CN113973675B - New allium chinense cultivation method - Google Patents
New allium chinense cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113973675B CN113973675B CN202111255325.0A CN202111255325A CN113973675B CN 113973675 B CN113973675 B CN 113973675B CN 202111255325 A CN202111255325 A CN 202111255325A CN 113973675 B CN113973675 B CN 113973675B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/35—Bulbs; Alliums, e.g. onions or leeks
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D13/00—Diggers, e.g. potato ploughs
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of allium chinense cultivation, and particularly discloses a novel allium chinense cultivation method, which comprises the steps of weeding, field-airing and field-setting after harvesting rice, wherein the field-setting is to spread plant ash or crushed straw powder on sun-dried Tian Lixian, and a potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, then deep ploughing, rotary tillage, leveling a box surface and well digging a drainage ditch; before sowing, a ground fabric sunshade net is paved on the carriage surface, but holes are reserved on the ground fabric sunshade net at the position of each sowing ditch; when sowing, the consistency of the single seed, the depth of the sowing ditch and the thickness of the covering soil is controlled; after sowing, fertilizer is applied regularly: applying 30 jin of urea as a wax fertilizer to each mu at the end of one month, applying 50 jin of high-nitrogen high-potassium compound fertilizer to each mu at the end of two months, and applying 50 jin of Gao Dangao potassium compound fertilizer to each mu before and after Qing in the last ten days of four months; before harvesting, knotting the overground parts of the allium chinense, and removing the ground cloth sunshade net, thereby improving the quality and the yield of the allium chinense.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cultivation, in particular to a novel method for cultivating allium chinense in jin city.
Background
The allium chinense in the Jinshi is a special product in Changde Jiujin in Hunan province and a geographical sign of agricultural products in the whole country, and the allium chinense starts to be planted in the open tens of thousands of years as early as the history is long. The allium chinense in jin city has compact structure, multiple cortex, long oval shape, single weight of 6-10 g, white and crystal appearance, new fragrance, tenderness, brittleness and the like, and is rich in various nutrient substances such as crude protein, fat, vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, crude fiber, amino acid and the like.
Planting allium chinense is to use asexual propagation method, collect and plant as seed directly, and select semi-horizontal method to plant, preferably select red soil, paddy soil or moist soil with good drainage. The existing allium chinense cultivation technology is relatively mature, but the yield is not very stable, especially the dry land continuous cropping time is long, soil is easy to carry bacteria, and the plant diseases and insect pests are relatively more, and the paddy and dry land continuous cropping mode can effectively reduce the plant diseases and insect pests. However, for the allium chinense, the paddy and dry continuous cropping, such as the rotation of the allium chinense and the rice, is unfavorable for the expansion of the allium chinense mainly due to the fertility (viscosity) of the rice soil, the yield of the allium chinense is still to be improved (3200-3800 jin), and when harvesting, the allium chinense is pulled out together with the blades, the allium chinense and the rice soil are stuck together, so that the allium chinense is not easy to separate, and the labor intensity and the labor cost of harvesting are increased. In addition, planting allium chinense in paddy field is easy to appear weed cluster condition, has increased weeding cost and degree of difficulty.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a novel method for cultivating allium chinense, which overcomes the defects that the allium chinense is small in size and not easy to separate from rice soil when the allium chinense is alternately planted with rice.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a new cultivation method of allium chinense is characterized in that paddy-upland rotation is carried out with a season of paddy rice, weeding, field-airing and field-setting are carried out after the harvest of the paddy rice, wherein the field-setting is to spread plant ash or crushed straw powder and a potassium sulfate compound fertilizer on sun-dried Tian Lixian, then deep ploughing and rotary tillage are carried out, the carriage surface is flattened, and drainage ditches are opened; before sowing, a ground fabric sunshade net is paved on the carriage surface, but holes are reserved on the ground fabric sunshade net at the position of each sowing ditch; when sowing, the consistency of the single seed, the depth of the sowing ditch and the thickness of the covering soil is controlled; after sowing, fertilizer is applied regularly: applying 30 jin of urea as a wax fertilizer to each mu at the end of one month, applying 50 jin of high-nitrogen high-potassium compound fertilizer to each mu at the end of two months, and applying 50 jin of Gao Dangao potassium compound fertilizer to each mu before and after Qing in the last ten days of four months; before harvesting, knotting the overground parts of the allium chinense, and removing the ground fabric sunshade net.
Preferably, the novel allium chinense cultivation method is realized through the following main steps:
(1) Land preparation: selecting a field with fertile soil, strong water and fertilizer retention, convenient irrigation and drainage and gentle topography for planting; after harvesting rice, cleaning rice straw and weeds, and sun-drying the field; uniformly spreading plant ash or straw powder and a potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, wherein the adding amount of the plant ash or straw powder is 10-30 kg/mu, and the adding amount of the potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is 50-80 kg/mu; then deep ploughing and rotary field, wherein the depth of deep ploughing is 30-60cm, and soil fine crushing, compartment surface leveling, plant ash or straw ash and soil uniform mixing are realized during rotary field; then digging a surrounding ditch, a middle ditch and a waist ditch;
(2) Seed selection and classification: selecting disease-free, insect-free and mildew-free seeds, and sowing the seeds in a grading manner according to large, medium and small seeds, wherein the weight of each seed is 7-10 g of the seed, and the dry seeds for each mu are 300-400 jin;
(3) Seed soaking and insect killing: seed soaking and disinfestation are carried out according to a conventional method; fishing out, airing and waiting for sowing;
(4) Sowing: the method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Generally, the sowing time is from the last ten days of August to the last ten days of October, wherein the sowing is optimal in the middle and last ten days of August, the sowing row spacing is 25cm, the plant spacing is 8-10cm, and the sowing is ensured: the depth of the sowing ditch is consistent, the depth of the sowing ditch is 10cm, the thickness of the covering soil is consistent, the thickness of the covering soil is 3-4cm, the size of seeds is consistent, and the seeds are required to be laid horizontally;
(5) And (3) field management: after sowing, the soil is required to be moist so as to facilitate rooting, sprouting and early emergence of allium chinense; applying 30 jin of urea as a wax fertilizer to each mu at the end of one month, applying 50 jin of high-nitrogen high-potassium compound fertilizer to each mu at the end of two months, and applying 50 jin of Gao Dangao potassium compound fertilizer to each mu before and after Qing in the last ten days of four months;
(6) Timely harvesting: knotting the overground parts of allium chinense before harvesting, and removing the ground fabric sunshade net; the commodity fruits are harvested from the middle and late 6 months to the summer season.
Preferably, the length of the straw powder in the plant ash or the straw powder is controlled to be 0.2-0.8cm.
Preferably, the harvesting step of the novel allium chinense cultivation method is finished through allium chinense harvesting equipment; the allium chinense harvesting equipment comprises a frame and four travelling wheels which are in rectangular distribution, wherein a door-shaped mounting frame is fixed between the two travelling wheels at the bottom of the front end of the frame and positioned at the front side through a plurality of vertical connecting rods, the opening direction of the door-shaped mounting frame is parallel to the travelling direction of the travelling wheels, vertical guide grooves are formed in the left side wall and the right side wall of the door-shaped mounting frame, two ends of a rotating shaft respectively penetrate through the two vertical guide grooves, one end of the rotating shaft is fixed on the telescopic rod end of one lifting hydraulic cylinder through a bearing, and the other end of the rotating shaft is fixedly connected with a rotating motor after penetrating through a bearing seat fixed on the telescopic rod end of the other lifting hydraulic cylinder; the cylinder barrels of the two lifting hydraulic cylinders are fixed at the corresponding positions of the frame, and the telescopic rods of the two lifting hydraulic cylinders extend in the vertical direction; a plurality of net-type twisted leaves are uniformly distributed on the rotating shaft along the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft, the whole twisted leaves are arc-shaped, and the free end of each twisted leaf is fixedly connected with a tip; the front side of the door-type mounting frame is hinged with the rear end of a ground cutting knife, the top of the ground cutting knife is hinged with a telescopic hydraulic cylinder respectively close to the left side and the right side of the front end, and cylinder barrels of the two telescopic hydraulic cylinders are hinged on the corresponding parts of the door-type mounting frame; a centralized hopper is fixedly connected in the door-shaped mounting frame and positioned behind the rotating shaft; a temporary storage net box with an opening at the top is detachably connected to the bottom of the frame, a rubbing board is arranged in the temporary storage net box, and a rubber rubbing pad is fixedly connected to the bottom of the rubbing board; the bottom end of a lifter is arranged in the centralized hopper, and the high end is arranged above the temporary storage net cage.
Preferably, the temporary storage net cage is composed of a cylindrical side wall and a net bottom, wherein the cylindrical side wall is divided into an upper section and a lower section, the upper section is a non-hole wall, and the lower section is a net hole wall; an outer cover is fixedly welded on the periphery of the temporary storage net box, the bottom of the outer cover is fixedly welded with the bottom of the cylindrical side wall of the temporary storage net box, the inner side of the top of the outer cover is fixedly welded with the outer side of the top of the cylindrical side wall of the temporary storage net box, and a sealed air storage chamber is formed between the temporary storage net box and the outer cover; a connecting pipe orifice communicated with the air storage chamber is fixedly connected to one side of the outer cover, and the connecting pipe orifice is connected with the blower through an air supply hose.
Preferably, the rubbing plates are round and at least one rubbing plate is designed, the top of each rubbing plate is fixedly connected with another rotating motor, the top of each rotating motor is fixedly connected with another lifting hydraulic cylinder, the telescopic rod of each lifting hydraulic cylinder extends in the vertical direction, and the cylinder barrel is fixedly connected to the frame.
Preferably, the tip of each hinge is fixedly connected to the free end of the corresponding hinge, the tip is made of rubber, and the hinge is made of stainless steel.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The invention spreads plant ash or straw powder with a certain granularity before deep ploughing and rotary field, and the main purpose is to effectively improve the viscosity of rice soil, lay a foundation for promoting the expansion of allium chinense, and simultaneously effectively prevent the rotten fruit phenomenon of allium chinense;
(2) According to the invention, through the control of deep ploughing and rotation field, the control of sowing (the depth of sowing ditch, the guiding of seeds are consistent, the thickness of covering soil is consistent) and reasonable fertilization in field management, the expansion of allium chinense can be effectively promoted, and the quality of allium chinense is improved (the weight of allium chinense per unit weight reaches more than 96 percent of 10-12 g);
(3) According to the invention, the ground cloth sunshade net is paved on the carriage surface, so that the effect of physically preventing weeds from clustering is achieved, the allium chinense is prevented from being partially greened, and the quality of the allium chinense is ensured;
(4) The invention effectively combines the grading selection of seeds, the control of the depth of a sowing ditch, the control of the thickness of covering soil, the horizontal placement of the seeds and the like, improves the yield of allium chinense, and achieves the yield per mu of more than 4500 jin;
(5) According to the method, the overground parts of the allium chinense are knotted before harvesting, and allium chinense harvesting equipment is adopted for harvesting during harvesting, so that the leaves on the ground parts of the allium chinense can be cut off, the subsequent separation between the allium chinense and soil is facilitated, and the rotating shaft drives the plurality of net type twisted leaves to rotate, so that the allium chinense can be effectively harvested, and part of broken soil is sieved; then through a temporary storage net cage, a rubbing plate and the like at the back, the separation of the allium chinense from most of soil on the surface is realized, and the harvesting efficiency and effect are greatly improved;
(6) The pesticide residue of the allium chinense harvested by the method is far lower than the related standard (about 12% lower than the standard); moreover, the integrity of the machine-picked allium chinense exceeds 90 percent (namely, the damage rate is lower than 10 percent); effectively improves the commercial value of allium chinense.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the allium chinense harvesting device in front view in structure;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the allium chinense harvesting device of the present invention with half of the frame and corresponding parts cut away;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of the cutter blades on the rotating shaft in the allium chinense harvesting device;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structural position relationship of a temporary storage net cage, a rubbing plate and the like in the allium chinense harvesting equipment;
the device comprises a frame 1, a frame 2, travelling wheels 3, a traction frame 4, a door-type mounting frame 4.1, a vertical guide groove 5, a rotating shaft 6, a first lifting hydraulic cylinder 7, a hinge, 7.1, a tip 8, a ground cutting knife 9, a telescopic hydraulic cylinder 10, a centralized hopper 11, a temporary storage net box 11.1, a cylindrical side wall 11.2, a net bottom 12, an outer cover 13, an air storage chamber 14, a connecting pipe orifice 15, a kneading plate 16, a lifting machine 17 and a second lifting hydraulic cylinder.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1-4, the allium chinense harvesting equipment comprises a door-type frame 1 and four rectangular travelling wheels 2, wherein a door-type mounting frame 4 is fixed between two travelling wheels which are arranged at the bottom of the front end of the frame 1 and positioned at the front side through a plurality of vertical connecting rods, the top of the rear end of the door-type mounting frame 4 is fixedly connected with a traction frame 3, the harvesting equipment is connected with conventional traction equipment such as a tractor and the like through the traction frame 3, the opening direction of the door-type mounting frame 4 is parallel to the travelling direction of the travelling wheels 2, and the travelling wheels 2 travel in a ditch between two adjacent boxes; vertical guide grooves 4.1 are formed in the left side wall and the right side wall of the door-type mounting frame 4, two ends of a rotating shaft 5 respectively penetrate through the two vertical guide grooves 4.1, one end of the rotating shaft is fixed on the telescopic rod end of one first lifting hydraulic cylinder 6 through a bearing, and the other end of the rotating shaft penetrates through a bearing seat fixed on the telescopic rod end of the other first lifting hydraulic cylinder 6 and is fixedly connected with a rotating motor; the cylinder barrels of the two first lifting hydraulic cylinders 6 are fixed at the corresponding positions of the frame 1, and the telescopic rods of the two first lifting hydraulic cylinders 6 extend in the vertical direction; a plurality of net-type twisting blades 7 are uniformly distributed on the rotating shaft 5 along the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft, the whole twisting blade 7 is arc-shaped, and the free end of each twisting blade 7 is fixedly connected with a tip 7.1; the front side of the door-type mounting frame 4 is hinged with the rear end of a ground cutting knife 8, and the bottom of the front end of the ground cutting knife 8 is a plane attached to a carriage surface during cutting; the top of the ground cutting knife 8 is hinged with a telescopic hydraulic cylinder 9 near the left and right sides of the front end, and the cylinder barrels of the two telescopic hydraulic cylinders 9 are hinged on the corresponding parts of the door-shaped mounting frame 4; a centralized hopper 10 is fixedly connected in the door-shaped mounting frame 4 and positioned behind the rotating shaft 5; the bottom of the frame 1 is detachably connected with a temporary storage net box 11 with an opening at the top through bolts, a rubbing plate 15 is arranged in the temporary storage net box 11, and the bottom of the rubbing plate 15 is fixedly connected with a rubber rubbing pad with a plurality of bulges formed at the bottom; the bottom end of a lifter 16 is arranged in the centralized hopper 10, the high end is arranged above the temporary storage net cage 11, and the lifter 16 is a conventional bucket lifter;
the temporary storage net cage 11 is composed of a cylindrical side wall 11.1 and a net bottom 11.2, wherein the cylindrical side wall 11.1 is divided into an upper section and a lower section, the upper section is a hole-free wall, and the lower section is a net hole wall; an outer cover 12 is fixedly welded on the periphery of the temporary storage net cage 11, the bottom of the outer cover 12 is fixedly welded with the bottom of the cylindrical side wall 11.1 of the temporary storage net cage 11, the inner side of the top of the outer cover 12 is fixedly welded with the outer side of the top of the cylindrical side wall 11.1 of the temporary storage net cage 11, and a sealed air storage chamber 13 is formed between the temporary storage net cage 11 and the outer cover 12; the net bottom 11.2 can be integral and can not be opened, or a bottom opening blanking opening of the net bottom 11.2 is designed at the blanking opening, a blanking door which can facilitate discharging and cover the blanking opening is arranged at the blanking opening, one side of the blanking door is hinged on the net bottom, and the other side of the blanking door is detachably connected with the net bottom through a bolt and a pin hole. A connecting pipe orifice 14 communicated with the air storage chamber 13 is fixedly connected to one side of the outer cover 12, the connecting pipe orifice 14 is connected with a blower through an air supply hose, and the blower is fixedly connected to the top of the frame 1 at a position corresponding to the top of the frame.
According to the length of the temporary storage net cage 11 designed according to the actual width of the carriage, the kneading plates 15 can be designed to be round and at least two pieces of kneading plates can be designed according to the length of the temporary storage net cage 11, the top of each kneading plate 15 is fixedly connected with another rotating motor, the top of each rotating motor is fixedly connected with a second lifting hydraulic cylinder 17, the telescopic rod of the second lifting hydraulic cylinder 17 extends in the vertical direction, and the cylinder barrel is fixedly connected to the frame 1.
In order to avoid damage of the twisted leaves to the allium chinense as much as possible, the tip end of each twisted leaf is fixedly connected to the free end of the corresponding twisted leaf, the tip end is made of rubber material, and the twisted leaf is made of stainless steel material.
Example 1
The novel allium chinense cultivation method provided by the embodiment is realized through the following steps:
(1) Land preparation: selecting a field with fertile soil, strong water and fertilizer retention, convenient irrigation and drainage and gentle topography for planting; after harvesting rice in one season, weeding and field sunning are carried out, then plant ash (30 kg/mu) +potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (70 kg/mu) is spread, deep ploughing (depth is 30-60 cm), then field rotating is carried out, soil fine crushing is carried out during the field rotating, carriage surfaces are flat, the carriage surfaces are as far as possible in the south-north direction, so that leaves can be spread in the downwind direction, and then surrounding ditches, middle ditches and waist ditches are formed, so that smooth drainage is ensured, and no obvious water accumulation in rainy seasons is realized;
(2) Seed selection and classification: selecting disease-free, insect-free and mildew-free seeds, and sowing the seeds in a grading manner according to a large, medium and small mode so as to determine plant row spacing, ensure uniform growth, facilitate high yield, and enable the weight of single seeds to be 7-10 g of seeds, wherein the weight of each seed is 300-400 jin of dry seeds for mu;
(3) Seed soaking and insect killing: soaking seeds for 3-4 hours by mixing any one or two arbitrary medicaments in 50% phoxim 500-time liquid or 5% avermectin 2000-time or 10.5% avermectin 2000-time or 23% avermectin 8000-time liquid, ensuring that the medicaments fully permeate seeds and kill root mites in the seeds, and sucking enough water to facilitate sprouting and rooting; fishing out, airing and waiting for sowing;
(4) Sowing: before sowing, a ground fabric sunshade net is paved on the carriage surface, but holes are reserved on the ground fabric sunshade net at the position of each sowing ditch; generally, the sowing time is from the last ten days of August to the last ten days of October, wherein the sowing is optimal in the middle and last ten days of August, the sowing row spacing is 25cm, the plant spacing is 8-10cm, and the sowing is ensured: the depth of the sowing ditch is consistent, the depth of the sowing ditch is 10cm, the thickness of the covering soil is consistent, the thickness of the covering soil is 3-4cm, the size of seeds is consistent, and the seeds are required to be horizontally placed in the sowing ditch;
(5) And (3) field management: after sowing, the soil is required to be moist so as to facilitate rooting, sprouting and early emergence of allium chinense; determining whether chemical grass emergence is carried out according to grass emergence conditions: if the weeds are less after sowing, chemical weeding is not adopted when weeding can be performed manually, but if the weeds are relatively more (the coverage area of the weeds exceeds 20% of the planting area) after sowing, the chemical weeding is performed basically after the weeds are out, before 2 leaves of the grass and 3 leaves of broadleaf weeds, the cotyledon period of the weeds is better, and the basic essential fields of weeding are that the weeds are out, enough medicines are used, water is added and uniform spraying is performed; applying 30 jin of urea as a wax fertilizer to each mu at the end of one month, applying 50 jin of high-nitrogen high-potassium compound fertilizer to each mu at the end of two months, and applying 50 jin of Gao Dangao potassium compound fertilizer to each mu before and after Qing in the last ten days of four months;
(6) Pest control: the allium chinense mainly has epidemic disease and the root mite of the spinosa occur most commonly and seriously, wherein the prevention and treatment of the epidemic disease is from the last ten days of 4 months to the last ten days of 7 months, the antipodal medicament is pyraclostrobin, cyazofamid, metalaxyl manganese zinc and mandipropamid which are alternately used, and the prevention and treatment can be achieved by adding the bacterial disease prevention medicament every 10 days from the last ten days of 4 months according to the instruction; the control method for the rhizopus spinosus is to establish a special seed-retaining field without disease insects, store the disease-free insects well to prevent the rhizopus spinosus from rotting, strictly dip the seeds to kill insects and rotate in paddy and dry land, such as spraying the rhizopus spinosus, abamectin and abamectin in the field or spraying the rhizopus in the front of heavy rain by a sprayer, and continuously apply the pesticide for 2 to 3 times;
(7) Timely harvesting: knotting the overground parts of allium chinense before harvesting, and removing the ground fabric sunshade net; the commodity fruits are preferably harvested in the late 6 months in summer, the ground cutting knife cuts off knotted blades on the ground of the allium chinense under the traction of the tractor to separate the fruits and the blades of the allium chinense, the twisted blades 7 are driven by corresponding rotating motors to be screwed into the soil to spin up the allium chinense fruits in the soil together with the soil, the twisted blades 7 are of a net sheet structure, the separated fine soil is screened out in the spin-up process, the rest part of the fine soil is thrown into the centralized hopper 11 and then transported into the temporary storage net box 11 through the hoister 16, and the soil is not easy to separate from the allium chinense due to the fact that the viscosity of the soil is easy to be stuck together with the allium chinense, so that the allium chinense entering the temporary storage net box 11 needs to be ventilated and dried, the allium chinense is rotationally rubbed into the air chamber 13 by using the rubbing plate, the rubbing force control is relatively small and the rubbing force is a rubber material when the allium chinense is rubbed, and the allium chinense is not hurt on the surface; the rubbed soil is screened out from the bottom of the temporary storage net cage 11; when the amount of the allium chinense in the temporary storage net cage reaches a certain amount, the allium chinense is transferred to other places.
Claims (3)
1. A new cultivation method of allium chinense is characterized in that paddy-upland rotation is carried out with a season of paddy rice, weeding, field-airing and field-setting are carried out after the harvest of the paddy rice, wherein the field-setting is to spread plant ash or crushed straw powder and a potassium sulfate compound fertilizer on sun-dried Tian Lixian, then deep ploughing and rotary tillage are carried out, the carriage surface is flattened, and drainage ditches are opened; before sowing, a ground fabric sunshade net is paved on the carriage surface, but holes are reserved on the ground fabric sunshade net at the position of each sowing ditch; when sowing, the consistency of the single seed, the depth of the sowing ditch and the thickness of the covering soil is controlled; after sowing, fertilizer is applied regularly: applying 30 jin of urea as a wax fertilizer to each mu at the end of one month, applying 50 jin of high-nitrogen high-potassium compound fertilizer to each mu at the end of two months, and applying 50 jin of Gao Dangao potassium compound fertilizer to each mu before and after Qing in the last ten days of four months; knotting the overground parts of allium chinense before harvesting, and removing the ground fabric sunshade net; the method is realized by the following main steps:
(1) Land preparation: selecting a field with fertile soil, strong water and fertilizer retention, convenient irrigation and drainage and gentle topography for planting; after harvesting rice, cleaning rice straw and weeds, and sun-drying the field; uniformly spreading plant ash or straw powder and potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, wherein the adding amount of the plant ash or straw powder is 10-30 kg/mu, and the length of the straw powder in the plant ash or straw powder is controlled to be 0.2-0.8 cm; the adding amount of the potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is 50-80 jin/mu; then deep ploughing and rotary field, wherein the depth of deep ploughing is 30-60cm, and soil fine crushing, compartment surface leveling, plant ash or straw ash and soil uniform mixing are realized during rotary field; then digging a surrounding ditch, a middle ditch and a waist ditch;
(2) Seed selection and classification: selecting disease-free, insect-free and mildew-free seeds, and sowing the seeds in a grading manner according to large, medium and small seeds, wherein the weight of each seed is preferably 7-10 g of seeds, and the dry seeds are 300-400 jin per mu;
(3) Seed soaking and insect killing: seed soaking and disinfestation are carried out according to a conventional method; fishing out, airing and waiting for sowing;
(4) Sowing: the sowing time is from the late october to the early october, the sowing row spacing is 25cm, the plant spacing is 8-10cm, and the sowing time is ensured: the depth of the sowing grooves is consistent, the depth of the sowing grooves is 10cm, the thickness of the covering soil is consistent, the thickness of the covering soil is 3-4cm, the size of seeds is consistent, and the seeds are required to be laid horizontally;
(5) And (3) field management: after sowing, the soil is required to be moist so as to facilitate rooting, sprouting and early emergence of allium chinense; applying 30 jin of urea as a wax fertilizer to each mu at the end of one month, applying 50 jin of high-nitrogen high-potassium compound fertilizer to each mu at the end of two months, and applying 50 jin of Gao Dangao potassium compound fertilizer to each mu before and after Qing in the last ten days of four months;
(6) Timely harvesting: knotting the overground parts of allium chinense before harvesting, and removing the ground fabric sunshade net; the commodity fruits are harvested from the middle and late 6 months to the summer season;
the harvesting steps of the novel method for cultivating the allium chinense are completed through allium chinense harvesting equipment; the allium chinense harvesting equipment comprises a frame and four travelling wheels which are in rectangular distribution, wherein a door-shaped mounting frame is fixed between the two travelling wheels at the bottom of the front end of the frame and positioned at the front side through a plurality of vertical connecting rods, the opening direction of the door-shaped mounting frame is parallel to the travelling direction of the travelling wheels, vertical guide grooves are formed in the left side wall and the right side wall of the door-shaped mounting frame, two ends of a rotating shaft respectively penetrate through the two vertical guide grooves, one end of the rotating shaft is fixed on the telescopic rod end of one lifting hydraulic cylinder through a bearing, and the other end of the rotating shaft is fixedly connected with a rotating motor after penetrating through a bearing seat fixed on the telescopic rod end of the other lifting hydraulic cylinder; the cylinder barrels of the two lifting hydraulic cylinders are fixed at the corresponding positions of the frame, and the telescopic rods of the two lifting hydraulic cylinders extend in the vertical direction; a plurality of net-type twisted leaves are uniformly distributed on the rotating shaft along the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft, the whole twisted leaves are arc-shaped, and the free end of each twisted leaf is fixedly connected with a tip; the front side of the door-type mounting frame is hinged with the rear end of a ground cutting knife, the top of the ground cutting knife is hinged with a telescopic hydraulic cylinder respectively close to the left side and the right side of the front end, and cylinder barrels of the two telescopic hydraulic cylinders are hinged on the corresponding parts of the door-type mounting frame; a centralized hopper is fixedly connected in the door-shaped mounting frame and positioned behind the rotating shaft; a temporary storage net box with an opening at the top is detachably connected to the bottom of the frame, a rubbing board is arranged in the temporary storage net box, and a rubber rubbing pad is fixedly connected to the bottom of the rubbing board; the bottom end of a lifting machine is arranged in the centralized hopper, and the high end is arranged above the temporary storage net cage; the temporary storage net cage consists of a cylindrical side wall and a net bottom, wherein the cylindrical side wall is divided into an upper section and a lower section, the upper section is a non-hole wall, and the lower section is a net hole wall; an outer cover is fixedly welded on the periphery of the temporary storage net box, the bottom of the outer cover is fixedly welded with the bottom of the cylindrical side wall of the temporary storage net box, the inner side of the top of the outer cover is fixedly welded with the outer side of the top of the cylindrical side wall of the temporary storage net box, and a sealed air storage chamber is formed between the temporary storage net box and the outer cover; a connecting pipe orifice communicated with the air storage chamber is fixedly connected to one side of the outer cover, and the connecting pipe orifice is connected with the blower through an air supply hose.
2. The new allium chinense cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the rubbing boards are round and at least one rubbing board is designed, the top of each rubbing board is fixedly connected with another rotating motor, the top of each rotating motor is fixedly connected with another lifting hydraulic cylinder, the telescopic rod of each lifting hydraulic cylinder extends in the vertical direction, and the cylinder barrel is fixedly connected to the frame.
3. The new cultivation method of allium chinense according to claim 1, wherein the tip of each cutter blade is fixedly connected to the free end of the corresponding cutter blade and the tip is made of rubber material and the cutter blade is made of stainless steel material.
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