CN113973675A - Novel method for cultivating allium chinense - Google Patents
Novel method for cultivating allium chinense Download PDFInfo
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- CN113973675A CN113973675A CN202111255325.0A CN202111255325A CN113973675A CN 113973675 A CN113973675 A CN 113973675A CN 202111255325 A CN202111255325 A CN 202111255325A CN 113973675 A CN113973675 A CN 113973675A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/35—Bulbs; Alliums, e.g. onions or leeks
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D13/00—Diggers, e.g. potato ploughs
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of allium chinense cultivation, and particularly discloses a new allium chinense cultivation method, which comprises the steps of weeding, sunning and field preparation after rice is harvested, wherein the field preparation comprises the steps of firstly spreading plant ash or crushed straw powder and potassium sulfate compound fertilizer in the sunned field, then deep ploughing and rotary tillage, leveling compartment surfaces and digging drainage ditches; before sowing, a ground sunshade net is paved on the compartment surface, but holes are reserved at the positions of each sowing ditch; during sowing, the consistency of the single weight of the seeds, the depth of the sowing groove and the thickness of the covering soil is well controlled; after sowing, fertilization is carried out periodically: applying 30 jin of urea as a wax fertilizer in the bottom mu of a month, applying 50 jin of high-nitrogen high-potassium compound fertilizer in the bottom mu of a month, and applying 50 jin of high-nitrogen high-potassium compound fertilizer in the mu before and after the clearness in the first ten days of April; before harvesting, the overground part of the allium chinense fruits is knotted, and the ground cloth sunshade net is removed, so that the quality and the yield of the allium chinense fruits are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cultivation, in particular to a novel method for cultivating allium chinense in Jinshi.
Background
Allium chinense, a special product in the Jinshi city of Changde, Hunan province, and geographical signs of agricultural products in the whole country have a long history and are planted in the early ten thousands of years in the Ming dynasty. The allium chinense in Jinshi has compact structure, more skin layers, long egg shape, single weight of 6-10 g, white, crystal, fresh, tender and crisp property, and is rich in various nutrients such as crude protein, fat, vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, crude fiber and amino acid.
The allium chinense is planted by adopting an asexual propagation method, collected seeds are directly planted, a semi-horizontal method is adopted for planting, and laterite, paddy soil or moisture soil with good drainage is preferably selected. At present, the cultivation technology of the allium chinense is relatively mature, but the yield of the allium chinense is not very stable, particularly, the dry land continuous cropping time is long, soil is easy to carry bacteria, the diseases and insect pests are relatively more, and the water-dry continuous cropping mode can effectively reduce the diseases and insect pests. However, for allium chinense, the rice rotation is not beneficial to the expansion of allium chinense due to the rich soil (viscosity) of rice, the allium chinense yield needs to be improved (3200 3800 jin), and in addition, the allium chinense is pulled out together with the leaves during harvesting, and the allium chinense is adhered to the rice soil and is not easy to separate, so the labor intensity and the labor cost of harvesting are increased. In addition, the situation of weeds growing easily occurs when the allium chinense is planted in the paddy field, and the weeding cost and difficulty are increased.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a novel method for cultivating allium chinense, which overcomes the defects that allium chinense is small in size and is not easy to separate from paddy soil and the like in the rotation of allium chinense and paddy rice.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a new method for cultivating allium chinense is characterized in that paddy and upland rotation is carried out on the allium chinense and rice, after the rice is harvested, weeding, field sunning and field preparation are carried out, wherein the field preparation comprises the steps of firstly spreading plant ash or crushed straw powder and potassium sulfate compound fertilizer in the sunned field, then deep ploughing and rotary tillage, leveling the compartment surface and forming drainage ditches; before sowing, a ground sunshade net is paved on the compartment surface, but holes are reserved at the positions of each sowing ditch; during sowing, the consistency of the single weight of the seeds, the depth of the sowing groove and the thickness of the covering soil is well controlled; after sowing, fertilization is carried out periodically: applying 30 jin of urea as a wax fertilizer in the bottom mu of a month, applying 50 jin of high-nitrogen high-potassium compound fertilizer in the bottom mu of a month, and applying 50 jin of high-nitrogen high-potassium compound fertilizer in the mu before and after the clearness in the first ten days of April; before harvesting, the overground part of the allium chinense is knotted, and the ground cloth sunshade net is removed.
Preferably, the new method for cultivating the allium chinense is realized by the following main steps:
(1) land selection and preparation: planting in field with rich soil, high water and fertilizer maintaining effect, convenient irrigation and drainage and mild topography; after the rice is harvested, cleaning the rice straws and weeds, and drying the rice straws in the sun to dry the field; uniformly spreading the plant ash or straw powder and the potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, wherein the adding amount of the plant ash or straw powder is 10-30 kg/mu, and the adding amount of the potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is 50-80 jin/mu; then deep ploughing and field rotation are carried out, the depth of the deep ploughing is 30-60cm, soil fine crushing, compartment surface leveling and plant ash or straw ash and soil mixing are carried out when the field rotation is carried out; then, opening a circumferential ditch, a middle ditch and a waist ditch;
(2) seed selection and classification: selecting disease-free, insect-free and mildew-free seeds, and sowing the seeds in large, medium and small grades, wherein the weight of a single seed is 7-10 g of fruit seeds, and 300-400 jin of dry seeds are used per mu;
(3) seed soaking and pest killing: soaking seeds to kill pests according to a conventional method; fishing out and drying the seeds for sowing;
(4) sowing: (ii) a Generally, the sowing period is from late August to late October, wherein the sowing is best in the middle and late September, the sowing row spacing is 25cm, the planting distance is 8-10cm, and the sowing period is guaranteed as follows: the depth of the sowing trench is consistent, the depth of the sowing trench is 10cm, the thickness of the covering soil is consistent, the thickness of the covering soil is 3-4cm, the size of the seeds is consistent, and the seeds need to be placed horizontally;
(5) field management: after sowing, ensuring that the soil is moist to facilitate the allium chinense to take root, sprout and early emerge; applying 30 jin of urea as a wax fertilizer in the bottom mu of a month, applying 50 jin of high-nitrogen high-potassium compound fertilizer in the bottom mu of a month, and applying 50 jin of high-nitrogen high-potassium compound fertilizer in the mu before and after the clearness in the first ten days of April;
(6) harvesting in time: before harvesting, knotting the overground part of the allium chinense fruits, and removing the ground cloth sunshade net; the commercial fruits are preferably harvested from the middle and late ten days of 6 months to the summer.
Preferably, the length of the straw powder in the plant ash or the straw powder is controlled to be 0.2-0.8 cm.
Preferably, the harvesting step of the new method for cultivating the allium chinense is completed by allium chinense harvesting equipment; the allium chinense harvesting equipment comprises a rack and four traveling wheels which are distributed in a rectangular shape, wherein a door-shaped mounting rack is fixed between the two traveling wheels which are arranged at the bottom of the front end of the rack and positioned at the front side through a plurality of vertical connecting rods, the opening direction of the door-shaped mounting rack is parallel to the traveling direction of the traveling wheels, vertical guide grooves are formed in the left side wall and the right side wall of the door-shaped mounting rack, two ends of a rotating shaft respectively penetrate through the two vertical guide grooves, one end of the rotating shaft is fixed to the telescopic rod end of one of the lifting hydraulic cylinders through a bearing, and the other end of the rotating shaft penetrates through a bearing seat fixed to the telescopic rod end of the other lifting hydraulic cylinder and is fixedly connected with a rotating motor; the cylinder barrels of the two lifting hydraulic cylinders are fixed on the corresponding positions of the frame, and the telescopic rods of the two lifting hydraulic cylinders extend in the vertical direction; a plurality of net-sheet type twisted blades are uniformly distributed on the rotating shaft along the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft, the whole twisted blade is in an arc shape, and the free end of each twisted blade is fixedly connected with a tip; the front side of the door-shaped mounting frame is hinged with the rear end of a ground cutting knife, the top of the ground cutting knife is hinged with a telescopic hydraulic cylinder close to the left side and the right side of the front end respectively, and cylinder barrels of the two telescopic hydraulic cylinders are hinged on the corresponding parts of the door-shaped mounting frame; a centralized hopper is fixedly connected in the door-shaped mounting rack and behind the rotating shaft; a temporary storage net cage with an open top is detachably connected to the bottom of the frame, a kneading plate is arranged in the temporary storage net cage, and the bottom of the kneading plate is fixedly connected with a rubber kneading pad; the bottom end of a lifter is arranged in the centralized hopper, and the high end of the lifter is arranged above the temporary storage net cage.
Preferably, the temporary storage net cage is composed of a cylindrical side wall and a net-shaped bottom, wherein the cylindrical side wall is divided into an upper section and a lower section, the upper section is a pore-free wall, and the lower section is a net-pore wall; an outer cover is fixedly welded on the periphery of the temporary storage net box, the bottom of the outer cover is fixedly welded with the bottom of the cylindrical side wall of the temporary storage net box, the inner side of the top of the outer cover is fixedly welded with the outer side of the top of the cylindrical side wall of the temporary storage net box, and a sealed air storage chamber is formed between the temporary storage net box and the outer cover; one side of the outer cover is fixedly connected with a connecting pipe orifice communicated with the air storage chamber, and the connecting pipe orifice is connected with an air blower through an air supply hose.
Preferably, the kneading plates are circular and are at least designed, the top of each kneading plate is fixedly connected with another rotating motor, the top of each rotating motor is fixedly connected with another lifting hydraulic cylinder, the telescopic rod of each lifting hydraulic cylinder also extends in the vertical direction, and the cylinder barrel is fixedly connected to the rack.
Preferably, the tip of each hinge leaf is fixedly connected to the free end of the corresponding hinge leaf, the tip is made of rubber, and the hinge leaf is made of stainless steel.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention mainly aims to effectively improve the viscosity of the paddy soil by spreading plant ash or straw powder with certain granularity before deep ploughing and rotary tillage, lays a foundation for promoting the expansion of allium chinense fruits and can effectively prevent the allium chinense fruit rot phenomenon;
(2) according to the invention, through the control of deep ploughing and rotary tillage, the control of seeding (depth of a seeding ditch, consistent seed guide and consistent soil covering thickness) and reasonable fertilization in field management, the expansion of allium chinense can be effectively promoted, and the quality of the allium chinense (the content of the allium chinense reaches more than 96% of 10-12 g) is improved;
(3) according to the invention, the ground fabric sunshade net is laid on the compartment surface, so that on one hand, the effect of physically preventing weeds from growing thickly can be achieved, on the other hand, the local greening of the allium chinense is prevented, and the quality of the allium chinense is ensured;
(4) the invention effectively combines the grading and selection of seeds, the control of the depth of the sowing ditch, the control of the thickness of the covering soil, the horizontal placement of the seeds and the like, improves the yield of the allium chinense, and has the yield per mu of more than 4500 jin;
(5) according to the invention, the overground part of the allium chinense fruits is knotted before harvesting, and the allium chinense fruit harvesting equipment is adopted for harvesting during harvesting, so that the leaves on the ground part of the allium chinense fruits can be cut off, the subsequent separation between the allium chinense fruits and soil is facilitated, and the rotary shaft drives the plurality of screen type twisted leaves to rotate, so that the allium chinense fruits can be effectively harvested, and part of crushed soil is sieved; then the separation of the allium chinense fruits from most of soil on the surface is realized through a temporary storage net cage, a kneading plate and the like at the back, so that the harvesting efficiency and the harvesting effect are greatly improved;
(6) the pesticide residue of the allium chinense harvested by the method is far lower than the related standard (about 12 percent lower than the standard); and the integrity of the machine-harvested allium chinense is over 90 percent (namely the destruction rate is lower than 10 percent); effectively improves the commercial value of the allium chinense.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural front view of the allium chinense harvesting equipment of the invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a half of a frame and corresponding parts of the allium chinense harvesting equipment of the invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of twisted leaves on a rotating shaft in the allium chinense harvesting equipment;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structural position relationship of a temporary storage net cage, a kneading plate and the like in the allium chinense harvesting equipment;
the device comprises a frame, a travelling wheel, a traction frame, a door-shaped mounting frame, a vertical guide groove, a rotating shaft, a first lifting hydraulic cylinder, a hinge, a first lifting hydraulic cylinder, a second lifting hydraulic cylinder, a third lifting hydraulic cylinder, a fourth lifting hydraulic cylinder, a fifth lifting hydraulic cylinder, a sixth lifting hydraulic cylinder, a fifth lifting hydraulic cylinder, a sixth lifting hydraulic cylinder, a fifth lifting hydraulic cylinder, a sixth lifting hydraulic cylinder, a fifth lifting hydraulic cylinder, a sixth lifting hydraulic cylinder, a fourth lifting hydraulic cylinder, a fifth lifting hydraulic cylinder, a fourth lifting hydraulic cylinder, a fifth lifting hydraulic cylinder, a fourth hydraulic cylinder, a fifth lifting hydraulic cylinder, a fifth hydraulic cylinder, a fourth lifting hydraulic cylinder, a fifth hydraulic.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1-4, the allium chinense harvesting equipment of the invention comprises a gate-type frame 1 and four traveling wheels 2 distributed in a rectangular shape, a gate-type mounting frame 4 is fixed between the two traveling wheels at the front side and at the bottom of the front end of the frame 1 through a plurality of vertical connecting rods, a traction frame 3 is fixedly connected with the top of the rear end of the gate-type mounting frame 4, the harvesting equipment of the invention is connected with conventional traction equipment such as a tractor through the traction frame 3, the opening direction of the gate-type mounting frame 4 is parallel to the traveling direction of the traveling wheels 2, and the traveling wheels 2 travel in a ditch between two adjacent boxes; vertical guide grooves 4.1 are respectively formed in the left side wall and the right side wall of the door-shaped mounting frame 4, two ends of a rotating shaft 5 respectively penetrate through the two vertical guide grooves 4.1, one end of the rotating shaft is fixed to the telescopic rod end of one first lifting hydraulic cylinder 6 through a bearing, and the other end of the rotating shaft penetrates through a bearing seat fixed to the telescopic rod end of the other first lifting hydraulic cylinder 6 and is fixedly connected with a rotating motor; the cylinder barrels of the two first lifting hydraulic cylinders 6 are fixed on the corresponding positions of the frame 1, and the telescopic rods of the two first lifting hydraulic cylinders 6 extend in the vertical direction; a plurality of net-sheet type twisted blades 7 are uniformly distributed on the rotating shaft 5 along the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft, the whole twisted blade 7 is arc-shaped, and the free end of each twisted blade 7 is fixedly connected with a tip 7.1; the front side of the door-shaped mounting frame 4 is hinged with the rear end of a ground cutting knife 8, and the bottom of the front end of the ground cutting knife 8 is a plane which is attached to the carriage surface during cutting; the top of the ground cutting knife 8 and the left and right sides close to the front end are respectively hinged with a telescopic hydraulic cylinder 9, and the cylinder barrels of the two telescopic hydraulic cylinders 9 are hinged on the corresponding parts of the door-shaped mounting frame 4; a centralized hopper 10 is fixedly connected in the door-shaped mounting frame 4 and behind the rotating shaft 5; a temporary storage net cage 11 with an open top is detachably connected to the bottom of the frame 1 through bolts, a kneading plate 15 is arranged in the temporary storage net cage 11, and a plurality of raised rubber kneading pads are formed at the bottom and fixedly connected to the bottom of the kneading plate 15; the bottom end of a lifter 16 is arranged in the centralized hopper 10, the high end is arranged above the temporary storage net cage 11, and the lifter 16 is a conventional bucket lifter;
the temporary storage net cage 11 is composed of a cylindrical side wall 11.1 and a net-shaped bottom 11.2, wherein the cylindrical side wall 11.1 is divided into an upper section and a lower section, the upper section is a non-hole wall, and the lower section is a hole wall; an outer cover 12 is fixedly welded on the periphery of the temporary storage net cage 11, the bottom of the outer cover 12 is fixedly welded with the bottom of the cylindrical side wall 11.1 of the temporary storage net cage 11, the inner side of the top of the outer cover 12 is fixedly welded with the outer side of the top of the cylindrical side wall 11.1 of the temporary storage net cage 11, and a sealed air storage chamber 13 is formed between the temporary storage net cage 11 and the outer cover 12; netted bottom 11.2 can be whole, can not open, also can be at the bottom opening feed opening of netted bottom 11.2, and the design has the unloading door that can be convenient for the blowing and cover the feed opening in feed opening department, and unloading door one side articulates on netted bottom, and the opposite side is passed through bolt, pinhole and is dismantled with netted bottom and be connected. A connecting pipe orifice 14 communicated with the air storage chamber 13 is fixedly connected with one side of the outer cover 12, the connecting pipe orifice 14 is connected with a blower through an air supply hose, and the blower is fixedly connected on the top of the frame 1 at a proper position.
The length of the temporary storage net cage 11 is designed according to the actual width of the compartment surface, the kneading plates 15 can be designed to be circular and at least two according to the length of the temporary storage net cage 11, one rotating motor is fixedly connected to the top of each kneading plate 15, a second lifting hydraulic cylinder 17 is fixedly connected to the top of each rotating motor, and the telescopic rod of the second lifting hydraulic cylinder 17 also extends in the vertical direction and is fixedly connected to the frame 1.
In order to avoid the damage of the twisted leaves to the allium chinense as much as possible, the tip of each twisted leaf is fixedly connected to the free end of the corresponding twisted leaf, the tip is made of rubber, and the twisted leaves are made of stainless steel.
Example one
The new method for cultivating the allium chinense provided by the embodiment is realized through the following steps:
(1) land selection and preparation: planting in field with rich soil, high water and fertilizer maintaining effect, convenient irrigation and drainage and mild topography; after rice is harvested in one season, weeding and field drying are carried out, then plant ash (30 kilograms/mu) and potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (70 jin/mu) are spread, deep ploughing is carried out (the depth is 30-60 centimeters), then field rotation is carried out, soil is finely crushed when the field rotation is carried out, the compartment surface is smooth, the south and north directions are as far as possible to the compartment surface so as to facilitate the leaf unfolding along the wind, then a surrounding ditch, a middle ditch and a waist ditch are opened, smooth drainage is ensured, and water is not accumulated obviously in rainy seasons;
(2) seed selection and classification: selecting disease-free, insect-free and mildew-free seeds, and sowing according to large, medium and small grades so as to determine plant row spacing, ensure uniform and consistent growth and facilitate high yield, wherein the weight of a single seed is preferably 7-10 g of fruit seeds, and 300-400 jin of dry seeds are used per mu;
(3) seed soaking and pest killing: mixing and soaking seeds for 3-4 hours by using any one or two of a 50% phoxim 500-fold liquid, a 5% abamectin 2000-fold liquid, a 10.5% abamectin 2000-fold liquid or a 23% abamectin 8000-fold liquid, ensuring that the pesticide fully permeates the seeds and kills root mites in the seeds, and simultaneously sufficiently absorbing water to facilitate germination and root growth; fishing out and drying the seeds for sowing;
(4) sowing: before sowing, a ground sunshade net is paved on the compartment surface, but holes are reserved at the positions of each sowing ditch; generally, the sowing period is from late August to late October, wherein the sowing is best in the middle and late September, the sowing row spacing is 25cm, the planting distance is 8-10cm, and the sowing period is guaranteed as follows: the depth of the sowing trench is consistent, the depth of the sowing trench is 10cm, the thickness of the covering soil is consistent, the thickness of the covering soil is 3-4cm, the size of the seeds is consistent, and the seeds need to be horizontally placed in the sowing trench;
(5) field management: after sowing, ensuring that the soil is moist to facilitate the allium chinense to take root, sprout and early emerge; determining whether to carry out chemical grass drawing according to the grass drawing condition: if the weeds are few after sowing and can be manually weeded, chemical weeding is not adopted, but if the weeds are relatively more after sowing (the weed coverage area exceeds 20 percent of the planting area), the chemical weeding is carried out after the weeds are basically produced, 2 leaves of grass are produced and 3 leaves of broadleaf grass are produced, the cotyledon period of the weeds is preferably used, and the basic weeding is to produce the weeds completely, use enough medicaments, add enough water and spray uniformly; applying 30 jin of urea as a wax fertilizer in the bottom mu of a month, applying 50 jin of high-nitrogen high-potassium compound fertilizer in the bottom mu of a month, and applying 50 jin of high-nitrogen high-potassium compound fertilizer in the mu before and after the clearness in the first ten days of April;
(6) and (3) pest control: the allium chinense mainly has epidemic diseases and the most common and serious harm of acanthopanax spinosus, wherein the prevention and control of the epidemic diseases are from the first ten days of 4 months to the first ten days of 7 months, the oral medicaments are pyraclostrobin, cyazofamid, metalaxyl manganese zinc and mandipropamid, the medicaments are used alternately, and the prevention and control can be realized by adding the bacterial disease prevention medicament every 10 days from the first ten days of 4 months according to the instruction, and the medicaments are used for 6 to 7 times; the method for preventing and treating the dermatophagoides pteronyssinus is characterized by establishing a special disease-free seed-reserving field, storing after picking to prevent rotten and grown mites, strictly soaking and killing insects, and performing rotation in paddy and dry fields, for example, after the field occurs, using phoxim, abamectin and pyridaben to drench roots or using a sprayer to spray in sequence before raining, and continuously applying the pesticide for 2 to 3 times;
(7) harvesting in time: before harvesting, knotting the overground part of the allium chinense fruits, and removing the ground cloth sunshade net; the commercial fruits are preferably harvested from summer to summer in the late ten days of 6 months, the allium chinense harvesting equipment is particularly used for harvesting, under the traction of a tractor, a ground cutting knife cuts off knotted blades on the allium chinense ground, so that the fruits of the allium chinense are separated from the blades, the twisted blades 7 are screwed into soil under the drive of corresponding rotating motors, the allium chinense fruits in the soil and the soil are thrown up in a rotating mode, separated fine soil is screened in the rotating and throwing process due to the fact that the twisted blades 7 are of a net sheet structure, the rest parts of the allium chinense are thrown into a centralized hopper 11 and then conveyed into a temporary storage net cage 11 through a lifter 16, the allium chinense fruits are difficult to separate from the allium chinense fruits due to the fact that the viscosity of the soil is easy to adhere to the allium chinense fruits together, the allium chinense fruits entering the temporary storage net cage 11 need to be ventilated and dried, are regularly ventilated into a gas storage chamber 13, and the rubbing plates are used for rotary rubbing the fruits, the control is relatively small in the fruit rubbing process, and the rubbing is made of rubber material, so the surface of the allium chinense can not be scratched; the kneaded soil is screened from the bottom of the temporary storage net cage 11; when the amount of the allium chinense in the temporary storage net cage reaches a certain amount, the allium chinense is transferred to other places.
Claims (7)
1. A new method for cultivating allium chinense is characterized in that paddy and upland rotation is carried out on the allium chinense and rice, after the rice is harvested, weeding, field sunning and field preparation are carried out, wherein the field preparation comprises the steps of firstly spreading plant ash or crushed straw powder and potassium sulfate compound fertilizer in the sunned field, then deep ploughing and rotary tillage, leveling the compartment surface and forming drainage ditches; before sowing, a ground sunshade net is paved on the compartment surface, but holes are reserved at the positions of each sowing ditch; during sowing, the consistency of the single weight of the seeds, the depth of the sowing groove and the thickness of the covering soil is well controlled; after sowing, fertilization is carried out periodically: applying 30 jin of urea as a wax fertilizer in the bottom mu of a month, applying 50 jin of high-nitrogen high-potassium compound fertilizer in the bottom mu of a month, and applying 50 jin of high-nitrogen high-potassium compound fertilizer in the mu before and after the clearness in the first ten days of April; before harvesting, the overground part of the allium chinense is knotted, and the ground cloth sunshade net is removed.
2. The new allium chinense cultivation method of claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following main steps:
(1) land selection and preparation: planting in field with rich soil, high water and fertilizer maintaining effect, convenient irrigation and drainage and mild topography; after the rice is harvested, cleaning the rice straws and weeds, and drying the rice straws in the sun to dry the field; uniformly spreading the plant ash or straw powder and the potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, wherein the adding amount of the plant ash or straw powder is 10-30 kg/mu, and the adding amount of the potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is 50-80 jin/mu; then deep ploughing and field rotation are carried out, the depth of the deep ploughing is 30-60cm, soil fine crushing, compartment surface leveling and plant ash or straw ash and soil mixing are carried out when the field rotation is carried out; then, opening a circumferential ditch, a middle ditch and a waist ditch;
(2) seed selection and classification: selecting disease-free, insect-free and mildew-free seeds, and sowing the seeds in large, medium and small grades, wherein the weight of a single seed is 7-10 g of fruit seeds, and 300-400 jin of dry seeds are used per mu;
(3) seed soaking and pest killing: soaking seeds to kill pests according to a conventional method; fishing out and drying the seeds for sowing;
(4) sowing: generally, the sowing period is from late August to late October, wherein the sowing is best in the middle and late September, the sowing row spacing is 25cm, the planting distance is 8-10cm, and the sowing period is guaranteed as follows: the depth of the sowing trench is consistent, the depth of the sowing trench is 10cm, the thickness of the covering soil is consistent, the thickness of the covering soil is 3-4cm, the size of the seeds is consistent, and the seeds need to be placed horizontally;
(5) field management: after sowing, ensuring that the soil is moist to facilitate the allium chinense to take root, sprout and early emerge; applying 30 jin of urea as a wax fertilizer in the bottom mu of a month, applying 50 jin of high-nitrogen high-potassium compound fertilizer in the bottom mu of a month, and applying 50 jin of high-nitrogen high-potassium compound fertilizer in the mu before and after the clearness in the first ten days of April;
(6) harvesting in time: before harvesting, knotting the overground part of the allium chinense fruits, and removing the ground cloth sunshade net; the commercial fruits are preferably harvested from the middle and late ten days of 6 months to the summer.
3. The new allium chinense cultivation method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the length of the straw powder in the plant ash or the straw powder is controlled to be 0.2-0.8 cm.
4. The new allium chinense cultivation method of claim 3, wherein the harvesting step of the new allium chinense cultivation method is completed by allium chinense harvesting equipment; the allium chinense harvesting equipment comprises a rack and four traveling wheels which are distributed in a rectangular shape, wherein a door-shaped mounting rack is fixed between the two traveling wheels which are arranged at the bottom of the front end of the rack and positioned at the front side through a plurality of vertical connecting rods, the opening direction of the door-shaped mounting rack is parallel to the traveling direction of the traveling wheels, vertical guide grooves are formed in the left side wall and the right side wall of the door-shaped mounting rack, two ends of a rotating shaft respectively penetrate through the two vertical guide grooves, one end of the rotating shaft is fixed to the telescopic rod end of one of the lifting hydraulic cylinders through a bearing, and the other end of the rotating shaft penetrates through a bearing seat fixed to the telescopic rod end of the other lifting hydraulic cylinder and is fixedly connected with a rotating motor; the cylinder barrels of the two lifting hydraulic cylinders are fixed on the corresponding positions of the frame, and the telescopic rods of the two lifting hydraulic cylinders extend in the vertical direction; a plurality of net-sheet type twisted blades are uniformly distributed on the rotating shaft along the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft, the whole twisted blade is in an arc shape, and the free end of each twisted blade is fixedly connected with a tip; the front side of the door-shaped mounting frame is hinged with the rear end of a ground cutting knife, the top of the ground cutting knife is hinged with a telescopic hydraulic cylinder close to the left side and the right side of the front end respectively, and cylinder barrels of the two telescopic hydraulic cylinders are hinged on the corresponding parts of the door-shaped mounting frame; a centralized hopper is fixedly connected in the door-shaped mounting rack and behind the rotating shaft; a temporary storage net cage with an open top is detachably connected to the bottom of the frame, a kneading plate is arranged in the temporary storage net cage, and the bottom of the kneading plate is fixedly connected with a rubber kneading pad; the bottom end of a lifter is arranged in the centralized hopper, and the high end of the lifter is arranged above the temporary storage net cage.
5. The new allium chinense cultivation method of claim 4, wherein the temporary storage net cage is composed of a cylindrical side wall and a net-shaped bottom, wherein the cylindrical side wall is divided into an upper section and a lower section, the upper section is a non-porous wall, and the lower section is a porous wall; an outer cover is fixedly welded on the periphery of the temporary storage net box, the bottom of the outer cover is fixedly welded with the bottom of the cylindrical side wall of the temporary storage net box, the inner side of the top of the outer cover is fixedly welded with the outer side of the top of the cylindrical side wall of the temporary storage net box, and a sealed air storage chamber is formed between the temporary storage net box and the outer cover; one side of the outer cover is fixedly connected with a connecting pipe orifice communicated with the air storage chamber, and the connecting pipe orifice is connected with an air blower through an air supply hose.
6. The new method for cultivating allium chinense as claimed in claim 5, wherein the kneading plates are circular and at least one kneading plate is designed, the top of each kneading plate is fixedly connected with another rotating motor, the top of each rotating motor is fixedly connected with another hydraulic lifting cylinder, the telescopic rod of the hydraulic lifting cylinder also extends in the vertical direction, and the cylinder barrel is fixedly connected to the frame.
7. The new method for cultivating allium chinense as claimed in claim 4, wherein the tip of each twisted leaf is fixedly connected to the free end of the corresponding twisted leaf and is made of rubber and stainless steel.
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