CN110951070A - 阻燃聚酯醚多元醇的合成方法 - Google Patents

阻燃聚酯醚多元醇的合成方法 Download PDF

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CN110951070A
CN110951070A CN201911308960.3A CN201911308960A CN110951070A CN 110951070 A CN110951070 A CN 110951070A CN 201911308960 A CN201911308960 A CN 201911308960A CN 110951070 A CN110951070 A CN 110951070A
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polyester ether
synthesizing
retardant polyester
ether polyol
flame
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程铸洪
姜男
郭怀泉
高伟伟
李晓芳
孙露霞
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Shandong Inov New Material Co Ltd
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    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G65/00Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G65/02Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring
    • C08G65/26Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds
    • C08G65/2603Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds the other compounds containing oxygen
    • C08G65/2606Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds the other compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxyl groups
    • C08G65/2612Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds the other compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxyl groups containing aromatic or arylaliphatic hydroxyl groups
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/28Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
    • C08G18/40High-molecular-weight compounds
    • C08G18/48Polyethers
    • C08G18/50Polyethers having heteroatoms other than oxygen
    • C08G18/5021Polyethers having heteroatoms other than oxygen having nitrogen
    • C08G18/5066Polyethers having heteroatoms other than oxygen having nitrogen having halogens in addition to nitrogen
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    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G65/00Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G65/02Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring
    • C08G65/26Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds
    • C08G65/2618Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds the other compounds containing nitrogen
    • C08G65/2621Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds the other compounds containing nitrogen containing amine groups
    • C08G65/263Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds the other compounds containing nitrogen containing amine groups containing heterocyclic amine groups
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G2110/00Foam properties
    • C08G2110/0025Foam properties rigid

Abstract

本发明属于化工合成技术领域,具体涉及一种阻燃聚酯醚多元醇的合成方法。包括以下步骤:将苯酐类聚酯多元醇和多羟基苯胺类化合物加入反应釜中,搅拌升温进行预反应;待釜内压力成负压后,抽入胺类催化剂,控制温度和压力,加入环氧烷烃聚合反应,精制处理,得阻燃聚酯醚多元醇产品。本发明借助聚酯多元醇本身的结构性能,在聚酯醚分子中引入多羟基环状大分子结构和氮元素来提高产品的平均官能度以及阻燃元素的含量,制备的聚酯醚克服了单一聚酯或聚醚的缺点,兼具价格低、阻燃性好和体系兼容性高的优点。

Description

阻燃聚酯醚多元醇的合成方法
技术领域
本发明属于化工合成技术领域,具体涉及一种阻燃聚酯醚多元醇的合成方法。
背景技术
聚氨酯泡沫塑料是重要的隔热、保温和防震材料,广泛应用于家居、建筑、日用品、交通、家电等领域,一般由聚醚或聚酯多元醇与异氰酸酯经过加聚反应制得,其原料之一聚醚多元醇具有耐水解稳定性好,与发泡体系中其他组份相容性好等优点,但其价格相对较高,而另一原料聚酯多元醇价格相对较低,由其制备的硬质泡沫强度高、泡孔细腻、导热系数低,但其与其他组份相容性较差,同时制得的泡沫水解稳定性较差。
同时,聚氨酯泡沫属于易燃有机高分子材料,具有多孔结构和大的比表面,因此,聚氨酯泡沫的阻燃一直是人们关注的焦点。但使用添加型阻燃剂存在阻燃剂迁移、持久性差和对材料性能影响较大等问题,因此,向分子中嵌入阻燃元素进行结构阻燃是制备高效阻燃材料更有效的途径。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是:克服现有技术的不足,提供一种阻燃聚酯醚多元醇的合成方法,借助聚酯多元醇本身的结构性能,在聚酯醚分子中引入多羟基环状大分子结构和氮元素来提高产品的平均官能度以及阻燃元素的含量,制备的聚酯醚克服了单一聚酯或聚醚的缺点,兼具价格低、阻燃性好和体系兼容性高的优点。
本发明所述的阻燃聚酯醚多元醇的合成方法,包括以下步骤:
将苯酐类聚酯多元醇和多羟基苯胺类化合物加入反应釜中,搅拌升温进行预反应;待釜内压力成负压后,抽入胺类催化剂,控制温度和压力,加入环氧烷烃聚合反应,精制处理,得阻燃聚酯醚多元醇产品。
优选地,所述的合成方法,具体包括以下步骤:
将苯酐类聚酯多元醇和多羟基苯胺类化合物加入反应釜中,充压试漏、氮气置换后开启搅拌并升温到特定温度搅拌均匀,加入一定量的环氧丙烷进行一定时间预反应;待釜内压力成负压后,抽入胺类催化剂,然后升温,在一定温度和压力反应条件下加入聚合单体聚合反应,得到粗聚酯醚,粗聚酯醚经过精制后处理,得到阻燃聚酯醚多元醇产品。
其中:
所述的合成方法中,各原料质量占比,以质量份数计,
Figure BDA0002323981840000021
所述的苯酐类聚酯多元醇的羟值为:200-300mgKOH/g,官能度为:2-3。
优选地,所述的苯酐类聚酯多元醇为四氯苯酐聚酯多元醇或四溴苯酐聚酯多元醇中的一种或两种。
所述的多羟基苯胺类化合物为六羟甲基三聚氰胺、羟乙基六氢均三嗪或2,3,6,7,10,11-六羟基三亚苯基苯中的一种或几种。
所述的胺类催化剂为二甲胺、三甲胺或三乙胺中的一种或几种。
所述的环氧烷烃为环氧乙烷、环氧丁烷、环氧丙烷或环氧氯丙烷中的一种或几种。
所述的预反应温度为60-90℃,时间为30-150min。
所述的负压为-0.09~0.02MPa。
所述的聚合反应条件为:70-130℃无氧气氛围,反应压力为-0.06~0.4MPa,反应时间为30-400分钟。
与现有技术相比,本发明有益效果如下:
本发明借助聚酯多元醇本身的结构性能,在聚酯醚分子中引入多羟基环状大分子结构和氮元素来提高产品的平均官能度以及阻燃元素的含量,制备的聚酯醚克服了单一聚酯或聚醚的缺点,兼具价格低、阻燃性好和体系兼容性高的优点。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明做进一步描述。
实施例中采用的原料,除特殊说明外均为市购。
实施例1
将500g四氯苯酐聚酯多元醇和150g六羟甲基三聚氰胺依次加入反应釜中,氮气置换后,将反应釜温度升高至70℃,然后加入80g环氧丙烷,在此温度下反应1h,负压(-0.05MPa)抽入15g三甲胺催化剂,升温至120℃,缓慢通入310g环氧丙烷,期间维持压力0.15MPa,在此温度压力下持续反应3h,然后精制处理即得到产品四氯苯酐阻燃聚酯醚多元醇,性能指标见表1。
实施例2
将500g四氯苯酐聚酯多元醇和200g羟乙基六氢均三嗪依次加入反应釜中,氮气置换后,将反应釜温度升高至90℃,然后加入70g环氧乙烷,在此温度下反应2h,负压(-0.09MPa)抽入12g二甲胺催化剂,升温至110℃,缓慢通入350g环氧乙烷,期间维持压力0.15MPa,在此温度压力下持续反应4h,然后精制处理即得到产品四氯苯酐阻燃聚酯醚多元醇,性能指标见表1。
实施例3
将400g四溴苯酐聚酯多元醇和150g 2,3,6,7,10,11-六羟基三亚苯基苯依次加入反应釜中,氮气置换后,将反应釜温度升高至80℃,然后加入80g环氧丙烷,在此温度下反应2h,负压(0.02MPa)抽入11g三乙胺催化剂,升温至130℃,缓慢通入310g环氧丙烷,期间维持压力0.2MPa,在此温度压力下持续反应3.5h,然后精制处理即得到产品四溴苯酐阻燃聚酯醚多元醇,性能指标见表1。
对比例1
将150g六羟甲基三聚氰胺依次加入反应釜中,氮气置换后,将反应釜温度升高至70℃,然后加入80g环氧丙烷,在此温度下反应1h,负压抽入7g三甲胺催化剂,升温至120℃,缓慢通入200g环氧丙烷,期间维持压力0.15MPa,在此温度压力下持续反应3h,然后精制处理即得到产品阻燃聚醚多元醇,性能指标见表1。
对比例2
将150g羟乙基六氢均三嗪依次加入反应釜中,氮气置换后,将反应釜温度升高至90℃,然后加入70g环氧乙烷,在此温度下反应2h,负压抽入7g二甲胺催化剂,升温至110℃,缓慢通入270g环氧乙烷,期间维持压力0.15MPa,在此温度压力下持续反应4h,然后精制处理即得到产品阻燃聚醚多元醇,性能指标见表1。
对比例3
四氯苯酐聚酯多元醇,性能指标见表1。
对比例4
四溴苯酐聚酯多元醇,性能指标见表1。
采用相同配方体系和相同条件采用实施例1-3和对比例1-4材料制成制品,测试其氧指数,测试结果见表1。
配方体系为:
Polyol:100份;
H2O:1.5份;
环己胺:1份;
141b:25份;
硅油:2份。
制备方法为:
准确称取上述配方物料于500mL烧杯中配置成组合料,取50份上述组合料与50份PM200充分搅拌,待体系均匀且有泡沫上升时停止搅拌,让其在室温下自由发泡,带泡沫固化后得到聚氨酯硬质泡沫。将上述所得聚氨酯硬质泡沫进行氧指数测试。
表1测试结果
实施例1 实施例2 实施例3 对比例1 对比例2 对比例3 对比例4
羟值mgKOH/g 245 241 248 251 243 210 215
粘度mPas 8000 5000 8500 4500 130 15000 17000
氧指数 30.1 30.0 30.6 25.9 25.4 28.5 28.9

Claims (10)

1.一种阻燃聚酯醚多元醇的合成方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
将苯酐类聚酯多元醇和多羟基苯胺类化合物加入反应釜中,搅拌升温进行预反应;待釜内压力成负压后,抽入胺类催化剂,控制温度和压力,加入环氧烷烃聚合反应,精制处理,得阻燃聚酯醚多元醇产品。
2.根据权利要求1所述的阻燃聚酯醚多元醇的合成方法,其特征在于:所述的合成方法中,各原料质量占比,以质量份数计,
Figure FDA0002323981830000011
3.根据权利要求1所述的阻燃聚酯醚多元醇的合成方法,其特征在于:所述的苯酐类聚酯多元醇的羟值为:200-300mgKOH/g,官能度为:2-3。
4.根据权利要求3所述的阻燃聚酯醚多元醇的合成方法,其特征在于:所述的苯酐类聚酯多元醇为四氯苯酐聚酯多元醇或四溴苯酐聚酯多元醇中的一种或两种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的阻燃聚酯醚多元醇的合成方法,其特征在于:所述的多羟基苯胺类化合物为六羟甲基三聚氰胺、羟乙基六氢均三嗪或2,3,6,7,10,11-六羟基三亚苯基苯中的一种或几种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的阻燃聚酯醚多元醇的合成方法,其特征在于:所述的胺类催化剂为二甲胺、三甲胺或三乙胺中的一种或几种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的阻燃聚酯醚多元醇的合成方法,其特征在于:所述的环氧烷烃为环氧乙烷、环氧丁烷、环氧丙烷或环氧氯丙烷中的一种或几种。
8.根据权利要求1所述的阻燃聚酯醚多元醇的合成方法,其特征在于:所述的预反应温度为60-90℃,时间为30-150min。
9.根据权利要求1所述的阻燃聚酯醚多元醇的合成方法,其特征在于:所述的负压为-0.09~0.02MPa。
10.根据权利要求1所述的阻燃聚酯醚多元醇的合成方法,其特征在于:所述的聚合反应条件为:70-130℃无氧气氛围,反应压力为-0.06~0.4MPa,反应时间为30-400分钟。
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111499828A (zh) * 2020-04-15 2020-08-07 黎明化工研究设计院有限责任公司 一种低密度高阻燃聚氨酯材料用树脂组合物及其应用

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111499828A (zh) * 2020-04-15 2020-08-07 黎明化工研究设计院有限责任公司 一种低密度高阻燃聚氨酯材料用树脂组合物及其应用
CN111499828B (zh) * 2020-04-15 2022-04-12 黎明化工研究设计院有限责任公司 一种低密度高阻燃聚氨酯材料用树脂组合物及其应用

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