CN110268827A - Vegetable Base acidified soil Reducing amount of chemical fertilizer applied synergy and the method for improving chemical fertilizer utilization ratio - Google Patents
Vegetable Base acidified soil Reducing amount of chemical fertilizer applied synergy and the method for improving chemical fertilizer utilization ratio Download PDFInfo
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- CN110268827A CN110268827A CN201910506526.XA CN201910506526A CN110268827A CN 110268827 A CN110268827 A CN 110268827A CN 201910506526 A CN201910506526 A CN 201910506526A CN 110268827 A CN110268827 A CN 110268827A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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Abstract
The invention belongs to technical field of soil fertilizer, a kind of method for disclosing Vegetable Base acidified soil Reducing amount of chemical fertilizer applied synergy and improving chemical fertilizer utilization ratio, the technical measures proposed on the basis of application of organic fertilizers: soil occurs serious in pH4-5 or planting vegetable disease, 200-300 kgs/acre of conditioner of application and 200-300 kgs/acre of conventional fertilizer application or conditioner and the compound fertilizer for applying nitric acid phosphorous different proportion；Soil applies 100-150 kgs/acre of day ridge conditioner and conventional fertilizer application or 100-150 kgs/acre of conditioner and the compound fertilizer for applying nitric acid phosphorous different proportion in pH5-6.The Reducing amount of chemical fertilizer applied synergy of Vegetable Base acidification of the invention, utilization rate of fertilizer raising etc. is the effect compared with conventional fertilizer application (habits fertilization of peasant household), promotes the fertilizer application mode or day ridge conditioner+conventional fertilizer application based on conditioner+nitric acid phosphorous series compound fertilizer；Experiment and demonstration promotion effect is very good.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of soil fertilizer more particularly to a kind of Vegetable Base acidified soil Reducing amount of chemical fertilizer applied synergy and
The method for improving chemical fertilizer utilization ratio.
Background technique
Currently, the prior art commonly used in the trade is such why soil has acid-base property, it is because existing in soil few
The hydrogen ion and hydroxyl ion of amount.When hydrionic concentration is greater than the concentration of hydroxyl ion, soil is in acidity；It otherwise is in alkali
Property；It is then neutral when the two is equal.The power of soil ph is called pH value, is usually indicated with pH value.PH value is equal to
7.0 be neutrality, is acidity less than 7.0, is greater than 7.0 for alkalinity.PH value is the most important parameter of plant nutrient.Plant nutrient absorbs
Accurately adjust dependent on the pH value to soil or matrix: the too low obstruction a great number of elements of pH value absorbs；PH value is excessively high, hinders part micro-
Secondary element absorbs, such as Pressure trunk injection disease.Excessive single use chemical fertilizer is easy to cause soil acidification further serious, soil plate
Knot, crop disease is serious, and fertilizer application amount increases etc..
In conclusion problem of the existing technology is: since vegetables multiple crop index is high, yield is big, so Cotton Varieties by Small Farming Households
Time, the longer amount using chemical fertilizer also constantly increased, and largely caused soil acidification further serious to fertilize, while to yield
Without the effect that is obviously promoted, most Cotton Varieties by Small Farming Households are not known selects be most suitable for vegetables, some peasant household head for which type of compound fertilizer
Phase is single to apply a kind of fertilizer: the peasant household's crop different growing having also applies the same fertilizer；Bottom chlorine is used for a long time in some peasant households, or
Compound fertilizers such as high chlorine or high-sulfur product etc..It has selected by experiment and demonstration using nitric acid phosphorous compound fertilizer as the different proportion of core
Suitable conditioner product is used in combination in product, can solve the increase and fertilizer benefit of souring vegetables base fertilizer amount substantially
With the raising etc. of rate.
Solve the difficulty of above-mentioned technical problem: the ratio that the different growing of Different Crop applies different N P and Ks is most scientific
Fertilization mode, emphasis changes peasant household and applies fertilizers scientifically the habit of scientific utilization of fertilizer, and peasant household to be made to recognize which type of compound fertilizer most
It is suitble to the growth of vegetables, how soil is out of joint solves.
Solve the meaning of above-mentioned technical problem: test proves, applies fertilizers scientifically, scientific utilization of fertilizer, reduces fertilizer amount and reaches 20-
50%, the pollution of area source in rural area is prevented, arable land is protected, quality of vegetable and commodity significantly improve, and can also increase production.
Summary of the invention
In view of the problems of the existing technology, the present invention provides a kind of Vegetable Base acidified soil Reducing amount of chemical fertilizer applied synergy and
The method for improving chemical fertilizer utilization ratio.
The invention is realized in this way a kind of Vegetable Base acidified soil Reducing amount of chemical fertilizer applied synergy and improving chemical fertilizer utilization ratio
The method of method, the Vegetable Base acidified soil Reducing amount of chemical fertilizer applied synergy and raising chemical fertilizer utilization ratio is on the basis of manure use
On, to soil pH 4-5 or planting vegetable disease 200-300 kgs/acre of day ridge conditioner of application and conventional fertilizer application, day ridge conditioner
The fertilizer application mode of 200-300 kgs/acre and nitric acid phosphorous compound fertilizer different proportion；Its ridge conditioner: calcium oxide is greater than >=40%,
PH8.1-10；Moisture≤10%.
To 100-150 kgs/acre of the application day ridge conditioner and conventional fertilizer application of soil pH 5-6, day ridge conditioner 100-150
Kg/acre and nitric acid phosphorous compound fertilizer different proportion fertilizer application mode.
Another object of the present invention is to provide one kind based on the Vegetable Base acidified soil Reducing amount of chemical fertilizer applied synergy and to mention
The solanaceous vegetables fertilizing method of the method for high chemical fertilizer utilization ratio, the solanaceous vegetables apply nitric acid phosphorous compound fertilizer different proportion
Fertilizer application mode are as follows:
Base fertilizer: 20-50 kgs/acre of nitric acid phosphorus compound fertilizer；
Propose seedling top dressing: 20-40 kgs/acre of phosphorus-potassium nitrate fertilizer；
Fruiting top dressing: 20-40 kgs/acre of nitric acid phosphorus compound fertilizer.
Further, the solanaceous vegetables fertilizing method specifically includes:
Step 1, before transplanting, the method applied using ditch spread or nest applies 150-200 kgs/acre of conditioner and phosphorus-potassium nitrate fertilizer
20-40 kgs/acre or peasant household use compound fertilizer, directly plough and mix with soil；
Step 2, proposes seedling top dressing, 20-40 kgs/acre of phosphorus-potassium nitrate fertilizer or uses compound fertilizer；
Step 3, fruiting top dressing, 20-40 kgs/acre of nitric acid phosphorus compound fertilizer or use compound fertilizer；
Step 4 harvests after fertilising 20 days.
Another object of the present invention is to provide one kind based on the Vegetable Base acidified soil Reducing amount of chemical fertilizer applied synergy and to mention
The balling leaf vegetables fertilizing method of the method for high chemical fertilizer utilization ratio, the balling leaf vegetables apply nitric acid phosphorous compound fertilizer different proportion
Fertilising mould are as follows:
Base fertilizer: 20-45 kgs/acre of nitric acid phosphorus compound fertilizer；
Top dressing: 10-30 kgs/acre of nitric acid phosphorus compound fertilizer.
Further, the balling leaf vegetables fertilizing method specifically:
Step 1, before transplanting, the method spread fertilizer over the fields using ditch spread or surface soil applies 150-200 kgs/acre of conditioner and nitric acid phosphorus
20-45 kgs/acre of compound fertilizer or conventional fertilizer application, directly plough and mix with soil；
Step 2, top dressing apply 10-30 kgs/acre of phosphorus-potassium nitrate fertilizer；
Step 3, harvested vegetable again after fertilising one month.
Another object of the present invention is to provide one kind based on the Vegetable Base acidified soil Reducing amount of chemical fertilizer applied synergy and to mention
The leafy vegetable fertilizing method of the method for high chemical fertilizer utilization ratio, the leafy vegetable apply applying for nitric acid phosphorous compound fertilizer's different proportion
Fertile mode are as follows:
Base fertilizer: 20-40 kgs/acre or 20-30 kgs/acre of nitrophosphate fertilizer of nitric acid phosphorus compound fertilizer；
Top dressing: 10-30 kgs/acre of 10-30 kgs/acre of phosphorus-potassium nitrate fertilizer or nitric acid phosphorus compound fertilizer.
Further, the leafy vegetable fertilizing method are as follows:
Step 1, vegetables are before live streaming or transplanting；It is public directly to spread fertilizer over the fields 200 kgs/acre+phosphorus-potassium nitrate fertilizer of conditioner 20-30
Pound/acre or conventional fertilizer application, directly plough and mixed with soil；
Step 2, top dressing；It is determined according to crop growing state, 10-20 kgs/acre of top dressing phosphorus-potassium nitrate fertilizer；Or nitric acid phosphorus is compound
Fertile 10-20 kgs/acre or conventional fertilizer application.
In conclusion advantages of the present invention and good effect are as follows: the present invention has used 4 years time, has carried out 9 conditioners
Experiment and demonstration, it is best to filter out day ridge conditioner, is had found by the way of field trial using nitric acid phosphorous compound fertilizer
(day ridge product is best).Dosage can be reduced, quality of vegetable is improved, improves ecological environment of soil etc., technological precedence, effect is very
The good present invention can significantly improve yield of vegetables and economic benefit.Reducing 30% vegetables of fertilizer amount can increase production, chemical fertilizer utilization ratio
Reach 40% or more, the pH of soil improves 0.2-0.6 unit.
The white quality of vegetable analytical table of 10 lotus of table
Table 12 respectively handles hot pepper quality
Remarks: one (CK) of processing, conventional fertilizer application；Handle two (TJ1), day ridge conditioner+conventional fertilizer application；Three (TJ2) are handled,
Its ridge conditioner+organic fertilizer+conventional fertilizer application；Handle four (TJ3)；Its ridge conditioner+organic fertilizer+compound fertilizer (42%)+nitric acid phosphorus
Potash fertilizer (40%)+calcium nitrate；Handle five (TJ4), day ridge conditioning+conventional fertilizer application+calcium nitrate.
13 cabbage heart of table applies different soil conditioner plot experiment analyses
The analysis of microelement in 14 different disposal asparagus lettuce of table
Influence of the 15 asparagus lettuce different disposal of table to chemical fertilizer utilization ratio
| Processing | Full N (g/kg) | Full P (g/kg) | Full K (g/kg) | Utilization rate of fertilizer % |
| It is conventional | 65.77 | 6.72 | 46.64 | 12d |
| Organic commercial fertilizer | 65.21 | 5.79 | 55.15 | 28.2c |
| Conditioner+compound fertilizer | 71.19 | 7.04 | 48.21 | 45.1a |
| Tian Ji compound fertilizer | 65.06 | 9.16 | 57.1 | 42.9a |
| Organic fertilizer+compound fertilizer | 54.03 | 6.38 | 58.77 | 37.8b |
| Its ridge conditioner | 71.85 | 8.5 | 57.06 | 0e |
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is Vegetable Base acidified soil Reducing amount of chemical fertilizer applied synergy provided in an embodiment of the present invention and raising chemical fertilizer utilization ratio
Method flow diagram.
Fig. 2 is Vegetable Base acidified soil Reducing amount of chemical fertilizer applied synergy provided in an embodiment of the present invention and raising chemical fertilizer utilization ratio
Method application effect figure；
In figure: (a) applying fertilizer to the subsoil with (b)；(c) it is harvested with (d).
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to embodiments, to the present invention
It is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, it is not used to
Limit the present invention.
Application principle of the invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawing.
As shown in Figure 1, Vegetable Base acidified soil Reducing amount of chemical fertilizer applied synergy provided in an embodiment of the present invention and raising chemical fertilizer benefit
Include: on the basis of normal use organic fertilizer with the method for rate
S101: Vegetable Base acidification: soil pH 4-5 or the generation of planting vegetable disease are serious: conventional fertilizer application and day ridge tune
200-300 kgs/acre of agent of reason；The fertilising mould of 200-300 kgs/acre of its ridge conditioner and nitric acid phosphorous compound fertilizer different proportion
Formula；
S102: soil pH 5-6: 100-150 kgs/acre of day ridge conditioner and conventional fertilizer application: day ridge conditioner 100-150 is public
Pound/acre and nitric acid phosphorous compound fertilizer different proportion fertilizer application mode.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, Vegetable Base acidified soil Reducing amount of chemical fertilizer applied synergy provided in an embodiment of the present invention
And the method for improving chemical fertilizer utilization ratio further comprises: solanaceous vegetables apply the fertilizer application mode of nitric acid phosphorous compound fertilizer different proportion
Fertile mode:
Base fertilizer: 20-50 kgs/acre of nitric acid phosphorus compound fertilizer (15-15-15)；
Propose seedling top dressing: 20-40 kgs/acre of phosphorus-potassium nitrate fertilizer (22-9-9)；
Fruiting top dressing: 20-40 kgs/acre of nitric acid phosphorus compound fertilizer (15-6-23).
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, Vegetable Base acidified soil Reducing amount of chemical fertilizer applied synergy provided in an embodiment of the present invention
And the method for improving chemical fertilizer utilization ratio further comprises: the fertilising mould of balling leaf vegetables fertilising nitric acid phosphorous compound fertilizer different proportion
Formula,
Base fertilizer: 20-45 kgs/acre of nitric acid phosphorus compound fertilizer (15-6-23)；
Top dressing: 10-30 kgs/acre of nitric acid phosphorus compound fertilizer (22-9-9)；
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, Vegetable Base acidified soil Reducing amount of chemical fertilizer applied synergy provided in an embodiment of the present invention
And the method for improving chemical fertilizer utilization ratio further comprises the fertilizer application mode that leafy vegetable applies nitric acid phosphorous compound fertilizer different proportion:
Base fertilizer: 20-40 kgs/acre of nitric acid phosphorus compound fertilizer (24-10-5) or nitrophosphate fertilizer (26.5-11.5-0) 20-30 are public
Pound/acre；
Top dressing: 10-30 kilograms of 10-30 kgs/acre of phosphorus-potassium nitrate fertilizer (22-9-9) or nitric acid phosphorus compound fertilizer (24-10-5)/
Mu.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, Vegetable Base acidified soil Reducing amount of chemical fertilizer applied synergy provided in an embodiment of the present invention
And it improves the leafy vegetable of the method for chemical fertilizer utilization ratio and applies the fertilizer application mode of nitric acid phosphorous compound fertilizer different proportion and include:
Step 1, vegetables are before live streaming or transplanting；Directly spread fertilizer over the fields 200 kgs/acre+phosphorus-potassium nitrate fertilizer of conditioner (22-9-9)
20-30 kgs/acre or conventional fertilizer application (amount ratio reduces 10-40% originally), directly plough and mix with soil；
Step 2, top dressing；It is determined according to crop growing state, 10-20 kgs/acre of top dressing phosphorus-potassium nitrate fertilizer (22-9-9)；Or nitre
10-20 kgs/acre of Suan Lin compound fertilizer (24-10-5) or conventional fertilizer application (dosage reduces 10-20% originally).
Remarks: it is recommended that application phosphorus-potassium nitrate fertilizer (22-9-9) or nitrophosphate fertilizer (24-10-5)；2 years Shi Yici of conditioner.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, Vegetable Base acidified soil Reducing amount of chemical fertilizer applied synergy provided in an embodiment of the present invention
And the solanaceous vegetables fertilizer application mode of the method for raising chemical fertilizer utilization ratio includes:
Step 1: before transplanting, the method applied using ditch spread or nest applies 150-200 kgs/acre of conditioner+phosphorus-potassium nitrate fertilizer
20-40 kgs/acre of (15-15-15) or conventional fertilizer application (reduce 10-20% than original dosage), directly plough and mix with soil；
Step 2: propose seedling top dressing: (amount ratio subtracted originally for 20-40 kgs/acre of phosphorus-potassium nitrate fertilizer (22-9-9) or conventional fertilizer application
Few 10-30%)；
Step 3: fruiting top dressing: 20-40 kgs/acre of nitric acid phosphorus compound fertilizer (15-6-23) or conventional fertilizer application (compare originally
10%) dosage is reduced；It can according to circumstances increase and impose number.
Step 4；Fertilising just harvests after 20 days.
Remarks: it is recommended that application phosphorus-potassium nitrate fertilizer (22-9-9) and nitrophosphate fertilizer (15-6-23)；Conditioner 2-4 Shi Yici.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, Vegetable Base acidified soil Reducing amount of chemical fertilizer applied synergy provided in an embodiment of the present invention
And the balling leaf vegetables fertilizer application mode of the method for raising chemical fertilizer utilization ratio includes:
Step 1: before transplanting, the method spread fertilizer over the fields using ditch spread or surface soil applies 150-200 kgs/acre of conditioner+nitric acid phosphorus
20-45 kgs/acre of compound fertilizer (15-6-23) or conventional fertilizer application (amount ratio reduces 10-20% originally) are directly ploughed mixed with soil
It closes；
Step 2: 10-30 kgs/acre of phosphorus-potassium nitrate fertilizer (22-9-9) is applied in top dressing；
Step 3: harvested vegetable again after fertilising one month.
Remarks: it is recommended that application phosphorus-potassium nitrate fertilizer (22-9-9) or nitrophosphate fertilizer (24-10-5)；Conditioner 2-4 Shi Yici.
Application effect of the invention is explained in detail combined with specific embodiments below.
Embodiment 1
Cauliflower optimization of C/C composites screens field trial material, the field trial screened by cauliflower optimization of C/C composites, exploratory development
Application day ridge soil conditioner apply the compound fertilizer fertilizer applications of nitric acid phosphorous different proportion to Vegetable Soil pH, soil nutrient and
The influence of crop yield and quality, the compound fertilizer optimization of C/C composites for applying nitric acid phosphorous different proportion for day ridge conditioner and vegetables are applied
Fertile scheme is widely applied offer reference frame.
1 materials and methods
1.1 test site
Certain plot for a long time with vegetables (asparagus lettuce, cauliflower etc.) plantation based on, Planting Years 10 years or more.
1.2 for trying fertilizer
Conventional fertilizer application is the fertilizer for applying fertilizer according to local peasant household and being accustomed to application oneself, remaining fertilizer is provided by day ridge:
(1) Nintaus is big (15-15-15)；
(2) day ridge phosphorus-potassium nitrate fertilizer 40% (22-9-9)；
(3) day ridge phosphorus-potassium nitrate fertilizer 42% (16-6-20)；
(4) day ridge conditioner, effective component CaO >=40%.
1.3 for studying object
Cauliflower.
1.4 experimental design
Random alignment is taken in test, does not set repetition, and each plot area is that 8 ㎡ (10m x 0.8m) design is as follows:
1 conceptual design of table
1.5 field management
On December 10th, 2017 applies fertilizer to the subsoil；；
One, conventional fertilizer application processing dosage is 30kg/ mus of big compound fertilizer, Nintaus (15-15-15)；
Two, Dan Shitian ridge conditioner processing dosage is 200kg/ mus of day ridge soil conditioner of application, is not applied fertilizer；
Three, day ridge optimization of C/C composites fertilizer processing dosage is 20kg/ mus of application ridge phosphorus-potassium nitrate fertilizer (16-6-20)；
Four, day ridge optimization of C/C composites fertilizer+day ridge soil conditioner processing dosage is application ridge phosphorus-potassium nitrate fertilizer (16-6-20)
20kg/ mus and 200kg/ mus of day ridge soil conditioner；
On 2 20th, 2018, carry out top dressing:
One, conventional fertilizer application processing dosage is 30kg/ mus of application big compound fertilizer, Nintaus (15-15-15)；
Two, Dan Shitian ridge conditioner processing dosage is not apply fertilizer；
Three, day ridge optimization of C/C composites fertilizer processing dosage is 20kg/ mus of application ridge phosphorus-potassium nitrate fertilizer (22-9-9)；
Four, day ridge optimization of C/C composites fertilizer+day ridge soil conditioner processing dosage is application ridge phosphorus-potassium nitrate fertilizer (22-9-9)
20kg/ mus；
Receive yield on April 29th, 2018.
2 test results and analysis
Influence of 2.1 different disposals to cauliflower yield
As shown in Table 2, compared with conventional fertilizer application, in addition to singly applying day ridge soil conditioner processing cauliflower yield and reducing by 1.8%,
Ridge optimization of C/C composites processing cauliflower biological yield in other two day significantly improves, and respectively 15.5% and 17.8%.Thus illustrate,
Its ridge optimization of C/C composites fertilizer+conditioner processing is remarkably improved cauliflower biological yield.
2 different disposal cauliflower rate schedule (unit: kg) of table
Influence of 2.2 different disposals to cauliflower economic benefit
As shown in Table 3, market average price calculating when being received according to compound fertilizer's market prices in 2018 and cauliflower, with routine
Fertilizer treatment is compared, the processing of Dan Shitian ridge soil conditioner, the processing of day ridge optimization of C/C composites fertilizer, day ridge optimization of C/C composites fertilizer+day ridge soil
Earth conditioner processing cauliflower profit has increased separately 172 yuan/mu, 850 yuan/mu, 896 yuan/mu.It can be seen that optimization of C/C composites it is fertile+
Its ridge soil conditioner handles cauliflower profit and increases maximum.
3 fertilizer production cost of table and economic benefit (artificial, pesticide etc. is not counted in interior)
Note: 4500 yuan/ton of big compound fertilizer, Nintaus (15-15-15), 5250 yuan/ton of Tian Ji compound fertilizer (16-6-20), day ridge
4750 yuan/ton of phosphorus-potassium nitrate fertilizer (22-9-9), 2000 yuan/ton of day ridge soil conditioner, 1000 yuan/ton of organic commercial fertilizer, 2017
Year 11-12 month cauliflower market price is 3.0 yuan/kg.
Influence of 2.3 different disposals to cauliflower fertilizer utilization rate
According to calculation formula: under the action of acidic treating, the utilization rate (%) of the fertilizer of optimization of C/C composites=(processing 4 is excellent
Conditioner " npk nutrient gross absorption " is singly applied in " npk nutrient the gross absorption "-processing 2 for changing formula)/4 " nitrogen phosphorus of processing
Potassium applies total amount " × 100, calculated result is shown in Table 4.As seen from table, conventional fertilizer application, day ridge optimization of C/C composites, day ridge optimization of C/C composites+day
It is respectively 7.4%, 29.3%, 42.1% that ridge soil conditioner, which handles utilization rate of fertilizer,.It can be seen that conventional fertilizer application handles fertilizer
Overall utilization is very low, will cause the waste of fertilizer, and ridge optimization of C/C composites processing fertilizer in day always utilizes higher, is matched with the optimization of day ridge
Side+day ridge soil conditioner handles fertilizer overall utilization highest, realizes the requirement of fertilizer utilization substantially.
Utilization rate of fertilizer under 4 different disposal of table
Influence of 2.4 different disposals to cauliflower soil physico-chemical property
As shown in Table 5, compared with conventional fertilizer application, in addition to ridge optimization of C/C composites fertilizer processing soil pH in day slightly reduces, soil is singly applied
1.33,0.7 units have been respectively increased in earth conditioner and day ridge optimization of C/C composites fertilizer+conditioner processing pH, hence it is evident that improve acidity
Soil pH improves acid soil；Soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, exchangeable magnesium have different degrees of reduction, but
Exchangeable calcium content, cation exchange capacity (CEC) significantly improve, and are obviously improved with the soil for applying the processing of day ridge soil conditioner.By
This explanation, application day ridge soil conditioner can obviously improve acid soil, improve soil physical chemistry environment.
The physicochemical property of 5 different disposal cauliflower soil of table
Embodiment 2
In vegetables flake, day ridge optimization of C/C composites fertilizer, day ridge optimization of C/C composites fertilizer+soil conditioner processing can be significantly improved
Cauliflower yield, economic benefit, fertilizer overall utilization and improve acid soil environment, wherein with day ridge optimization of C/C composites fertilizer (base fertilizer:
16-6-20 Tian Ji compound fertilizer 20kg/ mu；Top dressing: 22-9-9 Tian Ji compound fertilizer 20kg/ mu) at+soil conditioner (200kg/ mus)
It is most significant to manage effect.
1, day ridge soil conditioner and compound fertilizer report in stone column hot pepper field trial
Test funds and material, including day ridge soil conditioner, Wo Fengkang organic fertilizer and nitric acid Lin Jia type compound fertilizer are chosen
Crop varieties are hot pepper, and test is embodied.Test result: hot pepper yield on two testing sites, applies day ridge soil
Conditioner and compound fertilizer significantly make hot pepper increase production 10%~34.0%；Hot pepper economic profit significantly improves 2.8%~28.0%, puts down
Improve 12.8%.Hot pepper quality, applies day ridge soil conditioner and compound fertilizer dramatically increases capsicum vitamin C, soluble sugar
Content and capsicum amount of dry matter；Demonstration test, applies day ridge soil conditioner and compound fertilizer individually weighs than the hot pepper of conventional fertilizer application
6.5% is averagely improved, shows that hot pepper dry matter and yield dramatically increase.Conclusion, application day ridge soil conditioner can be significant
Hot pepper yield and quality is improved, meanwhile, cooperation Tian Ji compound fertilizer application effect is more preferable；It is recommended that peasant household selects day when hot pepper is applied fertilizer
Ridge soil conditioner and compound fertilizer.
1 materials and methods
1.1 for trying soil
Table 6 is for trying soil physico-chemical property
1.2 for examination conditioner and fertilizer
Conventional fertilizer application is the fertilizer for applying fertilizer according to local peasant household and being accustomed to application oneself, remaining fertilizer is provided by day ridge:
(1) Tian Ji compound fertilizer (15-15-15)；
(2) phosphorus-potassium nitrate fertilizer 40% (22-9-9)；
(3) compound fertilizer 42% (16-6-20)；
(4) Wo Fengkang biological organic fertilizer, N P and K total nutrient content >=5%, living bacteria count >=0.2 hundred million/g, organic matter
Content >=45%；
(5) calcium nitrate, effective component CaO >=23%, total N >=11%；
(6) day ridge conditioner, effective component CaO >=40%.
1.3 for studying object
Plot experiment: capsicum annum fasciculatum No. 5；
Demonstration test: capsicum annum fasciculatum No. 5.
1.4 plot experimental design
Its ridge soil conditioner and fertilizer carry out soil improvement and manure trial on hot pepper, select hot pepper implantation time compared with
Long, 1 period of crop-rotation of time is implemented in the heavier plot of disease.
1.4.1 Quarter Design
Each test (the scientific and technological plantation in testing site 1, the dry sub- list in testing site 2) uses RANDOMIZED BLOCK DESIGN, if 5 processing (four
A day ridge soil conditioner+day ridge fertilizer is control with conventional fertilizer application), it repeats three times: one (CK) of processing, conventional fertilizer application；Processing
Two (TJ1), day ridge conditioner+conventional fertilizer application；Handle three (TJ2), day ridge conditioner+organic fertilizer+conventional fertilizer application；Processing four
(TJ3)；Its ridge conditioner+organic fertilizer+compound fertilizer (42%)+phosphorus-potassium nitrate fertilizer (40%)+calcium nitrate；Handle five (TJ4), day ridge
Conditioning+conventional fertilizer application+calcium nitrate.Cell specification: testing site 1, length × wide=6.0m × 5.0m, area 30m2, each cell
12 rows, every 16 nest of row, every nest single plant transplanting, each cell amount to 192 plants of hot peppers.Testing site 2, length × wide=5.0m × 3.0m,
Area is 15m2, each 8 row of cell, every 12 nest of compartment, 1 plant of every nest, each cell amounts to 96 plants of hot peppers.
1.4.2 concrete operations:
Testing site 1
Select No. 5 progress seeding and seedling raisings of capsicum annum fasciculatum on March 8th, 2016；
It beginning site preparation and applying fertilizer to the subsoil on April 25th, 2016, conventional fertilizer application applies fertilizer to the subsoil according to peasant's habit of applying fertilizer, remaining
Each processing applies fertilizer to the subsoil according to testing program, and amount of application is 100kg/ mus of day ridge soil conditioner, Wo Fengkang biological organic fertilizer
200kg/ mus, 15kg/ mus of Tian Ji compound fertilizer (16-6-20)；
On April 28th, 2016 is transplanted；
The 1st top dressing on May 29 in 2016,20kg/ mus of application Tian Ji compound fertilizer (22-9-9)；
The 2nd top dressing on July 6 in 2016,20kg/ mus of application Tian Ji compound fertilizer (16-6-20)；
August in 2016 harvests hot pepper during -2016 years on the 1st October 8, entire breeding time amounts to picking hot pepper 5 times, every time
Picking records hot pepper yield.
Testing site 2
Select on 2 18th, 2016 No. 5 progress seeding and seedling raisings of capsicum annum fasciculatum；
It beginning site preparation and applying fertilizer to the subsoil on April 13rd, 2016, conventional fertilizer application applies fertilizer to the subsoil according to peasant's habit of applying fertilizer, remaining
Each processing applies fertilizer to the subsoil according to testing program, and amount of application is 100kg/ mus of day ridge soil conditioner, Wo Fengkang biological organic fertilizer
200kg/ mus, 15kg/ mus of Tian Ji compound fertilizer (16-6-20), 20kg/ mus of calcium nitrate；
On April 18th, 2016 is transplanted；
The 1st top dressing on May 26 in 2016,20kg/ mus of application Tian Ji compound fertilizer (22-9-9)；
The 2nd top dressing on July 6 in 2016,20kg/ mus of application Tian Ji compound fertilizer (16-6-20)；
When August in 2016 harvests hot pepper during -2016 years on the 4th October 3, total picking of entire breeding time hot pepper 7 times, often
Secondary picking records hot pepper yield.
The above base fertilizer is related to a day ridge soil conditioning agent fertilizer and uniformly mixes to apply in the soil, and calcium nitrate is uniformly sprinkling upon soil
Timely epiphragma behind the surface layer of earth；Directly rupture of membranes it can apply in soil surface when top dressing or convert liquid dung and apply together.
1.5 demonstration test
According to test requirements document, large-scale demonstration test is carried out in somewhere plot.Demonstration test sets 2 processing altogether, no to repeat,
About 1.2 mu of block area.It handles a conventional fertilizer application to apply fertilizer according to local peasant household fertilising habit, processing two is raw in entire hot pepper
Total conditioner 50kg/ mus of fertilising application of long period, 45kg/ mus of organic fertilizer, 20kg/ mus of 40% compound fertilizer (22-9-9), 42%
It compound fertilizer 20kg/ mus, 12.5kg/ mus of calcium nitrate, during which handles two and imposes a small amount of phosphorus ammonium+urea (a small amount of nest is applied).
2 interpretations of result
2.1 application day ridge soil conditioners and compound fertilizer respectively handle the influence to hot pepper yield and profit
As shown in Table 7, the application day ridge soil conditioner of testing site 1 is handled with compound fertilizer compares compared with conventional fertilizer application, and hot pepper produces
Amount dramatically increases, and amplification is 13.1%~30.2%, and volume increase sequence is TJ1 < TJ2 < TJ4 < TJ3, handles yield highest with TJ3,
Volume increase 34.0%；Hot pepper profit dramatically increases 16.5%~28.0%, handles hot pepper profit highest with TJ3.Apply day in testing site 2
Ridge soil conditioner is handled with compound fertilizer and is compared compared with conventional fertilizer application, and hot pepper yield obviously increases, and amplification is 7.17%~10.3%,
Volume increase sequence is TJ1 < TJ2 < TJ3 < TJ4, handles yield highest, volume increase 10.3% with TJ4；Hot pepper profit significantly improves 2.8%
~7.0%, profit highest is handled with TJ4.
Testing site 2TJ3 handles hot pepper yield, and slightly reduction may be related with calcium nitrate method of administration, and TJ3 is handled nitric acid
Calcium is directly spread on soil surface, horse back overlay film (black).Since temperature was higher at that time, horse back overlay film (black), so that calcium nitrate
Quickly dissolution provides a large amount of nitrogens to soil, causes to damage to hot pepper seedlings root, keeps hot pepper seedling growth weaker, after capsicum
Phase yield impacts.
7 stone column county of table applies day ridge soil conditioner and compound fertilizer handles hot pepper yield
Note: fresh hot pepper price is to be averaged purchasing price in August, 2016-November, 4 yuan/kg
2.2 application day ridge soil conditioners and compound fertilizer respectively handle the influence to Zhenghai green pepper quality and amount of dry matter of having a rest greatly
As shown in Table 8, it compared with conventional fertilizer application, applies day ridge soil conditioner and compound fertilizer respectively handles hot pepper vitamin C
Content dramatically increases, and amplification is 3.5%~23.9%, and amplification sequence is TJ2 < TJ4 < TJ1 < TJ3, is contained with TJ3 processing vitamin C
Measure highest；Hot pepper nitrate content is in addition to TJ2 processing significantly reduces, remaining processing increases, but its content is in vegetable nitrate
Within national standard safe range (≤3000mg/kg)；Soluble sugar content dramatically increases, and amplification is 8.3%~31.3%,
In with TJ3 handle volume increase highest；In addition to TJ4 significantly increases 14.2%, remaining processing changes unobvious amino acid content；
Application day ridge soil conditioner and compound fertilizer's processing processing hot pepper amount of dry matter dramatically increase, and amplification is 7.6%~23.7%,
Amplification sequence is TJ2 < TJ1 < TJ4 < TJ3, handles amount of dry matter highest with TJ3.
Table 8 respectively handles hot pepper quality
2.3 demonstration test
As shown in Table 9, peasant household chooses 4 times in hot pepper harvest time and 0.5kg hot pepper number is counted and recorded, and as a result sees
Table 4.Applying day ridge soil conditioner and compound fertilizer's processing average every 0.5kg hot pepper number compared with conventional fertilizer application is 98, few
6, average single weight is 5.11g, than conventional fertilizer application weight 6.5%.This result is consistent with 3 amount of dry matter result of table, it was demonstrated that
Application day ridge soil conditioner and compound fertilizer can increase hot pepper amount of dry matter, can significantly improve peasant household's hot pepper economic value.
9 days ridge soil conditioners of table and compound fertilizer demonstration test hot pepper
Hot pepper yield of the present invention, compared with conventional fertilizer application, application soil conditioner processing hot pepper yield is dramatically increased, and is increased
10% or more is produced, volume increase highest, volume increase 34.0% are handled with TJ3；The economic profit of hot pepper averagely improves 12.8%.
Hot pepper quality applies day ridge soil conditioner and compound fertilizer's processing is remarkably improved hot pepper compared with conventional fertilizer application
Soluble sugar content and Vitamin C content, with TJ3 processing soluble sugared content and Vitamin C content highest；Nitrate content omits
There is a reduction, less, hot pepper amount of dry matter is significantly increased 20% or so for amino acid content variation, handles dry matter content with TJ3
Highest.
Comprehensive hot pepper plot experiment and demonstration test are as a result, application day ridge soil conditioner and compound fertilizer can significantly improve
Yield, quality and the economic benefit of hot pepper.It is recommended that stone column peasant household applies day ridge conditioner Tian Ji compound fertilizer on hot pepper, to mention
Economic benefit of the high peasant household on hot pepper.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all in essence of the invention
Made any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention within mind and principle.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of Vegetable Base acidified soil Reducing amount of chemical fertilizer applied synergy and the method for improving chemical fertilizer utilization ratio, which is characterized in that described
The method of Vegetable Base acidified soil Reducing amount of chemical fertilizer applied synergy and raising chemical fertilizer utilization ratio is on the basis of manure use, to soil
200-300 kgs/acre of serious application conditioner and conventional fertilizer application occur for pH4-5 or planting vegetable disease, or apply conditioner
The fertilizer application mode of 200-300 kgs/acre and nitric acid phosphorous compound fertilizer different proportion；
To 100-150 kgs/acre of the application conditioner and conventional fertilizer application of soil pH 5-6,100-150 kgs/acre of conditioner and nitre
The fertilizer application mode of sour phosphorous compound fertilizer different proportion.
2. a kind of method based on Vegetable Base acidified soil Reducing amount of chemical fertilizer applied synergy described in claim 1 and raising chemical fertilizer utilization ratio
Solanaceous vegetables fertilizing method, which is characterized in that the solanaceous vegetables apply the fertile mould of nitric acid phosphorous compound fertilizer different proportion
Formula are as follows:
Base fertilizer: 20-50 kgs/acre of nitric acid phosphorus compound fertilizer；
Propose seedling top dressing: 20-40 kgs/acre of phosphorus-potassium nitrate fertilizer；
Fruiting top dressing: 20-40 kgs/acre of nitric acid phosphorus compound fertilizer.
3. solanaceous vegetables fertilizing method as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that the solanaceous vegetables fertilizing method tool
Body includes:
Step 1, before transplanting, the method applied using ditch spread or nest applies 150-200 kgs/acre of conditioner and phosphorus-potassium nitrate fertilizer 20-
40 kgs/acre or conventional fertilizer application, directly plough and mix with soil；
Step 2 mentions seedling top dressing, 20-40 kgs/acre of phosphorus-potassium nitrate fertilizer or conventional fertilizer application；
Step 3, fruiting top dressing, 20-40 kgs/acre of nitric acid phosphorus compound fertilizer or conventional fertilizer application；
Step 4 harvests after fertilising 20 days.
4. a kind of method based on Vegetable Base acidified soil Reducing amount of chemical fertilizer applied synergy described in claim 1 and raising chemical fertilizer utilization ratio
Balling leaf vegetables fertilizing method, which is characterized in that the balling leaf vegetables applies the fertilising of nitric acid phosphorous compound fertilizer different proportion
Mode are as follows:
Base fertilizer: 20-45 kgs/acre of nitric acid phosphorus compound fertilizer；
Top dressing: 10-30 kgs/acre of nitric acid phosphorus compound fertilizer.
5. balling leaf vegetables fertilizing method as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that the balling leaf vegetables fertilizing method tool
Body are as follows:
Step 1, before transplanting, the method spread fertilizer over the fields using ditch spread or surface soil, applies 150-200 kgs/acre of conditioner and nitric acid phosphorus is compound
Fertile 20-45 kgs/acre or conventional fertilizer application, directly plough and mix with soil；
Step 2, top dressing apply 10-30 kgs/acre of phosphorus-potassium nitrate fertilizer；
Step 3, harvested vegetable again after fertilising one month.
6. a kind of method based on Vegetable Base acidified soil Reducing amount of chemical fertilizer applied synergy described in claim 1 and raising chemical fertilizer utilization ratio
Leafy vegetable fertilizing method, which is characterized in that the leafy vegetable applies the fertilizer application mode of nitric acid phosphorous compound fertilizer different proportion
Are as follows:
Base fertilizer: 20-40 kgs/acre or 20-30 kgs/acre of nitrophosphate fertilizer of nitric acid phosphorus compound fertilizer；
Top dressing: 10-30 kgs/acre of 10-30 kgs/acre of phosphorus-potassium nitrate fertilizer or nitric acid phosphorus compound fertilizer.
7. leafy vegetable fertilizing method as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that the leafy vegetable fertilizing method are as follows:
Step 1, vegetables are before live streaming or transplanting；Directly spread fertilizer over the fields 20-30 kgs/acre of 200 kgs/acre+phosphorus-potassium nitrate fertilizer of conditioner
Or conventional fertilizer application, it directly ploughs and is mixed with soil；
Step 2, top dressing；It is determined according to crop growing state, 10-20 kgs/acre of top dressing phosphorus-potassium nitrate fertilizer；Or nitric acid phosphorus compound fertilizer 10-
20 kgs/acre or conventional fertilizer application.
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Application publication date: 20190924 |