CN113804598A - Construction environment monitoring system and monitoring method based on big data - Google Patents
Construction environment monitoring system and monitoring method based on big data Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于大数据的施工环境监测系统及监测方法，属于环保监测技术领域，系统包括数据采集模块、无线收发模块、数据传输模块、主控制器、预警模块、显示模块、供电模块、数据库和信息监控平台；监测方法包括对所有监测点进行信息登记与记录；使用无线数据传输方式进行远程数据传输；将粉尘颗粒物浓度正常的数据录入正常信息数据库中；将粉尘颗粒物浓度超标数据进行数据处理；对结果进行人工复核以确保结果的真实性。本发明施工环境监测系统通过获取不同施工阶段的施工扬尘浓度，掌握不同工序下的扬尘污染情况和排放特点，为进一步研究建筑工地施工扬尘的扩散规律提供数据支撑，同时也能够加强施工现场的扬尘污染预防与控制。
The invention discloses a construction environment monitoring system and monitoring method based on big data, belonging to the technical field of environmental protection monitoring. The system includes a data acquisition module, a wireless transceiver module, a data transmission module, a main controller, an early warning module, a display module and a power supply module , database and information monitoring platform; monitoring methods include registering and recording information on all monitoring points; using wireless data transmission for remote data transmission; entering data with normal dust particle concentration into the normal information database; Data processing; manual review of results to ensure the authenticity of the results. The construction environment monitoring system of the present invention obtains the construction dust concentration in different construction stages, grasps the dust pollution situation and emission characteristics in different processes, provides data support for further research on the diffusion law of construction dust on construction sites, and can also strengthen the dust on the construction site. Pollution Prevention and Control.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of environmental protection monitoring, in particular to a construction environment monitoring system and a monitoring method based on big data.
Background
In recent years, with the rapid development of economy in China, the living standard of people is increasingly improved, but the influence on the ecological environment is neglected in the process of continuously developing economy. Especially for the major countries constructing infrastructures, in order to realize sustainable development, the protection of ecological environment must be further strengthened in daily project construction work.
The environmental protection monitoring system based on the big data (CN 113034880A) comprises a harmful gas monitoring component, a dust monitoring component, a sewage discharge monitoring component and a noise monitoring component which are arranged in a factory, wherein the harmful gas monitoring component, the dust monitoring component, the sewage discharge monitoring component and the noise monitoring component are all in wireless connection with a monitoring host, the monitoring host is respectively and electrically connected with a display screen and an alarm, and the monitoring host is also in wireless connection with a cloud server; harmful gas monitoring subassembly, dust monitoring subassembly, sewage discharge monitoring subassembly and noise monitoring subassembly discharge data transmission to monitoring host computer that will monitor, and the monitoring host computer is uploaded to cloud ware again, and the supervision department can real time monitoring mill's discharge condition and abnormal conditions through cloud ware, has improved supervisory efficiency and supervision effect greatly.
"a big data based environmental monitoring system" (CN 111220211A) provides a big data based environmental monitoring system, the intelligent environment monitoring system comprises an intelligent terminal, a communication module, an environment monitoring system microcontroller, a router, a sulfur dioxide sensor, a carbon monoxide sensor, a nitrogen dioxide sensor, an ozone sensor, a dust monitor, a temperature and humidity sensor and an air speed sensor, wherein the environment monitoring system microcontroller transmits received sulfur dioxide concentration signals, carbon oxide concentration signals, nitrogen dioxide concentration signals, ozone concentration signals, dust concentration signals, temperature and humidity signals and air speed signals to the intelligent terminal through the communication module, and the intelligent terminal controls whether each monitoring sensor works or not according to the received humidity signals, meanwhile, the dust monitor comprises a signal amplifying circuit, so that the dust monitoring precision can be greatly improved.
There is no effective detection system for construction dust. The construction dust emission refers to pollution to the atmosphere caused by a large amount of dust particles generated by the activities of constructors or the operation of machinery in the building construction activities, and is also a main source of dust emission in the air of the urban environment and a primary object for controlling the dust emission pollution. The construction raise dust of different degrees can all be produced in the different stages of construction and different construction modes, can play the influence of vertical or horizontal diffusion to the diffusion of raise dust. The generation of construction raise dust runs through the whole process of engineering construction, and the construction raise dust emission of different degrees can be generated from the foundation pit supporting and earthwork construction stage to the decoration construction stage of the building engineering construction. The device has the characteristics of wide forming range, random discharge, difficulty in accurate measurement of discharge amount and high dust management difficulty. The influence factors of the construction raise dust are complex, and the influence factors not only relate to factors such as engineering scale, construction stage, construction strength, mechanization degree and construction materials, but also relate to climatic factors such as temperature, humidity and wind speed of the construction site.
However, in a construction project, a construction environment monitoring system is urgently needed, which promotes modernization and scientization of engineering project management and simultaneously realizes good protection of the environment.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a construction environment monitoring system and a monitoring method based on big data, which are used for detecting the concentration of dust particles in a construction environment in real time, reminding monitoring personnel in time and realizing comprehensive monitoring of the environmental condition in the construction process.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a construction environment monitoring system based on big data comprises an environment monitoring device for monitoring the site environment, a database for storing and integrating the big data and an information monitoring platform for overall monitoring the environment;
the environment monitoring devices are respectively arranged at 1 of a plurality of construction sites, and are arranged at 1 of the construction sites under the condition of no construction environment; the environment monitoring device comprises a plurality of data acquisition modules for measuring environment data, a wireless transceiving module and a data transmission module for receiving and transmitting the environment data, a main controller for processing and uploading the environment data in real time, an early warning module connected with the main controller, a display module and a power supply module;
a plurality of main controllers arranged in the environment monitoring devices on the construction site and a main controller arranged in the environment monitoring devices under the construction-free environment upload environment information to a database, and an information monitoring platform interacts with the database, so that a supervisor can master the dust pollution conditions and emission characteristics under different procedures.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: in the environment monitoring device of the construction site, a data acquisition module is arranged at a plurality of monitoring points within the construction site range, and transmits environment data and the working state of equipment through a wireless sensing network;
in the environment monitoring device under the non-construction environment, a data acquisition module is arranged at a plurality of monitoring points in a normal environment range, and transmits environment data and the working state of equipment through a wireless sensing network;
the data acquisition module comprises a microprocessor, a GPS, a dust collector and a wireless transceiver, wherein the GPS, the dust collector and the wireless transceiver are respectively connected with the microprocessor and are used for positioning the geographical position information of different monitoring points, the dust collector is used for detecting and storing dust particulate matter PM10 and PM2.5, and the wireless transceiver is used for carrying out video recording on the construction process, monitoring and transmitting environmental data.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: the wireless sensing network adopts the ZigBee technology.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: the monitoring points are arranged in the maximum landing concentration area of the emission source in the downwind direction, and are distributed according to the principle of capturing the maximum pollution characteristics.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: the main controller is a raspberry group, performs all-weather 24-hour continuous automatic monitoring and threshold early warning on the site, and remotely transmits data to the database in a wired, wireless and 4G/5G mode.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: the database is a MySQL database which comprises a normal information database and an early warning information database; the database is provided with two users with different authorities, including a common user and a root user; the root user has the highest authority and can modify the authority of the common user, including the management authorities of limiting the operation of the common user, changing the password of the common user and the like; the common user only has the basic rights of account management, monitoring point state viewing and report form viewing.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: and setting PM10 and PM2.5 thresholds in the database, wherein the thresholds are used for judging whether the difference between the concentration of the dust particles on the construction site and the concentration of the dust particles in the construction-free environment exceeds the standard or not.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: the information monitoring platform adopts a browser/server mode, only one server needs to be maintained, the core part for realizing the system function is centralized on the server, and the browser interacts with the database through a web server.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: the construction environment monitoring system adopts a three-layer system architecture of the Internet of things and comprises a sensing layer, a network layer and an application layer.
A construction environment monitoring method based on big data comprises the following steps:
s1, initializing the system, and registering and recording information of all monitoring points of all construction sites;
s2, after the data acquisition module starts to work, remote data transmission is carried out by using a wireless data transmission mode;
s3, distinguishing the difference value between the dust particle concentration of each construction site and the dust particle concentration of the non-construction environment in the database, if the dust particle concentration of all monitoring points of the construction site and the dust particle concentration of the non-construction environment are within the threshold range, recording the difference values into a normal information database, and returning to S1;
s4, if the difference value between the concentration of the dust particles at the monitoring point and the concentration of the dust particles in the non-construction environment exceeds a threshold value, carrying out data processing on the data of the construction site;
s41, judging the concentration increment of the dust particles;
s42 distribution condition information of dust particles;
s43, recording the result into the early warning information database and carrying out early warning notification, wherein managers in different levels can receive the notification;
s5, manually rechecking the result to ensure the authenticity of the result;
s51, if the rechecking result is greatly different from the monitoring result, the root user needs to correct the detection result and record the correction process and reason;
and S52, if the monitoring result is in accordance with the reality, storing the result and generating a related construction environmental pollution report.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the technical progress that:
1. the invention gives different authorities to users of different levels and the function of classifying and storing different data through the structural design of the database, thereby not only realizing the basic functions of data query and statistics, but also achieving the technical characteristics of classifying and counting the data, carrying out comparative analysis with other data information, sharing the functions of fully and effectively utilizing the data and playing a reference role in the construction of the construction environment later.
2. The invention realizes the all-weather operation of the equipment by adopting a power supply combination mode of the storage battery and the solar cell panel.
3. The invention realizes the comprehensive perception of the environment state of the construction site by reasonably arranging the monitoring points of the data acquisition device.
4. According to the invention, the data acquisition module combining the high-sensitivity PM10 and PM2.5 dust collectors with video monitoring is adopted, so that the limitations of a traditional chemical analysis mode and single instrument monitoring are overcome, and the technical characteristics of diversification and intellectualization of monitoring data are achieved.
5. According to the invention, the concentration of the dust particles in the construction-free environment is collected for reference, so that the construction environment monitoring system is not influenced by the concentration change of the dust particles in the natural environment, and the monitoring data is more real.
6. The invention can achieve the combination of data and monitoring technology by effectively combining the data acquisition module and the wireless transmission communication technology, effectively solves the problems of complex data transmission and system wiring in a complex construction site, and ensures the technical effects of real-time performance and effectiveness of data transmission.
7. The main controller adopts the raspberry group, only needs to change corresponding codes and remote control on the raspberry group when different tasks are developed, does not need to be re-fired like a single chip microcomputer, can complete more complex task management and program development, is simpler and more convenient when data is wirelessly transmitted, and has better functions of data storage, data recording and the like.
8. According to the invention, the information of a plurality of acquisition points of a plurality of construction sites is integrated to the information monitoring platform, big data intelligent processing is carried out according to the data acquired in real time, and all construction site dust particle distribution maps, trend analysis maps, alarm records and real-time data monitoring condition charts in a certain range are generated, so that the information of the monitoring points is managed in real time and historical data is inquired.
9. The invention adopts a common system platform to build an integral framework structure, so that the system has better compatibility and data sharing and has the technical characteristic of diversified data processing means.
10. According to the invention, the early warning module is arranged and an alarm signal is sent out when the concentration of dust particles exceeds the standard, so that the warning effect is achieved, and meanwhile, the reference effect is also played for the treatment of construction flying dust.
11. The invention has the characteristics of low cost, good stability, strong manageability, strong operability and strong expandability, and can achieve the technical effects of adapting to different types of weather conditions, reducing the construction cost, being easy to master by related managers and ensuring the smooth construction progress.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the system architecture of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an environmental monitoring apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the data acquisition module of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of the Internet of things of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of the present invention;
the system comprises a main controller 1, a data acquisition module 2, a GPS 2, a dust collector 2-3, a video monitor 2-4, a microprocessor 2-5, a wireless transceiver 3, an early warning module 4, a display module 5, a data transmission module 6, a wireless transceiver module 7, a database 8, a power supply module 9 and an information monitoring platform.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following figures and examples:
as shown in FIG. 1, the construction environment monitoring system based on big data is characterized in that: the system comprises an environment monitoring device for monitoring the field environment, a database 7 for storing and integrating big data and an information monitoring platform 9 for overall monitoring the environment.
The environment monitoring device is respectively provided with 1 in a plurality of construction sites, and is provided with 1 in a construction-free environment.
In the embodiment of the invention, the environment monitoring devices are arranged at each construction point in the whole city, the environment monitoring devices for measuring the concentration of the standard dust particles are arranged at the meteorological observation stations in the urban area, and the concentration of the dust particles at each construction point in the whole city is compared with the concentration of the standard dust particles and then displayed on the information monitoring platform 9, so that the construction supervision department can conveniently and uniformly manage the dust particles.
As shown in fig. 2, the environment monitoring device includes a plurality of data acquisition modules 2 for measuring environment data, a wireless transceiver module 6 and a data transmission module 5 for receiving and transmitting the environment data, a main controller 1 for processing and uploading the environment data in real time, an early warning module 3 connected with the main controller, a display module 4 and a power supply module 8; a plurality of main control unit 1 uploads environmental information to database 7 through the network, and information monitoring platform 9 makes the supervisor master raise dust pollution condition and emission characteristics under the different processes through interacting with database 7.
In the embodiment of the invention, the main controller 1 is a raspberry type, carries out all-weather 24-hour continuous automatic monitoring and threshold early warning on the site, and remotely transmits data to the database 7 in a wired, wireless and 4G/5G mode.
The raspberry pie is based on a Linux system, adopts an ARM controller, takes Python as a minimum desktop computer for mainly developing languages, is selected as a main controller of the system to control data collection of a data acquisition module due to the characteristics of small volume, complete functions, easy maintenance and the like, and also becomes a key for building a gateway. And the control programs of the system are all written in a raspberry group by using Python language to control the functions of data acquisition, data uploading and data processing. The overall structural design of the gateway is very important, the gateway can not only collect and process the information of the system such as network state, equipment running state, faults, alarms and the like, but also upload the information to the database 7 and the information monitoring platform in real time, and can better promote the data to be timely and accurately provided for users to be displayed.
As shown in FIG. 3, the data acquisition module 2 comprises a microprocessor 2-4, and a GPS 2-1, a dust collector 2-2, a video monitor 2-3 and a wireless transceiver 2-5 which are respectively connected with the microprocessor. GPS 2-1 is used for positioning the geographical position information of different monitoring points, dust collector 2-2 detects and stores dust particulate matter PM10 and PM2.5 which mainly affect the environment, video monitoring 2-3 carries out video recording on the construction process or normal environment, microprocessor 2-4 integrates the geographical position information, dust particulate matter concentration information and process video information of different monitoring points into environmental data, and transmits the environmental data and the working state of the equipment in real time through wireless transceiver 2-5.
In the embodiment of the invention, the number of the data acquisition modules 2 arranged on the construction site is determined according to the number of the monitoring points, and the number of the data acquisition modules 2 arranged in the construction-free environment is 1.
In the embodiment of the invention, the early warning module 3 adopts an infrared warning device and has the on-site warning and prompting functions of PM2.5 and PM10 pollutant exceeding standards. The alarm signal can play a warning role and also play a reference role in the treatment of construction raise dust.
In the embodiment of the invention, the display module 4 adopts an LED display screen to display real-time data and historical data of the dust particle concentration of each monitoring point in real time.
In the embodiment of the invention, the wireless transmission system comprises a data transmission module 5, a wireless transceiver module 6 and a plurality of wireless transceivers 2-5, and adopts the ZigBee technology. ZigBee is a two-way wireless communication technology, has the characteristics of short distance, low power consumption and low speed, the protocol is based on IEEE802.15.4 standard, and the ZigBee is mainly suitable for the conditions of a large number of nodes and various network topological structures in the automatic control field or the remote control field.
In the embodiment of the invention, an environment monitoring system based on big data arranges a plurality of monitoring points in the construction field range, and a data acquisition module 2, a data transmission module 5 and a wireless transceiving module 6 are arranged to form a wireless sensing network. In order to ensure that the monitoring points are arranged as reasonably as possible, the monitoring points are arranged in the maximum landing concentration area of the emission source downwind direction, and are arranged according to the principle of capturing the maximum pollution characteristics, so that the method is favorable for controlling the raise dust generated in the construction site and reducing the influence on the surrounding environment.
The database 7 is a MySQL database, which comprises a normal information database and an early warning information database. When the construction environment monitoring requirement is met, the system can also run on a plurality of system platforms, so that the system has higher utilization rate. The database 7 is provided with two different rights of users, including normal users and root users. The root user has the highest authority, and can modify the authority of the ordinary user, including limiting the operation of the ordinary user, changing the password of the ordinary user and other management authorities. The common user only has the basic rights of account management, monitoring point state viewing and report form viewing.
In the embodiment of the invention, the power supply module 8 adopts a power supply combination mode of a storage battery and a solar cell panel to supply power in all weather.
The information monitoring platform 9 adopts a browser/server mode of a B/S architecture, the mode only needs to maintain one server, core parts for realizing system functions are centralized on the server, and the browser interacts with the database 7 through a web server.
The working principle is as follows:
as shown in fig. 4, the environmental data collected by the data collection module 2 is subjected to data interaction with the raspberry pi through the ZigBee network, and the raspberry pi serves as a gateway of the ZigBee wireless sensor network to perform functions of protocol conversion, data transceiving, process communication, network management, data storage, and data fusion, and the raspberry pi transmits and stores the received data into the MySQL database 7 and displays the data on the information monitoring platform 9, and finally the information monitoring platform 9 enables a user to access and view the data of the cloud platform through a mobile phone terminal or a PC terminal through data fusion and a real-time data feedback function, so as to realize visualization and remote monitoring of the data.
When the data acquisition module 2 acquires different types of information such as dust particulate matter PM10, PM2.5, geographical position information of monitoring points, construction process videos and the like, the gateway can perform data fusion and data processing on the information, so that the stability and accuracy of data transmission are ensured; the network management function is mainly responsible for tasks such as network establishment, network address allocation and the like in the data transmission process.
The database 7 compares the dust particle concentrations of a plurality of construction sites with standard dust particle concentrations set in a construction-free environment, if the difference is larger than a set threshold value, the data is abnormal data, when the judgment result is abnormal environment data information, construction site locations and corresponding environment data are called, the process that the process is in problem is determined through monitoring videos, and the environment data information and the early warning information of the locations are stored in an early warning information database and sent to corresponding supervisors through the early warning module 3.
The information monitoring platform 9 acquires the environmental information by interacting with the database 7. The information monitoring platform 9 displays the real-time dust particle concentration data of each monitoring point on line so as to realize real-time monitoring of a plurality of construction sites in an area, realize statistical analysis of historical monitoring data, and realize functions of on-line data downloading, image query and the like. The system has the functions of pollutant overproof alarm and authority management, and can display required information to managers in different layers. Meanwhile, the system can transmit data groups at independent time intervals, and can receive functions of supervision, data calling, inquiry, downloading and the like of relevant environmental protection departments at any time so as to ensure the integrity of the system.
As shown in fig. 5, the construction environment monitoring system follows a three-layer architecture of the internet of things, including a sensing layer, a network layer, and an application layer.
The perception layer is the basic bottom of thing networking, mainly is used for carrying out PM10, PM 2.5's acquisition, including dust collector and video monitoring, mainly is responsible for the acquisition to the dust particulate matter data of each monitoring point and corresponding construction data.
The network layer realizes stable data transmission and data processing functions. The construction environment monitoring system mainly adopts the ZigBee technology, has the characteristics of low power consumption, low cost, large network capacity and the like, and can effectively improve the reliability of data transmission. Based on the ZigBee wireless communication technology and the sensor technology, the positioning function of the monitoring points is realized on the basis of safe and reliable data transmission by acquiring environmental data, so that the environment is comprehensively monitored in the construction process, and green construction is guaranteed.
The application layer processes the data transmitted from the network layer through the system, so as to realize better application. In the construction environment monitoring system, data transmitted from a network layer are classified, stored and checked, and functions of monitoring point query, alarm record query, data statistical analysis, real-time monitoring, production trend analysis chart and the like are realized at a webpage end, so that a supervisor can manage information of a monitoring point in real time and query historical data.
As shown in fig. 6, a monitoring method of a construction environment monitoring system based on big data specifically includes the following steps:
s1, initializing the system, and registering and recording information of all monitoring points of all construction sites;
s2, after the data acquisition module 2 starts working, remote data transmission is carried out by using a wireless data transmission mode;
s3, in the database 7, judging the difference value between the dust particle concentration of each construction site and the dust particle concentration of the non-construction environment, if the dust particle concentration of all monitoring points of the construction site and the dust particle concentration of the non-construction environment are within the threshold range, recording the difference values into a normal information database, and returning to S1;
s4, if the difference between the dust particle concentration of the monitoring point and the dust particle concentration of the non-construction environment exceeds a threshold value, carrying out data processing on the data of the construction site:
s41, judging the concentration increment of the dust particles;
s42 distribution condition information of dust particles;
s43, recording the result into the early warning information database and carrying out early warning notification, wherein managers in different levels can receive the notification;
s5, manually rechecking the result to ensure the authenticity of the result:
s51, if the rechecking result is greatly different from the monitoring result, the root user needs to correct the detection result and record the correction process and reason;
s52 if the monitoring result accords with reality, then to the result save with generate relevant construction environmental pollution report form, be convenient for the supervisor to carry out real-time monitoring to PM10, PM2.5 change at different monitoring points, this system has PM10, PM2.5 real-time change curve interface, also can be through historical data inquiry, the condition of arbitrary time point PM10, PM2.5 is analyzed, be convenient for the supervisor can know the change of construction environment more, the construction video of this time point of reunion, indirect analysis goes out the reason that leads to the increase of dust particulate matter.
In conclusion, the construction environment monitoring system provided by the invention can master the dust pollution conditions and emission characteristics under different procedures by acquiring the construction dust concentrations in different construction stages, provide data support for further researching the diffusion rule of construction dust on the construction site, and meanwhile can enhance the prevention and control of dust pollution on the construction site.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a construction environment monitoring system based on big data which characterized in that: the system comprises an environment monitoring device for monitoring the field environment, a database (7) for storing and integrating big data and an information monitoring platform (9) for overall monitoring the environment;
the environment monitoring devices are respectively arranged at 1 of a plurality of construction sites, and are arranged at 1 of the construction sites under the condition of no construction environment; the environment monitoring device comprises a plurality of data acquisition modules (2) for measuring environment data, a wireless transceiving module (6) and a data transmission module (5) for receiving and transmitting the environment data, a main controller (1) for processing and uploading the environment data in real time, an early warning module (3) connected with the main controller (1), a display module (4) and a power supply module (8);
a plurality of main controller (1) arranged in the environment monitoring device of the construction site and the main controller (1) arranged in the environment monitoring device under the construction-free environment upload the environment information to the database (7), and the information monitoring platform (9) interacts with the database (7) to enable a supervisor to master the dust pollution condition and the emission characteristics under different processes.
2. The big-data based construction environment monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein: in the environment monitoring device of the construction site, a data acquisition module (2) is arranged at a plurality of monitoring points within the construction site range, and transmits environment data and the working state of equipment through a wireless sensing network;
in the environment monitoring device under the non-construction environment, a data acquisition module (2) is arranged at a plurality of monitoring points in a normal environment range, and transmits environment data and the working state of equipment through a wireless sensing network;
the data acquisition module (2) comprises a microprocessor (2-4), a GPS (2-1) which is respectively connected with the microprocessor and used for positioning geographical position information of different monitoring points, a dust collector (2-2) for detecting and storing dust particulate matter PM10 and PM2.5, a video monitor (2-3) for carrying out video recording on a construction process and a wireless transceiver (2-5) for transmitting environmental data.
3. The big-data based construction environment monitoring system according to claim 2, wherein: the wireless sensing network adopts the ZigBee technology.
4. The big-data based construction environment monitoring system according to claim 2, wherein: the monitoring points are arranged in the maximum landing concentration area of the emission source in the downwind direction, and are distributed according to the principle of capturing the maximum pollution characteristics.
5. The big-data based construction environment monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein: the main controller (1) is a raspberry type, performs all-weather 24-hour continuous automatic monitoring and threshold early warning on the site, and remotely transmits data to the database (7) in a wired, wireless and 4G/5G mode.
6. The big-data based construction environment monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein: the database (7) is a MySQL database which comprises a normal information database and an early warning information database; the database (7) is provided with two users with different authorities, including a common user and a root user; the root user has the highest authority and can modify the authority of the common user, including the management authorities of limiting the operation of the common user, changing the password of the common user and the like; the common user only has the basic rights of account management, monitoring point state viewing and report form viewing.
7. The big-data based construction environment monitoring system according to claim 6, wherein: and PM10 and PM2.5 thresholds are set in the database (7), and the thresholds are used for judging whether the difference between the concentration of the dust particles on the construction site and the concentration of the dust particles in the non-construction environment exceeds the standard or not.
8. The big-data based construction environment monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein: the information monitoring platform (9) adopts a browser/server mode, only one server needs to be maintained, the core part for realizing the system function is centralized on the server, and the browser interacts with the database (7) through a web server.
9. The big-data based construction environment monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein: the construction environment monitoring system adopts a three-layer system architecture of the Internet of things and comprises a sensing layer, a network layer and an application layer.
10. A monitoring method using the big-data based construction environment monitoring system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, initializing the system, and registering and recording information of all monitoring points of all construction sites;
s2, after the data acquisition module (2) starts to work, remote data transmission is carried out in a wireless data transmission mode;
s3, in the database (7), judging the difference value between the dust particle concentration of each construction site and the dust particle concentration of the non-construction environment, if the difference values between the dust particle concentrations of all monitoring points of the construction site and the dust particle concentrations of the non-construction environment are within the threshold range, recording the difference values into a normal information database, and returning to S1;
s4, if the difference value between the concentration of the dust particles at the monitoring point and the concentration of the dust particles in the non-construction environment exceeds a threshold value, carrying out data processing on the data of the construction site;
s41, judging the concentration increment of the dust particles;
s42 distribution condition information of dust particles;
s43, recording the result into the early warning information database and carrying out early warning notification, wherein managers in different levels can receive the notification;
s5, manually rechecking the result to ensure the authenticity of the result;
s51, if the rechecking result is greatly different from the monitoring result, the root user needs to correct the detection result and record the correction process and reason;
and S52, if the monitoring result is in accordance with the reality, storing the result and generating a related construction environmental pollution report.
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