CN113892329A - Fertilizing method for reducing heavy metal content and effectiveness of soil and application - Google Patents
Fertilizing method for reducing heavy metal content and effectiveness of soil and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN113892329A CN113892329A CN202111255761.8A CN202111255761A CN113892329A CN 113892329 A CN113892329 A CN 113892329A CN 202111255761 A CN202111255761 A CN 202111255761A CN 113892329 A CN113892329 A CN 113892329A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention provides a fertilizing method for reducing heavy metal content and effectiveness of soil and application, and relates to the technical field of facility vegetable planting. The method adopts a mode of reducing organic fertilizer and applying nitrogen fertilizer, and applies organic nitrogen and inorganic nitrogen in a mass ratio of 3:2 in a matching manner, wherein the organic nitrogen is used as a base fertilizer and is applied at one time, and the inorganic nitrogen is used as the base fertilizer and is applied as an additional fertilizer. By adopting the fertilizing method, the nitrogen fertilizer is uniformly applied in a decrement way by the organic fertilizer, the content and the activity of heavy metal cadmium in the soil of the facility vegetable field are reduced, and the soil fertility is maintained. By applying the fertilizer by adopting the method disclosed by the invention, on the premise of keeping normal supply of soil nutrients, the total content of heavy metal cadmium in the facility vegetable field soil can be reduced by more than 55%, the content of an effective state can be reduced by more than 5%, the risk of accumulation of heavy metal cadmium in the facility vegetable field soil is reduced, the effective supply of soil nutrients can be ensured by reasonable distribution of the fertilizer, and the yield and quality of facility vegetables are ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of facility vegetable planting, and particularly relates to a fertilizing method for reducing heavy metal content and effectiveness of soil and application thereof.
Background
The greenhouse vegetable cultivation is a main production mode of vegetables in China, and the soil productivity of greenhouse vegetable fields is reduced year by year and the ecological environment is damaged due to the fact that the accumulation degree of heavy metals is deepened year by year, so that the quality and the economic benefit of greenhouse vegetable products are gradually reduced. With the continuous improvement of food safety awareness of people, the heavy metal content of facility vegetable products becomes a focus of attention of people, and the problem of heavy metal accumulation in the soil of facility vegetable fields becomes a bottleneck restricting the continuous and healthy development of the facility vegetable industry.
The fertilization is one of important farmland management measures for improving the soil fertility and the vegetable yield of the facility vegetable land, and is also one of farmland soil heavy metal pollution remediation technologies. The method can change the chemical form of the heavy metal in the soil by influencing the physicochemical characteristics of the content of organic matters in the soil, the pH value and the like, reduce the activity of the heavy metal in the soil and effectively reduce the absorption of the heavy metal by vegetable plants. However, the problem is that vegetable crops require more fertilizer than food crops. In order to seek higher yield, farmers blindly apply excessive fertilizer for a long time, but the fertilizer utilization rate is reduced, and the problem of heavy metal accumulation in the soil of the facility vegetable field is getting worse.
The heavy metal cadmium has been shown to have higher mobility, bioactivity and toxicity than other heavy metals. The phenomenon that farmland soil in China is polluted by heavy metal cadmium is reported occasionally, so that a certain number of agricultural products are polluted by the heavy metal cadmium every year. In recent years, the investigation of the heavy metal content of a plurality of facility soils in China finds that the problem of the overproof heavy metal cadmium in the facility vegetable soil is more prominent.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a fertilizing method and application for reducing the content and effectiveness of heavy metals in soil, so as to reduce the content and effectiveness of heavy metal cadmium in soil of facility vegetable fields, reduce the risk of heavy metal enrichment and fertilizer waste of facility vegetable products, improve the quality safety of facility vegetable products, and reduce the fertilizer input cost.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a fertilizing method for reducing the heavy metal content and effectiveness of soil, wherein an organic fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer to be applied at one time, and an inorganic fertilizer is used as the base fertilizer and an additional fertilizer;
the mass of the organic fertilizer and the inorganic fertilizer is calculated by N, and the mass ratio of the organic fertilizer to the inorganic fertilizer is 2-4: 1-3.
Preferably, the soil comprises facility vegetable field soil.
Preferably, the inorganic fertilizer comprises urea and a compound fertilizer.
Preferably, the inorganic fertilizer used as the base fertilizer is a compound fertilizer, and the inorganic fertilizer used as the additional fertilizer comprises urea and the compound fertilizer.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the urea to the compound fertilizer is 0.8-1: 3.5.
Preferably, the compound fertilizer is calculated by N, and the mass of the compound fertilizer applied as a base fertilizer is 50-60% of the total mass of N of the inorganic fertilizer.
Preferably, the heavy metal comprises cadmium.
Preferably, the compound fertilizer comprises a ternary compound fertilizer, and the effective component of the ternary compound fertilizer is N, P2O5And K2Calculated by O, the mass ratio of N to P2O5:K2O＝15:15:15。
The invention also provides application of the fertilization method in improving yield and quality of facility vegetables.
Preferably, the greenhouse vegetable comprises cauliflower.
Has the advantages that: the invention provides a fertilization method for reducing heavy metal content and effectiveness of soil, which is characterized in that an organic nitrogen and an inorganic nitrogen in a mass ratio of 2-4: 1-3 are cooperatively fertilized in a mode of reducing an organic fertilizer and applying a nitrogen fertilizer, the organic nitrogen is used as a base fertilizer and is applied at one time, and the inorganic nitrogen is used as a base fertilizer and an additional fertilizer. By adopting the fertilizing method, the nitrogen fertilizer is uniformly applied in a decrement way by the organic fertilizer, the content and the activity of heavy metal cadmium in the soil of the facility vegetable field are reduced, and the soil fertility is maintained. By applying the fertilizer by adopting the method disclosed by the invention, on the premise of keeping normal supply of soil nutrients, the total content of heavy metal cadmium in the facility vegetable field soil can be reduced by more than 55%, the content of an effective state can be reduced by more than 5%, and the risk of accumulation of heavy metal cadmium in the facility vegetable field soil is reduced. According to the fertilizing method, the nitrogen fertilizer is reasonably applied, the heavy metal brought in the soil is reduced from the source, the fertilizer waste is reduced, the organic matter and the pH value of the soil are improved, the content of the heavy metal in the soil of the facility vegetable field in an effective state is reduced, and the purposes of reducing the content and effectiveness of the heavy metal cadmium in the soil are finally achieved. Meanwhile, the reasonable distribution of the fertilizer can also ensure the effective supply of soil nutrients and ensure the yield and the quality of the protected vegetables.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a fertilizing method for reducing the heavy metal content and effectiveness of soil, wherein an organic fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer to be applied at one time, and an inorganic fertilizer is used as the base fertilizer and an additional fertilizer;
the mass of the organic fertilizer and the inorganic fertilizer is calculated by N, and the mass ratio of the organic fertilizer to the inorganic fertilizer is 2-4: 1-3.
In the invention, the mass of the organic fertilizer and the inorganic fertilizer is counted by N, and the mass ratio of the organic fertilizer to the inorganic fertilizer is preferably 3: 2. The soil according to the present invention preferably includes facility vegetable field soil. The inorganic fertilizer comprises urea and a compound fertilizer, the compound fertilizer preferably comprises a ternary compound fertilizer, and the effective component of the ternary compound fertilizer is N, P2O5And K2Calculated by O, the mass ratio is preferably N to P2O5:K2O15: 15: 15. The mass ratio of the urea to the compound fertilizer is preferably 0.8-1: 3.5.
In the invention, the organic fertilizer is applied as a base fertilizer at one time before sowing, and the application amount of the organic fertilizer for the whole rotation of the leaf vegetables is preferably 1.8-3.2 tons/mu. The inorganic fertilizer is used as a part of base fertilizer and a part of additional fertilizer, wherein only part of compound fertilizer is used as the base fertilizer, and all urea and the rest of compound fertilizer are used as the additional fertilizer for application. The frequency of the top dressing is not particularly limited, preferably more than 2 top dressing is included, and the amount of top dressing in each time is not particularly limited and is determined according to the growth requirement of crops, so that the total amount of top dressing is met. The mass of the inorganic fertilizer, the urea and the compound fertilizer is counted by N, the mass of the compound fertilizer applied as the base fertilizer is 50-60% of the mass of the inorganic fertilizer, and the rest 40-50% (urea and compound fertilizer) is applied to soil in an additional fertilizer mode.
The heavy metal preferably comprises cadmium, the fertilizer application method can reduce the application amount of organic fertilizer in a proper amount, reasonably apply nitrogen fertilizer, reduce the introduction of heavy metal into soil from the source, reduce fertilizer waste, improve the organic matter and pH value of the soil, reduce the effective state content of the heavy metal cadmium in the soil of the facility vegetable field, and finally achieve the purpose of reducing the content and effectiveness of the heavy metal cadmium in the soil. Meanwhile, the reasonable distribution of the fertilizer can also ensure the effective supply of soil nutrients and ensure the yield and the quality of the protected vegetables.
The invention also provides application of the fertilization method in improving yield and quality of facility vegetables.
The facility vegetables of the invention preferably comprise cauliflower, and the fertilizing method is the same as that described above and is not described again. In the embodiment of the invention, the flower and vegetable weight is 44.94kg/30m for the flower and vegetable2Commercial organic fertilizer (from Huita Utility Co., Ltd.) and 2.32kg/30m2The compound fertilizer (ternary compound fertilizer (15:15:15), Shanghai Fengxian seed field) is used as a base fertilizer and is applied at one time, and 0.86kg/30m2And 0.68kg/30m of urea2The compound fertilizer (ternary compound fertilizer (15:15:15), Shanghai Fengxian seed field) is used as topdressing and is applied in three times with equal amount.
The following detailed description will be made with reference to examples to provide a fertilizing method and application for reducing heavy metal content and effectiveness of soil, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The test is carried out in a vegetable greenhouse of a comprehensive test station of Shanghai academy of agricultural sciences, the total amount of heavy metal cadmium in soil is 0.12mg/kg, the content of effective cadmium is 0.05mg/kg, and the pH value is 7.21. The vegetable crop to be tested is cauliflower and the time is 10 months in 2020.
The area of the test cell is 30m2(5m multiplied by 6m), 56 cauliflowers are planted in each cell, 2 treatments of no fertilizer and conventional organic fertilizer application are set as controls, 3 times of treatment are set, and the cells are arranged randomly. The base fertilizer is applied before the cauliflower is plantedThe application amount of each plot is 44.94kg of commercial organic fertilizer and 2.32kg of compound fertilizer; and (3) sequentially applying additional fertilizers to the cauliflower in the rosette stage, the initial flowering balled stage and the middle flowering balled stage 30-40 days later, wherein the total amount of urea applied to each cell is 0.86kg, and the total amount of the compound fertilizer is 0.68 kg.
The control 1 adopts no-fertilizer treatment;
and in contrast 2, the conventional commercial organic fertilizer is used as a fertilizer, the fertilizing amount per cell is 54.55kg, and the fertilizer is only applied as a base fertilizer at one time.
Irrigation, pest control and other field management measures are the same in each treatment community and are carried out according to local habits. After the cauliflower is ripe and harvested, collecting a soil sample by adopting an S-shaped 5-point mixed sampling method, respectively measuring the total cadmium content and the effective state content of heavy metal in two soil layers with the sampling depth of 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm, digesting the total cadmium content by adopting a aqua regia-perchloric acid method, measuring by using a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry, extracting the cadmium effective state content by adopting a DTPA extraction method, and measuring by using a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry.
1. Influence on total content of heavy metal cadmium in soil of facility vegetable field
As can be seen from the test results shown in Table 1, compared with the control without fertilizer, the total amount of the heavy metal cadmium on the surface layer (0-10 cm) and the subsurface layer (10-20 cm) of the soil of the greenhouse vegetable field is reduced by 25.64% and 23.63% by the conventional application of the organic fertilizer, and the reduction rate of the total amount of the cadmium on the plough layer soil (0-20 cm) is less than 30%. However, after the fertilizing method is adopted, the reduction range of the total amount of heavy metal cadmium in the plough layer (0-20 cm) of the soil of the facility vegetable field is obviously improved, the reduction rate can reach more than 55%, the total amount is respectively 2.16 (0-10 cm) times and 2.77 (10-20 cm) times of the total amount treated by the conventional organic fertilizer, and the heavy metal enrichment risk of the soil of the facility vegetable field is effectively reduced.
TABLE 1 influence of the fertilization proportioning of the invention on the total amount of heavy metal cadmium in soil (unit: mug/kg)
Note: the value in the parentheses is the reduction rate of the total amount of heavy metal cadmium in the treatment
2. Influence on the content of the effective state of heavy metal cadmium in the soil of the facility vegetable field
As can be seen from the test results shown in Table 2, compared with the fertilizer-free control, the activity of the heavy metal cadmium in the soil plough layer (0-20 cm) of the facility vegetable field can be increased by applying the organic fertilizer conventionally, the effective state contents of the cadmium can reach 92.1 microgram/kg (0-10 cm) and 63.8 microgram/kg (10-20 cm) respectively, and are 1.57 (0-10 cm) and 1.22 (10-20 cm) times of the fertilizer-free control, which indicates that the activity of the heavy metal cadmium in the soil plough layer of the facility vegetable field can be increased by applying the conventional organic fertilizer. However, compared with the conventional organic fertilizer application method, the fertilizer application method provided by the invention has the advantages that the content of the heavy metal cadmium in the plough layer (0-20 cm) of the facility vegetable field is remarkably reduced, the reduction range is respectively 14.01% (0-10 cm) and 5.76% (10-20%), and the activation effect of the organic fertilizer application on the heavy metal cadmium in the plough layer of the facility vegetable field is effectively inhibited.
TABLE 2 influence of the fertilization proportioning of the invention on the content of the effective state of heavy metal cadmium in soil (unit: mug/kg)
3. Influence on soil fertility of facility vegetable field
From the test results table 3, compared with the fertilizer-free control, by adopting the fertilizing method of the invention, besides pH and quick-acting potassium, various fertility indexes of the soil of the facility vegetable field are obviously improved. Although the pH and the quick-acting potassium content are slightly reduced compared with the non-fertilizer control, the pH and the quick-acting potassium content of the soil of the plough layer of the facility vegetable field treated by the application of the conventional organic fertilizer are both obviously increased, which shows that the application method of the invention can effectively prevent the problems of soil acidification and insufficient potassium content supply of the facility vegetable field caused by the application of the conventional organic fertilizer.
TABLE 3 influence on soil fertility after fertilization proportioning according to the invention
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A fertilization method for reducing the heavy metal content and effectiveness of soil is characterized in that organic fertilizer is used as base fertilizer to be applied at one time, and inorganic fertilizer is used as base fertilizer and additional fertilizer;
the mass of the organic fertilizer and the inorganic fertilizer is calculated by N, and the mass ratio of the organic fertilizer to the inorganic fertilizer is 2-4: 1-3.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the soil comprises facility vegetable field soil.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the inorganic fertilizer comprises urea and a compound fertilizer.
4. The fertilization method according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the inorganic fertilizer used as the base fertilizer is a compound fertilizer, and the inorganic fertilizer used as the top dressing comprises urea and the compound fertilizer.
5. The fertilization method according to claim 3, wherein the mass ratio of the urea to the compound fertilizer is 0.8-1: 3.5.
6. The fertilization method according to claim 4, wherein the compound fertilizer is applied as a base fertilizer in an amount of 50-60% by mass of the total N mass of the inorganic fertilizer, based on the N.
7. The fertilization method of claim 1, wherein the heavy metal comprises cadmium.
8. The fertilization method according to claim 3, 5 or 6, wherein the compound fertilizer comprises a ternary compound fertilizer, and the active ingredient of the ternary compound fertilizer is N, P2O5And K2Calculated by O, the mass ratio of N to P2O5:K2O＝15:15:15。
9. Use of the fertilization method of any one of claims 1 to 8 to improve yield and quality of greenhouse vegetables.
10. The use of claim 9, wherein the facility vegetable comprises cauliflower.
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