CN107251701A - A kind of garlic digging harvester - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a garlic harvester. It includes the harvesting operation system and the travel system that drives the harvest operation system. The harvest operation system includes a frame. One end of the frame is connected to the travel system, and the other end is equipped with a depth-limiting wheel. On the frame, the direction from the depth-limiting wheel to the travel system is in sequence It is equipped with a garlic stem cutting mechanism, a digging shovel, a soil removing mechanism and a harvesting box. The invention is provided with a garlic stalk removal mechanism between the digging shovels, which can cut the garlic stalks and throw them out in a row in the garlic field, so as to facilitate the collection and reprocessing of the garlic stalks. The soil removal device of the present invention is simple in structure, easy to implement, and will not cause interference or meaningless vibration to other components, and can make the excavating shovel have a longer service life, thereby ensuring efficient, stable and continuous operation of the present invention.

Description

A kind of garlic harvester

technical field

The invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a garlic harvester.

Background technique

my country is the world's largest producer, consumer and exporter of garlic, with an annual planting area of 9 million mu and an output of about 10 million tons, accounting for 75% of the world's output, involving more than 5 million garlic farmers. At present, garlic harvesting in my country mainly relies on manual work, which has high labor intensity, takes up a lot of farming hours, strong seasonality, and low efficiency. It has become a major problem affecting the development of garlic production and industrial growth. Fully automatic garlic harvesting machines are the key to the development of the garlic planting industry. The inevitable trend.

However, there are several difficulties in automatic machinery harvesting garlic, one is the attached soil attached to the garlic after the garlic is dug out in large quantities by digging shovels, and the other is the treatment of useless garlic stalks on the ground.

If the attached soil cannot be returned to the field in time but enters the harvest box together with the heads of garlic, although the heads of garlic can be collected quickly, this method still requires a large amount of manual work to remove the soil from the heads of garlic on the one hand. On the other hand, the introduction of attached soil leads to a larger capacity of the harvest box, and the corresponding harvester produces more energy loss. Moreover, it is easy to cause serious loss of the loose and air-permeable sandy soil layer on the land surface, which is not conducive to the sustainable development of the garlic planting industry. In the prior art, there is a garlic harvester that removes the attached soil on the garlic through a vibrating sieve. The attached soil can be removed through the collision between the garlic and the garlic and the inner wall of the vibrating sieve, but in practical applications due to vibration The screen structure is complex and the failure rate is high. In order to ensure a good soil removal effect, the vibrating screen must maintain a high vibration frequency and amplitude, which is easy to drive the excavation shovel and other components on the harvester to resonate, so that the excavation shovel cannot perform digging operations smoothly, and is prone to wear and even curling, affecting Harvest efficiency. The constant collision of the garlic in the vibrating sieve is also likely to cause extrusion damage to the fresh garlic, which is not conducive to storage and sales.

The garlic stems of garlic should generally be cut off before receiving the goods, otherwise it is easy to get entangled with the operating mechanism of the garlic harvester and cause malfunction. Although the garlic harvester in the prior art has a variety of functions for cutting garlic stalks, it is often thrown as soon as it is cut. The cut garlic stalks are scattered in the garlic field in a random manner, which may still cause entanglement and blockage to the harvester. , and it is also inconvenient to collect and reprocess the garlic stalks after the garlic harvest is completed.

Contents of the invention

The invention aims to provide a garlic harvester with a high degree of automation, effective removal of soil from garlic heads and keeping them intact, thorough cleaning of garlic stalks and convenience for subsequent collection.

In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a garlic harvester, characterized in that: it includes a harvesting operation system and a traveling system that pushes the harvesting operation system to advance, the harvesting operation system includes a frame, one end of the frame is connected to the The travel system is connected, and the other end is provided with a depth-limiting wheel. On the frame, from the depth-limiting wheel to the direction of the travel system, a garlic stem cutting mechanism, an excavating shovel, a soil removal mechanism and a harvesting box are arranged in sequence.

Preferably, the garlic stalk cutting mechanism includes a knife shaft and a screw conveyor arranged in parallel, and a plurality of knives are arranged at intervals on the knife shaft to cut off the garlic stalks by rotating the knife shaft and throw the cut garlic stalks to the screw conveyor. The upper part of the shell of the screw conveyor is axially provided with an opening for receiving the garlic stalk and a guide plate for assisting the garlic stalk to enter the opening. An opening for throwing garlic stalks onto the ground.

Preferably, the cross-section of the cutter shaft is a regular polygon, and a cutting knife is fitted along the length direction of the cutter shaft on each side of the cutter shaft, and the blades of all the cutting knives are parallel to the central axis of the cutter shaft , and the cutting direction is set in the same direction along the circumference of the cutter shaft. .

Preferably, the digging shovel is obliquely fixed at the bottom of the frame, and the soil removal mechanism includes a first grille plate and a second grille plate that are sequentially connected behind the digging shovel along the working direction of the harvester and arranged obliquely from front to back , the grid direction on the first grid plate is parallel to the digging direction of the digging shovel, the grid direction on the second grid plate is perpendicular to the digging direction of the digging shovel, and is located above the second grid plate on the frame A belt conveyor parallel to the second grid plate is provided, and the conveyor belt of the belt conveyor is equipped with a grid for cooperating with the grid on the second grid plate to crush the attached soil on the garlic and pass it by the second grid. Crushed soil elements falling from the grid.

Preferably, the soil breaking elements are a plurality of finger-shaped rubber rods fixed on the conveyor belt at intervals.

Preferably, the harvest box is arranged on the frame below the second grid plate, and the opening of the harvest box for receiving the garlic is located at the end of the conveying direction of the belt conveyor; the harvest box is located at the bottom of the second grid plate. A side plate is arranged obliquely and forms a soil slide plate for the crushed soil falling from the second grid plate to slide to the bottom surface.

Preferably, the travel system includes a car body, an engine and a reducer connected to the engine are arranged above the car body, and crawler wheels connected with the reducer through a transmission belt are arranged below the car body.

Preferably, the cutter shaft, the screw conveyor and the belt conveyor are all driven by an intermediate shaft arranged on the frame through a sprocket structure, and the intermediate shaft and the output shaft of the reducer are connected through a sprocket structure.

Preferably, an upper cantilever and a lower cantilever are arranged at one end of the frame close to the traveling system, one end of the upper cantilever is fixedly connected to one end of the lower cantilever, the other end of the lower cantilever is hinged to the vehicle body, and the other end of the upper cantilever is hinged on a The telescopic end of the hydraulic cylinder, the cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder is hinged with the vehicle body.

Preferably, the upper cantilever is L-shaped, the lower cantilever is fixed at one end of the upper cantilever close to the frame, and a boss for hinged connection with the lower cantilever is provided on the vehicle body.

Beneficial effect

The invention is provided with a garlic stem removal mechanism before the digging shovel, the garlic stems can be cut off by the cutter on the cutter shaft and thrown into the screw conveyor, and the garlic stems are thrown out in a row by the screw conveyor in the garlic field, which is convenient for The collection and reprocessing of garlic stalks reduces labor intensity and mechanical failure caused by garlic stalk winding.

The soil removal device of the present invention comprises two stages of grating plates, one of which is used to return most of the soil brought out by the excavating shovel to the land, and the other grating plate can cooperate with the crushing elements on the belt conveyor to pass through the crushing The soil element kneads and rubs the garlic with the grid on the grid plate, and removes the attached soil on the garlic by means of human bionics and returns it to the field. The process of removing the soil is not easy to cause damage to the fresh garlic, which is different from the existing technology. Compared with the advanced garlic harvester, it is more effective in maintaining the edible value and economic value of garlic. The soil removal device of the present invention is simple in structure, easy to implement, and will not cause interference or meaningless vibration to other components, and can make the excavating shovel have a longer service life, thereby ensuring efficient, stable and continuous operation of the present invention.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a sectional view of the cutter shaft part of the present invention;

Marks in the figure: 1, frame, 2, depth-limiting wheel, 3, garlic stem cutting device, 301, cutter shaft, 302, screw conveyor, 303, cutter, 304, guide plate, 4, excavating shovel, 5, Soil removing mechanism, 501, first grid plate, 502, second grid plate, 503, belt conveyor, 506, soil crushing element, 6, harvest box, 601, soil sliding plate, 7, car body, 8 , engine, 9, reducer, 10, track wheel, 11, intermediate shaft, 12, upper cantilever, 13, lower cantilever, 14, hydraulic cylinder.

detailed description

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, a garlic harvester of the present invention includes a harvesting operation system and a traveling system that pushes the harvesting operation system forward. Garlic mining, garlic excavation, removal of garlic attached soil, return of attached soil to the field, and garlic collection.

The harvesting operation system of the present invention includes a frame 1, one end of the frame 1 is connected with the traveling system, and the other end is provided with a depth-limiting wheel 2, and a garlic stem cutting mechanism is sequentially provided on the frame 1 from the depth-limiting wheel 2 to the direction of the traveling system 3. Digging shovel 4, soil removal mechanism 5 and harvesting box 6. The depth-limiting wheel 2 is used as a ground wheel, so that the harvesting operation system can advance in the garlic field through the thrust of the traveling system, and the inclination angle between the frame 1 and the ground can be adjusted through the height adjustment of the depth-limiting wheel 2, thereby According to the depth of the garlic in the garlic field and the height of the garlic stalk, the depth of the digging shovel 4 shoveled into the field and the height of the garlic stalk cutting mechanism 3 cutting positions are adjusted.

The garlic stem cutting mechanism 3 includes a knife shaft 301 and a screw conveyor 302 that are perpendicular to the traveling direction of the present invention and arranged parallel to each other. The two ends of the cutter shaft 301 and the main shaft of the screw conveyor 302 are respectively rotatably arranged in the bearing seat on the side plate of the frame 1 . The cross-section of the cutter shaft 301 in this embodiment is a square, and it can also be other regular polygons. On each side of the cutter shaft 301, a cutting knife 303 is fitted along the length direction of the cutter shaft 301. All the cutting knives The blade portion of 303 is arranged on the outside of the corresponding side in turn, and the paddle shape formed by four cutting knives 303 can cut off the garlic stalks by the rotation of the knife shaft 301, and throw the cut garlic stalks on the screw conveyor 302. The upper part of the shell of the screw conveyor 302 is axially provided with an opening for receiving the garlic stalks. In order to further ensure that the garlic stalks enter the screw conveyor 302 accurately through the opening, an auxiliary arc-shaped opening is provided at the opening. guide plate 304 . After the garlic stalks enter the screw conveyor 302, they are conveyed by the spiral blades on the main shaft and discharged from the discharge port. At the end of the screw conveyor 302 on the side plate of the frame 1, there is a device for throwing the garlic stalks onto the ground. opening. The garlic stalk cutting mechanism 3 can throw the garlic stalks neatly in a row in the garlic field during the continuous advancing process of the present invention, which is convenient for subsequent collection and centralized processing, and saves manpower and material resources. In order to further facilitate the collection of garlic stalks, an open garlic stalk collection bin can also be connected on the frame 1 to advance together with the harvesting operation system.

Digging shovel 4 is obliquely fixed on the bottom of frame 1 and remains perpendicular to the direction of travel of the present invention, and the angle between digging shovel 4 and the ground remains at 10°-30°, which is used for inserting into the ground during the advancement of the present invention, and With the continuation of the present invention, garlic and attached soil are guided to the rear of the digging shovel 4 along the digging shovel 4 upper surface.

The soil removal mechanism 5 is arranged behind the digging shovel 4, and is used to receive garlic and attached soil, and separate the attached soil from the garlic to return to the field. A grid plate 501 , a second grid plate 502 connected to the rear end of the first grid plate 501 , and a belt conveyor 503 arranged on the frame 1 above the second grid plate 502 . The grid direction on the first grid plate 501 is parallel to the digging direction of the digging shovel, the grid spacing is set at 20-30 mm, and the inclination angle is the same as that of the digging shovel 4 . The grid direction on the second grid plate 502 is perpendicular to the digging direction of the digging shovel, the grid spacing is set at 15-20 mm, and the inclination angle is slightly larger than the digging shovel 4 inclination angle. The conveying direction of belt conveyor 503 remains parallel with the second grating plate 502 and is provided with on the conveyer belt and is used for cooperating with the grid on the second grating plate 502 to crush the attached soil on the head of garlic and be crushed by the second grid plate. The earth breaking element 504 falling on the grid plate 502 . During the continuous traveling operation of the present invention, the garlic and attached soil dug out by the excavating shovel 4 first pass through the first grid plate 501, and most of the loose attached soil can pass through the grids with larger spacing on the first grid plate. The grid falls and returns to the field. Garlic with a small amount of tightly attached soil and large pieces of soil enter the second grid plate 502, and are transported towards the rear end of the second grid plate 502 under the action of the soil breaking element 504. During the transport process, The cloves of garlic and large pieces of soil are moved by the soil crushing unit and rub against the grid on the second grid plate 502, breaking up the tightly attached soil on the clove of garlic and falling into the ground through the gap of the grid for returning to the field. The soil breaking elements 504 in this embodiment are multiple finger-shaped rubber rods fixed on the conveyor belt at intervals. The distance between the end of the rubber rod and the second grid plate is set at about 10mm, which is smaller than the diameter of the head of garlic. Through the means of human bionics, it can efficiently remove the tight bond on the head of garlic without causing mechanical damage to the head of garlic. attached soil. The arrangement of multiple rubber rods can make the garlic with attached soil move between the moving multiple rubber plates and the fixed second grid plate 502 as follows: the garlic is moved by a rubber rod Turning over occurs, the grid of the second grid plate 502 on one side rubs against each other, and part of the attached soil is broken and returned to the field through the grid; the garlic is separated from the toggle control of the rubber rod, and remains relatively stationary with the second grid plate. Along with the continuous motion of belt conveyor 503, soon there is next rubber rod to move to this head of garlic, make another side of head of garlic rub against second grating plate 502, through repeatedly rubbing, play good effect. Soil removal effect. And because the rubber rod has both good elasticity and toughness, it will not cause mechanical damage to the fresh garlic, and it is wear-resistant and not easily deformed, so it can maintain the long-term continuous and stable operation of the present invention.

The harvest box 6 is arranged on the frame 1 below the second grid plate 502 , and the opening of the harvest box 6 for receiving garlic is located at the end of the belt conveyor 503 in the conveying direction. The harvest box 6 is positioned at a side plate directly below the second grid plate 502 to be inclined, and forms a soil slide plate 601 for the crushed soil falling on the second grid plate 502 to slide to the bottom surface.

The travel system of the present invention includes a car body 7, an engine 8 and a corresponding speed reducer 9 are arranged above the car body 7, and crawler wheels 10 driven by the engine 8 and crawler belts are arranged below the car body 7. The cutter shaft 301, the screw conveyor 302 and the belt conveyor 503 are all driven by an intermediate shaft 11 arranged on the frame 1 through a sprocket structure, and the intermediate shaft 11 is driven by the output shaft of the reducer 9 through a sprocket structure. The drive system is simple in structure, reasonable in layout, and does not interfere with each other. All moving parts of the present invention can be driven by one engine 8, which reduces energy consumption and input cost of the present invention.

The harvesting operation system and the traveling system of the present invention are connected through two booms. On the frame 1 of the harvesting operation system, one end close to the traveling system is fixedly connected with an upper boom 12 and a lower boom 13, the other end of the lower boom 13 is hinged with the vehicle body 7, and the other end of the upper boom 12 is hinged on a hydraulic cylinder 14 telescopic end, the cylinder body of hydraulic cylinder 14 is hinged with car body 7. The upper cantilever is L-shaped, the lower cantilever is fixed on the end of the upper cantilever close to the frame, and the car body is provided with a boss for being hinged with the lower cantilever. The inclination angle between the frame 1 and the ground can be adjusted by adjusting the stretching amount of the telescopic end of the hydraulic cylinder 14, so as to adjust the depth of the digging shovel 4 into the field and the garlic stem cutting mechanism according to the depth of the garlic in the garlic field and the height of the garlic stem 3 The height of the cutting rod.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of garlic digging harvester, it is characterised in that：Including harvest operation system and the row for promoting harvest operation system to advance Enter system, harvest operation system includes frame（1）, frame（1）One end be connected with advance system, the other end be provided with gauge wheel （2）, in frame（1）On by gauge wheel（2）Garlic bar excision mechanism is sequentially provided with to advance system direction（3）, digger blade（4）, go Native mechanism（5）And harvest case（6）.

2. a kind of garlic digging harvester according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The garlic bar cuts off mechanism（3）Including flat The cutter shaft that row is set（301）And conveying worm（302）, in cutter shaft（301）On be arranged at intervals with many handles be used for pass through cutter shaft （301）Garlic bar is cut off and the garlic bar of cut-out is thrown into conveying worm by rotation（302）Cutter（303）, the helical feed Machine（302）Housing upper offer opening for receiving garlic bar vertically and for aiding in garlic bar to enter leading for the opening To plate（304）, in frame（1）It is upper to be located at conveying worm（302）Conveying end be provided be used for garlic bar is shed to ground Opening.

3. a kind of garlic digging harvester according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The cutter shaft（301）Cross section for just Polygon, in cutter shaft（301）Each side it is upper along cutter shaft（301）Length direction laminating be provided with cutter（303）, institute There is cutter（303）Blade and cutter shaft（301）Axis it is parallel, and cut direction is along cutter shaft（301）It is circumferential in the same direction Set.

4. a kind of garlic digging harvester according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The digger blade（4）Inclination is fixed on machine Frame（1）Bottom, the Qu Tu mechanisms（5）Including being connected to digger blade in turn along harvest machine operation direct of travel（4）Rear and from Before tilt backwards the first flase floor of setting（501）And second flase floor（502）, the first flase floor（501）On grid side To digger blade（4）Excavation direction it is parallel, the second flase floor（502）On grid direction and digger blade（4）Excavation direction It is perpendicular, in frame（1）It is upper to be located at the second flase floor（502）Top be provided with parallel to the second flase floor（502）Belt it is defeated Send machine（503）, ribbon conveyer（503）Conveyer belt be provided be used for and the second flase floor（502）On grid coordinate garlic Attachment soil on head rubs broken and by the second flase floor（502）On the hack element that falls（504）.

5. a kind of garlic digging harvester according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：The hack element（504）Between many Every fixed finger-type rubber bar on the conveyor belt.

6. a kind of garlic digging harvester according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：The harvest case（6）It is arranged on frame（1） It is upper to be located at the second flase floor（502）Lower section, harvest case（6）Opening for receiving garlic is located at ribbon conveyer（503）It is defeated Send the end in direction；Harvest case（6）Positioned at the second flase floor（502）One block of side plate of underface is obliquely installed, and is formed and supplied Two flase floors（502）On the hack that falls slide to the sliding native plate of bottom surface（601）.

7. a kind of garlic digging harvester according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：Advance system includes car body（7）, in car body （7）Top is provided with engine（8）And and engine（8）The decelerator of connection（9）, in car body（7）Lower section is provided with and decelerator （9）The Athey wheel connected by transmission belt（10）.

8. a kind of garlic digging harvester according to claim 7, it is characterised in that：The cutter shaft（301）, conveying worm （302）And ribbon conveyer（503）Frame is arranged on by one（1）On jackshaft（11）Driven by chain sprocket structure, The jackshaft（11）With decelerator（9）Output shaft pass through chain sprocket structure transmission chain connect.

9. a kind of garlic digging harvester according to claim 7, it is characterised in that：The frame（1）Close to advance system One end sets upper cantilever（12）And lower cantalever（13）, upper cantilever（12）One end and lower cantalever（13）One end be fixedly connected, it is lower outstanding Arm（13）The other end and car body（7）It is hinged, upper cantilever（12）The other end be hinged on a hydraulic cylinder（14）Telescopic end, Hydraulic cylinder（14）Cylinder cylinder body and car body（7）It is hinged.

10. a kind of garlic digging harvester according to claim 9, it is characterised in that：The upper cantilever（12）It is described for L-shaped Lower cantalever（13）It is fixed on upper cantilever（12）Close to frame（1）One end, in car body（7）It is provided with and is used for and lower cantalever（13） The boss being hinged.