CN113754878B - 多苯胺基聚醚多元醇的合成方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于聚醚多元醇合成技术领域,具体涉及一种多苯胺基聚醚多元醇的合成方法。包括以下步骤:将小分子多元醇、多苯胺类化合物依次加入反应釜中,搅拌升温,将釜内压力抽成负压后,控制温度和压力,加入环氧烷烃进行聚合反应,降温出料,即可得到多苯胺基聚醚多元醇产品;其中,多苯胺类化合物为分子结构中带有两个及以上苯环的胺类化合物,本发明通过分子结构设计,在聚醚多元醇分子中引入多个苯环结构,所得产品应用于硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料领域,提高分子链结构中刚性基团和碳含量,从而大幅提升泡沫的强度和阻燃性能。本发明中反应过程无需催化剂参与,与传统工艺相比操作简单,免除精制处理过程,大大降低了生产能耗。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于聚醚多元醇合成技术领域,具体涉及一种多苯胺基聚醚多元醇的合成方法。
背景技术
硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料(RPUF)是一种高性能轻量化材料,不仅能起到功能性作用,如隔热、吸声等,而且还可用于交通工具的轻量化承载结构件。但是,由于聚氨酯泡沫制品的压缩性能较差,作为结构材料使用,其强度、刚度等力学性能尚显不足。为了获得质轻且压缩强度高的聚氨酯泡沫材料,一般有两种途径,其一是硬质聚氨酯泡沫的压缩强度随密度的增加会显著提升,因此,提高泡沫密度是改善其压缩性能的一种较好的途径,但这同时也对泡沫的轻质化提出了挑战。另外一种方法是在材料中物理添加短切纤维、玻璃微珠等增强材料,得到增强RPUF。但此种方法同时会对制品的储存稳定性造成较大的破坏。
聚氨酯泡沫属于易燃有机高分子材料,其阻燃一直是人们关注的焦点,目前大多采用添加阻燃剂的方式增强其阻燃性。按使用方法的不同,可以将阻燃剂分为添加型阻燃剂和反应型阻燃剂。目前应用比较多的是添加型阻燃剂,约占阻燃剂的85%左右,但是,该类阻燃剂存在阻燃剂迁移、持久性差和对材料性能影响较大等问题。反应型阻燃剂是通过化学反应在分子中嵌入阻燃基团进行结构阻燃,是制备高效阻燃材料更有效的途径,开发这一类材料具有非常重要的意义。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是:克服现有技术的不足,提供一种多苯胺基聚醚多元醇的合成方法,通过分子结构设计,在聚醚多元醇分子中引入两个及以上刚性苯环结构,所得产品应用于硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料领域,在不影响制品储存稳定性前提下能够大幅提升制品的强度和阻燃性能。本发明中反应过程无需催化剂参与,与传统工艺相比操作简单,免除精制处理过程,大大降低了生产能耗。
本发明所述的多苯胺基聚醚多元醇的合成方法,包括以下步骤:
将小分子多元醇、多苯胺类化合物加入反应釜中,搅拌升温,将釜内压力抽成负压后,控制温度和压力,加入环氧烷烃进行第一聚合反应,第一聚合反应结束后立即升温至第二聚合反应温度,控制温度和压力,进行第一熟化反应,第一熟化反应结束后,将釜内抽成负压,加入环氧烷烃进行第二聚合反应,第二聚合反应结束后立即升温至第三聚合反应温度,控制温度和压力,进行第二熟化反应,第二熟化反应结束后,将釜内抽成负压,加入环氧烷烃进行第三聚合反应,第三聚合反应结束后立即升温,控制温度和压力,进行第三熟化反应,降温出料,得到多苯胺基聚醚多元醇产品;
其中:多苯胺类化合物为分子结构中带有两个及以上苯环的胺类化合物。
所述的合成方法中,各原料质量占比,以质量份数计,
小分子多元醇 0-15份;
多苯胺类化合物 1-55份;
环氧烷烃 10-80份。
所述的小分子多元醇为二乙二醇、丙二醇、丙三醇或山梨醇中的一种或多种。
所述的多苯胺类化合物为4-氨基联苯、联苯胺、2-萘胺、邻氨基偶氮甲苯、4,4'-二氨基二苯甲烷、3,3'-二氯联苯胺、3,3'-二甲氧基联苯胺、3,3'-二甲基联苯胺、3,3'-二甲基-4,4'二氨基二苯甲烷、3,3'-二氯-4,4'二氨基二苯甲烷、4,4'-二氨基二苯醚、4,4'-二氨基二苯硫醚或4-氨基偶氮苯中的一种或几种。
所述的起始剂中小分子多元醇与多苯胺类化合物摩尔比为0~0.5:1。
所述的环氧烷烃为环氧乙烷、环氧丁烷、环氧丙烷或环氧氯丙烷中的一种或几种。
所述的第一聚合反应温度为70-90℃,第二聚合反应温度为100-120℃,第三聚合反应温度为130-150℃。
所述的聚合反应压力为-0.1~0.4MPa。
所述的聚合反应时间为30-600min。
所述的第一、第二、第三聚合反应所用环氧烷烃质量比为1:2.9-3.2:5.9-6.1。
所述的第一聚合反应结束后升温至第二聚合反应温度、第二聚合反应结束后升温至第三聚合反应温度时间为10-20min。
所述的第一、第二、第三熟化反应压力为0.1-0.4MPa。
所述的第一、第二、第三熟化反应时间为60-360min。
与现有技术相比,本发明有益效果如下:
1、本发明中多苯胺类化合物由于其本身自催化特性,无需催化剂参与即可与单体发生聚合反应,与传统工艺相比操作简单,免除精制处理过程,大大降低了生产能耗。
2、本发明通过分子结构设计,在聚醚多元醇分子中引入多个苯环结构,所得产品应用于硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料领域,提高分子链结构中刚性基团和碳含量,从而大幅提升泡沫的强度和阻燃性能。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明做进一步描述,但其并不限制本发明的实施。
实施例中采用的原料,除特殊说明外均为市购。
实施例1
将100g二乙二醇、350g 4-氨基联苯依次加入反应釜中,氮气置换后,将反应釜内抽成负压,温度升高至70℃,控制温度缓慢通入40g环氧乙烷,加料结束后在10min内升高温度至100℃,在此温度下反应2h,反应期间维持压力0.25MPa。将反应釜内抽成负压,缓慢通入120g环氧乙烷,加料结束后在20min内升高温度至130℃,在此温度下反应1h,反应期间维持压力0.2MPa,将反应釜内抽成负压,缓慢通入240g环氧乙烷,加料结束后在此温度下反应1h,反应期间维持压力0.2MPa,反应结束后降温至90℃,得到多苯胺基聚醚多元醇产品,性能指标见表1。
实施例2
将80g丙三醇、410g 2-萘胺依次加入反应釜中,氮气置换后,将反应釜内抽成负压,温度升高至80℃,控制温度缓慢通入67g环氧丙烷,加料结束后在10min内升高温度至110℃,在此温度下反应3h,反应期间维持压力0.15MPa。将反应釜内抽成负压,缓慢通入210g环氧丙烷,加料结束后在20min内升高温度至140℃,在此温度下反应1.5h,反应期间维持压力0.25MPa,将反应釜内抽成负压,缓慢通入402g环氧丙烷,加料结束后在此温度下反应4h,反应期间维持压力0.4MPa,反应结束后降温至90℃,得到多苯胺基聚醚多元醇产品,性能指标见表1。
实施例3
将55g丙二醇、370g 3,3'-二甲氧基联苯胺依次加入反应釜中,氮气置换后,将反应釜内抽成负压,温度升高至90℃,控制温度缓慢通入83g环氧丁烷,加料结束后在20min内升高温度至120℃,在此温度下反应4h,反应期间维持压力0.1MPa。将反应釜内抽成负压,缓慢通入248g环氧丁烷,加料结束后在20min内升高温度至150℃,在此温度下反应2h,反应期间维持压力0.3MPa,将反应釜内抽成负压,缓慢通入496g环氧丁烷,加料结束后在此温度下反应3.5h,反应期间维持压力0.2MPa,反应结束后降温至90℃,得到多苯胺基聚醚多元醇产品,性能指标见表1。
实施例4
将170g山梨醇、300g邻氨基偶氮甲苯依次加入反应釜中,氮气置换后,将反应釜内抽成负压,温度升高至80℃,控制温度缓慢通入90g环氧氯丙烷,加料结束后在20min内升高温度至120℃,在此温度下反应3h,反应期间维持压力0.3MPa。将反应釜内抽成负压,缓慢通入270g环氧氯丙烷,加料结束后在20min内升高温度至140℃,在此温度下反应1h,反应期间维持压力0.25MPa,将反应釜内抽成负压,缓慢通入540g环氧氯丙烷,加料结束后在此温度下反应3h,反应期间维持压力0.15MPa,反应结束后降温至90℃,得到多苯胺基聚醚多元醇产品,性能指标见表1。
对比例1
将100g二乙二醇、350g山梨醇和15g三甲胺催化剂依次加入反应釜中,氮气置换后,将反应釜内抽成负压,压力为-0.09MPa,温度升高至90℃,然后缓慢通入1000g环氧乙烷,在此温度下反应2h,反应期间维持压力0.25MPa。聚合反应结束后降温至90℃,得到聚醚多元醇产品,性能指标见表1。
应用以下配方体系分别采用实施例1-4、对比例1所得产品采用以下制备方法进行发泡,测试其氧指数和压缩强度,测试结果见表1。
配方体系为:
原料 | 份数 |
Polyol | 100 |
H2O | 1.5 |
环己胺 | 1 |
141b | 25 |
硅油 | 2 |
制备方法为:
准确称取上述配方物料于500mL烧杯中配置成组合料,取50份上述组合料与50份PM200充分搅拌,待体系均匀且有泡沫上升时停止搅拌,让其在室温下自由发泡,待泡沫固化后得到聚氨酯硬质泡沫。将上述所得聚氨酯硬质泡沫进行压缩性能和氧指数测试。
表1测试结果
当然,上述内容仅为本发明的较佳实施例,不能被认为用于限定对本发明的实施例范围。本发明也并不仅限于上述举例,本技术领域的普通技术人员在本发明的实质范围内所做出的均等变化与改进等,均应归属于本发明的专利涵盖范围内。
Claims (3)
1.一种多苯胺基聚醚多元醇的合成方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
将小分子多元醇、多苯胺类化合物加入反应釜中,搅拌升温,将釜内压力抽成负压后,控制温度和压力,加入环氧烷烃进行第一聚合反应,第一聚合反应结束后立即升温至第二聚合反应温度,控制温度和压力,进行第一熟化反应,第一熟化反应结束后,将釜内抽成负压,加入环氧烷烃进行第二聚合反应,第二聚合反应结束后立即升温至第三聚合反应温度,控制温度和压力,进行第二熟化反应,第二熟化反应结束后,将釜内抽成负压,加入环氧烷烃进行第三聚合反应,第三聚合反应结束后立即升温,控制温度和压力,进行第三熟化反应,降温出料,得到多苯胺基聚醚多元醇产品;
其中:
所述的合成方法中,各原料质量占比,以质量份数计,
小分子多元醇 0-15份;
多苯胺类化合物 1-55份;
环氧烷烃 10-80份;
小分子多元醇与多苯胺类化合物摩尔比为0.3~0.5:1;
多苯胺类化合物为4-氨基联苯、联苯胺、2-萘胺、邻氨基偶氮甲苯、4,4'-二氨基二苯甲烷、3,3'-二氯联苯胺、3,3'-二甲氧基联苯胺、3,3'-二甲基联苯胺、3,3'-二甲基-4,4'二氨基二苯甲烷、3,3'-二氯-4,4'二氨基二苯甲烷、4,4'-二氨基二苯醚、4,4'-二氨基二苯硫醚或4-氨基偶氮苯中的一种或几种;第一聚合反应温度为70-90℃,第二聚合反应温度为100-120℃,第三聚合反应温度为130-150℃;
聚合反应压力为-0.1~0.4MPa,聚合反应时间为30-600min;
第一、第二、第三聚合反应所用环氧烷烃质量比为1:2.9-3.2:5.9-6.1;
第一聚合反应结束后升温至第二聚合反应温度、第二聚合反应结束后升温至第三聚合反应温度时间为10-20min;
第一、第二、第三熟化反应压力为0.1-0.4MPa,反应时间为60-360min。
2.根据权利要求1所述的多苯胺基聚醚多元醇的合成方法,其特征在于:小分子多元醇为二乙二醇、丙二醇、丙三醇或山梨醇中的一种或多种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的多苯胺基聚醚多元醇的合成方法,其特征在于:环氧烷烃为环氧乙烷、环氧丁烷、环氧丙烷或环氧氯丙烷中的一种或几种。
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