CN113748790A - Cultivation method for relieving greenhouse cowpea blight - Google Patents
Cultivation method for relieving greenhouse cowpea blight Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of vegetable cultivation, and particularly relates to a cultivation method for reducing greenhouse cowpea blight. The method comprises the following steps: (1) disinfecting seeds; (2) culturing seedlings in a nutrition bag; (3) land preparation and transplantation; (4) regulating and controlling growth; (5) and (5) managing and harvesting the fertilizer and water. The invention can lead the greenhouse cowpea blight to occur lightly, the disease prevention effect reaches 77.6 percent, the cowpea harvesting period is long, and the yield is improved by 30.5 percent. The invention has the characteristics of environmental protection, yield increase and income increase, and has particularly obvious economic benefit, social benefit and ecological benefit and very wide market application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of vegetable cultivation, and particularly relates to a cultivation method for reducing greenhouse cowpea blight.
Background
Cowpea is an annual twining vine or a nearly upright herbaceous plant, most of cowpea takes tender pod as a product, the nutrition is rich, stem leaves are high-quality feed and can also be used as green manure, and seeds, leaves, roots and fruit peels of cowpea can be used as medicines. The global planting area exceeds 12500 million hectares, is second to the bean and chickpea which are main edible beans in the world, and is third to the planting scale of peas and broad beans. The cowpea has 1500 years of cultivation history in China, is cultivated in both south and north, has larger area particularly in Yangtze river basin and south regions, and is one of the main vegetables planted in China. The cowpea can be cultivated in greenhouse or open field, generally sowed in 3-4 months, mainly sowed directly and bloomed in 5-8 months.
The wilt is one of common diseases of cowpea, can cause death of plants in a connected mode, and is extremely harmful. The source of the disease is fungi of deuteromycotina-fusarium oxysporum, the pathogenic bacteria live through the winter in soil along with disease residues, the saprophytic property is strong, the pathogenic bacteria invade from root wounds, and the incidence of diseases of continuous cropping lands and lands with high soil water content is serious. Under the condition of greenhouse cultivation, due to the fact that land rotation is limited to a certain extent, blight is on the trend of rising year by year, serious field blocks are even reduced by over 60%, the prevention and control effect of conventional medicament root irrigation or spraying is not obvious, cost is high, and certain hidden danger exists in product quality safety.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems that blight is serious in the current greenhouse cowpea cultivation process, and economic benefits of farmers and product safety are affected, the invention aims to provide a cultivation method for relieving the greenhouse cowpea blight.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a cultivation method for alleviating greenhouse cowpea blight comprises the following steps:
(1) seed disinfection: sun-drying the seeds for 1-3 days, soaking in cold water for 10min, soaking in warm water at 35-55 deg.C for 10min, taking out, mixing with Trichoderma harzianum powder at an amount of 0.5% of the weight of the seeds, stirring, and sowing;
(2) seedling in a nutrition bag: filling a special medium for cowpea seedling culture into the nutrition bags, then playing the seeds sterilized in the step (1), sowing 3-4 seeds in each hole, and transplanting the seedlings to a field after 6-10 days of sowing when the 1 st pair of primary true leaves of the seedlings are flat;
(3) land preparation and transplantation: selecting a plastic greenhouse with a deep soil layer and fertile soil, applying 800kg of bio-organic fertilizer per mu, deeply ploughing, uniformly raking, ditching, making beds, covering with silver black double-color mulching films, planting cowpea seedlings in the greenhouse beds for double-row planting, wherein the density is 3.3-4.2 ten thousand holes/hm2Irrigating roots with disease control solution No. 1, and using 50-60ml of solution for each acupoint;
(4) growth regulation: 7-10 days after the cowpea seedlings are transplanted, spraying disease control liquid No. 2 on the leaf surfaces, spraying for 1 time every 10 days, and continuously spraying for 3 times;
(5) fertilizer and water management and harvesting: after blooming, multi-element water-soluble fertilizer is applied by a drip irrigation mode, 1 time of topdressing is carried out every 5-7d, and 3 times of topdressing are carried out continuously, and the bean pods are collected in time when fully expanded and do not swell.
Preferably, the content of the active ingredients of the trichoderma harzianum powder in the step (1) is more than or equal to 5 hundred million CFU/g, the rate of mixed bacteria is less than or equal to 2 percent, and the rate of live spores is more than or equal to 98 percent.
Preferably, the special medium component for cowpea seedling culture in the step (2) comprises peat, rice hull ash, tea seed cake, bio-organic fertilizer and bacillus subtilis, and the volume ratio is 5: 3: 1: 0.8: 0.2, and mixing the mixture fully.
Preferably, the nutrient content of the bio-organic fertilizer is as follows: n + P2O5+K2More than or equal to 20 percent of O, more than or equal to 20 percent of organic matter, more than or equal to 5 percent of humic acid, more than or equal to 20 percent of S, and the pH value of 5.8-6.2.
Preferably, the content of the effective components of the bacillus subtilis is more than or equal to 1000 hundred million CFU/g.
Preferably, the raw materials of the disease control solution No. 1 comprise amino acid silicon fertilizer and penicillium beijerinckii, and the content of the components is as follows: the amino acid in the amino acid silicon fertilizer is 150-200mg/L, Si: 150-200 mg/L; penicillium beijerinckii: not less than 10 hundred million CFU/L.
Preferably, the content of the effective components of the amino acid silicon fertilizer requires SiO2More than or equal to 28 percent, more than or equal to 13 percent of Si, more than or equal to 25 percent of amino acid and more than or equal to 4.5 percent of N.
Preferably, the raw materials of the disease control solution No. 2 comprise potassium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium silicon fertilizer, uniconazole and bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and the raw materials are mixed to form the disease control solution No. 2, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: potassium dihydrogen phosphate: 2.0-2.5 g/L; si in the silicon-calcium fertilizer: 150-200mg/L, Ca: 150-200 mg/L; uniconazole: 150mg/L, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens: not less than 2 hundred million CFU/L.
Preferably, the nutrient content of the multi-element water-soluble fertilizer of step (5) requires: total N is more than or equal to 19 percent, phosphorus (P)2O5) Not less than 6.0 percent and potassium (K)2O) is more than or equal to 25.0 percent, magnesium (Mg) is more than or equal to 0.45 percent, boron (B) is more than or equal to 0.20 percent, iron (Fe) is more than or equal to 0.06 percent, zinc (Zn) is more than or equal to 0.07 percent, molybdenum (Mo) is more than or equal to 0.05 percent, and the mixture is poured after being diluted by 250 times.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention improves the disinfection and seedling raising method, and the seed moistening treatment is carried out before the seed soaking in the warm soup, so that the sterilization effect of the seed soaking in the warm soup is improved; adopting Trichoderma harzianum to seed, and inhibiting bacteria on the surface of seeds; degradable nutrition bags are adopted for seedling culture, so that the root damage in transplanting is reduced; the special cowpea seedling culture medium prepared according to the self-made formula is reasonable in nutrient proportion, so that the air permeability of a root system is guaranteed, sufficient nutrients are provided, the added bacillus subtilis can inhibit the propagation of germs, the metabolism of carbohydrates in plants is effectively promoted, the disease resistance and the environmental adaptability of seedlings are enhanced, and the growth vigor is enhanced; the field base fertilizer adopts a high-nutrient biological organic fertilizer, so that the nutrient is sufficient and the fertilizer efficiency is durable; the self-prepared disease control liquid No. 1 and disease control liquid No. 2 combine the micro-fertilizer, the growth regulator and the biological bacteria to strengthen the body and control the bacteria, and the breeding and spread of germs are avoided by organism regulation and the matching combination antagonism of 4 kinds of microorganism bacteria, thereby effectively reducing the occurrence degree of blight.
The invention can lead the greenhouse cowpea blight to occur lightly, the disease prevention effect reaches 77.6 percent, the cowpea harvesting period is long, and the yield is improved by 30.5 percent. The invention has the characteristics of environmental protection, yield increase and income increase, and has particularly obvious economic benefit, social benefit and ecological benefit and very wide market application prospect.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The materials used in the following examples were all available from conventional sources, and the nonwoven fabric nutrition bag was manufactured by Anhui Xin Anlong plastics Co., Ltd; the bio-organic fertilizer is produced by Hubei Sanxiang agriculture science and technology Limited company; trichoderma harzianum is produced by Hindong Rui Bio-technology Ltd; penicillium bailii is produced by Guangxi kang Lv Biotech limited; the amino acid silicon fertilizer and the silicon-calcium fertilizer are produced by the Zermei microelement Limited company of constant water; uniconazole and monopotassium phosphate are produced by the national Guanghong agro-chemical Co., Ltd in Sichuan; multi-element water-soluble fertilizer yellow Bo 2 is produced by Chaoyang Ruipu crop Nutrition Limited; the bacillus subtilis is produced by a pilot plant of pesticides in a corridor of a plant protection institute of the Chinese academy of agricultural sciences; the cultivar "Zhancowhen 215" was produced by vegetable research institute of agriculture and forestry science research institute, Changde, Hunan province.
Example 1
A cultivation method for alleviating greenhouse cowpea blight comprises the following steps:
(1) seed disinfection: sun-drying the seeds for 1d, soaking in cold water for 10min, soaking in 35 deg.C water for 10min, taking out, mixing with Trichoderma harzianum powder 0.5% of the weight of the seeds, stirring, and sowing; the content of effective components of the trichoderma harzianum powder is 5 hundred million CFU/g, the rate of mixed bacteria is percent, and the rate of live spores is 98 percent;
(2) seedling in a nutrition bag: selecting degradable non-woven fabric nutrition bags with the specification of 7cm multiplied by 9cm, filling the degradable non-woven fabric nutrition bags into the special cowpea seedling culture medium, sowing the disinfected seeds, sowing 3 seeds in each hole, sowing 6d later, and transplanting the seedlings to a field when the 1 st pair of primary true leaves of the seedlings are flat. The special medium for cowpea seedling culture comprises peat, rice hull ash, tea seed cake, bio-organic fertilizer and bacillus subtilis, and the volume ratio is 5: 3: 1: 0.8: 0.2, fully and uniformly mixing; the content of the effective components of the bacillus subtilis is 1000 hundred million CFU/g; wherein, the nutrient content of the biological organic fertilizer is as follows: n + P2O5+K220% of O, 20% of organic matters, 5% of humic acid, 20% of S and 5.8% of pH;
(3) land preparation and transplantation: selecting a plastic greenhouse with a deep soil layer and fertile soil, applying 600kg of bio-organic fertilizer to each mu of the greenhouse, deeply ploughing and uniformly raking, ditching and making beds, covering a silvery black double-color mulching film, planting cowpea seedlings in the greenhouse beds for double-row planting, wherein the density is 3.3 ten thousand holes/hm2Irrigating roots with disease control solution No. 1, and using 50ml of solution for each hole; the raw materials of the disease control liquid No. 1 comprise amino acid silicon fertilizer and penicillium beijerinckii, and the content of the components is as follows: amino acid 150mg/L, Si: 150mg/L, Penicillium beilii: 10 hundred million CFU/L; the effective component content of the amino acid silicon fertilizer requires SiO228% of Si, 13% of amino acid and 4.5% of N; wherein, the biological organic fertilizerThe nutrient content is as follows: n + P2O5+K220% of O, 20% of organic matters, 5% of humic acid, 20% of S and 5.8% of pH;
(4) growth regulation: 7d after the cowpea seedlings are transplanted, spraying disease control liquid No. 2 on the leaf surfaces, spraying for 1 time every 10d, and continuously spraying for 3 times; the disease control liquid No. 2 is prepared by mixing potassium dihydrogen phosphate, a silicon-calcium fertilizer, uniconazole and bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and comprises the following components in percentage by weight: KH (Perkin Elmer)2PO4: 2.0g/L, Si: 150mg/L, Ca: 150mg/L, uniconazole: 150mg/L, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens: 2 hundred million CFU/L;
(5) fertilizer and water management and harvesting: after blooming, applying a multi-element water-soluble fertilizer in a drip irrigation mode, wherein the nutrient content of the multi-element water-soluble fertilizer is required as follows: total N19%, phosphorus (P)2O5) 6.0% of potassium (K)225.0 percent of O), 0.45 percent of magnesium (Mg), 0.20 percent of boron (B), 0.06 percent of iron (Fe), 0.07 percent of zinc (Zn) and 0.05 percent of molybdenum (Mo), and the seed is watered after being diluted by 200 times, 1 time of topdressing is carried out every 5 days, 3 times of topdressing are carried out continuously, and the bean pods are harvested in time when fully expanded but not swelled.
Example 2
A cultivation method for alleviating greenhouse cowpea blight comprises the following steps:
(1) seed disinfection: sun-drying the seeds for 3d, soaking in cold water for 10min, soaking in 55 deg.C water for 10min, taking out, mixing with Trichoderma harzianum powder 0.5% of the weight of the seeds, stirring, and sowing; the required effective component content of the trichoderma harzianum powder is 6 hundred million CFU/g, the mixed bacteria rate is 1 percent, and the live spore rate is 99 percent;
(2) seedling in a nutrition bag: selecting degradable non-woven fabric nutrition bags with the specification of 8cm multiplied by 10cm, filling the degradable non-woven fabric nutrition bags into the special cowpea seedling culture substrate, sowing the disinfected seeds, sowing 4 seeds in each hole, and transplanting the seedlings to a field after 10 days of sowing when the 1 st pair of primary true leaves of the seedlings are flat; the special medium for cowpea seedling culture comprises peat, rice hull ash, tea seed cake, bio-organic fertilizer and bacillus subtilis, and the volume ratio is 5: 3: 1: 0.8: 0.2, fully and uniformly mixing; the content of the effective components of the bacillus subtilis is 1100 hundred million CFU/g; wherein, the nutrient content of the biological organic fertilizer is as follows: n + P2O5+K230% of O, 25% of organic matters, 8% of humic acid, 25% of S and 6.2% of pH;
(3) land preparation and transplantation: selecting a plastic greenhouse with a deep soil layer and fertile soil, applying 800kg of bio-organic fertilizer to each mu of the greenhouse, deeply ploughing and uniformly raking, ditching and making beds, covering a silvery black double-color mulching film, planting cowpea seedlings in the greenhouse beds for double-row planting, wherein the density is 4.2 ten thousand holes/hm2Irrigating roots with disease control solution No. 1, and using 60ml of solution for each hole; the raw materials of the disease control liquid No. 1 comprise amino acid silicon fertilizer and penicillium beijerinckii, and the content of the components is as follows: amino acid 200mg/L, Si: 200mg/L, Penicillium beilii: 12 hundred million CFU/L; the effective component content of the amino acid silicon fertilizer requires SiO232% of Si, 15% of amino acid and 5.6% of N; wherein, the nutrient content of the biological organic fertilizer is as follows: n + P2O5+K230% of O, 25% of organic matters, 8% of humic acid, 25% of S and 6.2% of pH;
(4) growth regulation: spraying disease control liquid No. 2 on the leaf surface 10 days after the cowpea seedlings are transplanted, and spraying for 1 time every 10 days and continuously spraying for 3 times; the disease control liquid No. 2 is prepared by mixing potassium dihydrogen phosphate, a silicon-calcium fertilizer, uniconazole and bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and comprises the following components in percentage by weight: KH (Perkin Elmer)2PO4: 2.1g/L, Si: 160mg/L, Ca: 160mg/L, uniconazole: 150mg/L, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens: 5 hundred million CFU/L;
(5) fertilizer and water management and harvesting: after blooming, applying a multi-element water-soluble fertilizer in a drip irrigation mode, wherein the nutrient content of the multi-element water-soluble fertilizer is required as follows: total N25%, phosphorus (P)2O5) 7.0% of potassium (K)226.0 percent of O), 0.55 percent of magnesium (Mg), 0.30 percent of boron (B), 0.07 percent of iron (Fe), 0.08 percent of zinc (Zn) and 0.08 percent of molybdenum (Mo), watering after diluting by 250 times, topdressing for 1 time every 7 days and topdressing for 3 times continuously, and harvesting in time when the bean pod is fully expanded but does not swell.
Example 3
A cultivation method for alleviating greenhouse cowpea blight comprises the following steps:
(1) seed disinfection: sun-drying the seeds for 2 days, soaking in cold water for 10min, soaking in water at 40 deg.C for 10min, taking out, mixing with Trichoderma harzianum powder at a weight of 0.5% of the seeds, stirring, and sowing; the content of effective components of the trichoderma harzianum powder is 8 hundred million CFU/g, the rate of mixed bacteria is 0.5 percent, and the rate of live spores is 98.5 percent;
(2) seedling in a nutrition bag: selecting degradable non-woven fabric nutrition bags with the specification of 7cm multiplied by 10cm, filling the degradable non-woven fabric nutrition bags into the special cowpea seedling culture substrate, sowing the disinfected seeds, sowing 3 seeds in each hole for 8 days, and transplanting the seedlings to a field when the 1 st pair of primary true leaves of the seedlings are flat; the special medium for cowpea seedling culture comprises peat, rice hull ash, tea seed cake, bio-organic fertilizer and bacillus subtilis, and the volume ratio is 5: 3: 1: 0.8: 0.2, fully and uniformly mixing; the content of the effective components of the bacillus subtilis is 1200 hundred million CFU/g; wherein, the nutrient content of the biological organic fertilizer is as follows: n + P2O5+K225% of O, 25% of organic matters, 9% of humic acid, 22% of S and 6.0 of pH;
(3) land preparation and transplantation: selecting a plastic greenhouse with a deep soil layer and fertile soil, applying 700kg of bio-organic fertilizer to each mu of the greenhouse, deeply ploughing and uniformly raking, ditching and making a furrow, covering a silvery black double-color mulching film, planting cowpea seedlings in the greenhouse furrow in a double-row planting mode, wherein the density is 3.8 holes/hm2Irrigating roots with disease control solution No. 1, and using 55ml of solution for each hole; the raw materials of the disease control liquid No. 1 comprise amino acid silicon fertilizer and penicillium beijerinckii, and the disease control liquid is prepared by mixing the following components: 170mg/L of amino acid, Si: 170mg/L, Penicillium beilii: 15 hundred million CFU/L; the effective component content of the amino acid silicon fertilizer requires SiO230% of Si, 15% of amino acid and 4.9% of N; wherein, the nutrient content of the biological organic fertilizer is as follows: n + P2O5+K225% of O, 25% of organic matters, 9% of humic acid, 22% of S and 6.0 of pH;
(4) growth regulation: spraying disease control liquid No. 2 on the leaf surface 8d after the cowpea seedlings are transplanted, and spraying for 1 time every 10d and 3 times continuously; the disease control liquid No. 2 is prepared by mixing potassium dihydrogen phosphate, a silicon-calcium fertilizer, uniconazole and bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and comprises the following components in percentage by weight: KH (Perkin Elmer)2PO4: 2.3g/L, Si: 170mg/L, Ca: 170mg/L, uniconazole: 150mg/L, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens: 5 hundred million CFU/L;
(5) fertilizer and water management and harvesting: after blooming, multi-element water-solubility is applied by a drip irrigation modeThe fertilizer and the multielement water-soluble fertilizer have the following nutrient content requirements: total N of 21%, phosphorus (P)2O5) 8.3% of potassium (K)226.1 percent of O), 0.55 percent of magnesium (Mg), 0.22 percent of B, 0.07 percent of iron (Fe), 0.08 percent of zinc (Zn), 0.07 percent of molybdenum (Mo), and irrigating by 220 times of dilution, topdressing 1 time every 6 days and topdressing 3 times continuously, and harvesting when the bean pods are fully expanded but do not bulge.
The difference between comparative example 1 and example 1 is: in step (1), no seed disinfection treatment is performed.
The difference between comparative example 2 and example 1 is: no. 1 disease control liquid is not used for root irrigation in the step (3).
The difference between comparative example 3 and example 1 is: in step (4 No. 2 treatment with the disease control solution was not used.
The difference between comparative example 4 and example 1 is: in the step (2), a special medium for cowpea seedling culture is not used.
Comparative example 5 conventional cultivation method.
The cultivated species 'Janun cowpea 215' is taken as a planting object, and planted according to the methods of the above examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-4 in summer, and the planting areas are the same. And (4) investigating the number of plants with diseases by adopting a 5-point sampling method, grading the severity of the diseases, and calculating the disease index and the prevention and treatment effect. Grading standard of severity of cowpea blight: grade 0, no disease in the whole plant and no external symptoms; grade 1, the leaves of the whole plant are attacked, or the vascular bundles in the stems are changed into brown within 25%; 2, the leaves of 26-50% of the whole plants are attacked, or 26-50% of vascular bundles in stems are changed into brown; grade 3, 51-75% of the whole plant leaves are diseased, and part of the leaves are wilted or 51-75% of the vascular bundles in the stems are browned; grade 4, more than 76% of the leaves of the whole plant are diseased, or more than 75% of the vascular bundles in the stem are browned, or the whole plant is withered and died due to disease.
Disease index [ Σ (number of diseased plants at each level × representative value at corresponding level)/(total number of investigated plants × number of highest disease level) ] × 100;
disease means control effect (%) (control area disease index-treatment area disease index)/control area disease index x 100. The groups were treated with examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-4 and the control group was treated with comparative example 5. The calculation procedure was followed by taking 3 average values, and the results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 tables of disease control and yield results for examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-5
| Index of disease condition | Disease finger control effect (%) | Yield (kg/mu) | Increase in yield (%) | |
| Example 1 | 16.3 | 76.7 | 2308.5 | 28.0 |
| Example 2 | 14.0 | 80.0 | 2436.1 | 35.1 |
| Example 3 | 16.8 | 76.0 | 2316.8 | 28.5 |
| Comparative example 1 | 33.0 | 52.9 | 2108.3 | 16.9 |
| Comparative example 2 | 30.8 | 56.0 | 2156.4 | 19.6 |
| Comparative example 3 | 33.3 | 52.4 | 2111.6 | 17.1 |
| Comparative example 4 | 32.3 | 53.9 | 2136.8 | 18.5 |
| Comparative example 5 | 70.0 | --- | 1803.5 | --- |
By combining the cultivation method, the greenhouse cowpea wilt is reduced, the disease prevention effect reaches 77.6%, the cowpea harvesting period is long, and the yield is improved by 30.5%. The invention has the characteristics of environmental protection, yield increase and income increase, and has particularly obvious economic benefit, social benefit and ecological benefit and very wide market application prospect.
Claims (9)
1. A cultivation method for alleviating greenhouse cowpea blight is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) seed disinfection: sun-drying the seeds, soaking in cold water, soaking in 35-55 deg.C water, taking out, mixing with Trichoderma harzianum powder, stirring, and sowing;
(2) seedling in a nutrition bag: filling the special substrate for cowpea seedling raising into the nutrition bags, then playing the sterilized seeds in the step (1), and transplanting the seedlings to a field when the 1 st pair of primary true leaves of the seedlings is flat; the special medium for cowpea seedling comprises peat, rice hull ash, tea seed cake, bio-organic fertilizer and bacillus subtilis;
(3) land preparation and transplantation: selecting a plastic greenhouse with a deep soil layer and fertile soil, applying a biological organic fertilizer to each mu of the greenhouse, deeply ploughing and uniformly raking, ditching and making a furrow, covering a silver-black double-color mulching film, planting cowpea seedlings in the greenhouse furrow, planting the cowpea seedlings in double rows, and irrigating roots with disease control liquid No. 1, wherein 50-60ml of liquid is used in each hole;
(4) growth regulation: 7-10 days after the cowpea seedlings are transplanted, spraying disease control liquid No. 2 on the leaf surfaces, spraying for 1 time every 10 days, and continuously spraying for 3 times;
(5) fertilizer and water management and harvesting: after blooming, the multi-element water-soluble fertilizer is applied by a drip irrigation mode, and the top dressing is carried out for 1 time every 5 to 7 days and for 3 times continuously.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the trichoderma harzianum powder in the step (1) contains trichoderma harzianum in an amount of more than or equal to 5 hundred million CFU/g, has a mixed bacteria rate of less than or equal to 2%, and has a live spore rate of more than or equal to 98%.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nutrient content of the bio-organic fertilizer in the step (2) and the step (3) is as follows: n + P2O5+K2More than or equal to 20 percent of O, more than or equal to 20 percent of organic matter, more than or equal to 5 percent of humic acid, more than or equal to 20 percent of S, and the pH value of 5.8-6.2.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the content of the effective component of the Bacillus subtilis in the step (2) is not less than 1000 hundred million CFU/g.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the volume ratio of peat, rice hull ash, tea seed cake, bio-organic fertilizer and bacillus subtilis in step (2) is 5: 3: 1: 0.8: 0.2, fully and uniformly mixing to obtain the special cowpea seedling substrate.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the raw materials for the control solution No. 1 in the step (3) comprise amino acid silicon fertilizer and Penicillium beijerinckii; the amino acid in the amino acid silicon fertilizer is 150-200mg/L, Si: 150-200 mg/L; penicillium beijerinckii: not less than 10 hundred million CFU/L.
7. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the effective component content of the amino acid silicon fertilizer requires SiO2More than or equal to 28 percent, more than or equal to 13 percent of Si, more than or equal to 25 percent of amino acid and more than or equal to 4.5 percent of N.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the raw materials of control solution No. 2 in step (4) comprise monopotassium phosphate, calcium silicon fertilizer, uniconazole and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens; the contents of the components are as follows: potassium dihydrogen phosphate: 2.0-2.5 g/L; si in the silicon-calcium fertilizer: 150-200mg/L, Ca: 150-200 mg/L; uniconazole: 150mg/L, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens: not less than 2 hundred million CFU/L.
9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the nutrient content of the multi-element water-soluble fertilizer of step (5) requires: total N is more than or equal to 19 percent, phosphorus (P)2O5) Not less than 6.0 percent and potassium (K)2O) is more than or equal to 25.0 percent, magnesium (Mg) is more than or equal to 0.45 percent, boron (B) is more than or equal to 0.20 percent, iron (Fe) is more than or equal to 0.06 percent, zinc (Zn) is more than or equal to 0.07 percent, molybdenum (Mo) is more than or equal to 0.05 percent, and the mixture is poured after being diluted by 250 times.
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