CN113773750A - 一种水溶性阻燃超双疏涂料、制备方法及涂层 - Google Patents
一种水溶性阻燃超双疏涂料、制备方法及涂层 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113773750A CN113773750A CN202111171059.3A CN202111171059A CN113773750A CN 113773750 A CN113773750 A CN 113773750A CN 202111171059 A CN202111171059 A CN 202111171059A CN 113773750 A CN113773750 A CN 113773750A
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- 239000004254 Ammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种水溶性阻燃超双疏涂料、制备方法及涂层,按重量百分比计,包括:微纳粒子0.1~5%、阻燃剂0.1~5%、双组份低表面能物质0.4~20%,余量为溶剂;双组份低表面能物质包括A组分和B组分,A组分为含氟或含碳的表面活性剂,B组分为含氟低表面能物质;其中A组分至少占双组份低表面能物质质量的10%;本发明提供的水溶性阻燃超双疏涂料将微纳粒子、阻燃剂和双组分低表面能物质相结合,通过多组分的协同效应实现了材料的高阻燃和表面的超双疏性;得到的涂料可以用于木质建筑保护、生活家居及特种防护服等多种基材,可解决当前阻燃涂料有效成分易流失、耐候性差的问题,满足对易燃材料阻燃防火、表面抗水拒油和绿色环保长效耐候的要求。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及涂料及制备方法技术领域,具体涉及一种水溶性阻燃超双疏涂料、制备方法及涂层。
背景技术
火灾对公共安全和社会发展存在着极大威胁,法国巴黎圣母院在2019年4月突遭大火,其木质屋架被完全燃烧致使整座建筑损毁严重。除了历史建筑和珍贵文物以外,日常生活中常用的材料如竹木建材、棉、麻、丝、纤维纺织品等材料因其有着火温度低、氧指数低而容易自燃。其一旦着火,极易造成火势的蔓延扩大,从而增加火灾的危险。因此,对这些易燃材料进行阻燃处理十分重要。目前已有多种方法可用于易燃材料的阻燃改性,其中利用阻燃涂料对易燃材料表面进行阻燃处理,或在材料表面构筑涂层是降低材料易燃性的有效途径。该方法具有操作简单,不改变基材的本征性能等而被广泛应用。然而,大多数阻燃涂料具有亲水结构,耐水性差且不耐油污,存在着与基材相容性不好,在高温、高湿条件下易从基材中迁移、析出等缺陷。并且经阻燃涂料表面处理后的材料在经过水浸或水洗后会出现阻燃剂流失及阻燃效果下降的问题,导致其使用受限。
超双疏表面是指水和油在其表面的静态接触角均大于150°,滚动角小于10°的表面,其可防水、防油及防多种有机溶剂润湿等,可广泛应用于纺织品、木材、金属及塑料等多种材料的抗油污、防腐蚀处理。制备得到的超双疏表面通常具有粗糙结构和较低的表面自由能。如通过将氟硅烷和氰基丙烯酸正丁酯分散于二氯五氟丙烷溶剂,随后再通过浸涂或喷涂法将所得溶液涂覆于材料表面,即可构筑多重凹形粗糙结构而得到超双疏表面。如通过对纤维、织物等基材用异氰酸酯进行表面化学修饰,随后将其置于羟基封端聚丁烯或氟代长链(硫)醇等的低表面能物质溶液后,即可得到超双疏水表面,其使用溶剂为乙酸乙酯、乙烷或甲苯等溶剂。
虽然,超双疏性能结合到阻燃涂层能够极大程度地改善阻燃涂层的耐水耐油性能,可有效减少其因水洗或油污等原因所导致的阻燃成分的失效,超双疏的自清洁、抗油污、防腐蚀等特点也扩大了阻燃涂层的适用范围并增强涂层的实用性能。但是由于大多低表面能物质需要分散在易挥发的有机溶剂中,因此在制备阻燃超双疏涂料时会使用大量有机溶剂。这不仅增加了阻燃超双疏涂料的制备成本,还会产生大量易挥发性的有机物质(VOCs)等废气,对人们的健康安全和生态环境造成严重威胁。此外,有机物的易挥发性和低燃点性使其遇明火时易引起燃烧甚至爆炸,该安全隐患给涂层溶液的储备、运输造成不变,极大地限制了涂料的实际应用。当材料应用于室外时需经受紫外照射、温度变化、风吹雨淋等气候的考验,涂层的耐候性也极为重要。因此,针对当前阻燃涂料的亲水且耐水性不好、不耐油污等缺点,制备一种高耐候且兼具超疏水、超疏油的水性阻燃涂料对于社会发展及日常生活具有重要的环境和经济意义。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术存在的问题提供一种可解决当前阻燃涂料有效成分易流失、耐候性差的问题,满足对易燃材料阻燃防火、表面抗水拒油和绿色环保长效耐候的要求的水溶性阻燃超双疏涂料、制备方法及涂层。
本发明采用的技术方案是:
一种水溶性阻燃超双疏涂料,按重量百分比计,包括:
微纳粒子0.1~5%、阻燃剂0.1~5%、双组份低表面能物质0.4~20%,余量为溶剂;
双组份低表面能物质包括A组分和B组分,A组分为含氟或含碳的表面活性剂,B组分为含氟低表面能物质;其中A组分至少占双组份低表面能物质质量的10%。
进一步的,所述微纳粒子为二氧化硅、氧化锌、二氧化钛、氧化铝、氮化铝、氧化镁、氢氧化镁、氢氧化钴、氧化锆、硫化银、碳酸钙、银粒子、石墨烯、碳纳米管、聚脲、聚脲醛、聚苯乙烯、聚丙烯酰胺、聚四氟乙烯、聚偏氟乙烯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯中的一种或两种及以上以任意比例构成的混合物。
进一步的,所述阻燃剂为聚磷酸铵、乙醇胺改性聚磷酸铵、乙二胺改性聚磷酸铵、丙二胺改性聚磷酸铵、派嗪改性聚磷酸铵、聚磷酸铵衍生物、聚磷酸盐、磷酸铵盐、聚磷酸密胺盐、磷酸酯、次磷酸盐、三聚氰胺、三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐、三聚氰胺磷酸酯、三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐、三氧化二锑、二硫代焦磷酸酯、二硫代磷酸新戊二酯、正硅酸四乙酯、碱金属离子、碱土金属离子、过渡金属离子、五水偏硅酸钠、聚硅酸、聚二甲基硅氧烷、三聚磷酸铝、磷酸三甲苯酯、亚磷酸三苯酯、甲基膦酸二甲酯、锌酸亚锡中的一种或两种及以上以任意比例构成的混合物。
进一步的,所述A组分为丙烯酸酯类乳液、苯丙类乳液、硅丙类乳液、聚醋酸乙烯酯类乳液、聚醋酸乙烯丙烯酸酯类乳液、聚氨酯类分散液、乙烯丙烯酸酯类乳液、聚山梨醇、十二烷基硫酸钠、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵、氟化丙烯酸类共聚物、氟化聚氨酯类共聚物、含氟非离子型表面活性剂、含氟阴离子型表面活性剂、含氟阳离子型表面活性剂中的一种或两种及以上以任意比例构成的混合物。
进一步的,所述B组分为氟辛基二甲基氯硅烷、全氟辛酰氯、全氟庚酸、全氟辛酸、聚全氟乙丙烯、全氟代烷氧基、全氟环状聚合物、对三氟甲氧基苯胺及其衍生物、4-(4-三氟甲氧基苯基偶氮)苯酚及其衍生物、氟代的长链醇、氟代的长链胺和含氟硅烷偶联剂中的一种或两种及以上以任意比例构成的混合物;含氟硅烷偶联剂具有以下线性结构式:
(CH3O)3Si(CH2)2(CF2)nCF3、
(CH3CH2O)3Si(CH2)2(CF2)nCF3或
Cl3Si(CH2)2(CF2)nCF3,
其中n≥1的含氟硅烷偶联剂。
一种水溶性阻燃超双疏涂料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1:将微纳粒子、阻燃剂和A组分低表面能物质分散在溶剂中,搅拌充分反应后得到分散液;
步骤2:将B组分低表面能物质分散于步骤1得到的分散液中,继续搅拌充分反应完成后即可得到所需水溶性阻燃超双疏涂料。
进一步的,所述步骤1中的反应时间为0.5~96h。
进一步的,所述步骤2中的反应时间为0.5~96h。
采用得到的涂料制备得到的涂层,将涂料涂覆在基材上,即可得到所需涂层。
进一步的,所述涂覆方法为轧烘焙、喷涂法、刷涂或浸涂方法中的一种;基材为高分子材料基材、无机非金属材料基材、金属材料基材中的一种。
本发明的有益效果是:
(1)本发明提供的水溶性阻燃超双疏涂料将微纳粒子、阻燃剂和双组分低表面能物质相结合,通过多组分的协同效应实现了材料的高阻燃和表面的超双疏性;
(2)本发明得到的水溶性双疏涂料各组分含量搭配适当,通过特殊选择的涂料组分含量配比,可以实现最优的技术效果;
(3)本发明采用双组分低表面能物质,A组分和B组分的结合,可以协同降低涂层表面能的作用,并且可以使得涂料能够与水以任意比例混合;
(4)本发明得到的涂料可以用于木质建筑保护、生活家居及特种防护服等多种基材,可解决当前阻燃涂料有效成分易流失、耐候性差的问题,满足易燃材料对阻燃防火、表面抗水拒油和绿色环保长效耐候的要求;
(5)本发明制备方法不仅可以使微纳粒子与A组分低表面能物质充分反应,并且赋予微纳粒子疏水性能,使改性后的微纳粒子能够均匀致密地与阻燃剂相结合,还能使微纳粒子、阻燃剂和A组分、B组分低表面能物质通过共价键、氢键、静电相互作用、物理螯合作用等紧密连接,使其不会被溶剂洗掉或机械刮擦掉,可以保证涂层的阻燃超双疏的稳定性;
(6)本发明制备方法简单,原料来源广泛,制备条件温和,水为溶剂绿色环保且价格低廉,不仅可大规模生产,且有利于工业化应用推广。
附图说明
图1为实施例6中用到的基材(未改性棉布)的表面微观结构的SEM扫描电镜图。
图2为实施例6中采用水溶性阻燃超双疏涂料改性棉布基材的表面微观结构SEM扫描电镜图。
图3为多种液滴在实施例5制备得到的水溶性阻燃超双疏涂料涂覆的基材表面的润湿性示意图。
图4为实施例1水溶性阻燃超双疏涂料改性基材表面对正十二烷、食用油和水的静态接触角侧视图。
图5为实施例8水溶性阻燃超双疏涂料改性基材表面对水滴、食用油和正十二烷的动态润湿性侧视图。
图6为实施例6水溶性阻燃超双疏涂料改性的棉布基材与未改性的棉布基材的阻燃性能测试图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明做进一步说明。
以下实施例和对比例制备的涂料涂覆的涂层的表面微观结构、疏水疏油性能和垂直燃烧所用的测试方法如下:
SEM扫描电子显微镜,观察涂层表面的微观结构。接触角测试仪,用于测试涂层表面的疏水疏油性能。根据阻燃测试标准,采用垂直燃烧法使用水平垂直燃烧仪(CZF-3)测试未改性与改性棉布的阻燃性能。
一种水溶性阻燃超双疏涂料,按重量百分比计,包括:
微纳粒子0.1~5%、阻燃剂0.1~5%、双组份低表面能物质0.4~20%,余量为溶剂;
双组份低表面能物质包括A组分和B组分,A组分为含氟或含碳的表面活性剂,B组分为含氟低表面能物质;其中A组分至少占双组份低表面能物质质量的10%。
微纳粒子为二氧化硅、氧化锌、二氧化钛、氧化铝、氮化铝、氧化镁、氢氧化镁、氢氧化钴、氧化锆、硫化银、碳酸钙、银粒子、石墨烯、碳纳米管、聚脲、聚脲醛、聚苯乙烯、聚丙烯酰胺、聚四氟乙烯、聚偏氟乙烯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯中的一种或两种及以上以任意比例构成的混合物。阻燃剂为聚磷酸铵、乙醇胺改性聚磷酸铵、乙二胺改性聚磷酸铵、丙二胺改性聚磷酸铵、派嗪改性聚磷酸铵、聚磷酸铵衍生物、聚磷酸盐、磷酸铵盐、聚磷酸密胺盐、磷酸酯、次磷酸盐、三聚氰胺、三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐、三聚氰胺磷酸酯、三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐、三氧化二锑、二硫代焦磷酸酯、二硫代磷酸新戊二酯、正硅酸四乙酯、碱金属离子、碱土金属离子、过渡金属离子、五水偏硅酸钠、聚硅酸、聚二甲基硅氧烷、三聚磷酸铝、磷酸三甲苯酯、亚磷酸三苯酯、甲基膦酸二甲酯、锌酸亚锡中的一种或两种及以上以任意比例构成的混合物。所述A组分为丙烯酸酯类乳液、苯丙类乳液、硅丙类乳液、聚醋酸乙烯酯类乳液、聚醋酸乙烯丙烯酸酯类乳液、聚氨酯类分散液、乙烯丙烯酸酯类乳液、聚山梨醇、十二烷基硫酸钠、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵、氟化丙烯酸类共聚物、氟化聚氨酯类共聚物、含氟非离子型表面活性剂、含氟阴离子型表面活性剂、含氟阳离子型表面活性剂中的一种或两种及以上以任意比例构成的混合物。所述B组分为氟辛基二甲基氯硅烷、全氟辛酰氯、全氟庚酸、全氟辛酸、聚全氟乙丙烯、全氟代烷氧基、全氟环状聚合物、对三氟甲氧基苯胺及其衍生物、4-(4-三氟甲氧基苯基偶氮)苯酚及其衍生物、氟代的长链醇、氟代的长链胺和含氟硅烷偶联剂中的一种或两种及以上以任意比例构成的混合物;含氟硅烷偶联剂具有以下线性结构式:
(CH3O)3Si(CH2)2(CF2)nCF3、
(CH3CH2O)3Si(CH2)2(CF2)nCF3或
Cl3Si(CH2)2(CF2)nCF3,
其中n≥1的含氟硅烷偶联剂。B组分中的含氟硅烷偶联剂优选为全氟癸基三甲氧基硅烷、全氟癸基三乙氧基硅烷、全氟癸基三氯硅烷、全氟辛基三甲氧基硅烷、全氟辛基三乙氧基硅烷、全氟辛基三氯硅烷、全氟己基三氯硅烷中的一种或两种及以上以任意比例构成的混合物。
一种水溶性阻燃超双疏涂料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1:将微纳粒子、阻燃剂和A组分低表面能物质分散在溶剂中,搅拌反应0.5~96h后得到分散液;
步骤2:将B组分低表面能物质分散于步骤1得到的分散液中,继续搅拌反应0.5~96h后即可得到所需水溶性阻燃超双疏涂料。
将涂料涂覆在基材上,即可得到所需涂层。涂覆方法为轧烘焙、喷涂法、刷涂或浸涂方法中的一种;基材为高分子材料基材、无机非金属材料基材、金属材料基材中的一种。将涂料涂覆在基材表面,即可获得阻燃超双疏涂层,赋予基材阻燃性能和超双疏性能。可广泛应用于制备阻燃防腐竹木建材、防护服、多功能与智能纺织品、食品包装、液体运输、海洋防污、医疗器械、自清洁防腐蚀材料、建筑外墙、可移动或不可移动文物保护等领域。具体基材可以为天然纤维,如棉、麻、丝、毛,再生纤维素纤维,如粘胶纤维、莱赛尔纤维、莫代尔纤维、天丝,再生蛋白质纤维、合成纤维、织物与纺织品、木材、竹、软质泡沫、海绵、玻璃、石材、水泥板、陶瓷、钢、铜、铁、铝、聚偏氟乙烯膜、聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯薄膜、橡胶、纤维素膜或纸制品中的任一种。
在涂料的具体涂覆应用过程中,还可交替涂覆粘接剂以增加涂层的稳定性,使其能够稳定的黏附于基材表面。
实施例1
按照以下步骤制备水溶性阻燃超双疏涂料:
步骤1:将0.09g混合的氧化锌颗粒、氢氧化镁颗粒、硫化银、硫化锡颗粒,1.37g乙醇胺改性聚磷酸铵阻燃剂和5g十二烷基硫酸钠超声分散至30g水和13.02g丙酮构成的溶剂中,搅拌反应18h。
步骤2:将0.52g聚全氟乙丙烯、全氟代烷氧基混合构成的B组分低表面能物质分散至步骤1得到的分散液中,搅拌反应36h后即可得到水溶性阻燃超双疏涂料。
其中氧化锌颗粒、氢氧化镁颗粒、硫化银、硫化锡颗粒的平均尺寸约为300纳米。
将本实施例得到的涂料,采用轧烘焙的方法,涂覆至粘胶纤维表面,在其干燥后即可得到阻燃超双疏涂层。
得到的涂层对正十二烷、食用油和水的静态接触角测试图如图4所示。从图中可以看出,涂层表面对正十二烷、食用油以及水的静态接触角均高于150°,滚动角均低于5°,具有优异的超疏水和超疏油性能。所得到的改性粘胶纤维可通过垂直燃烧测试,即在点火12s时无明亮火焰产生,移开燃具后迅速自熄,仅留下约10cm的残碳,其余部分保持完整。
实施例2
按照以下步骤制备水溶性阻燃超双疏涂料:
步骤1:将0.05g混合的氢氧化镁颗粒和氧化镁颗粒,0.05g磷酸酯、次磷酸盐和三聚氰胺混合构成的阻燃剂和0.3g氟化聚氨酯类共聚物超声分散至35.5g水和11.4g正丙酮构成的溶剂中,搅拌反应36h。
步骤2:将2.7g全氟癸基三氯硅烷、全氟辛基三甲氧基硅烷混合构成的B组分低表面能物质分散至步骤1得到的分散液中,搅拌反应12h后即可得到水溶性阻燃超双疏涂料。
其中氢氧化镁颗粒和氧化镁颗粒的平均尺寸约为200纳米。
本实施例制备得到的涂料采用浸涂的方式,涂覆至木材表面,在其干燥后即可得到阻燃超双疏表面。
本实施例得到的涂层对水、甘油、石蜡油和正十二烷的接触角分别为162.5°、160.5°、158.5°和153.2°而其滚动角均低于10°。所得到的改性木材可通过垂直燃烧测试,即在点火10s后可实现离火自熄,仅留下约10cm的残碳,其余部分保持完整。基材也可以采用竹、软质泡沫、纤维素膜及纸制品等多种基材所代替。
实施例3
按照以下步骤制备水溶性阻燃超双疏涂料:
步骤1:将2.5g聚脲醛和聚脲颗粒、2.5g三氧化二锑、二硫代焦磷酸酯、二硫代磷酸新戊二酯混合构成的阻燃剂,0.1g丙烯酸酯乳液、苯丙乳液混合构成的A组分低表面能物质超声分散至20g水和24.8g构成的混合溶剂中,搅拌反应48h。
步骤2:将0.1g全氟辛基三乙氧基硅烷和全氟辛基三氯硅烷构成的B组分低表面能物质分散至步骤1得到的分散液中,搅拌反应36h后即可得到水溶性阻燃超双疏涂料。
其中聚脲醛、聚脲颗粒的平均尺寸约为300微米。
将本实施例得到的水溶性阻燃超双疏涂料,采用刷涂的方法,涂覆至玻璃表面,将其于45℃烘箱中烘干,即可得到超双疏表面。
本实施例得到的涂层对水、甘油、柴油和正十六烷的接触角分别为160.5°、159.45°、154.5°和152°而其滚动角均低于10°。除此之外,玻璃基材也可以被石材、水泥板和陶瓷等多种基材所代替。
实施例4
按照以下步骤制备水溶性阻燃超双疏涂料:
步骤1:将1.38g氧化铝和氮化铝混合颗粒,2.36g聚硅酸、聚二甲基硅氧烷、三聚磷酸铝混合构成的阻燃剂,0.42g聚醋酸乙烯丙烯酸酯乳液、聚氨酯分散液和乙烯丙烯酸酯乳液混合构成的A组分低表面能物质超声分散至15.06g和30g异丙醇构成的混合溶剂中,搅拌反应96h。
步骤2:将0.78g全氟庚酸和全氟辛酸混合构成的B组分低表面能物质分散至步骤1得到的分散液中,搅拌反应20h即可得到所需水溶性阻燃超双疏涂料。
其中氢氧化铝和氮化铝颗粒的平均尺寸约为500纳米。
将本实施例制备得到的水溶性阻燃超双疏涂料,采用刷涂的方式,涂覆至聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯薄膜表面,将其于80℃烘箱中烘干,即可得到阻燃超双疏涂层。
本实施例得到的涂层对于多种液滴包括水、食用油、石蜡油的接触角均大于150°,滚动角小于10°。除此之外,所得到的改性薄膜在酒精灯上点燃5s后,能够在10s内自熄,其阻燃性能明显改善。
基材可以被聚偏氟乙烯膜和橡胶基材等多种基材所代替。
实施例5
按照以下步骤制备水溶性阻燃超双疏涂料:
步骤1:将2.3g二氧化钛、氢氧化钴和氧化锆颗粒,0.08g三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐、三聚氰胺磷酸酯和三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐混合构成的阻燃剂,4.5g聚山梨醇、硅丙乳液和聚醋酸乙烯酯乳液混合构成的A组分低表面能物质超声分散至30g水和8.22g正己烷构成的混合溶剂中,搅拌反应0.5h。
步骤2:将4.9g氟辛基二甲基氯硅烷、全氟辛酰氯和全氟癸基三甲氧基硅烷混合构成的B组分低表面能物质分散至步骤1得到的分散液中,搅拌反应48h后即可得到水溶性阻燃超双疏涂料。
其中二氧化钛、氢氧化钴和氧化锆颗粒的平均尺寸约为500纳米。
本实施例得到水溶性阻燃超双疏涂料,采用喷涂的方式,涂覆在铜网表面,将其于45℃烘箱中烘干,即可得到阻燃超双疏涂层。
本实施例得到的涂层对于多种液滴包括水、人造血液、食用油、石蜡油、正十六烷和正十二烷等的接触角均大于150°,而滚动角小于10°。如图3所示,从图中可以看出多种液滴在涂层表面呈球状且不润湿基材,使得改性基材具有优异的超疏水超疏油性能。
实施例6
按照以下步骤制备水溶性阻燃超双疏涂料:
步骤1:将0.5g纳米二氧化硅,0.50g聚磷酸胺阻燃剂和1.0g氟化丙烯酸类共聚物超声分散至47g水中,搅拌反应24h。
步骤2:将1.0g全氟癸基三乙氧基硅烷分散至步骤1得到的分散液中,搅拌反应10h后即可得到水溶性阻燃超双疏涂料。
其中,纳米二氧化硅颗粒的平均尺寸约为15纳米。
将本实施例得到的涂料喷涂到棉布上,将其在室温下晾干后,即可得到阻燃超双疏涂层。
其扫描电镜图如图2所示。图1为未改性的棉布表面微观结构的SEM扫描电镜图。从图1中可以看出,未改性的棉布纤维表面光滑平整。
从图2中可以看出,井改性的棉布表面因具有微纳多级结构而变得更加粗糙,且其构筑的微纳多级结构可以均匀地附着于纤维表面,将光滑的纤维包裹。显著提升了棉布纤维表面的粗糙度。可以说明本实施例得到的涂料可以成功改性棉布并赋予其微纳多级结构,从而捕获更多空气以提升改性棉布表面的超双疏性能。
本实施例得到的涂层表面对于多种液滴包括水、甘油、食用油、正十六烷和正十二烷等接触角均大于150°,而滚动角小于10°。阻燃性能测试如图6所示。从图中可以看出左侧为未改性棉布测试结果,右侧图为改性后的棉布测试结果。未改性棉布基材直接燃烧殆尽,而改性后棉布的阻燃性能明显提升,即在垂直燃烧点火12s并移开燃具后,改性棉布仅留下约8cm的残碳,其余部分保持完整。
实施例7
按照以下步骤制备水溶性阻燃超双疏涂料:
步骤1:将1.25g聚苯丙烯和聚脲醛颗粒,1.5g乙二胺改性聚磷酸铵、丙二胺改性聚磷酸铵和派嗪改性聚磷酸铵混合构成的阻燃剂,5g十六烷基三甲基溴化铵超声分散至20g水、7.25g石油醚和10g丙酮构成的混合溶剂中,搅拌反应20h。
步骤2:将5g全氟环状聚合物分散至步骤1得到的分散液中,搅拌反应0.5h后即可得到水溶性阻燃超双疏涂料。
其中混合的聚苯乙烯和聚脲醛颗粒的平均尺寸约500微米。
将本实施例得到的涂料,采用喷涂的方式,涂覆于聚偏氟乙烯膜表面,将其于室温下晾干后,即可得到阻燃超双疏涂层。
本实施例得到的涂层对于多种液滴包括水、正十六烷和正十二烷等的接触角均大于150°,而滚动角小于10°。所得改性膜材在持续暴露于酒精灯火焰8s的过程中,无明亮火焰产生,且在移开酒精灯后迅速自熄,具有较好的阻燃性能。
实施例8
按照以下步骤制备水溶性阻燃超双疏涂料:
步骤1:将1.98g聚丙烯酰胺、聚四氟乙烯和聚偏氟乙烯颗粒,0.98g聚磷酸铵衍生物、聚磷酸盐、磷酸铵盐和聚磷酸密胺盐混合构成的阻燃剂,1.27g含氟阳离子型表面活性剂超声分散至20g水、13.85g丙三醇和10g正丙醇构成的混合溶剂中,搅拌反应18h。
步骤2:将1.92g对三氟甲氧基苯胺及其衍生物分散至步骤1得到的分散液中,搅拌反应48h后即可得到水溶性阻燃超双疏涂料。
其中混合的聚丙烯酰胺、聚四氟乙烯和聚偏氟乙烯颗粒尺寸平均约为90微米。
本实施例得到的涂料采用刷涂的方式,涂覆于亚麻织物表面,将其于45℃烘箱中烘干后即可得到阻燃超双疏涂层。
本实施例得到的阻燃超双疏涂层对于多种液滴包括水、食用油、石蜡油、柴油、十六烷、甘油等接触角均大于150°,而滚动角小于10°。得到的涂层对正十二烷、食用油和水的动态润湿性测试图如图5所示,其滚动角均低于10°,具有优异的超疏水、超疏油和自清洁性能。除此之外,其在酒精灯上点燃12s后,能够在5s内快速自熄,具有优异的阻燃性能。并且,亚麻织物在改性后其透气性、表面的颜色与纹理不受此涂层的影响。
实施例9
按照以下步骤制备水溶性阻燃超双疏涂料:
步骤1:将0.9g石墨烯、碳纳米管、碳酸钙和氢氧化铝颗粒,1.14g正硅酸四乙酯、碱金属离子、碱土金属离子、过渡金属离子和五水偏硅酸钠混合构成的阻燃剂,4.61g含氟阴离子型表面活性剂超声分散至30g水和11.18g乙酸丁酯构成的混合溶剂中,搅拌反应30h。
步骤2:将2.17g 4-(4-三氟甲氧基苯基偶氮)苯酚分散至步骤1得到的分散液中,搅拌反应96h后即可得到水溶性阻燃超双疏涂料。
其中混合的石墨烯、碳纳米管、碳酸钙和氢氧化铝颗粒的平均尺寸约为500纳米。
本实施例得到的涂料采用喷涂的方式,涂覆于纤维素膜表面,自然晾干后即可得到阻燃超双疏涂层。
本实施例得到的阻燃超双疏涂层对于多种液滴包括水、食用油、石蜡油、柴油、十六烷、甘油等接触角均150°,而滚动角小于10°。所得到的改性纤维素膜在酒精灯上点燃10s后,能够在7s内快速自熄,具有优异阻燃性能。
实施例10
按照以下步骤制备水溶性阻燃超双疏涂料:
步骤1:将2.1g银粒子、聚丙烯酰胺和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯颗粒,1.79g磷酸三甲苯酯、亚磷酸三苯酯、甲基膦酸二甲酯和锌酸亚锡混合构成的阻燃剂,4.93g含氟非离子型表面活性剂超声分散至28.62g水、5g环己烷和5g甲苯构成的混合溶剂中,搅拌反应30h。
步骤2:将2.56g氟代长链醇与氟代长链胺混合构成的B组分低表面能物质分散到步骤1得到的分散液中,搅拌反应24h即可得到水溶性阻燃超双疏涂料。
其中,银粒子、聚丙烯酰胺和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯颗粒的平均尺寸约为10微米。
本实施例得到的涂料,采用浸涂的方式,涂覆于海绵表面于45℃烘箱中烘干后即可得到阻燃超双疏涂层。
本实施例得到的涂层对于多种液滴包括水、食用油、石蜡油、柴油、十六烷、甘油等接触角均大于150°,而滚动角小于10°。
所得到的改性海绵在酒精灯上点燃20s后,无明亮火焰产生,且能够在5s内快速自熄,具有优异阻燃性能。并且,海绵经改性后其颜色与纹理不受此涂层的影响。
本发明的水溶性阻燃超双疏涂料中将微纳粒子、阻燃剂和多组分低表面能物质相结合,通过双组分的协同效应实现了材料的高效阻燃和表面的超双疏性。涂料中的微纳粒子、阻燃剂及双组分低表面能物质为涂层表面结构构筑基元。经过合理的工艺、组分配比,在基材表面原位形成了微纳协同凹形悬挂结构,该结构可捕获大量空气并形成空气膜,有效阻隔液体的接触与润湿,提高所得涂层表面的疏水疏油性能。并且涂料中的双组分低表面能物质可使得涂料可以与水以任意比例混合,有效降低涂层的表面能,一方面可改善阻燃剂的易吸湿性,使涂层的阻燃性更为持久。另一方面该低表面能物质与微纳凹形粗糙结构相结合可实现基材表面优异的超双疏性能。并且涂料中各组分含量配比适当,通过特殊选择的涂料组分含量配比,实现最优的技术效果。如果微纳粒子与阻燃剂高于限定的质量百分比范围,则其不能完全溶解形成均匀溶液,造成喷涂不均,不能达到技术效果。若多组分低表面能物质用量低于限定的质量范围,则会导致涂层仅有疏水与阻燃性能,不具有超疏水与超疏油性能。
本发明涂料中所采用的双组分低表面能物质包括A组分和B组分。A组分低表面能物质为含氟或含碳的表面活性剂,其同时含有亲水和疏水的化学结构。一方面A组分低表面能物质的亲水结构部分可使得微纳粒子与阻燃剂均匀分散于水中,另一方面A组分低表面能物质的疏水结构部分可降低微纳粒子和阻燃剂的表面能,增强其疏水性能。而B组分为含氟低表面能物质,其分子结构中含有长碳链或长氟链结构,可进一步起到降低涂层表面能的作用,进一步增强涂层的疏水疏油性能。A组分和B组分低表面能物质的结合,可起到协同降低涂层表面能的作用,可使得涂料能够与水以任意比例混合。如果多组分低表面能物质中的A组分用量低于限定的范围,会导致涂料不能均匀溶于水中,而造成成本增加与环境污染问题。
本发明制备方法得到的涂料不仅可使微纳粒子与A组分低表面能物质能够充分反应并且赋予微纳粒子疏水性能,使改性后的微纳粒子能够均匀致密地与阻燃剂相结合,还能使微纳粒子、阻燃剂与A组分和B组分低表面能物质通过共价键、氢键、静电相互作用,物理螯合作用等紧密连接,使其不会被溶剂洗掉或机械刮擦掉,因而保证涂层的阻燃超双疏的稳定性。
本发明得到的涂料可以用于木质建筑保护、生活家居及特种防护服等多种基材,解决当前阻燃涂料有效成分易流失、耐候性差的问题。满足对易燃材料阻燃防火、表面抗水拒油和绿色环保长效耐候的要求。并且本发明涂料的制备方法简单、原料来源广泛、制备条件温和,水为溶剂绿色环保且价格低廉,不仅可大规模生产,且有利于工业化应用推广。
Claims (10)
1.一种水溶性阻燃超双疏涂料,其特征在于,按重量百分比计,包括:
微纳粒子0.1~5%、阻燃剂0.1~5%、双组份低表面能物质0.4~20%,余量为溶剂;
双组份低表面能物质包括A组分和B组分,A组分为含氟或含碳的表面活性剂,B组分为含氟低表面能物质;其中A组分至少占双组份低表面能物质质量的10%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种水溶性阻燃超双疏涂料,其特征在于,所述微纳粒子为二氧化硅、氧化锌、二氧化钛、氧化铝、氮化铝、氧化镁、氢氧化镁、氢氧化钴、氧化锆、硫化银、碳酸钙、银粒子、石墨烯、碳纳米管、聚脲、聚脲醛、聚苯乙烯、聚丙烯酰胺、聚四氟乙烯、聚偏氟乙烯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯中的一种或两种及以上以任意比例构成的混合物。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种水溶性阻燃超双疏涂料,其特征在于,所述阻燃剂为聚磷酸铵、乙醇胺改性聚磷酸铵、乙二胺改性聚磷酸铵、丙二胺改性聚磷酸铵、派嗪改性聚磷酸铵、聚磷酸铵衍生物、聚磷酸盐、磷酸铵盐、聚磷酸密胺盐、磷酸酯、次磷酸盐、三聚氰胺、三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐、三聚氰胺磷酸酯、三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐、三氧化二锑、二硫代焦磷酸酯、二硫代磷酸新戊二酯、正硅酸四乙酯、碱金属离子、碱土金属离子、过渡金属离子、五水偏硅酸钠、聚硅酸、聚二甲基硅氧烷、三聚磷酸铝、磷酸三甲苯酯、亚磷酸三苯酯、甲基膦酸二甲酯、锌酸亚锡中的一种或两种及以上以任意比例构成的混合物。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种水溶性阻燃超双疏涂料,其特征在于,所述A组分为丙烯酸酯类乳液、苯丙类乳液、硅丙类乳液、聚醋酸乙烯酯类乳液、聚醋酸乙烯丙烯酸酯类乳液、聚氨酯类分散液、乙烯丙烯酸酯类乳液、聚山梨醇、十二烷基硫酸钠、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵、氟化丙烯酸类共聚物、氟化聚氨酯类共聚物、含氟非离子型表面活性剂、含氟阴离子型表面活性剂、含氟阳离子型表面活性剂中的一种或两种及以上以任意比例构成的混合物。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种水溶性阻燃超双疏涂料,其特征在于,所述B组分为氟辛基二甲基氯硅烷、全氟辛酰氯、全氟庚酸、全氟辛酸、聚全氟乙丙烯、全氟代烷氧基、全氟环状聚合物、对三氟甲氧基苯胺及其衍生物、4-(4-三氟甲氧基苯基偶氮)苯酚及其衍生物、氟代的长链醇、氟代的长链胺和含氟硅烷偶联剂中的一种或两种及以上以任意比例构成的混合物;含氟硅烷偶联剂具有以下线性结构式:
(CH3O)3Si(CH2)2(CF2)nCF3、
(CH3CH2O)3Si(CH2)2(CF2)nCF3或
Cl3Si(CH2)2(CF2)nCF3,
其中n≥1的含氟硅烷偶联剂。
6.一种如权利要求1~5所述任一项水溶性阻燃超双疏涂料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤1:将微纳粒子、阻燃剂和A组分低表面能物质分散在溶剂中,搅拌充分反应后得到分散液;
步骤2:将B组分低表面能物质分散于步骤1得到的分散液中,继续搅拌充分反应完成后即可得到所需水溶性阻燃超双疏涂料。
7.根据权利要求6所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤1中的反应时间为0.5~96h。
8.根据权利要求6所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤2中的反应时间为0.5~96h。
9.采用如权利要求6~7所述制备方法得到的涂料制备得到的涂层,其特征在于,将涂料涂覆在基材上,即可得到所需涂层。
10.根据权利要求9所述涂层,其特征在于,所述涂覆方法为轧烘焙、喷涂法、刷涂或浸涂方法中的一种;基材为高分子材料基材、无机非金属材料基材、金属材料基材中的一种。
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CN116162385B (zh) * | 2022-12-30 | 2024-02-06 | 安徽中益新材料科技股份有限公司 | 一种隧道耐沾污装饰性防火涂料及其制备方法和应用 |
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