CN1137030A - Effective amino-acid compound fertilizer and producing process thereof - Google Patents
Effective amino-acid compound fertilizer and producing process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN1137030A CN1137030A CN 96105618 CN96105618A CN1137030A CN 1137030 A CN1137030 A CN 1137030A CN 96105618 CN96105618 CN 96105618 CN 96105618 A CN96105618 A CN 96105618A CN 1137030 A CN1137030 A CN 1137030A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G1/00—Mixtures of fertilisers belonging individually to different subclasses of C05
Abstract
An efficient compound organic-inorganic fertilizer contains N, P2O5, K2O, trace elements, active organic matter, humic acid, and amino acids and serves to increase yield by more than 6%, improve physiochemical properties of soil and quality of grains, and increase the capability of crops to resist drought, waterlogging, disease, pests and lodging.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of organic-inorganic composite fertilizer and production method thereof, more specifically, the present invention relates to amino-acid compound fertilizer and production method thereof.
Fertilizer provides the material of plant nutrition, that is to say in order to promote plant growth, improves output or promotes quality and supply with the material of crop directly or indirectly.What use widely in the agriculture production at present is mineral manure (being referred to as chemical fertilizer usually), the mixed fertilizer of organic fertilizer and these two kinds of fertilizer.Along with the increase day by day of mineral manure usage quantity, these fertilizer bring problems for soil, environment and crop and fruit quality, and in this case, people more and more pay attention to research, production and the use of organic fertilizer.In organic fertilizer, utilize behind the processing animals product the residual fertilizer that tankage were processed into to be subjected to people day by day and welcome.For example, a kind of hair, hoof or skin that utilizes animal described in the CN92109786.7 patent, and soyflour makes raw material, and hydrolysis obtains hydrolyzed solution as catalyzer with urea, adds the reaction of macronutrient and micronutrient element again and produces amino acid compound trace element fertilizer.A kind of fertilizer that utilizes preparations such as kilnitamin, EDTA, plant-growth regulator and trace element has been described in the CN95103995.4 patent application specification.These fertilizer are in use for improving crop yield, improve fruit quality certain effect of having volatilized.These fertilizer can replenish nutritive element and the organic substance that lacks in the soil, but do not regulate the microcirculatory effect of crop, the effect of these nutritive elements that therefore can't fully volatilize.In addition, these fertilizer are not clearly to the effect of prevention and elimination of disease and pests.
Yet, the inventor is surprised to find, on the existing patented technology of the inventor (CN92109786.7) basis, add some crude drug extracts, can improve the microcirculation of plant significantly, reach the promotion plant metabolism, thereby promote that plant well grows, also have the effect of good sterilization and disinfestation.
Therefore, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of material of amino-acid compound fertilizer efficiently.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of production method of effective amino-acid compound fertilizer material.
Purpose of the present invention can reach in the following manner:
1. the preparation of micro-aminoacid mixture
In airtight reactor, allow 80-120 weight part keratin protein (as skin, hair or the hoof of animal, send out as the people), with 15-25 weight part soyflour, in the presence of 1-2 weight part urea seeding agent, with 180-220 weight part concentration is 30-40% (weight) sulfuric acid, the temperature of mixture is controlled at be hydrolyzed under 105-115 ℃ 2-4 hour, uses 25-35% (weight) ammoniacal liquor its hydrolyzed solution that neutralizes to obtain amino acid solution again;
With 80-120 weight part levigated toosendan fruit seed and 80-120 weight parts water, boiled 3-5 hour in 60-80 ℃, separate and remove residue and obtain the toosendan fruit seed extracting solution;
Getting the acetate of the above-mentioned amino acid solution of 100-140 weight part, 18-24 weight part toosendan fruit seed extracting solution, 18-24 weight part citric acid or ammonium polyphosphate, 18-24 weight part yellow humic acid, 2-5 weight part zinc, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, cobalt or carbonate or boric acid mixes with 4-10 weight part trimethyl-glycine, again in 60-80 ℃ of reaction 1-2 hour, and the pH of mixed solution is controlled at 4.5-6.5, reaction finishes to obtain micro-amino acid mixing liquid, obtains micro-aminoacid mixture through concentrate drying again.
The weight ratio of described trace element zinc, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, cobalt, boron is 0.01-1: 0.01-0.25: 0.1-3: 0.02-2: 0-0.1: 0-0.01: 0.01-0.3.
2. the preparation of crude drug extracting solution
Get 0.1-3 weight part yellow bluestem, 0.05-2.5 weight part Semen Hyoscyami, 0.1-2.5 weight part kuh-seng, 0.1-4 weight part China tree, the 0.2-5 weight part tuber of stemona, 0.05-1 weight part glossy ganoderma and 0.1-2 weight part trypterygine, is 1: 1 to 1: 4 with 95% ethanol according to the weight ratio of ethanol and crude drug, soaked 36 hours at 25-30 ℃, residue is removed in squeezing then, and the liquid that obtains is removed ethanol through distillation, and its residue oven dry is stand-by; Perhaps water is 1: 5 to 1: 8 according to the weight ratio of water and crude drug, soaks 4-6 hour at 60-80 ℃, adopts same processing step squeezing, oven dry residue then.
Every kind of crude drug also can soak separately produces described residue.
3. the preparation of medical stone extracting solution
Get 0.1-3 weight part medical stone, using 4% (weight) hydrochloric acid is to mix with medical stone in 1: 1 to 1: 4 according to the medical stone and the weight ratio of described hydrochloric acid, boils 2-4 hour, reach pH6.5-7.5 with the strong aqua neutralization then, filter, the filtrate that obtains is evaporated to dried, and residue is stand-by.
4. crude drug extract and medical stone extract are obtained mixture according to 7: 1 mixed of weight ratio, this mixture is referred to as active organic matter in present specification.
5. get 17-25 weight part trace element aminoacid mixture, 4-8 weight part humic acids, 0.005-0.5 weight part active organic matter, 30-40 weight part urea or bicarbonate of ammonia or ammonium sulfate, 16-25 weight part diammonium phosphate and 10-18 weight part vitriolate of tartar or Repone K and obtain its product through mixing, granulation, drying.
The product that is obtained by aforesaid method contains (by weight):
Nitrogen 17-22%, P
2O
57-12%, K
2O 5-9%, described micro-total amount is 0.5-1.5%, active organic matter 0.005-0.5%, humic acids 3.5-7%, total amino acid 16-22%.
Fertilizer of the present invention is suitable for various crops, can be used as base fertilizer and uses, and also can be used as the use of topdressing.As base fertilizer, every mu of usage quantity is more than 14 kilograms.Its using method is identical with the using method of diammonium phosphate or urea.
Fertilizer of the present invention has following positively effect:
1. show that through the application in 2 years compare with the urea of using equivalent, effect of increasing production is more than 6%.As in the test of Heilungkiang corn, contrast and use 15 kilograms of diammonium phosphate to topdress, and fertilizer of the present invention only to be used 15 kilograms as base fertilizer and 10 kilograms of urea conducts, comparison is according to increasing production 10.56%.Hebei soybean and corn test are respectively 7.05% and 7.85% than the volume increase of equivalent diammonium phosphate.
2. can improve the physico-chemical property of soil, help water conservation, protect activity fertile, that protect nutrient in gas, insulation, promotion microbial reproduction, the promotion soil, be beneficial to crop and absorb.
3. can improve the quality of crop and fruit, increase useful composition.
4. can strengthen the drought resisting of crop, waterlogging-resistant, disease and insect resistance, ability resistant to lodging.
Description below by embodiment can be understood the present invention better.
Embodiment 1
Prepare fertilizer of the present invention, its preparation process is as follows:
1. the preparation of micro-aminoacid mixture
In airtight reactor, allow 80 weight part keratin protein pig hairs and 18 weight part soyflours, in the presence of 1 weight part urea seeding agent, with 180 weight part concentration is 35% (weight) sulfuric acid, the temperature of mixture is controlled at was hydrolyzed under 110 ℃ 3 hours, use 30% (weight) ammoniacal liquor its hydrolyzed solution that neutralizes to obtain amino acid solution again;
With 80 weight part levigated toosendan fruit seeds and 80 weight parts waters, boiled 5 hours in 60 ℃, separate and remove residue and obtain the toosendan fruit seed extracting solution;
Acetate and the boric acid of getting the above-mentioned amino acid solution of 100 weight parts, 18 weight part toosendan fruit seed extracting solutions, 18 weight part citric acids, 18 weight part yellow humic acids, 3 weight part zinc, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, cobalt mix with 4 weight part trimethyl-glycines, again in 70 ℃ of reactions 1.5 hours, and the pH of mixed solution is controlled at 6.0, reaction finishes to obtain micro-amino acid mixing liquid, obtains micro-aminoacid mixture through concentrate drying again.
The weight ratio of described trace element zinc, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, cobalt, boron is 0.1: 0.1: 0.2: 0.2: 0.01: 0: 0.1.
2. the preparation of crude drug extracting solution
Get 1 weight part yellow bluestem, 0.5 weight part Semen Hyoscyami, 2.5 weight part kuh-sengs, 4 weight part China trees, the 2 weight part tubers of stemona, 0.5 weight part glossy ganoderma and 1.8 weight part trypterygines, is 1: 1 with 95% ethanol according to the weight ratio of ethanol and crude drug, soaked 36 hours at 25-30 ℃, residue is removed in squeezing then, and the liquid that obtains is removed ethanol through distillation, and its residue oven dry is stand-by.
3. the preparation of medical stone extracting solution
Getting 1 weight part medical stone, use 4% (weight) hydrochloric acid, is with medical stone to mix at 1: 1 according to medical stone and the weight ratio of described hydrochloric acid, boils 4 hours, and neutralizing with strong aqua then reaches pH6.5, filtration, and the filtrate that obtains is evaporated to dried, and residue is stand-by.
4. crude drug extract and medical stone extract are obtained active organic matter according to 7: 1 mixed of weight ratio.
5. get 17 weight parts trace element aminoacid mixture, 4 weight part humic acidss, 0.02 weight part active organic matter, 30 weight part urea, 16 weight part diammonium phosphate and 10 weight part vitriolate of tartar and obtain its product through mixing, granulation, drying.
Use 50 kilograms of these products of mu consumption to carry out field test, and with 50 kilograms of urea of mu consumption and 30 kilograms of phosphate fertilizer as a contrast test, the test-results of plantation potato shows, and to compare in the same old way, stimulation ratio reaches 33.3%.
Embodiment 2
1. the preparation of micro-aminoacid mixture
In airtight reactor, allow 90 weight part keratin protein people's hair, with 20 weight part soyflours, in the presence of 1.2 weight part urea seeding agent, with 200 weight part concentration is 35% (weight) sulfuric acid, the temperature of mixture is controlled at was hydrolyzed under 110 ℃ 3 hours, use 30% (weight) ammoniacal liquor its hydrolyzed solution that neutralizes to obtain amino acid solution again;
With 100 weight part levigated toosendan fruit seeds and 100 weight parts waters, boiled 3 hours in 80 ℃, separate and remove residue and obtain the toosendan fruit seed extracting solution;
Carbonate and the boric acid of getting the above-mentioned amino acid solution of 100 weight parts, 18 weight part toosendan fruit seed extracting solutions, 18 weight part citric acids, 18 weight part yellow humic acids, 4 weight part zinc, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, cobalt mix with 6 weight part trimethyl-glycines, again in 80 ℃ of reactions 1 hour, and the pH of mixed solution is controlled at 5.5, reaction finishes to obtain micro-amino acid mixing liquid, obtains micro-aminoacid mixture through concentrate drying again.
The weight ratio of described trace element zinc, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, cobalt, boron is 0.04: 0.01: 0.8: 0.1: 0.05: 0.01: 0.1.
2. the preparation of crude drug extracting solution
Get 1.5 weight part yellow bluestems, 1.0 weight part Semen Hyoscyamis, 2 weight part kuh-sengs, 3 weight part China trees, the 3 weight part tubers of stemona, 0.6 weight part glossy ganoderma and 1.6 weight part trypterygines, is 1: 2 with 95% ethanol according to the weight ratio of ethanol and crude drug, soaked 36 hours at 25 ℃, residue is removed in squeezing then, and the liquid that obtains is removed ethanol through distillation, and its residue oven dry is stand-by.
3. the preparation of medical stone extracting solution
Get 1.5 weight part medical stones, using 4% (weight) hydrochloric acid is with medical stone to mix at 1: 2 according to medical stone and the weight ratio of described hydrochloric acid, boils 2 hours, and neutralizing with strong aqua then reaches pH7.0, filtration, and the filtrate that obtains is evaporated to dried, and residue is stand-by.
4. crude drug extract and medical stone extract are obtained mixture according to 7: 1 mixed of weight ratio.
5. get 20 weight parts trace element aminoacid mixture, 6 weight part humic acidss, 0.2 weight part active organic matter, 35 weight part urea, 20 weight part diammonium phosphate and 14 weight part vitriolate of tartar and obtain its product through mixing, granulation, drying.
Use 25 kilograms of these products of mu consumption to carry out field test, and with 30 kilograms of carbon ammoniums of mu consumption and 33 kilograms of phosphate fertilizer as a contrast test, the test-results of plantation beet shows, and to compare in the same old way, stimulation ratio reaches 7.4%.
Embodiment 3
The preparation of fertilizer of the present invention, its preparation process is as follows:
1. the preparation of micro-aminoacid mixture
In airtight reactor, allow 105 weight part keratin protein people's hair, with 20 weight part soyflours, in the presence of 1.5 weight part urea seeding agent, with 180 weight part concentration is 35% (weight) sulfuric acid, the temperature of mixture is controlled at was hydrolyzed under 110 ℃ 4 hours, use 35% (weight) ammoniacal liquor its hydrolyzed solution that neutralizes to obtain amino acid solution again;
With 110 weight part levigated toosendan fruit seeds and 110 weight parts waters, boiled 4 hours in 70 ℃, separate and remove residue and obtain the toosendan fruit seed extracting solution;
Carbonate and the boric acid of getting the above-mentioned amino acid solution of 110 weight parts, 20 weight part toosendan fruit seed extracting solutions, 20 weight part citric acids, 20 weight part yellow humic acids, 2 weight part zinc, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, cobalt mix with 8 weight part trimethyl-glycines, again in 75 ℃ of reactions 1.5 hours, and the pH of mixed solution is controlled at 6.0, reaction finishes to obtain micro-amino acid mixing liquid, obtains micro-aminoacid mixture through concentrate drying again.
The weight ratio of described trace element zinc, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, cobalt, boron is 0.06: 0.15: 1.0: 1: 0.06: 0: 0.2.
2. the preparation of crude drug extracting solution
Get 2 weight part yellow bluestems, 1.5 weight part Semen Hyoscyamis, 1.5 weight part kuh-sengs, 2 weight part China trees, the 3 weight part tubers of stemona, 0.7 weight part glossy ganoderma and 1.4 weight part trypterygines, is 1: 3 with 95% ethanol according to the weight ratio of ethanol and crude drug, soaked 36 hours at 25 ℃, residue is removed in squeezing then, and the liquid that obtains is removed ethanol through distillation, and its residue oven dry is stand-by.
3. the preparation of medical stone extracting solution
Get 2 weight part medical stones, using 4% (weight) hydrochloric acid is with medical stone to mix at 1: 3 according to medical stone and the weight ratio of described hydrochloric acid, boils 3 hours, and neutralizing with strong aqua then reaches pH7.0, filtration, and the filtrate that obtains is evaporated to dried, and residue is stand-by.
4. crude drug extract and medical stone extract are obtained mixture according to 7: 1 mixed of weight ratio.
5. get 22 weight parts trace element aminoacid mixture, 8 weight part humic acidss, 0.3 weight part active organic matter, 35 weight part bicarbonate of ammonia, 22 weight part diammonium phosphate and 16 weight part vitriolate of tartar and obtain its product through mixing, granulation, drying.
Use 20 kilograms of these products of mu consumption to carry out field test, and test in contrast with 20 kilograms of nitrophosphate fertilizers of mu consumption and 50 kilograms of carbon ammoniums, the test-results of plantation capsicum shows, and to compare in the same old way, stimulation ratio reaches 7.8%.
Embodiment 4
Prepare fertilizer of the present invention, its preparation process is as follows:
1. the preparation of micro-aminoacid mixture
In airtight reactor, allow 115 weight part keratin protein pig hairs, with 25 weight part soyflours, in the presence of 2.0 weight part urea seeding agent, with 200 weight part concentration is 35% (weight) sulfuric acid, the temperature of mixture is controlled at was hydrolyzed under 110 ℃ 4 hours, use 35% (weight) ammoniacal liquor its hydrolyzed solution that neutralizes to obtain amino acid solution again;
With 120 weight part levigated toosendan fruit seeds and 120 weight parts waters, boiled 4 hours in 65 ℃, separate and remove residue and obtain the toosendan fruit seed extracting solution;
Carbonate and the boric acid of getting the above-mentioned amino acid solution of 130 weight parts, 24 weight part toosendan fruit seed extracting solutions, 24 weight part citric acids, 24 weight part yellow humic acids, 5 weight part zinc, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, cobalt mix with 10 weight part trimethyl-glycines, again in 80 ℃ of reactions 2 hours, and the pH of mixed solution is controlled at 6.5, reaction finishes to obtain micro-amino acid mixing liquid, obtains micro-aminoacid mixture through concentrate drying again.
The weight ratio of described trace element zinc, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, cobalt, boron is 0.08: 0.25: 2.0: 2.0: 0.08: 0.01: 0.3.
2. the preparation of crude drug extracting solution
Get 2.5 weight part yellow bluestems, 2.0 weight part Semen Hyoscyamis, 1 weight part kuh-seng, 1 weight part China tree, the 4 weight part tubers of stemona, 0.8 weight part glossy ganoderma and 1.2 weight part trypterygines, water is 1: 6 according to the weight ratio of water and crude drug, soaked 5 hours at 70 ℃, residue is removed in squeezing then, and the liquid evaporate to dryness that obtains, its residue is stand-by.
3. the preparation of medical stone extracting solution
Get 2.5 weight part medical stones, using 4% (weight) hydrochloric acid is with medical stone to mix at 1: 4 according to medical stone and the weight ratio of described hydrochloric acid, boils 4 hours, and neutralizing with strong aqua then reaches pH7.0, filtration, and the filtrate that obtains is evaporated to dried, and residue is stand-by.
4. crude drug extract and medical stone extract are obtained mixture according to 7: 1 mixed of weight ratio.
5. get 25 weight parts trace element aminoacid mixture, 4 weight part humic acidss, 0.4 weight part active organic matter, 40 weight part ammonium sulfate, 25 weight part diammonium phosphate and 18 weight part Repone K and obtain its product through mixing, granulation, drying.
Use 25 kilograms of these products of mu consumption to carry out field test, and test as a contrast with mu 25 kilograms of carbon ammoniums of consumption and 25 kilograms of phosphate fertilizer, the test-results of planting rotten broomcorn millet shows, and to compare in the same old way, stimulation ratio reaches 8.5%.
Claims (4)
1. amino-acid compound fertilizer is characterized in that it contains (by weight):
Nitrogen 17-22%,
P
2O
5?7-12％，
K
2O?5-9％，
Described micro-total amount is 0.5-1.5%,
Described active organic matter 0.005-0.5%,
Humic acids 3.5-7%,
Total amino acid 16-22%.
2. the production method of an amino-acid compound fertilizer is characterized in that this method comprises the steps:
(1) preparation of micro-aminoacid mixture
In airtight reactor, allow 80-120 weight part keratin protein (as skin, hair or the hoof of animal, send out as the people), with 15-25 weight part soyflour, in the presence of 1-2 weight part urea seeding agent, with 180-220 weight part concentration is 30-40% (weight) sulfuric acid, the temperature of mixture is controlled at be hydrolyzed under 105-115 ℃ 2-4 hour, uses 25-35% (weight) ammoniacal liquor its hydrolyzed solution that neutralizes to obtain amino acid solution again;
With 80-120 weight part levigated toosendan fruit seed and 80-120 weight parts water, boiled 3-5 hour in 60-80 ℃, separate and remove residue and obtain the toosendan fruit seed extracting solution;
Getting the acetate of the above-mentioned amino acid solution of 100-140 weight part, 18-24 weight part toosendan fruit seed extracting solution, 18-24 weight part citric acid or ammonium polyphosphate, 18-24 weight part yellow humic acid, 2-5 weight part zinc, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, cobalt or carbonate or boric acid mixes with 4-10 weight part trimethyl-glycine, again in 60-80 ℃ of reaction 1-2 hour, and the pH of mixed solution is controlled at 4.5-6.5, reaction finishes to obtain micro-amino acid mixing liquid, obtains micro-aminoacid mixture through concentrate drying again;
The weight ratio of described trace element zinc, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, cobalt, boron is 0.01-1: 0.01-0.25: 0.1-3: 0.02-2: 0-0.1: 0-0.01: 0.01-0.3.
(2) preparation of crude drug extracting solution
Get 0.1-3 weight part yellow bluestem, 0.05-2.5 weight part Semen Hyoscyami, 0.1-2.5 weight part kuh-seng, 0.1-4 weight part China tree, the 0.2-5 weight part tuber of stemona, 0.05-1 weight part glossy ganoderma and 0.1-2 weight part trypterygine, is 1: 1 to 1: 4 with 95% ethanol according to the weight ratio of ethanol and crude drug, soaked 36 hours at 25-30 ℃, residue is removed in squeezing then, and the liquid that obtains is removed ethanol through distillation, and its residue oven dry is stand-by; Perhaps water is 1: 5 to 1: 8 according to the weight ratio of water and crude drug, soaks 4-6 hour at 60-80 ℃, adopts same processing step squeezing, oven dry residue then.
(3) preparation of medical stone extracting solution
Get 0.1-3 weight part medical stone, using 4% (weight) hydrochloric acid is to mix with medical stone in 1: 1 to 1: 4 according to the medical stone and the weight ratio of described hydrochloric acid, boils 2-4 hour, reach pH6.5-7.5 with the strong aqua neutralization then, filter, the filtrate that obtains is evaporated to dried, and residue is stand-by.
(4) crude drug extract and medical stone extract are obtained mixture according to 7: 1 mixed of weight ratio, this mixture is referred to as active organic matter in present specification.
(5) get 17-25 weight part trace element aminoacid mixture, 4-8 weight part humic acids, 0.005-0.5 weight part active organic matter, 30-40 weight part urea or bicarbonate of ammonia or ammonium sulfate, 16-25 weight part diammonium phosphate and 10-18 weight part vitriolate of tartar or Repone K and obtain its product through mixing, granulation, drying.
3. method according to claim 2, the weight ratio that it is characterized in that described trace element zinc, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, cobalt, boron is 0.01-1: 0.01-0.25: 0.1-3: 0.02-2: 0-0.1: 0-0.01: 0.01-0.3.
4 methods according to claim 2 is characterized in that described crude drug soaks separately separately.
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| CN96105618A CN1059190C (en) | 1996-04-26 | 1996-04-26 | Effective amino-acid compound fertilizer and producing process thereof |
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| CN96105618A CN1059190C (en) | 1996-04-26 | 1996-04-26 | Effective amino-acid compound fertilizer and producing process thereof |
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| CN1059190C CN1059190C (en) | 2000-12-06 |
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| JPS6040786A (en) * | 1983-08-12 | 1985-03-04 | Sakae Noda | Evaporation generator |
| CN1052107A (en) * | 1990-07-10 | 1991-06-12 | 刘长久 | The prescription of plant nutrition liquid and production technique |
| CN1052654A (en) * | 1991-01-08 | 1991-07-03 | 王秀云 | A kind of amino acid fertilizer and method for making thereof |
| CN1025116C (en) * | 1992-08-28 | 1994-06-22 | 张洪昌 | Composition fertilizer containing amino-acids and trace elements |
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1996
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