CN113907290A - 一种含茶多酚的鲅鱼馅、制作方法及其制得的鲅鱼馅水饺 - Google Patents
一种含茶多酚的鲅鱼馅、制作方法及其制得的鲅鱼馅水饺 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及食品技术领域,尤其涉及一种含茶多酚的鲅鱼馅、制作方法及其制得的鲅鱼馅水饺。该含茶多酚的鲅鱼馅由以下原料调制而成:鲅鱼肉、茶多酚、海藻酸钠、调味料和水。该含茶多酚的鲅鱼馅通过茶多酚和海藻酸钠用量的合理搭配,鲅鱼馅的均衡调整,不仅延长了鲅鱼水饺的货架期、提升了冷冻稳定性、保持了水饺的鲜度,延缓品质劣变,且解决了现有鲅鱼馅面食制品直接加入茶多酚易导致冷冻过程中面皮变色的缺陷,具有营养健康的功效。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及食品技术领域,尤其涉及一种含茶多酚的鲅鱼馅、制作方法及其制得的鲅鱼馅水饺。
背景技术
面食制品是深受国人喜爱的食品之一。随着生活水平的提高及对饮食健康营养需求的增加,人们对面食制品的需求也不断提升。水饺作为深受国人喜爱的面食制品之一,采用馅料和面皮结合的方式制作,保证了人们在食用面制品的同时,也不乏馅料的美味和营养。
鲅鱼馅水饺是沿海居民经常制作的面食制品,以鲅鱼肉馅为主原料加工制作。鲅鱼肉质细腻,肉多刺少,营养丰富,味道鲜美,经常食用鲅鱼及鲅鱼馅的食用制品可预防贫血、提高免疫力、降血脂。鲅鱼馅水饺面食制品在工业化加工生产过程中,需要冷冻存储,以便于批量生产和销售。因此,在冷冻存储过程中,为保证鲅鱼馅水饺面食制品的风味保持、营养价值不缺失、延长货架期,需要对鲅鱼馅水饺进行馅料的合理搭配。
茶多酚具有良好的营养特性,包括抗肥胖、抗癌、高血压预防、血糖控制和减肥功效,有利于人体健康。现有报道可知,茶多酚可以较好保持水饺中的肉馅鲜度,抑制肌原纤维,延缓肉馅软化、抑制鱼馅冻藏期间的脂质氧化与微生物生长,延缓其腐败进程;并且茶多酚可明显抑制鱼肉冷藏期间K值、TVB-N值,使鱼肉的表面疏水性的升高,较好保持水饺的鲜度,延缓品质劣变。由于水饺的质地和饮食质量在反复冷冻和解冻时可能会显著恶化,因此,添加茶多酚可能会缓解这一现象,提升面皮的冷冻稳定性。然而,在鲅鱼水饺馅料中尝试加入茶多酚后,发现易导致水饺变色,影响了水饺制品的外观,降低了其品质。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种含茶多酚的鲅鱼馅、制作方法及其制得的鲅鱼馅水饺,通过茶多酚和海藻酸钠用量的合理搭配,鲅鱼馅的均衡调整,不仅延长了鲅鱼水饺的货架期、提升了冷冻稳定性、保持了水饺的鲜度,延缓品质劣变,且解决了现有鲅鱼馅面食制品直接加入茶多酚易导致冷冻过程中面皮变色的缺陷,具有营养健康的功效,解决了现有技术中存在的问题。
本发明所采用的技术方案是:
一种含茶多酚的鲅鱼馅,由以下原料调制而成:鲅鱼肉、茶多酚、海藻酸钠、调味料和水。
进一步地,所述的含茶多酚的鲅鱼馅,各原料重量组成为:鲅鱼肉55份、调味料21份、水40份,茶多酚0.165份-1.1份、海藻酸钠0.72份-0.83份。
进一步地,所述调味料包括料酒1.9份、味极鲜酱油1.5份、花生油4份、味精1.5份、胡椒粉0.2份、葱3份、食用盐0.8份、蛋清5份、姜汁0.9份、淀粉2.2份。
本发明还提供了一种制作如前所述的含茶多酚的鲅鱼馅的方法,包括如下操作步骤:
(1)取鲅鱼肉,切段,备用;
(2)将茶多酚溶于一部分水中制得茶多酚溶液,备用;
(3)将海藻酸钠溶于一部分水中制得海藻酸钠溶液,备用;
(4)先取步骤(2)一半用量的茶多酚溶液,涂抹于步骤(1)的鲅鱼肉段表面;冷藏静置2-4h;然后取步骤(3)一半用量的海藻酸钠溶液,继续涂抹于鲅鱼肉段表面,冷藏静置1-2h,备用;
(5)将步骤(4)处理的鲅鱼肉段斩拌、剁成肉糜;一同加入步骤(2)剩余茶多酚溶液和步骤(3)剩余海藻酸钠溶液,搅拌均匀,保鲜膜覆盖后,冷藏静置0.5-1h,备用;
(6)向步骤(5)处理后的鲅鱼肉糜中加入除蛋清和淀粉以外的调味料,搅拌均匀;
(7)向步骤(6)处理的把鱼肉糜中撒入淀粉,搅拌均匀;
(8)取蛋清,搅拌均匀后,加入剩余的水,得蛋清液;分次加入至步骤(7)处理的鲅鱼肉糜中,继续搅拌均匀,即得。
进一步地,步骤(4)茶多酚溶液和海藻酸钠溶液均采用刷体涂刷均匀;步骤(6)所用淀粉为玉米淀粉或红薯淀粉;步骤(8)加水的蛋清液至少分两次加入至鲅鱼肉糜中。
本发明还提供了一种鲅鱼馅水饺,采用如前所制得的含茶多酚的鲅鱼馅制备。
进一步地,所述的鲅鱼馅水饺,采用如下制作方法:
(1)取面粉、食盐和水,和面,制作面皮;
(2)取以下重量份数的原料:面皮10份、鲅鱼馅12-13份;制作水饺;
其中,面粉和食盐用量比采用100:1的重量配比。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明含茶多酚的鲅鱼馅,通过在制作过程中,对鲅鱼肉段及鲅鱼肉糜分别进行两次茶多酚溶液和海藻酸钠溶液的处理,并进行一定的冷藏静置,使茶多酚更充分的与鲅鱼馅贴合和结合,用于后续鲅鱼馅饺子制备后,在饺子冷藏过程中,能够充分锁住馅料内的水分,避免水分的散失,可以较好保持水饺中的肉馅鲜度,抑制肌原纤维,延缓肉馅软化,显著抑制了鲅鱼馅冷藏、冷冻期间的脂质氧化和微生物生长,避免了变质,尤其较好的保护了水饺色泽,避免现有馅料直接加入茶多酚后在冷藏过程中易导致水饺变色、影响观感和口感的缺陷。由于茶多酚自身的影响特性,在提升冷藏水饺品质的过程中,还能够发挥影响保健的功效,对食用者具有抗肥胖、抗癌、高血压预防、血糖控制和减肥功效,有利于人体健康。
具体实施方式
为能清楚说明本方案的技术特点,下面通过具体实施方式,对本发明进行详细阐述。本发明的范围并不限于下述实施例。本领域的专业人员能够理解,在不背离本发明的精神和范围的前提下,可以对本发明进行各种变化和修饰。以下产品所用的原料,均为市售普通商品。
实施例1
一种含茶多酚的鲅鱼馅,由鲅鱼肉、茶多酚、海藻酸钠、调味料和水调制而成。
上述各原料重量组成为:鲅鱼肉55份、调味料21份、水40份,茶多酚0.165份、海藻酸钠0.83份。
上述调味料的重量组成为:料酒1.9份、味极鲜酱油1.5份、花生油4份、味精1.5份、胡椒粉0.2份、葱3份、食用盐0.8份、蛋清5份、姜汁0.9份、淀粉2.2份。
制作如上所述的含茶多酚的鲅鱼馅的方法,包括如下操作步骤:
(1)取上述重量份的鲅鱼肉,切成8cm*5cm左右的肉段,备用;
(2)将上述重量份的茶多酚溶于适量水中制得茶多酚溶液,备用;
(3)将海藻酸钠溶于适量水中制得海藻酸钠溶液,备用;
(4)先取步骤(2)一半用量的茶多酚溶液,涂抹于步骤(1)的鲅鱼肉段表面,涂抹后依旧多出的茶多酚溶液均匀倒至鲅鱼肉段表面;冷藏静置3h;然后取步骤(3)一半用量的海藻酸钠溶液,继续涂抹于鲅鱼肉段表面,涂抹后依旧多出的海藻酸钠溶液均匀倒至鲅鱼肉段表面,冷藏静置1h,备用;
(5)将步骤(4)处理的鲅鱼肉段斩拌、剁成肉糜;一同加入步骤(2)剩余的另一半用量的茶多酚溶液和步骤(3)剩余的另一半用量的海藻酸钠溶液,搅拌均匀,保鲜膜覆盖后,冷藏静置0.5h,备用;
(6)向步骤(5)处理后的鲅鱼肉糜中加入除蛋清和淀粉以外的调味料,搅拌均匀;
(7)向步骤(6)处理的把鱼肉糜中撒入淀粉,搅拌均匀;
(8)取蛋清,搅拌均匀后,加入剩余的水,得蛋清液;分次加入至步骤(7)处理的鲅鱼肉糜中,继续搅拌均匀,即得。
其中,步骤(6)所用淀粉为玉米淀粉;步骤(8)加水的蛋清液至少分两次加入至鲅鱼肉糜中;
步骤(4)和步骤(5)的冷藏温度为1-4℃。
采用如前所制得的含茶多酚的鲅鱼馅制备鲅鱼馅水饺,制作方法如下:
(1)按100:1的重量配比,取面粉、食盐,加温水和面,制作面皮;
(2)取以下重量份数的原料:面皮10份、前述制得的含茶多酚的鲅鱼馅12-13份;制作水饺。
实施例2
该含茶多酚的鲅鱼馅和鲅鱼水饺同实施例1的鲅鱼馅和鲅鱼水饺,所不同的是,鲅鱼馅中茶多酚用量为1.1份、海藻酸钠0.72份。
实施例3
该含茶多酚的鲅鱼馅和鲅鱼水饺同实施例1的鲅鱼馅和鲅鱼水饺,所不同的是,鲅鱼馅中不含有海藻酸钠,茶多酚用量为实施例1中茶多酚和海藻酸钠用量之和。
实施例4
该含茶多酚的鲅鱼馅和鲅鱼水饺同实施例1的鲅鱼馅和鲅鱼水饺,所不同的是,鲅鱼馅中茶多酚用量为0.15份、海藻酸钠0.9份。
实施例5
该含茶多酚的鲅鱼馅和鲅鱼水饺同实施例1的鲅鱼馅和鲅鱼水饺,所不同的是,鲅鱼馅中茶多酚用量为1.2份、海藻酸钠0.9份。
实施例6
该含茶多酚的鲅鱼馅和鲅鱼水饺同实施例1的鲅鱼馅和鲅鱼水饺,所不同的是,含茶多酚的鲅鱼馅的制作方法如下:
(1)取鲅鱼肉,切成8cm*5cm左右的肉段,备用;
(2)将茶多酚溶于适量水中制得茶多酚溶液,备用;
(3)将海藻酸钠溶于适量水中制得海藻酸钠溶液,备用;
(4)取步骤(2)的茶多酚溶液,涂抹于步骤(1)的鲅鱼肉段表面,涂抹后依旧多出的茶多酚溶液均匀倒至鲅鱼肉段表面;冷藏静置3h;然后取步骤(3)的海藻酸钠溶液,继续涂抹于鲅鱼肉段表面,涂抹后依旧多出的海藻酸钠溶液均匀倒至鲅鱼肉段表面,冷藏静置1.5h,备用;
(5)将步骤(4)处理的鲅鱼肉段斩拌、剁成肉糜;保鲜膜覆盖后,冷藏静置0.5h,备用;
(6)向步骤(5)处理后的鲅鱼肉糜中加入除蛋清和淀粉以外的调味料,搅拌均匀;
(7)向步骤(6)处理的把鱼肉糜中撒入淀粉,搅拌均匀;
(8)取蛋清,搅拌均匀后,加入剩余的水,得蛋清液;分次加入至步骤(7)处理的鲅鱼肉糜中,继续搅拌均匀,即得。
实施例7
该含茶多酚的鲅鱼馅和鲅鱼水饺同实施例1的鲅鱼馅和鲅鱼水饺,所不同的是,含茶多酚的鲅鱼馅的制作方法的步骤(4)和步骤(5)中不再进行冷藏处理。
实施例8
该含茶多酚的鲅鱼馅和鲅鱼水饺同实施例1的鲅鱼馅和鲅鱼水饺,所不同的是,含茶多酚的鲅鱼馅的制作方法的步骤(4)和步骤(5)采用如下操作:
(4)先取步骤(2)一半用量的茶多酚溶液,涂抹于步骤(1)的鲅鱼肉段表面;冷藏静置5h;然后取步骤(3)一半用量的海藻酸钠溶液,继续涂抹于鲅鱼肉段表面,冷藏静置3h,备用;
(5)将步骤(4)处理的鲅鱼肉段斩拌、剁成肉糜;一同加入步骤(2)剩余茶多酚溶液和步骤(3)剩余海藻酸钠溶液,搅拌均匀,保鲜膜覆盖后,冷藏静置1.5h,备用。
实施例9
该含茶多酚的鲅鱼馅和鲅鱼水饺同实施例1的鲅鱼馅和鲅鱼水饺,所不同的是,含茶多酚的鲅鱼馅的制作方法的步骤(4)和步骤(5)采用如下操作:
(4)先取步骤(2)一半用量的茶多酚溶液,涂抹于步骤(1)的鲅鱼肉段表面;冷藏静置1h;然后取步骤(3)一半用量的海藻酸钠溶液,继续涂抹于鲅鱼肉段表面,冷藏静置0.5h,备用;
(5)将步骤(4)处理的鲅鱼肉段斩拌、剁成肉糜;一同加入步骤(2)剩余茶多酚溶液和步骤(3)剩余海藻酸钠溶液,搅拌均匀,保鲜膜覆盖后,冷藏静置10min,备用。
实施例10
该含茶多酚的鲅鱼馅和鲅鱼水饺同实施例1的鲅鱼馅和鲅鱼水饺,所不同的是,鲅鱼馅中不含有茶多酚,也不含有海藻酸钠。
鲅鱼馅水饺的品质测定:
将本发明鲅鱼馅水饺制作后,在相同的冷冻温度(-18℃)下进行冷冻储藏,通过冷冻储藏的货架期测定、周期内颜色变化、水分含量及口味评价,进行鲅鱼馅水饺的整体品质测定。
其中,颜色变化指在冷冻储藏过程中,饺子皮颜色白度较最开始新鲜水饺饺子皮白度出现显著变化的周期情况。饺子皮颜色白度采用白度仪测定,白度的显著变化周期标准判断:以波长457nm的白度仪测定,白度由52度提升至38度为标准。
水分含量采用直接干燥法进行冷藏45天后饺子皮中水分含量测定。
口味评价采用感官评价的方法进行,感官评价评分参照如下标准:
冷冻外观:
7-10分:白度好,有弹性,表面光滑;底面有细小裂纹,少量非常希希的颗粒冰晶;无冻裂;
4-6分:白度略有下降,有弹性,表面较光滑;底面有3-5条小裂纹,馅芯不外露;皮的外圈内部有未裂开的小纹;有少量细小颗粒的冰晶,覆盖于饺子馅的凸起处于饺子皮交界处;
3分:白度明显降低,有白色面粉覆盖,整体变脆,饺子皮边缘有易碎的缺口;底部有5条以上裂纹;部分小颗粒冰晶覆盖;有冻裂;
0分:颜色发暗,有白色面粉覆盖,饺子皮变硬变脆,易碎;有破损。
风味:
7-10分:肉质白嫩,有鲅鱼的鲜香,非常新鲜;馅料肉色保有原有色泽
4-6分:肉质新鲜;肉色较原有色泽略有变化;
0-3分:鲅鱼味欠佳,腥味略重,新鲜度一般,馅料色泽变化大。
口感粘性:
7-10分:咀嚼爽口,不粘牙;4-6分:中等;0-3分:咀嚼不爽,粘牙。
韧性:
7-10分:手指按压复原性好,有咬劲;4-6分:中等;0-3分:手指按压复原性差,咬劲差。
煮后外观:
10分:通透不破损,外形完整,褶皱清晰;饱满;
6分:略透明,外形相对完整,褶皱处厚薄不易,捞起或夹持过程中易破损;
3分:不透明,偶有开口而造成捞起或夹持时开裂;
0分:皮薄易开口,捞起或夹持过程中极易破损。
一、品质测定指标之一
表1
由表1可知,本发明添加特定配比组成的茶多酚和海藻酸钠成分的鲅鱼馅水饺,货架期整体略有延长,其中,较不添加茶多酚和海藻酸钠成分的普通鲅鱼馅水饺实施例10,货架期能够延长近2个月;相比只添加茶多酚的鲅鱼馅水饺实施例3,货架期也可延长12天;而在茶多酚和海藻酸钠用量少于或超出本发明的复配用量的情况下,如实施例4和5,货架期受到一定影响,和不添加茶多酚的普通鲅鱼馅水饺货架期基本没有差别。通过实施例6对制作方法中步骤(4)的调整,即在对鲅鱼馅进行茶多酚溶液和海藻酸钠溶液处理的过程中,采用一次性处理的方式,发现对货架期也有一定影响,相比本发明的最长货架期,会减少15天的周期;实施例7由于在步骤(4)的制作处理过程中不再进行冷藏处理,货架期较实施例6进一步降低,分析可能是茶多酚及海藻酸钠在低温环境下对肉馅的保鲜、色泽、抑制微生物生长、减少营养流失等更具有实际意义。实施例8和9分别对制作步骤中步骤(4)和步骤(5)中进行茶多酚溶液和海藻酸钠溶液处理后的冷藏时间进行了改变,发现对货架期依旧存在影响。
颜色变化周期指标上,本发明添加了茶多酚和海藻酸钠处理的鲅鱼馅饺子,在饺子皮色泽保持方面,相比其他各实施例,更具有显著优势。相比现有普通鲅鱼馅水饺及前述其他实施例的鲅鱼馅水饺一般6-8个月白度即发生变化,比如变黄发暗,本发明的含有茶多酚的饺子馅水饺在18个月以上,饺子皮颜色即白度才会发生显著变化,稳定性更好,品质外观更具有优势。同时,本发明的含有茶多酚的饺子馅水分含量保持性更好。
二、品质测定指标之二-口味评价
建立20人的感官评价小组。将前述经6个月冷冻处理的水饺分别蒸煮,蒸煮周期选择两次煮沸后,分次分别加入相同量的冷水,以第2次煮沸的水饺捞出进行评价。选择的评分指标包括冷冻外观、风味、蒸煮破损率、口感粘性、韧性、煮后外观。
表2
组别 | 冷冻外观 | 风味 | 蒸煮破损率% | 口感粘性 | 韧性 | 煮后外观 |
实施例1 | 10 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 9 | 9 |
实施例2 | 9 | 10 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 9 |
实施例3 | 5 | 7 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 7 |
实施例4 | 4 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
实施例5 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 5 | 5 |
实施例6 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 5 |
实施例7 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 |
实施例8 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 4 |
实施例9 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
实施例10 | 3 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 4 |
由表2可知,本发明添加特定配比组成的茶多酚和海藻酸钠成分的鲅鱼馅水饺,感官评价指标总分值整体明显优于其他各实施例,本发明的含有茶多酚的鲅鱼馅水饺更新鲜。由此可见,在保证鲅鱼馅料中茶多酚和海藻酸钠用量搭配的合理性的同时,在进行相应制作过程中,需要重点关注茶多酚溶液和海藻酸钠溶液对鲅鱼馅料的处理过程,尤其在处理过程中的操作条件和参数要求对终产品的性能品质具有显著影响,为工业化加工生产及冷藏保存提供了借鉴。
上述具体实施方式不能作为对本发明保护范围的限制,对于本技术领域的技术人员来说,对本发明实施方式所做出的任何替代改进或变换均落在本发明的保护范围内。
本发明未详述之处,均为本技术领域技术人员的公知技术。
Claims (7)
1.一种含茶多酚的鲅鱼馅,其特征在于,由以下原料调制而成:
鲅鱼肉、茶多酚、海藻酸钠、调味料和水。
2.根据权利要求1所述的含茶多酚的鲅鱼馅,其特征在于,各原料重量组成为:鲅鱼肉55份、调味料21份、水40份,茶多酚0.165份-1.1份、海藻酸钠0.72份-0.83份。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的含茶多酚的鲅鱼馅,其特征在于,所述调味料包括料酒1.9份、味极鲜酱油1.5份、花生油4份、味精1.5份、胡椒粉0.2份、葱3份、食用盐0.8份、蛋清5份、姜汁0.9份、淀粉2.2份。
4.一种制作如权利要求1或2所述的含茶多酚的鲅鱼馅的方法,其特征在于,包括如下操作步骤:
(1)取鲅鱼肉,切段,备用;
(2)将茶多酚溶于一部分水中制得茶多酚溶液,备用;
(3)将海藻酸钠溶于一部分水中制得海藻酸钠溶液,备用;
(4)先取步骤(2)一半用量的茶多酚溶液,涂抹于步骤(1)的鲅鱼肉段表面;冷藏静置2-4h;然后取步骤(3)一半用量的海藻酸钠溶液,继续涂抹于鲅鱼肉段表面,冷藏静置1-2h,备用;
(5)将步骤(4)处理的鲅鱼肉段斩拌、剁成肉糜;一同加入步骤(2)剩余茶多酚溶液和步骤(3)剩余海藻酸钠溶液,搅拌均匀,保鲜膜覆盖后,冷藏静置0.5-1h,备用;
(6)向步骤(5)处理后的鲅鱼肉糜中加入除蛋清和淀粉以外的调味料,搅拌均匀;
(7)向步骤(6)处理的把鱼肉糜中撒入淀粉,搅拌均匀;
(8)取蛋清,搅拌均匀后,加入剩余的水,得蛋清液;分次加入至步骤(7)处理的鲅鱼肉糜中,继续搅拌均匀,即得。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)茶多酚溶液和海藻酸钠溶液均采用刷体涂刷均匀;步骤(6)所用淀粉为玉米淀粉或红薯淀粉;步骤(8)加水的蛋清液至少分两次加入至鲅鱼肉糜中。
6.一种鲅鱼馅水饺,其特征在于,采用如权利要求4所制得的含茶多酚的鲅鱼馅制备。
7.根据权利要求6所述的鲅鱼馅水饺,其特征在于,采用如下制作方法:
(1)取面粉、食盐和水,和面,制作面皮;
(2)取以下重量份数的原料:面皮10份、鲅鱼馅12-13份;制作水饺;
其中,面粉和食盐用量比采用100:1的重量配比。
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冯硕,等: "茶多酚-海藻酸钠复合涂膜对鱼肉保鲜效果的影响", 《参考网,网址:HTTPS://WWW.FX361.COM/PAGE/2020/0719/8589685.SHTML》, pages 2 * |
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