌肉衰减，可用于肌肉衰减综合征的预防和治疗。
(2)本发明所提供的组合物只有3个成分，除制备药品外，还可以在普通食品、运动营养食品、保健食品等产品类别中添加使用。本发明所述组合物口感良好，可以与其他原辅料搭配成口服液、饮品、固体饮料、代餐奶昔等产品形式，易于被消费者接受。
(3)本发明所提供的技术方案弥补了现有技术中中药组方过大或添加非食品原料物品所致不能实现技术方案的产业化转化及产品的上市销售或不适宜长期食用的缺陷。
具体实施方式
本发明的技术方案，提供一种能够预防和缓解肌肉衰减的组合物，所述组合物在中医“脾主肌肉”理论指导下，由人参、茯苓、甘草组方而成。
为了便于本领域技术人员的理解，下面对本发明中涉及的各种主要术语进行描述。
如本文所用，“人参”为五加科植物人参的干燥根及根茎。味甘、微苦，性微温，归脾、肺、心、肾经。具有大补元气，复脉固脱，补脾益肺，生津养血，安神益智的作用。用于体虚欲脱，肢冷脉微，脾虚食少，肺虚咳嗽，津伤口渴，内热消渴，气血亏虚，久病虚羸，惊悸失眠，阳痿宫冷。原卫生部公告2012年第17号批准5年及5年以下人工种植的人参(人工种植)为新资源食品，可以在普通食品中添加使用，食用量≤3克/天。
如本文所用，“茯苓”为多孔菌科真菌茯苓的干燥菌核。味甘、淡，归心、肺、脾、肾经。具有利水渗湿，健脾，宁心的作用。用于水肿尿少，痰饮眩晕，脾虚食少，便溏泄泻，心神不安，惊悸失眠。茯苓列入既是食品又是药品的物品名单，允许作为普通食品生产经营。
如本文所用，“甘草”为豆科植物甘草、胀果甘草或光果甘草的干燥根和根茎。味甘，性平，归心、肺、脾、胃经。具有补脾益气，清热解毒，祛痰止咳，缓急止痛，调和诸药的作用。用于脾胃虚弱，倦怠乏力，心悸气短，咳嗽痰多，脘腹、四肢挛急疼痛，臃肿疮毒，缓解药物毒性、烈性。甘草列入既是食品又是药品的物品名单，允许作为普通食品生产经营。
如本文所用，本发明所述产品的剂型选自液体饮料、固体饮料、压片糖果、含片、普通片剂、口服液、胶囊剂、颗粒剂、咀嚼片、泡腾片或代餐奶昔。
如本文所用，本发明的“药学上、生理学上或食品保健品领域可接受的辅料”是指制剂领域常规的载体或赋形剂，选自填充剂、粘合剂、崩解剂、润滑剂、助悬剂、润湿剂、色素、矫味剂、溶剂、表面活性剂中的一种或几种。
本发明所述填充剂包括但不限于淀粉、微晶纤维素、蔗糖、糊精、乳糖、糖粉、葡萄糖等；所述润滑剂包括但不限于硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸、氯化钠、油酸钠、月桂醇硫酸钠、泊洛沙姆等；所述粘合剂包括但不限于水、乙醇、淀粉浆、糖浆、羟丙基甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钠、海藻酸钠、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮等；所述崩解剂包括但不限于淀粉泡腾混合物即碳酸氢钠和枸橼酸、酒石酸、低取代羟丙基纤维素等；所述助悬剂包括但不限于多糖如金合欢胶、琼脂、藻酸、纤维素醚和羧甲基甲壳酯等；所述溶剂包括但不限于水、平衡的盐溶液等。
上述各种剂型可以根据制剂领域的常规工艺制备而成。
下面参照具体的实施例对本发明做进一步说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅用于解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明的范围。
实施例中未注明具体技术或条件者，按照本领域内的文献所描述的技术或条件，或者按照产品说明书进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者，均为可通过正规渠道购买得到的常规产品。
下面实施例中的实验方法，如无特殊说明，均为常规方法。下述实施例中所用的试验材料，如无特殊说明，均为市售产品。
除非另外说明，否则本发明中涉及的百分比和份数均为重量百分比和重量份数。
实施例1
本实施例提供一种预防和改善肌肉衰减组合物的组成及制备方法，按照重量份计包括以下组分：
人参4份、茯苓4份、甘草2份。
上述组合物干膏粉的制备方法如下所示：按上述比例称取50倍量的人参、茯苓和甘草置于提取罐中，加入8倍药材量的水，煎煮2次，每次2小时。合并两次煎煮滤液，进行减压浓缩至密度为1.20-1.30g/mL，即得浓缩液。将浓缩液进行减压干燥、粉碎，即得所述组合物干膏粉。
对照例1
本对照例按照实施例1的方法进行制备，区别在于制备原料为人参4份、茯苓4份。
对照例2
本对照例按照实施例1的方法进行制备，区别在于制备原料为茯苓4份、甘草2份。
对照例3
本对照例按照实施例1的方法进行制备，区别在于制备原料为人参4份、甘草2份。
对照例4
本对照例按照实施例1的方法进行制备，区别在于制备原料为甘草8份、茯苓1份、人参1份。
效果实施例
本效果实施例的目的为探究实施例1，对照例1、2、3、4中所述组合物对脾虚证大鼠的肌肉损伤的影响。
(1)造模方法
25℃室温下适应性饲养7d，实验前全部大鼠进行预游泳，剔除游泳时间少于10min、大于20min的大鼠。剩余合格大鼠应用“饮食失节+游泳劳倦法”复制脾虚证大鼠模型，每日2:00pm置于盛有温水(水温25℃，水深40cm)的塑料钢化桶中游泳10min，隔日喂食(一日禁食，一日足量给食)，连续28d。
(2)分组处理
健康雄性大鼠60只，适应性喂养7d后，按上述造模方法处理4周。造模结束后，将大鼠随机分成脾虚模型组、试验组1、试验组2、试验组3、试验组4、试验组5，每组10只。随后，试验组1-5分别给予实施例1所述的组合物干膏粉0.27g/kg.d、对照例1所述的组合物干膏粉0.216g/kg.d、对照例2所述的组合物干膏粉0.162g/kg.d、对照例3所述的组合物干膏粉0.162g/kg.d、对照例4所述的组合物干膏粉0.27g/kg.d，分别用2mL自饮水溶解灌胃。脾虚模型组分别给予等量自饮水。
(3)结果分析
干预4周后，通过比较分析各试验组脾虚证大鼠的肌肉损伤的情况来评价本发明所述各组合物对肌肉损伤的改善效果，结果如下：
对脾虚证大鼠肌肉质量的影响：在末次干预1h后，称量大鼠的体重；然后利用3.5％水合氯醛麻醉大鼠后，迅速分离完整的双下肢腓肠肌，置于电子天平上分别称重，骨骼肌湿重为左右两侧腓肠肌湿重的平均值。结果表明(见表1)，试验组1-5大鼠的体重和骨骼肌湿重均明显高于脾虚模型组；试验组1大鼠的体重和骨骼肌湿重明显高于试验组2-5。表明实施例1和对照例1-4所述的组合物均可增加脾虚证大鼠肌肉质量，且实施例1所述的组合物效果最佳。
表1本发明的组合物对脾虚证大鼠肌肉质量的影响
注：与脾虚模型组比较，*P<0.05，**P<0.01；与试验组1比较，#P<0.05。
对脾虚证大鼠肌肉力量的影响：在干预前和干预后分别测定大鼠的最大抓握力。结果表明(见表2)，干预后，试验组1-5大鼠的最大抓握力与脾虚模型组比较明显增加；试验组1大鼠的最大抓握力明显高于试验组2-5。表明实施例1和对照例1-4所述的组合物均可有效增加脾虚证大鼠肌肉力量，且实施例1所述的组合物效果最佳。
表2本发明的组合物对脾虚证大鼠肌肉力量的影响
| 组别 | 动物数(只) | 干预前最大抓握力(g) | 干预后最大抓握力(g) |
| 脾虚模型组 | 10 | 798±115 | 862±108 |
| 试验组1 | 10 | 802±123 | 1526±119** |
| 试验组2 | 10 | 796±120 | 1245±130*# |
| 试验组3 | 10 | 810±132 | 1288±127*# |
| 试验组4 | 10 | 807±127 | 1210±133*# |
| 试验组5 | 10 | 799±118 | 1198±115*# |
注：与脾虚模型组比较，*P<0.05，**P<0.01；与试验组1比较，#P<0.05。
对脾虚证大鼠骨骼肌蛋白合成代谢能力的影响：将新鲜的骨骼肌置于DMEM培养基(5mL)中，37℃下充氧孵育30min，然后在含放射性同位素14+C-苯丙氨酸的DMEM培养基中继续孵育1h，磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)洗5min×3次，随后制备50％TA匀浆液，加入10％三氨乙酸(TCA)沉淀蛋白质；吸弃上清，加入0.5mol/L NaOH溶液溶解沉淀的蛋白。取1.8mL该蛋白溶液加入闪烁液进行液闪计数，取0.2mL该蛋白溶液利用BCA试剂盒进行蛋白浓度检测，检测单位时间内(1h)掺入的14+C-苯丙氨酸的放射性含量，分析蛋白合成代谢能力。
结果表明(见表3)，数值上显示试验组1-5大鼠的骨骼肌蛋白合成代谢能力较脾虚模型组高，且试验组1、试验组2与脾虚模型组比较具有统计学差异。另外，试验组1大鼠的骨骼肌蛋白合成代谢能力明显优于试验组3-5。表明实施例1和对照例1-4所述的组合物均对脾虚证大鼠骨骼肌蛋白合成代谢能力具有一定的提升作用，且实施例1所述的组合物效果最佳。
表3本发明的组合物对脾虚证大鼠骨骼肌蛋白合成代谢能力的影响
| 组别 | 动物数(只) | 蛋白合成代谢能力(pmol/mg) |
| 脾虚模型组 | 10 | 46.43±3.52 |
| 试验组1 | 10 | 68.02±4.89* |
| 试验组2 | 10 | 58.87±6.53* |
| 试验组3 | 10 | 52.02±6.35# |
| 试验组4 | 10 | 51.23±7.25# |
| 试验组5 | 10 | 54.38±5.36# |
注：与脾虚模型组比较，*P<0.05，**P<0.01；与试验组1比较，#P<0.05。
对脾虚证大鼠骨骼肌蛋白分解代谢能力的影响：将新鲜的骨骼肌置于KRB缓冲液中，37℃下充氧孵育2h，取该孵育液用10％TCA沉淀，取上清0.5mL与1.0mL 5％TCA混合均匀，依次加入0.75mL硝酸、0.75mL一氧化二氮，混合均匀，55℃下孵育30min；随后加入2mL双氯乙烯萃取，吸取上清液200μL至96孔板中，利用酶标仪在450nm波长处读取吸光度值，根据前期绘制的标准曲线[以不同浓度(0-1nmol/L)酪氨酸为横坐标、吸光度值为纵坐标]，计算TA蛋白分解代谢能力。结果表明(见表4)，试验组1-5大鼠的骨骼肌蛋白分解代谢能力均明显低于脾虚模型组；另外，试验组1大鼠的骨骼肌蛋白分解代谢能力明显低于试验组3-5。表明实施例1和对照例1-4所述的组合物均可降低脾虚证大鼠的骨骼肌蛋白分解代谢能力，实施例1所述的组合物效果最佳。
表4本发明的组合物对脾虚证大鼠骨骼肌蛋白分解代谢能力的影响
| 组别 | 动物数(只) | 蛋白分解代谢能力(pmol/mg) |
| 脾虚模型组 | 10 | 270.56±11.52 |
| 试验组1 | 10 | 204.68±11.89** |
| 试验组2 | 10 | 220.53±10.23* |
| 试验组3 | 10 | 236.63±10.44*# |
| 试验组4 | 10 | 235.45±9.78*# |
| 试验组5 | 10 | 238.25±11.36*# |
注：与脾虚模型组比较，*P<0.05，**P<0.01；与试验组1比较，#P<0.05。
综上所述，该试验表明实施例1所述的组合物与对照例1-4所述的组合物相比，能够更有效的增加脾虚证大鼠骨骼肌蛋白合成和抑制骨骼肌蛋白降解，具有增加脾虚证大鼠肌肉质量和力量的作用。
说明由人参、茯苓、甘草中任意两味药材组方而成的组合物，以及由人参、茯苓、甘草三味药材组方而成，但各味药材比例不在本发明范围内的组合物，其在增加骨骼肌蛋白合成和抑制骨骼肌蛋白降解，改善肌肉质量和力量方面均不能达到实施例1所述组合物的效果。
制剂实施例
实施例2
本实施例提供一种适用于预防和改善肌肉衰减的保健食品，按重量百分比添加，包含以下组分：
实施例1所得的组合物干膏粉40％、D-氨基葡萄糖硫酸钾盐7％、硫酸软骨素钠4％、乳糖47％和硬脂酸镁2％
上述保健食品的加工方法为：将准备的D-氨基葡萄糖硫酸钾盐、硫酸软骨素钠及乳糖等比例混合，再加入组合物干膏粉及剩余乳糖混合均匀，加入适量水制软材，使用摇摆颗粒机制粒，放入50-60℃的鼓风干燥箱干燥，干燥后整粒。再加入硬脂酸镁增加颗粒流动性，压片，即得所述保健食品。
实施例3
本实施例提供一种适用于运动人群预防和改善肌肉衰减的运动营养食品，按照重量份添加，包含以下组分：
实施例1所得组合物干膏粉3重量份、大豆分离蛋白8重量份、浓缩乳清蛋白5重量份、亮氨酸2重量份、异亮氨酸1重量份、缬氨酸1重量份、麦芽糊精1.5重量份、黄原胶0.5重量份。
上述运动营养食品的制备方法为：按上述比例称取组合物干膏粉、大豆分离蛋白、浓缩乳清蛋白、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、缬氨酸、麦芽糊精和黄原胶，先将组合物干膏粉、麦芽糊精和黄原胶混合均匀，再加入其余原料混合均匀，分装即得，可预防过度运动导致的肌肉功能下降，特别适合运动人群在高强度运动后食用。
实施例4
本实施例提供一种适用于中老年人群日常食用的固体饮料，按照重量份包含以下组分：
实施例1所得组合物干膏粉2重量份、浓缩乳清蛋白5重量份、β-羟基-β-甲基丁酸钙2重量份、黄原胶0.5重量份、食用香精0.5重量份。
上述固体饮料的制备方法为：按上述比例称取组合物干膏粉、浓缩乳清蛋白、β-羟基-β-甲基丁酸钙、黄原胶、食用香精，先将黄原胶、食用香精与β-羟基-β-甲基丁酸钙混合均匀，再加入组合物干膏粉和浓缩乳清蛋白混合均匀，分装即得，适合中老年人群在两餐之间作为加餐食用。
显然，本领域的技术人员可以对本发明进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本发明的精神和范围。这样，倘若本发明的这些修改和变型属于本发明权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内，则本发明也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。
Claims (10)
1.一种预防和改善肌肉衰减的组合物，其特征在于：所述组合物包含人参、茯苓和甘草。
2.根据权利要求1所述的组合物，其特征在于：以重量份数计，所述组合物包含人参2-6份、茯苓2-6份和甘草1-3份。
3.根据权利要求1或权利要求2所述的组合物，其特征在于：以重量份数计，所述组合物包含人参4份、茯苓4份和甘草2份。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的组合物，其特征在于：所述组合物由人参、茯苓和甘草组成。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的组合物，其特征在于：所述组合物维持或增加瘦体重、维持肌肉力量、提供肌肉营养、促进肌肉蛋白合成、缓解肌肉蛋白分解和肌肉损失。
6.权利要求1至5中任一项所述的组合物的制备方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：按比例称取人参、茯苓和甘草，加入8倍药材量的水，煎煮2次，每次2小时，合并两次煎煮滤液，进行减压浓缩至密度为1.20-1.30g/mL,即得浓缩液，将浓缩液进行减压干燥、粉碎，即得所述组合物的干膏粉。
7.一种预防和改善肌肉衰减的产品，其特征在于：所述产品包含以重量计15-50％的权利要求1至5中任一项所述的组合物或权利要求6所述制备方法制备得到的组合物的干膏粉，以及药学上、生理学上或食品保健品领域可接受的辅料，其中所述产品是中药组合物、保健品或功能性食品。
8.根据权利要求7所述的产品，其特征在于：所述产品的剂型选自液体饮料、固体饮料、压片糖果、含片、普通片剂、口服液、胶囊剂、颗粒剂、咀嚼片、泡腾片或代餐奶昔。
9.权利要求1至5中任一项所述的组合物，权利要求6所述制备方法制备得到的组合物的干膏粉，或者权利要求7或权利要求8所述的产品在制备预防和改善肌肉衰减的产品中的用途，其特征在于：所述产品是中药组合物、保健品或功能性食品。
10.根据权利要求9所述的用途，其特征在于：所述产品维持或增加瘦体重、维持肌肉力量、提供肌肉营养、促进肌肉蛋白合成、缓解肌肉蛋白分解和肌肉损失。
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