CN113924925A - Breeding method of storage-resistant pumpkin - Google Patents
Breeding method of storage-resistant pumpkin Download PDFInfo
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- 235000015136 pumpkin Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
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- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 40
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- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
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- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 26
- 241000219112 Cucumis Species 0.000 claims description 22
- 235000015510 Cucumis melo subsp melo Nutrition 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 12
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Abstract
The invention discloses a breeding method of a storage-resistant pumpkin, which comprises the following specific steps: seed treatment; preparing nutrient soil; seedling stage management: regulating and controlling the bed temperature after sowing to promote seedling emergence, removing mulch and other coverings when the rate of emergence reaches 70%, hardening seedlings 7 days before field planting, and transplanting after the seedlings are 20-25 days old; land preparation: land preparation is combined with ploughing, 2500-3000 kg of high-quality organic fertilizer, 30kg of ternary compound fertilizer, deep furrow with high furrow width of 3-3.5 m are applied to each mu, 1 row of the plants are planted in each furrow, and mulching films are covered in the first week of transplanting; planting: covering a mulching film during field planting, excavating field planting holes according to the plant spacing of 0.4-0.5 m, planting 400-600 plants per mu, watering and reviving the seedlings in time after field planting, and covering a small arched shed for heat preservation; field management: and topdressing is carried out twice during the growth and development period. The method has the advantages of accurately and effectively regulating and controlling the temperature in the breeding process of the pumpkin, enabling the cultivation process of the pumpkin to be always in the optimal state and improving the retention of nutrient substances of the pumpkin individuals.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation, in particular to a breeding method of a storage-resistant pumpkin.
Background
Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo l. var. medullosa Alef.) also called golden pumpkin, stir-melon, zizania latifolia and noodle melon is a variety of cucurbitaceae Cucurbita pepo l, also called zucchini, and is named because the skin of the mature melon is golden yellow. The pumpkin is cultivated in the European and American areas and the southeast Asia areas (countries such as India and Japan), but the area is very small, and some areas are only preserved as a rare variety. The pumpkin is cultivated in Hubei, Anhui, Shandong and other places in China. According to records that the cultivation of Chongming island pumpkin in Shanghai city has a history of over 400 years, the annual planting area is about 1500hm2, the Chongming island pumpkin is the largest pumpkin centralized production base in China, is used as the traditional characteristic vegetable variety in Chongming county, is protected by agricultural product geographical sign products in Ministry of agriculture in 2014, is one of effective ways for regulating the structure of Chongming agricultural industry, improving the efficiency of agriculture and increasing income of farmers, and is also one of the main agricultural product types for creating foreign exchange in the processing export of Chongming county at present.
The Chongming pumpkin has a peak period from 6 late ten days to 8 early months, is in a high-temperature and rainy season in the Shanghai, and has the advantages of extremely vigorous physiological metabolism, large nutrition loss and high weight loss rate after harvesting, so that the peel is suberized, the shredded melon is shriveled, and the eating quality is seriously reduced; the pumpkin is stored at normal temperature mostly by adopting an indoor stacking or shelf storage mode, although the storage period is longer, the pumpkin is easy to rot, the rotten melon rate can reach 70% -100% seriously, and the loss is larger, so that the improvement of the pumpkin storage tolerance is an urgent need for the development of the pumpkin storage, preservation and processing industry and is also one of the main directions of breeding and directional cultivation. The important factors influencing the storage resistance of the pumpkin also have important influence on the breeding and cultivating process of the pumpkin before collection besides the storage environment, the temperature and the humidity and other post-collection factors, and the pumpkin is separated from the supply of parent nutrient substances and is deficient after collection, the nutrient substances are continuously lost, the fruit hydrolase activity is enhanced, and the water loss and the weight loss are continuously carried out, so the mature quality of the pumpkin fruit is the important factor of the storage resistance of the pumpkin. However, the existing breeding method has high cost and low yield, and is difficult to meet the market demand.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a breeding method of a storage-resistant pumpkin, which has the advantages of accurately and effectively regulating and controlling the temperature of the pumpkin cultivation process, enabling the pumpkin cultivation process to be always in the optimal state, improving the retention of nutrient substances of pumpkin individuals and facilitating the storage after the pumpkin is picked.
The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a breeding method of a storage-resistant pumpkin comprises the following steps:
(1) seed treatment: soaking seeds in warm water at 50-55 ℃, and soaking for 1-2 h when cooling to 30 ℃. Rinsing with clear water for 2 times, taking out and draining;
(2) preparing nutrient soil: the nutrient soil is obtained by mixing bed soil and organic fertilizer, adding calcium superphosphate into the nutrient soil, covering and stacking the mixture by using a film for one week, then manufacturing bowls, watering the soles of the bowls one day before sowing, sowing one seed in each nutrient bowl, covering fine soil and then covering a mulching film in time;
(3) seedling stage management: regulating and controlling the bed temperature after sowing to promote seedling emergence, removing mulch and other coverings when the rate of emergence reaches 70%, hardening seedlings 7 days before field planting, and transplanting after the seedlings are 20-25 days old;
(4) land preparation: land preparation is combined with ploughing, 2500-3000 kg of high-quality organic fertilizer, 30kg of ternary compound fertilizer, deep furrow with high furrow width of 3-3.5 m are applied to each mu, 1 row of the plants are planted in each furrow, and mulching films are covered in the first week of transplanting;
(5) planting: covering a mulching film during field planting, excavating field planting holes according to the plant spacing of 0.4-0.5 m, planting 400-600 plants per mu, watering and reviving the seedlings in time after field planting, and covering a small arched shed for heat preservation;
(6) field management: regulating the root temperature during the growth and development period to promote the growth and topdressing twice; artificial supplementary pollination is carried out when the flowers move forward at nine am; pruning, namely forming melons by using a main vine, timely removing lateral branches, and selecting and reserving 1-2 melons per plant;
(7) harvesting: the surface of the fruit turns from white to yellow, and more than 70% of the tendrils corresponding to the fruit nodes turn yellow and then are harvested.
Further setting: the amount of the calcium superphosphate added in the nutrient soil preparation step is 1KG of calcium superphosphate added in each cubic meter of nutrient soil, and the thickness of fine soil covered after seeds are sowed is 1-1.5 cm.
Further setting: the specific steps of mixing the bed soil and the organic fertilizer in the nutrient soil preparation step are that high-quality loose vegetable garden soil which is not planted with melon vegetables for more than 3 years and rotten farmyard manure are selected, sieved and pressed according to a ratio of 8; 2 and mixing uniformly.
Further setting: in the field management step, the two-time topdressing during the growth and development period is specifically that 5 kg-8 kg of urea is topdressed per mu after field planting and seedling slow-growing once; and after the second time of topdressing, 15kg of urea or 15kg of 45 percent ternary compound fertilizer is topdressed per mu after flowering and fruit setting.
Further setting: the specific steps of regulating and controlling the root temperature in the field management step are as follows:
the root temperature control in one day is divided into four control stages, wherein the first stage is that the root temperature is controlled in the presence of light and the room temperature is lower than an upper limit threshold value, the second stage is that the root temperature is controlled in the presence of light and the room temperature is not lower than the upper limit threshold value, the third stage is that the root temperature is not controlled in the absence of light and the room temperature is higher than a lower limit threshold value, and the fourth stage is that the root temperature is not controlled in the presence of light and the room temperature is not higher than the lower limit threshold value;
acquiring room temperature and illumination intensity, and judging a regulation stage according to the room temperature and the illumination intensity;
adjusting according to a regulation strategy corresponding to a specific regulation stage;
in the first stage and the second stage, the root temperature is regulated through an optimal strategy of nutrient accumulation, and in the third stage and the fourth stage, the root temperature is regulated through an optimal strategy of consumption;
the upper limit threshold is the upper limit value of a preset suitable temperature range for the growth of the pumpkin, and the lower limit threshold is the lower limit value of the preset suitable temperature range for the growth of the pumpkin;
the nutrition accumulation optimal strategy controls the root temperature to be in a first regulation range with the fastest pumpkin photosynthesis rate according to the room temperature and the illumination intensity; and the optimal consumption strategy controls the root temperature to be in a second regulation range with the slowest respiration rate of the pumpkin according to the room temperature.
Further setting: the nutrient accumulation optimal strategy comprises a photosynthesis promotion sub-strategy for regulating the root temperature in the first stage, wherein the regulation of the root temperature by the photosynthesis promotion sub-strategy specifically comprises the following steps:
obtaining room temperature and root temperature;
if the root temperature is lower than the room temperature, adjusting the soil according to the room temperature to keep the root temperature within a first adjustment range;
and if the root temperature is higher than the room temperature, adjusting the soil to keep the root temperature at the upper limit value of a first adjustment range.
Further setting: when the root temperature is lower than the room temperature, the root temperature is positively correlated with the room temperature.
Further setting: the optimal strategy for nutrient accumulation comprises a photosynthetic maintainer strategy for regulating the root temperature in the second stage, wherein the photosynthetic maintainer strategy specifically comprises the following steps: and regulating the soil to keep the root temperature in the lower limit value of the first regulation range all the time.
Further setting: the optimal consumption strategy comprises a consumption inhibition sub-strategy for regulating the root temperature in the third stage and a consumption maintenance sub-strategy for regulating the root temperature in the fourth stage, wherein the consumption inhibition sub-strategy regulates the soil to control the root temperature to be kept at the lower limit value of a second regulation range; and the consumption maintenance sub-strategy regulates the soil to control the root temperature to be kept at the upper limit value of a second regulation range.
Further setting: the regulation and control of the bed temperature in the seedling stage management step specifically comprises the following steps: keeping the bed temperature at 25-30 ℃ in the daytime and 20 ℃ at night.
In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the seed soaking treatment before seed sowing and the configuration of the corresponding nutrient soil guarantee the survival rate of seeds, the quality of seed growth and development is improved, the bed temperature is regulated and controlled after seed sowing to promote seedling emergence, the pumpkin is always in the most excellent growth environment in the production process, when sufficient illumination is provided for photosynthesis, the root temperature of a plant is regulated according to the room temperature, so that the activity of enzymes and microorganisms in soil is promoted by utilizing the sensitivity of the root temperature, the respiration of a root system is enhanced to promote the pumpkin to carry out photosynthesis and accumulate nutrients, when photosynthesis can not be carried out, the respiration of the pumpkin is inhibited by regulating the root temperature to reduce the consumption of the pumpkin on the nutrients, a large amount of nutrients are accumulated, and the excellent storage resistance of the pumpkin after being picked is guaranteed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flowchart of root temperature control in example 3.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1:
a breeding method of a storage-resistant pumpkin comprises the following steps:
(1) seed treatment: soaking seeds in warm water at 50-55 ℃, and soaking for 1-2 h when cooling to 30 ℃. Rinsing with clear water for 2 times, taking out and draining;
(2) preparing nutrient soil: the nutrient soil is obtained by mixing bed soil and organic fertilizer, adding calcium superphosphate into the nutrient soil, covering and stacking the mixture by using a film for one week, then manufacturing bowls, watering the soles of the bowls one day before sowing, sowing one seed in each nutrient bowl, covering fine soil and then covering a mulching film in time;
(3) seedling stage management: regulating and controlling the bed temperature after sowing to promote seedling emergence, removing mulch and other coverings when the rate of emergence reaches 70%, hardening seedlings 7 days before field planting, and transplanting after the seedlings are 20-25 days old;
(4) land preparation: land preparation is combined with ploughing, 2500-3000 kg of high-quality organic fertilizer, 30kg of ternary compound fertilizer, deep furrow with high furrow width of 3-3.5 m are applied to each mu, 1 row of the plants are planted in each furrow, and mulching films are covered in the first week of transplanting;
(5) planting: covering a mulching film during field planting, excavating field planting holes according to the plant spacing of 0.4-0.5 m, planting 400-600 plants per mu, watering and reviving the seedlings in time after field planting, and covering a small arched shed for heat preservation;
(6) field management: regulating the root temperature during the growth and development period to promote the growth and topdressing twice; artificial supplementary pollination is carried out when the flowers move forward at nine am; pruning, namely forming melons by using a main vine, timely removing lateral branches, and selecting and reserving 1-2 melons per plant;
(7) harvesting: the surface of the fruit turns from white to yellow, and more than 70% of the tendrils corresponding to the fruit nodes turn yellow and then are harvested.
The seed soaking treatment before seed sowing and the configuration of the corresponding nutrient soil ensure the survival rate of the seeds, improve the growth and development quality of the seeds, and regulate and control the bed temperature after the seed sowing to promote the seedling emergence.
Example 2:
a breeding method of a storage-resistant pumpkin comprises the following steps:
(1) seed treatment: soaking seeds in warm water at 50-55 ℃, and soaking for 1-2 h when cooling to 30 ℃. Rinsing with clear water for 2 times, taking out and draining;
(2) preparing nutrient soil: the nutrient soil is obtained by mixing bed soil and organic fertilizer, adding calcium superphosphate into the nutrient soil, covering and stacking the mixture by using a film for one week, then manufacturing bowls, watering the soles of the bowls one day before sowing, sowing one seed in each nutrient bowl, covering fine soil and then covering a mulching film in time;
(3) seedling stage management: regulating and controlling the bed temperature after sowing to promote seedling emergence, removing mulch and other coverings when the rate of emergence reaches 70%, hardening seedlings 7 days before field planting, and transplanting after the seedlings are 20-25 days old;
(4) land preparation: land preparation is combined with ploughing, 2500-3000 kg of high-quality organic fertilizer, 30kg of ternary compound fertilizer, deep furrow with high furrow width of 3-3.5 m are applied to each mu, 1 row of the plants are planted in each furrow, and mulching films are covered in the first week of transplanting;
(5) planting: covering a mulching film during field planting, excavating field planting holes according to the plant spacing of 0.4-0.5 m, planting 400-600 plants per mu, watering and reviving the seedlings in time after field planting, and covering a small arched shed for heat preservation;
(6) field management: regulating the root temperature during the growth and development period to promote the growth and topdressing twice; artificial supplementary pollination is carried out when the flowers move forward at nine am; pruning, namely forming melons by using a main vine, timely removing lateral branches, and selecting and reserving 1-2 melons per plant;
(7) harvesting: the surface of the fruit turns from white to yellow, and more than 70% of the tendrils corresponding to the fruit nodes turn yellow and then are harvested.
The amount of the calcium superphosphate added in the nutrient soil preparation step is 1KG of calcium superphosphate added in each cubic meter of nutrient soil, and the thickness of fine soil covered after seeds are sowed is 1-1.5 cm.
The specific steps of mixing the bed soil and the organic fertilizer in the nutrient soil preparation step are that high-quality loose vegetable garden soil which is not planted with melon vegetables for more than 3 years and rotten farmyard manure are selected, sieved and pressed according to a ratio of 8; 2 and mixing uniformly.
In the field management step, the two-time topdressing during the growth and development period is specifically that 5 kg-8 kg of urea is topdressed per mu after field planting and seedling slow-growing once; and after the second time of topdressing, 15kg of urea or 15kg of 45 percent ternary compound fertilizer is topdressed per mu after flowering and fruit setting. The regulation and control of the bed temperature in the seedling stage management step specifically comprises the following steps: keeping the bed temperature at 25-30 ℃ in the daytime and 20 ℃ at night.
Example 3:
a breeding method of a storage-resistant pumpkin comprises the following steps:
(1) seed treatment: soaking seeds in warm water at 50-55 ℃, and soaking for 1-2 h when cooling to 30 ℃. Rinsing with clear water for 2 times, taking out and draining;
(2) preparing nutrient soil: the nutrient soil is obtained by mixing bed soil and organic fertilizer, adding calcium superphosphate into the nutrient soil, covering and stacking the mixture by using a film for one week, then manufacturing bowls, watering the soles of the bowls one day before sowing, sowing one seed in each nutrient bowl, covering fine soil and then covering a mulching film in time;
(3) seedling stage management: regulating and controlling the bed temperature after sowing to promote seedling emergence, removing mulch and other coverings when the rate of emergence reaches 70%, hardening seedlings 7 days before field planting, and transplanting after the seedlings are 20-25 days old;
(4) land preparation: land preparation is combined with ploughing, 2500-3000 kg of high-quality organic fertilizer, 30kg of ternary compound fertilizer, deep furrow with high furrow width of 3-3.5 m are applied to each mu, 1 row of the plants are planted in each furrow, and mulching films are covered in the first week of transplanting;
(5) planting: covering a mulching film during field planting, excavating field planting holes according to the plant spacing of 0.4-0.5 m, planting 400-600 plants per mu, watering and reviving the seedlings in time after field planting, and covering a small arched shed for heat preservation;
(6) field management: regulating the root temperature during the growth and development period to promote the growth and topdressing twice; artificial supplementary pollination is carried out when the flowers move forward at nine am; pruning, namely forming melons by using a main vine, timely removing lateral branches, and selecting and reserving 1-2 melons per plant;
(7) harvesting: the surface of the fruit turns from white to yellow, and more than 70% of the tendrils corresponding to the fruit nodes turn yellow and then are harvested.
The amount of the calcium superphosphate added in the nutrient soil preparation step is 1KG of calcium superphosphate added in each cubic meter of nutrient soil, and the thickness of fine soil covered after seeds are sowed is 1-1.5 cm.
The specific steps of mixing the bed soil and the organic fertilizer in the nutrient soil preparation step are that high-quality loose vegetable garden soil which is not planted with melon vegetables for more than 3 years and rotten farmyard manure are selected, sieved and pressed according to a ratio of 8; 2 and mixing uniformly.
In the field management step, the two-time topdressing during the growth and development period is specifically that 5 kg-8 kg of urea is topdressed per mu after field planting and seedling slow-growing once; and after the second time of topdressing, 15kg of urea or 15kg of 45 percent ternary compound fertilizer is topdressed per mu after flowering and fruit setting. The regulation and control of the bed temperature in the seedling stage management step specifically comprises the following steps: keeping the bed temperature at 25-30 ℃ in the daytime and 20 ℃ at night.
As shown in fig. 1, the specific steps of regulating and controlling the root temperature in the field management step are as follows:
the root temperature control in one day is divided into four control stages, wherein the first stage is that the root temperature is controlled in the presence of light and the room temperature is lower than an upper limit threshold value, the second stage is that the root temperature is controlled in the presence of light and the room temperature is not lower than the upper limit threshold value, the third stage is that the root temperature is not controlled in the absence of light and the room temperature is higher than a lower limit threshold value, and the fourth stage is that the root temperature is not controlled in the presence of light and the room temperature is not higher than the lower limit threshold value;
acquiring room temperature and illumination intensity, and judging a regulation stage according to the room temperature and the illumination intensity;
adjusting according to a regulation strategy corresponding to a specific regulation stage;
in the first stage and the second stage, the root temperature is regulated through an optimal strategy of nutrient accumulation, and in the third stage and the fourth stage, the root temperature is regulated through an optimal strategy of consumption;
the upper limit threshold is the upper limit value of a preset suitable temperature range for the growth of the pumpkin, and the lower limit threshold is the lower limit value of the preset suitable temperature range for the growth of the pumpkin;
the nutrition accumulation optimal strategy controls the root temperature to be in a first regulation range with the fastest pumpkin photosynthesis rate according to the room temperature and the illumination intensity; and the optimal consumption strategy controls the root temperature to be in a second regulation range with the slowest respiration rate of the pumpkin according to the room temperature.
The nutrient accumulation optimal strategy comprises a photosynthesis promotion sub-strategy for regulating the root temperature in the first stage, wherein the regulation of the root temperature by the photosynthesis promotion sub-strategy specifically comprises the following steps:
obtaining room temperature and root temperature;
if the root temperature is lower than the room temperature, adjusting the soil according to the room temperature to keep the root temperature within a first adjustment range;
and if the root temperature is higher than the room temperature, adjusting the soil to keep the root temperature at the upper limit value of a first adjustment range.
When the root temperature is lower than the room temperature, the root temperature is positively correlated with the room temperature.
The optimal strategy for nutrient accumulation comprises a photosynthetic maintainer strategy for regulating the root temperature in the second stage, wherein the photosynthetic maintainer strategy specifically comprises the following steps: and regulating the soil to keep the root temperature in the lower limit value of the first regulation range all the time. When the plant is illuminated and the room temperature is equal to or higher than the upper limit threshold, the plant is at the limit temperature of normal production and development, and the normal growth of the plant can be influenced if the temperature is higher, so that the root temperature is controlled at the lower limit value of the first adjusting range, a certain inhibiting effect is carried out on the respiration of the root system, and the accumulation of nutrient substances caused by photosynthesis due to overhigh temperature is avoided.
The optimal consumption strategy comprises a consumption inhibitor strategy for regulating the root temperature in the third stage and a consumption maintenance strategy for regulating the root temperature in the fourth stage, wherein the consumption inhibitor strategy regulates the soil to control the root temperature to be kept at the lower limit value of the second regulation range, and when no illumination exists and photosynthesis can not be carried out, the root temperature of the pumpkin is kept at the lower limit value of the second regulation range, so that the respiration of the plant is inhibited, and the consumption of nutrient substances is reduced; the consumption maintenance sub-strategy regulates and controls the soil, the root temperature is kept at the upper limit value of the second regulation range, and the normal growth and development of the plant can be influenced due to the excessively low temperature, so that the root temperature is increased to be kept at the upper limit value of the second regulation range, and the normal growth of the pumpkin is ensured.
The harvesting method comprises the following steps: during collection, a person who collects the pumpkin seeds needs to wear gloves, the joint of the fruit stem and the melon vine is cut off by scissors, the pumpkin is gently held by hands and placed in a turnover box with a smooth surface and no sharp object, and the pumpkin is stably conveyed to an airing place or a storage place. During the collection, the conveying times and the conveying time are reduced as much as possible, and the skin of the pumpkin is ensured not to be damaged and the stem is ensured not to be broken in the conveying process. Postharvest treatment: (1) and (4) airing, namely after the pumpkin is transported to a sunning ground, erecting the fruit on the sunning ground, and reserving a channel with the width of 50 centimeters every 2 meters. When the fruits are aired, the fruit stalks are upward and obliquely placed to face the sun, so that the color of the surface skin of the fruits is accelerated to turn yellow. The airing time is related to the maturity of the pumpkin: the early fruits are older, can be put in storage after being aired for 2-3 days, and can be harvested at the later stage, particularly the fruits harvested before raining are hit suddenly, wherein the airing time needs to be properly prolonged, and generally needs 5-7 days; the airing time is short in sunny days, the airing time is increased in cloudy days, and rain is avoided in the airing process. (2) Turning over and drying, namely turning over the fruits by 180 degrees in time after the color of the surface of the pumpkin facing to the sunlight is changed. When the fruits grow, the drying time of the fruits on the ground needs to be increased by 1-2 days. (3) The golden melons are directly stored, when the golden melons are collected in rainy seasons, the golden melons are collected at a close time, cannot be aired due to abnormal weather, can directly enter a storage room for storage, but need to be ventilated and transparent in the room.
The above-described embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the above-described embodiments should be included in the protection scope of the technical solution.
Claims (10)
1. A breeding method of a storage-resistant pumpkin is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) seed treatment: soaking seeds in warm water at 50-55 ℃, and soaking for 1-2 h when cooling to 30 ℃. Rinsing with clear water for 2 times, taking out and draining;
(2) preparing nutrient soil: the nutrient soil is obtained by mixing bed soil and organic fertilizer, adding calcium superphosphate into the nutrient soil, covering and stacking the mixture by using a film for one week, then manufacturing bowls, watering the soles of the bowls one day before sowing, sowing one seed in each nutrient bowl, covering fine soil and then covering a mulching film in time;
(3) seedling stage management: regulating and controlling the bed temperature after sowing to promote seedling emergence, removing mulch and other coverings when the rate of emergence reaches 70%, hardening seedlings 7 days before field planting, and transplanting after the seedlings are 20-25 days old;
(4) land preparation: land preparation is combined with ploughing, 2500-3000 kg of high-quality organic fertilizer, 30kg of ternary compound fertilizer, deep furrow with high furrow width of 3-3.5 m are applied to each mu, 1 row of the plants are planted in each furrow, and mulching films are covered in the first week of transplanting;
(5) planting: covering a mulching film during field planting, excavating field planting holes according to the plant spacing of 0.4-0.5 m, planting 400-600 plants per mu, watering and reviving the seedlings in time after field planting, and covering a small arched shed for heat preservation;
(6) field management: regulating the root temperature during the growth and development period to promote the growth and topdressing twice; artificial supplementary pollination is carried out when the flowers move forward at nine am; pruning, namely forming melons by using a main vine, timely removing lateral branches, and selecting and reserving 1-2 melons per plant;
(7) harvesting: the surface of the fruit turns from white to yellow, and more than 70% of the tendrils corresponding to the fruit nodes turn yellow and then are harvested.
2. A breeding method of storage-resistant pumpkin, as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the amount of calcium superphosphate added in said nutrient soil preparation step is 1KG per cubic meter of nutrient soil, and the thickness of fine soil covered after sowing seeds is 1-1.5 cm.
3. A breeding method of a storage-resistant pumpkin, as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, in the nutrient soil preparation step, bed soil and organic fertilizer are mixed, and the specific steps are selecting high-quality loose garden soil with over 3 years of non-melon vegetables and rotten farmyard manure, sieving and pressing 8; 2 and mixing uniformly.
4. A breeding method of the storage-resistant pumpkin, according to claim 1, characterized in that in the field management step, after the field planting and seedling slow growing, the additional fertilization is carried out twice during the growth and development period, specifically, 5kg to 8kg of urea is additionally fertilized per mu after the field planting and seedling slow growing; and after the second time of topdressing, 15kg of urea or 15kg of 45 percent ternary compound fertilizer is topdressed per mu after flowering and fruit setting.
5. A breeding method of storage-resistant pumpkin according to claim 1, characterized in that the root temperature is regulated in the field management step as follows:
the root temperature control in one day is divided into four control stages, wherein the first stage is that the root temperature is controlled in the presence of light and the room temperature is lower than an upper limit threshold value, the second stage is that the root temperature is controlled in the presence of light and the room temperature is not lower than the upper limit threshold value, the third stage is that the root temperature is not controlled in the absence of light and the room temperature is higher than a lower limit threshold value, and the fourth stage is that the root temperature is not controlled in the presence of light and the room temperature is not higher than the lower limit threshold value;
acquiring room temperature and illumination intensity, and judging a regulation stage according to the room temperature and the illumination intensity;
adjusting according to a regulation strategy corresponding to a specific regulation stage;
in the first stage and the second stage, the root temperature is regulated through an optimal strategy of nutrient accumulation, and in the third stage and the fourth stage, the root temperature is regulated through an optimal strategy of consumption;
the upper limit threshold is the upper limit value of a preset suitable temperature range for the growth of the pumpkin, and the lower limit threshold is the lower limit value of the preset suitable temperature range for the growth of the pumpkin;
the nutrition accumulation optimal strategy controls the root temperature to be in a first regulation range with the fastest pumpkin photosynthesis rate according to the room temperature and the illumination intensity; and the optimal consumption strategy controls the root temperature to be in a second regulation range with the slowest respiration rate of the pumpkin according to the room temperature.
6. A breeding method of the storage-resistant pumpkin, as claimed in claim 5, wherein the nutrition accumulation optimization strategy comprises a photosynthesis promoter strategy for regulating root temperature in the first stage, and the regulation of root temperature by the photosynthesis promoter strategy comprises:
obtaining room temperature and root temperature;
if the root temperature is lower than the room temperature, adjusting the soil according to the room temperature to keep the root temperature within a first adjustment range;
and if the root temperature is higher than the room temperature, adjusting the soil to keep the root temperature at the upper limit value of a first adjustment range.
7. A method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the root temperature is positively correlated to the room temperature when the root temperature is lower than the room temperature.
8. A breeding method of the storage-resistant pumpkin, as claimed in claim 5, wherein the nutrition accumulation optimization strategy comprises a photosynthetic maintainer strategy for adjusting the root temperature in the second stage, the photosynthetic maintainer strategy specifically comprises: and regulating the soil to keep the root temperature in the lower limit value of the first regulation range all the time.
9. A breeding method of the storage-resistant pumpkin, according to the claim 5, characterized in that the consumption optimal strategy comprises a consumption inhibitor strategy for regulating the root temperature in the third stage and a consumption maintenance strategy for regulating the root temperature in the fourth stage, the consumption inhibitor strategy regulates the soil and controls the root temperature to be kept at the lower limit value of the second regulation range; and the consumption maintenance sub-strategy regulates the soil to control the root temperature to be kept at the upper limit value of a second regulation range.
10. A breeding method of storage-resistant pumpkin according to claim 1, wherein the step of controlling the bed temperature in the seedling stage management specifically comprises: keeping the bed temperature at 25-30 ℃ in the daytime and 20 ℃ at night.
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