CN113906834B - 用以使用3d印刷电连接芯片与顶部连接器的方法 - Google Patents
用以使用3d印刷电连接芯片与顶部连接器的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种用于制造三维(three‑dimensional,3D)电子装置的方法。液体支撑材料(例如,具有光引发剂的环氧丙烯酸酯)通过激光诱导向前转移(laser‑induced forward transfer,LIFT)过程施加至上面具有一或更多个连接器和一或更多个电子部件的印刷电路板(printed circuit board,PCB),并且然后通过冷却和/或暴露于紫外线(ultraviolet,UV)辐射固化至固体形式。导电材料层(例如,金属)通过LIFT印刷在所述凝固的支撑材料上,以将所述一或更多个电子部件电连接至所述PCB上的所述连接器中的相应一个。随后,所述导电材料层通过加热予以干燥,并且所述导电层中的金属粒子使用激光束加以烧结。所述组件然后可被封装在封装物中。
Description
相关申请
本申请要求2019年5月1日申请的美国临时申请第62/841,349号的优先权。
技术领域
本发明涉及三维(three-dimensional,3D)结构和3D结构电子、电磁,和机电部件和装置的制造,并且更具体而言涉及用于通过使用3D印刷技术连接3D结构中的部件的顶部连接器的方法和系统。
背景技术
存在各自具有不同应用的若干添加制造(也称为3D印刷)方法。例如,喷墨印刷技术可用来制造三维对象,如在Sachs等人,美国专利5,204,055中所描述。在这类实例中,打印头用来将粘合剂材料排放至粉末床中的粉末颗粒层上。粉末层对应于将要生产的对象的数字叠加区段。粘合剂使粉末粒子在选定的区域中熔合在一起。这导致对象的熔合横截面分段形成于粉末床上。针对每个连续层重复步骤,直到实现所要的对象。在最终步骤中,激光束扫描对象,从而使粉末层烧结并熔合在一起。
在如Sanders,美国专利5,506,607和5,740,051中所描述的另一个喷墨印刷过程中,低熔融温度热塑性材料通过一个人喷墨打印头分配以形成三维对象。第二喷墨打印头分配蜡材料以形成用于三维对象的支撑件。在对象已产生之后,蜡支撑件被移除,并且对象根据需要而完成。
Sun等人,WO 2014/078537 Al描述用于使用数字光处理器(Digital LightProcessor,“DLP”)投影仪或诸如立体光刻(stereolithography,“SLA”)的其他光束照射制造3D牙科装置的液体树脂系统。DLP或SLA方法和材料可用来制作任何牙科装置。在DLP和SLA中,将可聚合液体树脂材料或作为液体的已加热的树脂材料装载至3D打印机基的树脂浴中。在DLP的情况下,3D对象通过将相继的三维像素(voxel)平面投影至液体(或已加热的)树脂中得以创造,所述液体(或已加热的)树脂然后聚合至固体形式。以这种方法添加聚合材料的连续层,直到完全制造牙科装置。然后,根据需要洗涤、精整,并且完全固化牙科装置。
尽管诸如在各种领域中的以上使用的技术的广泛使用,但是用以3D电子器件的添加制造技术的应用仍然处于其初始阶段。大规模采用已由于当前基于低温固化、导电油墨的技术的低可靠性和不良性能而受限制。因此,传统的印刷电路板(printed circuitboard,PCB)技术继续在电子工业中占据主导地位。
迄今,用以使用添加制造(additive manufacturing,AM)过程(其中过程如ASTM2792-12a中所描述且定义)创造3D结构电子设备的努力以在直接印刷(direct-print,DP)或其他过程中分配以提供部件之间的电气互连的导电油墨的使用为中心。美国专利7,658,603和8,252,223详细描述了流体分配技术与SLA和其他AM过程的集成,以创造3D电路。这些低温固化的油墨在导电性方面和在耐久性方面具有弱点,这将AM制造的3D结构电子设备的应用限制于不受机械冲击、振动、大电流或功率密度、温度极限影响的简单装置,或具有高可靠性要求的应用。
在AM生产的部分和注射成型生产的部分的机械性质方面也存在间隙,所述间隙刚好延伸超过拉伸性质以包括撞击、弯曲、压缩、蠕变,和疲劳性质,所述性质共同地将AM生产的部分的应用限制于原型。
克服以上提到的大多数材料有关的问题的3D印刷的新方法为激光直写(laserdirect-write,LDW)技术的使用。在这个技术中,激光束用来通过受控制的材料烧蚀或沉积创造具有空间分辨三维结构的图案化表面。激光诱导向前转移(laser-induced forwardtransfer,LIFT)为可在将微图案沉积在表面上中应用的LDW技术。在LIFT中,激光光子提供驱动力以将来自施主膜的材料的小量材料朝向受体基板弹射。通常,激光束与施主膜的内侧相互作用,所述施主膜涂布至非吸收载体基板上。换句话说,在光子由膜的内表面吸收之前,入射激光束通过透明载体基板传播。超出一定阈值,材料自施主膜朝向基板的表面喷射。基于LIFT的印刷系统已描述于例如U.S.PGPUB 2005/0212888、U.S.PGPUB 2009/0074987和WO 2016/020817 Al中。
此外,Zenou等人,WO 2018/216002描述了一种用于生产电子装置的方法。在该方法中,包括具有整体触点的电子部件的管芯被固定到介电基板。在固定管芯之后,在介电基板和至少一个整体触点两者上印刷导电迹线,以在电子部件与基板上的导电迹线之间建立欧姆连接。
发明内容
本发明人已认识到,结构被逐层创造的AM技术提供了用于消费者、生物医学、大气,和国防工业的高值、多功能产品的合适的制造过程。为此,本发明的一个实施方案提供用于制造三维(3D)电子装置的方法。所述方法包括通过激光诱导向前转移(LIFT)过程将液体支撑材料施加至上面具有一或更多个连接器和一或更多个电子部件的印刷电路板(PCB)。所述PCB优选地设置在工作区域中的平台上。在一些情况下,PCB(上面印刷有所述PCB的连接器,例如,电路板迹线和垫片)可被放置在所述平台上,并且所述电子部件在所述PCB被如此定位之后可被放置在所述PCB上。一旦施加,所述液体支撑材料通过冷却和/或暴露于紫外线(ultraviolet,UV)辐射固化至固体(或至少半固体)形式。此后,导电材料层通过LIFT印刷在所述固体(或半固体)支撑材料上,以将所述一或更多个电子部件电连接至所述PCB上的所述连接器中的相应一个。随后,所述导电材料层被干燥(例如,通过热),并且所述导电层中的金属粒子可使用激光束加以烧结。
在各种实施方案中,所述液体支撑材料可为环氧丙烯酸酯、聚氨酯丙烯酸酯,或丙烯酸酯单体或寡聚物。此外,所述液体支撑材料可包括例如以所述液体支撑材料的0.1重量%至10重量%的浓度的光引发剂。在一些情况下,所述光引发剂可为例如以所述液体支撑材料的0.05重量%至3重量%的浓度的阳离子光引发剂。
在各种实施方案中,所述导电材料可为纯金属、金属合金,或耐火金属。所述导电材料可以膜上的金属粒子的形式或以金属膏体的形式存在,并且通过LIFT印刷以将电子部件电连接至PCB板的连接器。任选地,在烧结之前,所述印刷导电材料层可使用UV辐射加以固化。
在烧结完成之后,组件的至少一部分,一或更多个连接器、导电层,和一或更多个电子部件,可被封装在封装物中。
以下详细描述本发明的这些和进一步实施方案。
附图说明
本发明以实例而非限制的方式例示于附图的各图中,在附图中:
图1A至图1D例示PCB与设置在所述PCB上的电子部件之间的常规电气连接的实例。
图2例示通过LIFT过程的材料微滴的沉积的实例。
图3例示用于所施加支撑材料层的固化过程的实例,PCB与设置在所述PCB上的一或更多个电子部件之间的电气连接将根据用于制造3D电子装置的本方法的一个实施方案印刷在所述所施加支撑材料层上。
图4A例示根据用于制造3D电子装置的本方法的一个实施方案的形成用于PCB与设置在所述PCB上的一或更多个电子部件之间的电气连接的支撑层的实例。
图4B和图4C提供根据用于制造3D电子装置的本方法的一个实施方案的用于PCB与设置在所述PCB上的一或更多个电子部件之间的电气连接的完成支撑结构的侧视图(图4B)和俯视图(图4C)。
图5例示根据用于制造3D电子装置的本方法的一个实施方案的用以将一或更多个电子部件的连接器电连接至PCB上的连接器中的相应一个的固体(或至少半固体)支撑材料结构上的导电材料的印刷、干燥,和烧结。
图6A和图6B例示根据用于制造3D电子装置的本方法的一个实施方案的将一或更多个电子部件的连接器电连接至PCB上的连接器中的相应一个的导电材料的完成层的侧视图(图6A)和俯视图(图6B)。
图6B和图6C例示根据用于制造3D电子装置的本方法的一个实施方案的用以将一或更多个电子部件的连接器电连接至PCB上的连接器中的相应一个的完成多步过程的侧视图(图6C)和俯视图(图6D)。
图7A和图7B例示根据用于制造3D电子装置的本方法的一个实施方案的完成封装过程的侧视图(图7A)和俯视图(图7B)。
具体实施方式
本发明提供用于制造三维(3D)电子装置的方法。在本发明的各种实施方案中,LIFT过程用来印刷一或更多个层。LIFT描述于例如通过引用并入本文中的U.S.PGPUB2017/0189995中。如以上所述,LIFT为激光光子提供驱动力以将来自施主膜的小量材料朝向受体基板弹射的LDW形式。使用LIFT过程,液体支撑材料被施加至PCB,所述PCB上具有一或更多个连接器和一或更多个电子部件。PCB可位于工作区域中的平台上。在一些情况下,PCB(上面印刷有所述PCB的连接器,例如,电路板迹线和垫片)可被放置在平台上,并且在PCB例如使用常规拣取和放置设备如此定位之后,电子部件可被放置在PCB上。一旦施加,液体支撑材料通过冷却和/或暴露于紫外线(UV)辐射固化至固体(或至少半固体)形式。此后,导电材料层通过LIFT印刷在固体(或半固体)支撑材料上,以将一或更多个电子部件电连接至PCB上的连接器中的相应一个。随后,导电材料层被干燥(例如,通过加热),并且导电层中的金属粒子可使用激光束加以烧结。
LIFT过程非常适合于支撑材料的施加,因为接收基板不需要为均匀平面。如以下参考图解所论述,支撑材料当施加在PCB连接器和电子部件上时将形成类似楼梯的横截面。通过暴露于UV辐射和/或热固化支撑材料创造用于导电材料的后续印刷的固体(或至少半固体)基础。导电材料层被印刷在支撑材料上并且然后例如通过使用红外(infra-red,IR)灯或类似配置加热予以干燥。任选地,一旦导电层被印刷,激光束可用来烧结导电层内侧的金属粒子。
因为支撑材料的印刷为中间步骤,所以希望支撑层的形成不会花费长时间。因此,形成支撑层的材料应仅花费短时间来固化(通过UV照射、加热,或两者)且不应在固化过程期间大量收缩(如果有)。花费过量的时间以固化的材料将妨碍过程的整体速度,并且在固化期间的那些收缩(至少比一点多)将在印刷在所述材料上的导电层上施加机械应力,所述机械应力可使那个层变得不连续并且导致跨于间隙或电气开路的点火。
优选用作支撑层的一种材料为环氧丙烯酸酯。环氧丙烯酸酯为通过使环氧化物(缩水甘油醚或环氧环己烷)与丙烯酸反应制备的化合物,该反应生产羟基丙烯酸酯。通过实例的方式,芳香剂,工业上广泛的BPA-DGE或环氧酚醛清漆对于对应的羟基丙烯酸酯出现反应。这些是可商购的(例如,可商购自Rahn、BASF、Sartomer等)。这些产品的共同之处为在未稀释状态中的约500~50000Pas的粘度。出于处置和处理的原因,它们通过以诸如HDDA、TMPTA、TPGDA和本领域中已知的其他单体的低粘度(5~50mPas,25℃)丙烯酸单体稀释。根据本发明的观点,这类产品的辐射诱导的自由基固化产生具有良好机械性质的膜。
辐射可固化组合物通常包括光引发剂。光引发剂含量优选地自0.1重量%至10重量%,在每一情况下基于环氧丙烯酸酯的总量。合适的光引发剂为本领域中已知的,并且也是可商购的。可使用例如由LambsonTM以名称SpeedCureTM可商购的产品。在包含环氧乙烷化合物的任选混合系统组合物的情况下,另外将本领域中同样已知的引发剂使用于光阳离子聚合。用于阳离子聚合的光引发剂当暴露于UV辐射时产生强布朗斯台(Bronsted)德酸,并且由此引发环氧基团的聚合。组合物含有阳离子光引发剂(也通过相同的商标名称得自Lambson),所述阳离子光引发剂通常总计0.05重量%至3重量%,基于环氧树脂组分。除光引发剂之外,可按有效量使用合适的敏化剂。组合物有利地以UV辐射固化。
尽管用作支撑层的优选材料为环氧丙烯酸酯,因为它们倾向于飞快地反应,但具有诸如聚氨酯丙烯酸酯的其他丙烯酸酯的最近进展已产生在极低收缩的情况下迅速反应(固化)的化合物。例如,来自RahnTM的Gemoner 4215,以及其他丙烯酸酯化单体和寡聚物,提供快速固化时间和低收缩因素两者。
使用于电气部件的连接器与PCB的那些连接器之间的电气连接的活性或导电材料通常包含一或更多个金属。如以下所描述,金属层被施加在PCB上的连接器与电气部件上的那些连接器之间的支撑材料上。设想的金属包括纯金属、金属合金,和耐火金属。活性材料可使用LIFT自固态施加(印刷),例如,沉积在塑料膜上的小金属粒子可在LIFT过程中用来产生导电层,或所述活性材料可以携带在施主膜上的膏体的形式施加。适合于使用在LIFT过程中的金属膏体为工业中众所周知的,并且例如描述于通过引用并入本文中的以下专利中:WO 2014/113937 Al、美国专利6,537,359Bl和7,198,736B2,和U.S.PGPUB 2013/0224474。
现参考图1A至图1D,例示PCB 10与设置在所述PCB上的电子部件(例如,集成电路或“芯片”)12之间的常规电气连接。电气连接16在PCB 10的相应电气连接器(例如,接触垫片)14与电子部件12之间被做出,并且通常呈细线的形式。图1A呈现这个配置的侧视图,图1B展示所述配置的俯视图。图1C和图1D为展示这类连接的现实世界实例的摄影图像。
现参考图4A,将描述用于制造3D电子装置的本方法的一个实施方案。具有设置在上面的一或更多个电子部件12的PCB 10(视图(i))可被放置在工作区域中的平台(未展示,但参见用于一个实例的图2)上。在一些情况下,PCB 10可被放置在平台上,并且电子部件12在PCB被如此定位之后可被放置在PCB 10上。PCB 10和电子部件12各自具有印刷或附着在上面的它们自己的相应连接器14,例如,电路板迹线和垫片等。通常,这些连接器设置在相应PCB 10和电子部件12的周边附近,但是它们不需要一定如此定位。另外,尽管连接器被展示为自PCB 10和电子部件12的表面突出,但在实践中它们可被几乎与那些表面平齐地印刷(参见,例如,图1C)。此外,电子部件12可被定位在载体、插座,或其他装配封装中,并且连接器14位于那个封装上而非位于电子部件自身上。因此,如本文所使用的术语电子部件意欲涵盖部件自身以及任何装配封装。
使用LIFT过程(视图(ii)),液体支撑材料18被施加至PCB的连接器与电子部件连接器之间的后续电子连接将要形成的区域中的PCB 10。如所示,这将通常在电子部件12的边缘与PCB 10的连接器14之间的间隙内。支撑材料18应以足以完全支撑后续电子连接的量予以施加。如视图(ii)~(vii)中所示,这可意味施加液体支撑材料的若干层18、22、26(视图(ii)、视图(iv),和视图(vi)),一个在另一个的顶上,在层的每个施加之后具有固化步骤(视图(iii)、视图(v),和视图(vii))。可使用UV照明和任选地热(例如,来自IR灯、加热器,或类似设备的热)进行的固化形成凝固的(或至少部分凝固的)支撑层20、24、28。由支撑材料层20、24、28组成的完成的固体支撑结构将提供用于电子部件的连接器与PCB的那些连接器之间的电气连接的完全支撑路径。
图2展示可用来施加液体支撑材料的LIFT过程的实例。相同过程可用来印刷电子部件的连接器与PCB的那些连接器之间的电气连接,因此将参考一般印刷材料30。应理解,若适用,印刷材料30可为支撑材料或金属或用来形成电气连接的其他物质。
LIFT过程创造并喷射印刷材料30的微滴40,所述印刷材料携带(例如,以薄箔或膜的形式)在透明基板32的背侧(根据入射激光束36的观点)上。印刷材料30的箔/膜和透明基板32一起形成施主基板50。为形成微滴,激光束36通过例如以光栅扫描或其他图案的光学扫描器配置38在施主基板50上扫描,并且通过携带所述印刷材料的透明基板32集中于印刷材料30的箔/膜的小区域上。激光优选地以脉冲方式操作,并且此上下文中的扫描通常包括激光束36的偏转(例如,使用镜面、棱柱,和/或光学扫描器组件38的其他光学元件)以便覆盖受体基板(例如,PCB 10)上的小区域,并且可还包括施主和/或受体基板的平移,例如,通过能够相对于光学组件38在两个或三个维度上移动PCB的平台34,或反之亦然,以便覆盖较大的轨迹。
在扫描期间,印刷材料30的箔/膜上的激光束36的脉冲导致局部加热,所述局部加热使印刷材料30的微滴40被射出。微滴40的大小通常与入射在印刷材料30的箔/膜上的激光束36的横截面成正比。如此喷射的微滴40横跨间隙42(通常大约几微米至几毫米)行进并且聚结在诸如PCB 10的受体基板上。印刷材料30的微滴的聚集将受体基板(PCB 10)上的预定轨迹填充至所要的高度。
图3例示用于支撑材料的层18、22、26的固化过程的实例。在用于LIFT过程的相同工作区域或不同工作区域中,支撑材料的层暴露于来自UV照明系统源44的UV辐射46。UV照明系统可包括多个UV发射器,例如,UV发光二极管(light emitting diode,LED),所述UV发射器以包括在支撑材料18、22、26中的光引发剂敏感的一或更多个波长发射辐射。当暴露于UV辐射时,这些光引发剂创造物种,所述物种与支撑材料的单体和/或寡聚物反应以引发其中的聚合物链生长,从而导致凝固。
返回到形成支撑层的讨论,一旦由支撑材料层20、24、28组成的固体支撑结构呈现至所要的高度和位置(图4A视图(vii)),所得支撑结构52将类似图4B和图4C中所示的那个。如这些视图中所示,支撑结构52形成完全支撑的路径,所述完全支撑的路径在侧轮廓中类似楼梯(参见图4B),电子部件的连接器与PCB的那些连接器之间的电气连接可被印刷在所述侧轮廓上。
现参考图5,一旦液体支撑材料被固化至固体(或至少半固体)形式,导电材料层54通过LIFT印刷(视图(i))在固体(或半固体)支撑材料上,以将一或更多个电子部件12的连接器电连接至PCB 10上的连接器中的相应一个。如以上所指示,用于支撑材料层的相同LIFT过程可用来印刷导电材料层54。随后,导电材料层被干燥(视图(ii)(例如,通过加热)以形成干燥的导电材料层56,并且导电层中的金属粒子可使用激光束加以烧结(视图(iii))以形成最终导电层58。这导致极高导电连接。图6A和图6B例示完成的导电材料层58。如图6B中所示,导电材料层不需要印刷在支撑结构52的整体上,并且相反仅需要作为PCB10和电气部件12的相应连接器14之间的导电线存在。
如图6C和图6D中所示,相同程序可使用多次以创造具有多个线的极复杂结构。例如,后面是将导电材料层印刷在上面的用于创造支撑结构的以上所述过程可应用于多步程序中,以电连接电气部件(多个)12和PCB 10的额外相应连接器14’。在所例示实例中,电气部件(多个)12和PCB 10的第二组连接器14’通过第二组电气导体62电连接,所述第二组电气导体印刷在第二支撑结构60上,所述第二支撑结构施加在导电层58的顶部上。第二支撑结构60可以与以上所论述的支撑结构52相同的方式加以施加(例如,使用LIFT)来创造一或更多个支撑材料层,并且导电元件62可以与导电元件58相同的方式印刷在第二支撑结构60上。对于整个电气部件12或其仅一部分,第二支撑结构和第二导电元件可根据需要加以塑造。当然,额外支撑结构和导电元件可根据需要按以上所述方式加以塑造,以按要求完成电气部件12与PCB 10之间的电气连接。
为保护最终电子结构,顶部涂层或封装层可施加在结构上,如图7A(侧视图)和图7B(俯视图)中所示。另外,如以上所描述的LIFT过程也可用来印刷封装物的顶部涂层64,但是也可使用其他已知的工业材料和过程。用于顶部涂层64的材料的实例描述于以引用方式并入本文中的美国专利5,436,083 A中,并且用于涂布的替代性工业过程描述于以引用方式并入本文中的WO 2015/192146 Al、JP H01 221466 A、U.S,PGPUB 2013/0176700 Al中。
因而,已描述用于制造3D电子装置的方法。在各种实施方案中,用于制造三维(3D)电子装置的方法包括:通过激光诱导向前转移(LIFT)过程将液体支撑材料施加至印刷电路板(PCB),所述印刷电路板上具有一或更多个连接器和一或更多个电子部件,PCB处于工作区域中的平台上;通过冷却和/或暴露于紫外线(UV)辐射将液体支撑材料固化至固体形式;通过LIFT将导电材料层印刷在固体支撑材料上,以将一或更多个电子部件电连接至PCB上的连接器中的相应一个,并且随后通过热干燥导电材料层;以及使用激光束烧结导电层中的金属粒子。在方法中,液体支撑材料可为环氧丙烯酸酯、聚氨酯丙烯酸酯,或丙烯酸酯单体或寡聚物,并且液体支撑材料可包括例如按液体支撑材料的0.1重量%至10重量%的浓度的光引发剂。在一些实施方案中,光引发剂可为例如以液体支撑材料的0.05重量%至3重量%的浓度的阳离子光引发剂。在以上实施方案中的任何实施方案中,导电材料可为纯金属、金属合金,或耐火金属,并且可通过LIFT印刷成膜上的金属粒子的形式或金属膏体的形式。在以上实施方案中的任何实施方案中,在烧结之前,导电材料的印刷层可使用UV辐射加以固化。在以上实施方案中的任何实施方案中,一或更多个连接器、导电层,和一或更多个电子部件可被封装在封装物中。
Claims (10)
1.一种用于制造三维(three-dimensional,3D)电子装置的方法,所述方法包含:
通过激光诱导向前转移(laser-induced forward transfer,LIFT)过程将液体支撑材料层反复地施加至印刷电路板(printed circuit board,PCB),所述印刷电路板上具有第一接触垫片和电子部件,所述PCB设置在工作区域中的平台上,并且所述电子部件具有装配封装和从所述装配封装的顶表面突出的第二接触垫片,其中各个所述液体支撑材料层中的每个被分别施加在所述第一接触垫片和所述第二接触垫片之间的间隙内,并且在施加后,各个所述液体支撑材料层通过冷却和/或暴露于紫外线(ultraviolet,UV)辐射而固化已形成固体支撑结构,从而使得在施加和固化数个连续的所述液体支撑材料层之后,在所述第一接触垫片和第二接触垫片之间形成固体支撑结构,所述固体支撑结构的横截面具有楼梯状侧轮廓,所述楼梯状侧轮廓具有多个台阶,每个所述台阶的高度小于所述电子部件的厚度,所述台阶中最顶端的台阶接触(1)所述装配封装的所述顶表面的一部分以及(2)所述第二接触垫片的从所述装配封装的所述顶表面突出的侧表面;
通过所述LIFT过程将导电材料层印刷在所述固体支撑结构的所述楼梯状侧轮廓上;
通过热来干燥所述导电材料层以形成干燥的导电材料层;
使用激光束烧结所述干燥的导电材料层中的金属粒子以形成导电层,所述导电层将所述电子部件的所述第二接触垫片电气连接到所述PCB的所述第一接触垫片;以及
通过所述LIFT过程将所述第一接触垫片和所述第二接触垫片、所述导电层、和所述电子部件封装在封装物中。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述液体支撑材料为环氧丙烯酸酯、聚氨酯丙烯酸酯,或丙烯酸酯单体或寡聚物。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法,其中所述液体支撑材料包括光引发剂。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法,其中所述光引发剂为以所述液体支撑材料的0.1重量%至10重量%的浓度。
5.如权利要求3所述的方法,其中所述光引发剂为阳离子光引发剂。
6.如权利要求5所述的方法,其中所述阳离子光引发剂为以所述液体支撑材料的0.05重量%至3重量%的浓度。
7.如权利要求3所述的方法,其中所述导电材料为纯金属、金属合金,或耐火金属。
8.如权利要求7所述的方法,其中通过所述LIFT过程在所述固体支撑结构上印刷所述导电材料层包括将来自膜的金属粒子印刷到所述固体支撑结构上。
9.如权利要求7所述的方法,其中通过所述LIFT过程在所述固体支撑结构上印刷所述导电材料层包括将来自膜的金属膏体印刷到所述固体支撑结构上。
10.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,在所述烧结之前,使用UV辐射固化印刷的所述导电材料层。
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US20200350275A1 (en) | 2020-11-05 |
EP3939394A1 (en) | 2022-01-19 |
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CN113906834A (zh) | 2022-01-07 |
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